Table of Contents

Chishandiso chefilbuster iprocedal muUnited States Dare rinobvumira vamiririri kutambanudza kurukurirano pamusoro pomutemo, kurukurirano, kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu pamberi penzvimbo. Ichi chishandiso chine simba chakaumba matongerwe enyika eAmerica emitemo kwaanopfuura mazana maviri amakore, chichibatira zvose zviri zviviri sedziviriro nokuda kwekodzero shomanene uye manyuko egakava rakati. Kunzwisisa basa remonitor mugadziriro yedu yehurumende kunoda kunzvera kukura kwayo, vagadziri vemitemo, uye ukoshi hunopfuurira mumatongerwe enyika azvinovapo.

Mavambo Nemhindumupindu yeFilibuster

Chisiko Chine Ngozi

Mukupesana nechitendero chakakurumbira, filibuster yakanga isiri rutivi rwegadziriro yapakuvamba yavanaBaba nokuda kweDare asi panzvimbo pezvo yakaitwa nemhosho. Muna 1789, zvose zviri zviviri zvinyorwa zvokutonga zvakanga zvakafanana uye zvakabatanidza zvinozivikanwa se "mubvunzo wapfuura" kufambisa. Iri girabhu remitemo raigona kushandiswa kugumisa gakava ndokumanikidzira vhoti pabhizimisi rakadokumira.

Muna 1805, Vice Prezidhendi Aaron Burr, achitungamirira Dare, akakarakadza kuti mutumbi utsaure bhuku rawo romutemo kupfurikidza nokubvisa mitemo inochinja, uchiimba kubuda kwenhau kwakapfuura. Dare rakatevera iri zano muna 1806, risingazivi kubvisa mutoo bedzi waigona kuve wakashandiswa kuganhurira kurukurirano. House of Deaders, mukupesana, yakachengeta ndokusimbisa kukwirira kwayo kwemibvunzo kwakapfuura, pakupedzisira kuchishandura kuva chishandiso chinobudirira chokugumisa kurukurirano.

Kukurumidza Kushandiswa uye Kudzidza Mashoko

Musi waSeptember 22, 1789, Mutongi wePennsylvania William Maclay akanyora mudhayari rake kuti magadzirirwo evaVirginia akanga ari okutaura nguva yacho, zvokuti mutongo wacho waisagona kupfuudzwa.

Shoko rokuti "filibuster" rinobva mushoko rechiDutch nokuda kwe "freebooter" uye Spanish "filibustros" (aishandiswa kurondedzera bhozhokeri dzinovhozhokera zvitsuwa zveCaribbean(*) akavamba kuoneka mukurukurirano dzemitemo dzeAmerica mu1850s. Pakazosvika 1863, shoko rokuti "filibuster" rakatanga kushandiswa muDare kurondedzera muitiro wokuvhota kana kuti kunyorwa kwechibvumirano. Chiito chetsoro chaibatanidza zvikurukuru kuvhota.

Kutanga Kwemitemo Yokuzvitutumadza

Vanavasati vasvika zera rokutanga vakatungamirira kuzvinodikanwa zvokutanga zveizvo zvinodana kuti "chinyakare," mutoo wokugumisa nawo gakava nokuunza mubvunzo kuvhota. Muna 1841, vashomanene veDemocratic vakaedza kubvisa wachi yacho papepa kuti vatange bhangi renyika, uye vakakanganisika Whig denator Henry Clay akatyisidzira kuchinja mitemo yeDare kuti iganhurire, kunyange zvazvo chikarakadzo chaClay chakasunda vamwe kunyevera nezveanotova chirefu kudzivirira chinjo ipi neipi kumitemo.

Kwerinopfuura zana ramakore pashure pa 1806, Dare rakanga risina mutoo wetsika wokugumisa nawo kurukurirano. Ikoku kwakachinja muna 1917 apo, pakukurudzira kwaPurezidhendi Woodrow Wilson, vatenzi vakagamuchira Mutemo 22, uyo wakabvumira Dare kugumisa gakava nevoruzhinji vaviri nenhatu, chishandiso chinozivikanwa sechigwada. Uyu mutemo wakatanga kuiswa kumuedzo muna 1919, apo Dare rakakumbira kugumisa chibvumirano chePricionbuster kugumisa Treaty of Versailles.

Kunyange nemitemo mitsva, vanambuya vakaramba vari mutoo unobudirira wokudzivisa nawo mutemo, sezvo vhoti mbiri ne 3 dzakanga dzakaoma kuwana, uye mumakumi mana akatevera, Dare rakakwanisa kutsiva kuoma kwemvura kashanu bedzi. Muna 1975, Dare rakaderedza nhamba yevhoti dzaidikanwa pakuvhota pamativi maviri ezvikamu zviviri zvezvikamu zvitatu zvevavhoti vose vakasarudzwa nokupikirwa, kana kuti 60 vavatambi 100 vazvino.

