Michina yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica inogona kazhinji kazhinji kunzwa isina mufungo, iripo pakati pemabhuku ezvidzidzo zvehurumende zvechikoro chapamusoro nezvinoitika zvakakwirira zvesarudzo usiku. Mitemo mishomanene inoumba uku kunyanduka kukuru kupfuura Electoral College. Yakagadzwa munhambo yapamberi pemitengo yehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji, inoramba iri muitiro wakakwana wokusarudza mutungamiriri ane simba zvikurusa munyika. Kuva mutendi, kunzwisisa iyi muitiro haisiwo muitiro wedzidzowo zvayo; kudikanwa kunoshanda kwokunzwisisa uko simba rezvamatongerwe enyika rinogara zvirokwazvo uye kuti muitikirwo rwomunzvimbomo runoumba sei muuyo worudzi. Iyi nyaya ino inoputsa pasi maidikanwa pamusoro pezvisaririra zvose zvinokosha munyika.

Kunyora Kunotevedzerwa neBumbiro reMitemo: Mavambo Nekungwarira

Electoral College yakanga isiri donzo rinokosheswa zvikuru reChinyorwa chaMadzibaba, asi panzvimbo pezvo kubvumirana papamutemo kwakarovanywa mukati meConvention of Constitution ye1787. Nhume dzakakamuraniswa. Dzimwe dzakarevererwa nokuda kwevhoti yakakurumbira yakaitwa navagari vemo. Dzimwe dzakadavira kuti Congress inofanira kusarudza purezidhendi. Chikamu chechitatu chaiitirana nharo nokuda kwemitemo kuti ibatisise simba. Electal College yakabuda senzira ye [[[FLT:] middle nzira yenhau yakakurumbira neyokudzikamisa pesvedzero yezvigaro zvikuru nezviduku apo