Mashandiro Anoita Filibuster: Michina Yemadhimoni

Basa Rinokosha

Mitemo yeDare inoisa ganhuriro shomanene pakurukurirano, uye kazhinji kazhinji, kana pasina mumwe mutezo wedare wedare anotsvaka kuzivikanwa akafanirwa nokutaura kwenguva refu sezvaanoda, nekurukurirano inoguma bedzi apo inoguma nenzira yomuzvarirwo kana kuti kushandisa kuruma. Iyi kurukurirano isina kuganhurirwa inosianisa Dare neImba yavamiririri, iyo inoganhurira chose chose kutaura nguva.

Muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa, kugumisa filbuster kunoda ruzhinji rwavateveri vatatu vakasarudzwa nenzira yapamutemo nemhiko (60 vhoti kana pasina nzvimbo imwe chete), naizvozvo vashomanene vavanemiteve vanogona kuvhara chiyero, kunyange kana chine tsigiro yoruzhinji rwakapfava. Ichi chinodikanwa chikuru chinoumba zvikuru kuti mutemo unofamba sei muDare.

Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu

Zvinenge 16 Senators zvinofanira kuisa chiratidzo chokufamba kwe [nhau iri kukurukurwa] chinoti: “Isu, Sinator dzakatsiviwa, mukuwirirana negadziriro dzeChirango XXII cheMitemo Inooneka yeDare, pano kupfurikidza nokuendesa kumugumo kurukurirano pa [nhau iri kukurukurwa]. Mumigariro mizhinjisa, Dare harivhoti kufamba uku kwegwara kutozosvikira pazuva rechipiri rerusando pashure pokunge kufamba kwaitwa, uye ipapo rinoda mavhoti ezvinenge zvikamu zvitatu zveSanitor (zvivhoti zvinogarokwa zvinenge 60) kuti ribate kubatira kurukira.

Kukwidza makwara kunobvumira maawa 30 okuwedzera kukurukura chikarakadzo. Mukati menhambo iyi yapashure pokuzvarwa, kugadziriswa kwetsinga bedzi kungarangarirwa, uye nzira dzakasiana - siana dzokubvisa nadzo dzinoganhurirwa. Nguva ino inova nechokwadi chokuti kana kusvota kwangokumbirwa, Dare pakupedzisira richasvika pavhoti yokupedzisira panhau iripo.

FILIBUster Yemazuva Ano

Chiremba achinja zvikuru kubva muchimiro chawo chamagamuchidzanwa. Kubvira pakutanga kwama 1970, vatenzi vakakwanisa kushandisa "chinyararire" chikwata chevane 41 kana kuti kupfuura vanotyisidzira mutungamiriri wedare, mutungamiriri weDare anowanzoramba kuvhota. Uku kuvamba kwakachinja zvikurukuru chimiro chechinoumba chitunha kubva muuriri hunoshamisa kuchiratidzo chetsika.

Kusafanana nekurukurirano yakakurumbira yenziyo dzinonzi ficial buster mumabhaisikopo akadai sa "VaSmith Goes ku Washington," umo vagadziri vejenator vaifanira kuchengetedza uriri nguva dzose, nhumbu yazvino uno haidi kutsungirira kwakadaro kwomuviri. Panzvimbo pokuraira uriri nemaawa okutaura pamusoro pemirayiridzo yakakangwa kana kuti kudzokororwa kwenhetembo, murevereri anoda zvake kuratidzira kuda kuita saizvozvo. Iyi chinjo yakaita kuti kuve nyore zvikuru uye kupfuure zvikuru.

Basa Revaviri Mukudzivirira Kodzero Dzokuwana

Kudzivisa Kudzvinyirirwa Kwevarwi

Kodzero yekurukurirano isina kuganhurirwa muDare, kubatanidza nhau, yakarumbidzwa somudziviriri wezvipo zvishomanene zvezvamatongerwe enyika kubva muudzvinyiriri hwevoruzhinji uye yave iri rutivi rukuru rwebasa rakasiana reDare mutsika yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica. Iri basa rinowirirana negadziriro yakafara yebumbiro remitemo recheki nedzikamo zvakagadzirirwa kudzivisa kubatana kupi nokupi kunoshandisa simba kusingadzivisiki.

Chikwata chinonzi filbuster chinoshanda sebhurukwa rokuchinja kwokukurumidza kwemitemo, chichivimbisa kuti kuchinja kwemitemo kunokosha kunoda kubvumirana kwakakura kupfuura voruzhinjiwo zvavo.MuDare rakakamuraniswa zvikuru, ikoku kunoreva kuti boka duku rinoramba richipesvedzera zvine revo papurogiramu dzemitemo, richimanikidzira voruzhinji kurangarira mirangariro neitiro hanya zvokushora.

Kukurudzira Ushingi uye Kukurukurirana Kwakakwana

Vadziviriri vevafilbuster vanotaura kuti inosimudzira basa reDare sedare rinorerutsa. Kupfurikidza nokuda tsigiro hurusa kufambisira mberi mutemo unomutsa nharo, nhingi inovimbisa kuti zvikwereti zvinowana nzvero huru nekurukurirano. Uku kurangarira kwakarebeswa kunogona kuzivisa zvikanganiso mumutemo unokarakadzwa, kubvumira nguva nokuda kwemubatanidzwa wavose, uye kuparira mikana yokuvandudza zvikwereti kupfurikidza nokuvandudza nekurukurirano.

Kutyisidzira kwenhamba kunokurudzira vatenzi kuti vapinde mukurukurirano ine revo mumitsetse yomubato. Apo mavhoti 60 anodikanwa kufambisira mberi mutemo, boka guru rinofanira kazhinji kazhinji kutsvaka tsigiro kuvashomanene, kuchitungamirira kukubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira nako kuvaka mubatanidzwa. Uyu muitiro unogona kubudisa mutemo une mwero zvikuru, unogamuchirika zvikuru kupfuura waizobuda mumutemo mukuru.

Kusimudzira Kushandira Pamwe Kwevaitsigira

Chikumbaridzo chamakumi matanhatu chinoparira zvikarakadzo zvakasimba zvebatira pamwe yebipartisan. Vatungamiriri vazhinji vanofanira kutaurirana nebato duku kuti vawane mavhoti anodikanwa kukurira vanambuya, kuchitungamirira kumutemo unoratidzira revo inobva kumativi ose ari maviri epaburi remugwagwa. Ichi chinodikanwa chebatira pamwe yemibato yemichinjikwa chinogona kubetsera zvikarakadzo zvine mwero uye kuvaka tsigiro yavose yakafara nokuda kwemitemo yakagadzwa.

Mitemo inoitwa nevanhu vakawanda haiwanzodzoreki nokukurumidza kana hurumende ichichinja maoko, zvichiita kuti pave nokugadzikana uye kufanoteverwa.

Chikwata cheFilibuster Senzvero Pamitemo Yakashata

Kudzivisa Kuitwa Kwechisarudzo Chakapetwa

Chinobatira sedziviriro inokosha pakukurumidza kana kuti kurangarirwa zvisina kunaka mutemo. Mukushata kwenguva dzezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti mukupindura njodzi, panogona kuva nedzvinyiriro yokupfuudza mutemo nokukurumidza pasina kurangarirwa kwakakwana kwemiuyo yenhambo refu. Chinodikanwa chamonicbuster nokuda kwetsigiro huru chinoparira nhambo yokutonhorera inobvumira kurangarira kwokungwarira zvikuru.

Iri basa rekuzvidira rinokosha zvikurukuru nokuda kwomutemo wakaoma kunzwisisa une chokuita nezviri kuitika kure. Kuchinja kukuru kwemiitiro kunotapura kutarisira utano, mitero, kodzero dzavagari vemo, kana kuti kuchengeteka kwenyika kunobetserwa nekurukurirano yakarebeswa inobvumira nyanzvi kuyera, zvinetso zvingabvira kuzivikanwa, uye dzimwe nzira dzokuita nadzo kuti dzirangarirwe.

Kudzivirira Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvenguva Pfupi

Zvibereko zvinoda kugadziriswa zvinogona dzimwe nguva kuita zvinhu zvikuru zvechinguvana zvisingaratidziri murangariro wavanhu wakatsiga, wenguva refu. Chiremba chinodzivisa zvinhu zvikuru zvechinguvana kuratidzira chinjo huru idzo dzingasagona kupfuurira kuva netsigiro yavose. Kupfurikidza nokuda bvumirano huru, mupfudzi anobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti chinjo huru dzemitemo dzinoratidzira zvinopfuura zvido zvevoruzhinji rushoma, rungararama kwenguva pfupi.

Iri basa rokudzivirira rinokosha zvikurukuru munguva yemicheto mitete inoparadzanisa uye vhiyi yakakwirira. Chinodzivisa kuchinja kwemiitiro kusingadzorwi kungagona kuitika kana papati imwe neimwe, kana yawana voruzhinji vashoma, yakakurumidza kuchinja zvose zvakaitwa noruzhinji.

Mienzaniso Yomunguva Yakapfuura Yevaviri Vari Kushanda

Mapilibuster Akakurumbira

Chinyorwa chekutaura kwenguva refu zvikurusa kunoenda kuJ.S.S.Thurmond uyo akarwisana neChivil Rights Act ya 1957 ne 18 maawa 24 namaminiti. Mukati mema1930, Mutungamiriri Huey P. Kare akashandisa nenzira inobudirira mupfumi pamabhiri ayo aifunga kuti akada vapfumi kupfuura varombo, achikangaidza vabiyake nepo aivaraidza vaoni nokudzokorora kwake Shakespeare nokurava kwake mabiko e "popors," akambovata uriri hwedare ramatare kwamaawa 15.

Ava vanasekuru vanoorora vakabata ngwariro yavose ndokuratidzira simba romutarisiri mumwe rokunonotsa bhizimisi reDare. Nepo marusando akadaro okutaura ari madaro marefu asingawanzowaniki munguva yazvino uno yevanachinyakare vakanyarara, ivo vanoramba vari rutivi rwenhau yakaisvonaka yeDare uye nhaka yetsika.

Mitemo Yekodzero Dzevanhu Nekodzero Dzevanhu

MaFilibuster akabvumikisa kuva anobetsera zvikuru kuvarwi vehurumende vokumaodzanyemba avo vakatsvaka kumisa mutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo, kubatanidza zvikwereti zvinorwisana nezvikwereti, uye kwete kutozosvikira muna 1964 Dare rakakunda nenzira inobudirira kupfuudza pamutemo mukuru wekodzero dzavagari vemo. Iyi nhau inomirira rimwe ramativi anoitiranwa nharo zvikurusa enhaka yemonilbuster.

Maererano nokuongorora kwakaitwa nemasayendisiti ezvematongerwe enyika Sarah Binder naSteven Smith, pamatanho 30 akakanganiswa nenhare pakati pa1917 na1994, hafu yavo chaiyo yaibatanidza kodzero dzevanhu. Nhau iyi inonetsa yakanyandura nharo dzinoramba dzichienderera mberi pamusoro pokuti mari yevana vababa inopfuura kubatsira kwayo.

Zvakasiyana Nezvekutonga kweFilibuster

Kusarudza Kwenyukireya Nokuchinja

Muna 2013, vaDemocrates vakachinja mitemo yeDare kuti igonese kusimbiswa kwenzvimbo dzebazi remakurunhurirwa(kubatanidza dare((neminee) redare risiri reSaundi nevoruzhinji, uye makore mana gare gare, Dare reReparamendi rakakudziridza chinjo kuti isanganisidze kugadzwa kweDare gurusa. Kuchinja kwose kuri kuviri kwakakumbira chinozivikanwa sechisarudzo chenyukireya, kana kuti kubviswa kwomutemo wokukurira kudzongonyedzwa nevoruzhinji.

Ichi chinjo dzakachinja nomutoo mukuru kusimbisa vatongi navakuru vakuru vebazu. Nepo muwiridzi wehurumende anoramba asina kukuvadzwa, vapurezidhendi vanogona zvino kusimbiswa netsigiro yakapfava yoruzhinji, kuchideredza zvikuru mano ebato vashomanene okudzivisa kugadzwa.

Kuyananisa Mari

Mamwe marudzi emitemo anosunungurwa pamutemo wokukurumidza kugadziriswa kwemari, kusanganisira kuronga kuyanana kweCongress kwegore negore, kunoda kuvhota kushoma uye hakugoni kutevedzerwa, uyewo zvibvumirano zvezvokutengeserana zvinotaurirana zvichishandisa mitemo yemauto uye matanho anobatanidza kuvharwa kwenzvimbo kana kuti kutengeswa kwezvombo.

Kurongazve mari yokuyananisa kwazova chifambiso chinokosha zvikuru nemhaka yokuti chinopfuura chaizvoizvo chirevo chehurumende.

Kuchinja Kwechinyakare Pakugadzirwa Kwomutemo

Kushandiswa Kunowedzera Mumakore Achangobva Kupfuura

Kushandiswa kwengurumu, yaichimbochengeterwa nhau dzinoitiranwa nharo zvikurusa bedzi, kwakawedzera zvinoshamisa mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya pamwe chete nokukura kwenzvimbo inogarwa navanhu muWashington, namavhoti anopfuura 2 500 okugumisa nucillbuster chifo cha 1917, uye inopfuura hafu inoitika mumakore 12 chete apfuura. iyi wedzero inoshamisa inoratidzira zvose zviri zviviri kusununguka kwenhau yazvino uno yakanyarara yenziyo yehove nemubatanidzwa werwisano yevaPex.

Kushandiswa kwomuitiro kwenhamba yevana vane ukama hwakaita kuti ubviswe panhau dzenheyo dzakachengeterwa kuva mhinganidzo yetsika yemutemo wose unokosha. Uku kugadziridzwa kwenguva dzose kwakachinja zvikuru mashandire anoita Dare uye magadzirirwe anoita mutemo.

Zvazvakaita Pakushanda Kwedare

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti uku kushandiswa kwakawedzerwa kwakaderedza bhizimisi muDare kukumiswa, kazhinji kazhinji kuchideredza kamuri mukufamba kwetsika panzvimbo pekurukurirano yokuzvidira uye, pakupedzisira, kugadzira mitemo. Kudikanwa kwokuchengeta mavhoti 60 nokuda kwomutemo wakawandasa kunoreva kuti zvikwereti zvakawanda hazvitongogamuchiri kurangarirwa kwouriri, kunyange kana zvine tsigiro hurusa.

Kupararira kwevanambuster kwakatapurawo nzira iyo vatungamiriri veDare vanobata nayo nguva youriri uye mutemo wenzvimbo huru. Vachiziva kuti zvikwereti zvizhinjisa zvichatarisana netyisidziro dzechinobereka, vatungamiriri vanofanira kusarudza nokungwarira kuti matanhoi okuronda ndokushandisa nguva inodikanwa kuvaka mibatanidzwa mikurusa.

Rinister Mundima Yemaoredical Context

Kusvika Kwakasiyana Kwevamiririri Kumba

Imba yavamiriri yakatora nzira yakasiana zvikuru pamusoro pekurukurirano isina kuganhurirwa. Nepo mitemo yeDzimba yapakuvamba yakabvumirawo kurukurirano yakawedzerwa, ukuru hwekamuri racho hwakaita kuti miitiro yakadaro ive isingashandi. Imba yakaumba mitemo yorumano inoganhurira nguva uye yakapa voruzhinji simba rokudzora purogiramu dzemitemo.

Uyu musiyano unosimbisa vara reDare rakasiana seboka rinopa rusununguko zvikuru apo mitezo mimwe nemipato miduku zvinova nesimba guru. Kurapa kwakasiana - siana kunoratidzira mabasa akasiyana anotakurwa namakamuri maviri mumuitiro womutemo, neHouse inosimbisa kushanda zvakanaka nehurumende zhinji apo Dare rinoisa kurangarira nekodzero duku.

Maonero Anoita Nyika Dzose

Dare reUnited States rinoona vanamburuster serisinganzwisisiki mukuenzanisa. Zvigaro zvizhinji zvehurumende zvehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu munyika yose zvinoshanda pamitemo mizhinji, ine mano akaganhurirwa kana kuti isina mano ezviduku kumutemo unovhara zvigaro zvisingaperi. Ikoku kunoita kuti Dare reAmerica risiyane nemwero wesimba rarinopa kumapoka maduku emitemo.

Mimwe miitiro yeparamende ine miitiro yokurebesa kurukurirano kana kuti dziviriro yamaruramiro mashoma, asi vashomanene vanosvika kusimba reAmerican filibuster kudikanwo yetsigiro hurusa yemitemo yavose. Uku kusiana kwakaita kuti chizvarwa chavanabuster chive nhau yefariro yamarudzi ose pakati penyanzvi dzezvamatongerwe enyika namasangano edemokrati.

Makakatanwa Anotsigira Kukosha Kunopfuurira Kwepilibuster

Kuchengetedza Kusiyana Kwedare

Vadziviriri venhevedzo yenhevedzo yehove vanotaura kuti kunokosha kuchengeta basa reDare semuviri unosunungura wakasiana neImba yavamiriri. VaFramers vakarangarira Dare sekamuri rokungwaririra zvikuru, raizodzikamisa zvishuvo zveimba huru. Chinoumba, kunyange kana chisina kuitirwa donzo pakuvamba, chasvika pakubatanidza ichi chiono kupfurikidza nokuraira bvumirano huru nokuda kwechiito chemitemo.

Kubvisa dare rinotsiva, vatsigiri vanotaura kudaro, kungaita kuti Dare rishande zvikuru seImba, kuchideredza mhatsa dzesangano mukati meDare uye kubvisa nzvero inokosha pamutemo wokukurumidzira kana kuti wokunyanyisa. Mitemo yeDare yechienzi, kubatanidza nhabvu, inobetsera kugadziriro yechero nedzikamo zvinotambanukira kupfuura kuparadzana kwamasimba pakati pamapazu.

Kudzivirira Uduku Hwomunguva Yemberi

Chibvumikiso chikuru chokuchengeta filbuster ndechokuti voruzhinji vanhasi vachava pakupedzisira vashomanene. Vaviri vacho vakabetserwa nemwana apo vari vashomanene ndokukushatirwa apo vanenge vari vazhinji. Uku kuparira chimiro chokuzvifadza kukuru mukuchengeta mutemo, sezvo vatengi vanoziva kuti vangada dziviriro yawo munguva yemberi.

Saka filbuster inoshanda segadziriro yeinishuwarenzi yemativi ose ari maviri, ichivimbisa kuti hapana anogona kuvharwa zvachose mumuitiro wemitemo kunyange kana asingakwanisi. Uku kukanganisa kunogona kusimudzira kutsiga, kufanotemwa uye kuodza mwoyo zvimiro zvehondo zvakanyanyisa.

Kukurudzira Kubvumirana Pane Zvisina Kufanira uye Kuva Nemwero

Kupfurikidza nokuda mavhoti 60 kuti afambisire mberi mutemo mukurusa, mugari wehomwe anoparira zvisundo zvakasimba zvokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira nomwero. Mabhiri anofanira kugadzirwa kuti akwidzire kuboka guru kupfuura bedzi boka roruzhinji, iro rinoreva chaizvoizvo kuisa gadziriro dzakanyanyisa uye kubatanidza zvinobatanidzwa kubva mumapoka ose ezvematongerwe enyika.

Iyi pesvedzero inochinja inogona kuita mutemo uyo unoratidzira zviri nani mhatsa yomufungo wavanhu veAmerica uye sezvingabvira zvikuru uchatsungirira chinjo mukudzora kwezvematongerwe enyika. Mitemo inopfuudzwa netsigiro huru yebhipartis kazhinji kazhinji yakadzikama zvikuru uye inofarikanya kuva pamutemo kwavose zvikuru kupfuura iyo inoitwa pamitsetse inobvisa vanhu chose chose.

Kutonga Kwemitemo Nekuburikidza Nebumbiro Remitemo

Zvinodikanwa Zvepamusoro Mubumbiro Remitemo

Nepo filbuster imene isingadudzwi muBumbiro reMitemo, gwaro racho rinoda zvisakiso zvikuru nokuda kwezviito zvakati zvinokosha, kubatanidza zvibvumirano zvapurezidhendirial, zvibvumirano zvinobatanidza, uye kuisa chinjo dzebumbiro remitemo. Izvi zvinoratidzira chitendero chavaFramers kuti zvisarudzo zvakati zvinofanira kuda zvinopfuura tsigiro yoruzhinji rwakapfava.

Chiremba anogona kuonekwa seanotambanudzira iyi nheyo kumutemowo zvawo, achiumba rutivi rwokubatanidza nokuda kwechinjo dzinokosha dzetsika. Nepo vatsoropodzi vanocherekedza kuti Bumbiro reMitemo rinodudza apo zvinhu zvikuru zvinodikanwa uye kazhinji kazhinji rinotora mutemo mukuru wakasiana, vadziviriri vanotaura kuti chimiro chendangariro chemitemo chevanabuster chinowirirana nemitemo yakafara chenzvero nedzikamo.

Kushandira Pamwe Nekodzero Dzokubatana

Chiremba anogona kunzwisiswa sorutivi rwegadziriro yakafara yokudzivirira maruramiro maduku nokudzivisa udzvinyiriri hwakawanda. Kungofanana nehurumende inodzivirira fariro dzohurumende pakunzverwa kworudzi, uye Bill of Rights inodzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu oga mukurwisana noruzhinji ruchada, mwana anenge achidzivirira vana vaduku vanotonga mukurwisana nokudzora kukuru.

Iyi dziviriro inokosha zvikurukuru munzanga yakasiana - siana, ine mhatsa umo nharaunda dzakasiana - siana, fariro, uye mirangariro zvinofanira kuva pamwe chete.

Basa Revaviri Mukuzvidavirira Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kuparira Kuona Zvakanaka uye Kupokanidzana Kwavose

Apo mabhiri anotarisana netyisidziro dzezvikwereti dzinotyisidzirwa, kurukurirano dzinovapo nekurukurirano dzinovapo mukuona kwavanhu, kuchibvumira vagari vemo kunzwisisa nhau dziri mungozi nenzvimbo dzavamiririri vavo.

Uku kujeka kunogona kuvandudza kuzvidavirira kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kupfurikidza nokukuita kwakaoma kumhanya nomumitemo pasina kuongororwa navanhu. Nguva inodikanwa kuvaka mubatanidzwa wezvikamu 60 unopa mapoka echiwaniro, zvinobudisa nhau, uye vagari vemo mabanza okurangarira pamusoro pomutemo unomirira ndokudzvinyirira vatevedzeri vavo kutsigira kana kuti kushora matanho akati.

Kuparadzira Mutoro

Mutongi wehurumende anoparadzira mutoro wezvamatongerwe enyika zvakafara zvikuru kupfuura mutemo mukuru bedzi. Apo mutemo unoda tsigiro yebipartisan kuti ipfuure, vose vari vaviri vanogoverana mbiri nokuda kwebudiriro nemhosva nokuda kwokundikano. Ikoku kunogoverana mutoro kunogona kuderedza kombamiro yokuisa zvigaro zvokusasarura chose chose ndokukurudzira bvumirano inovaka zvikuru nedenho dzemiitiro.

Kana zvinetso zvinokosha zvikasaitwa, vashoma havagoni kungopomera voruzhinji asi vanofanira kutsanangura chikonzero nei vakasarudza kurambidza mhinduro dzinokarakadzwa panzvimbo pokukurukura kubvumirana pane kubvumirana.

Makakatanwa Apanguva Ino uye Kuchinja Zvinhu

Chiratidzo Chokutaura

Vamwe vachinji vanotaura kuti mugari wenhaka anofanira kudzorerwa kumavambo ake, umo vatsigiri vaidikanirwa kuisa uriri ndokutaura kwenguva refu kunonotsa mutero, nechinjo ingagona kubetsera zvikwereti zvikuru kuti vashomanene vanodisa kuvhara nokungwarira asi kwete nomutoo wakanyanyisa. Chikarakadzo ichi chaizochengeta mwana achidzivisa kuoneka zvikuru uye kunodhura mune zvamatongerwe enyika.

Vatarisiri vanobvunza kuti vabate zvomenemene vangaita kuti vanambuya vave vakaoma zvikuru kutsigira uye vangamanikidza avo vanoshandisa nzira yacho kururamisa chishoro chavo pachena. Uku kuoneka kwakawedzerwa kungagona kuwedzera kuzvidavirira apo kuchengetedza mano evoruzhinji okunonotsa mutemo wavanoramba zvakasimba.

Kukurukurirana Kuchichinja Kunoramba Kuchienderera

Nharo pamusoro pekuchinja kwevana vari muvana dzinopfuurira kuchinja nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwe enyika. Zvikarakadzo zvakasiyana - siyana zvakakarakadzwa, kubatanidza kuderedza kuvhara pasi pemavhoti 60, kuchiparira kusachinja kwemarudzi akati emitemo, kana kuti kushandisa "mwero unoderera" apo vhoti dzinoda kuderedza kuvhara nokufamba kwenguva.

Kuwana dzikamo yakarurama kunoramba kuri chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru mune zvematongerwe enyika zveAmerica zvemitemo, zvichiguma nokupfuura zvikuru nzira yeDare kumibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pokudzora kwoutongi hwehurumende.

Revo Yakafara yeFilibuster

Chiratidzo Chetsika Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika dzeAmerica

Kupfuura tapuro dzayo dzinoshanda, filbuster yazova chiratidzo chetsika nemitemo zvezvamatongerwe enyika zveAmerica. Inomirira kuzvipira kurangarira pamusoro pokusanoita zvakanaka, bvumirano pamusoro pomutemo wakapfava woruzhinji, uye maruramiro avanhu vashoma pamusoro pokudzora kukuru. Iyi mipimo, nepo pane dzimwe nguva ichikangaidza kuavo vanotsvaka chinjo yemitemo yokukurumidza, inoratidzira itiro hanya huru dzeAmerica pamusoro pesimba rakanangidzirwa neudzvinyiriri hwavazhinji.

Ukuru hwemonilbuster muhurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica − kuoneka mumabhaisikopo, mabhuku, uye tsika dzakakurumbira — kunoratidzira ukoshi hwayo sohunopfuura mutemo wetsika. Inobatanidza kurukurirano huru pamusoro pokuti utongi hwechidhori hunofanira kushanda sei uye kuti mipimoi inofanira kutungamirira kuita chisarudzo chemitemo.

Kutapura Miuyo Yemitemo

Chiratidzo chinofanira kuitwa kuti chive chokukwezva kutsigira kukuru, uko kunoreva kudzivisa gadziriro dzinoitirana nharo kana kuti dzakanyanyisa. Chinodikanwa ichi chinogona kutungamirira kuchinjo dzine mwero zvikuru, dzemitemo dzinodzorwa panzvimbo pechinjo dzinokatyamadza.

Nepo iyi pesvedzero inochinja ichikangaidza avo vanotsvaka chinjo, inogonawo kuita mitemo yakasimba zvikuru netsigiro huru yavose. Kutapura kwechinoparira miuyo nokudaro kunoratidzira kushambadzirana kukuru pakati pechishuvo chechiito choushingi noukoshi hwetsiga nebvumirano.

Betsero Huru Dzokudzora Kwazvino Uno

  • inodzivirira maruramiro ebato maduku: The filbuster inovimbisa kuti boka duku rinochengeta pesvedzero ine revo pamitemo, kuchidzivisa voruzhinji kudzora chose chose muitiro womutemo.
  • Kurangarira kwakakwana: Kupfurikidza nokuda kurukurirano yatambanudzwa nekurukurirano, nhaibuster inosimudzira kurangarirwa kwokungwarira kwemitemo uye inobetsera kuziva zvinetso zvingava zvikwereti zvisati zvava mutemo.
  • Tsinhirano yePromotes bipartisan: [61] Mukova unoparira zvisungo 60 zvebatira pamwe yepakati, kuchitungamirira kumutemo unoratidza zvinobatanidzwa kubva kumativi ose.
  • Inopa mutemo wokukurumidzira:[[FLT: 1] Nhumbu inobatira sebhurukwa pakuita zvisarudzo kwokukurumidzira, ichivimbisa kuti chinjo huru dzemiitiro dzinowana nzvero yakakwana nekurukurirano.
  • mirau inonyanyisa zvikarakadzo zvakanyanyisa: Kudikanwa kwokuvaka mibatanidzwa mihombe kunoda zvikurukuru kugadziridza gadziriro dzinoitiranwa nharo zvikurusa dzomutemo, kuchiparira miuyo yemiitiro yakawanda.
  • Provide tsiye nyoro mukuchinja kwezvamatongerwe enyika: Kupfurikidza nokuda tsigiro huru, nucbuster inobetsera kudzivisa chinjo dzemiitiro yechienzi apo kudzora maoko ehurumende kunochinja.
  • Mitemo yemitemo inoitwa nemitemo: inowanzofarikanya kuva pamutemo kukuru zvikuru uye sezvingabvira zvikuru ichagamuchirwa mumativi ose ezvematongerwe enyika.
  • Dziviriro muzvinhu zvikuru zvechinguvana: The filbuster inodzivisa mipamhi, ingagona kuva miganhu mipfupi inopfuura nokuratidzira chinjo huru idzo dzingasaratidzira murangariro wavanhu unotsiga.
  • Areserve vara rinosiyanisa reDare: Bheibulister inobetsera kuchengeta basa reDare somutumbi unobvisa zvikuru, wakasiana neImba hurusa yaVamiriri.
  • Inopa mutoro wezvamatongerwe enyika: Kupfurikidza nokuda batira pamwe yebipartisan, nhairubhi inovimbisa kuti vose vari vaviri vanogoverana mutoro nokuda kwebudiriro dzemitemo nokundikano.

Kunzwisisa Nzvimbo yeFilibuster Muhurumende Yechido Chose yeAmerica

Chiremba ane nzvimbo yakaoma uye pane dzimwe nguva inopesana muhurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji yeAmerica panguva imwe cheteyo inopa simba nokuvhiringidza, inodzivirira neinovhiringidza, inosimudzira kurangarira uye inogonesa kukanganisa. Kunzwisisa ukoshi hwayo kunoda kurwisana neaya dzvinyiriro uye kuziva kuti pane nharo dzapamutemo pamativi akawanda enharo pamusoro poukoshi hwayo neramangwana.

Nokuda kwaavo vanotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti hurumende yeAmerica inoshanda sei, filbuster inogovera nzwisiso yakakomba yemipimo noushanyi zvakasimbiswa mugadziriro yedu yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kunoratidzira kuda wirirano pamusoro pokusanoita zvakanaka, kuitira hanya pamusoro poudzvinyiriri hwevoruzhinji, uye kuzvipira kudzivirira maruramiro mashomanene (kunyange kana kuita kudaro kuchisvika pakurasikirwa nokubudirira kwemitemo.

Gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro penguva yemberi yavanairubuster richapfuurira kuumba matongerwe enyika eAmerica kwamakore anouya. Kunyange akachengetwa, akachinjwa, kana kuti kubviswa zvichava nerevo huru nokuda kwemashandire anoita Dare, kuti imitemoi inogona kuitwa, uye kuti utongi hwehurumende hwechiAmerica hunodzikamisa sei mipimo inokwikwidzana yokudzora kunobudirira nekodzero shomanene.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pemiitiro yeDare uye mutoo wemitemo, shanyira U.S. peji yapamutemo yeDare pavanaribuster neramaronda. Avo vanofarira kunzvera mirangariro yakasiana pavanaricbuster vanogona kunzvera zviwanikwa kubva kumasangano akafanana Brooking Sport [, izvo zvinogovera kunzvera kwavadzidzi nhau yenhau yePrigbuster nenharo. [[FLT:]] Brenan Center yeChiregicro chaMakuru inopa mashoko okuwedzera pamusoro penzira yemibato yeDirubuster nerevo dzayo.

Kunzwisisa filbuster kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti Dare reUnited States rinoshanda sei uye kuti mutemo unofamba sei kupfurikidza neCongress. Nepo gakava pamusoro pezvinodikanwa zvaro richaramba riri rutivi runorondedzera rwezvamatongerwe enyika zvemitemo yeAmerica, miuyo yetsika inoumba nokusawirirana kukuru mukudzora kwoutongi hwehurumende yehurumende nekodzero shomanene, kufambira mberi nokuronga, chinjo nedzikamo.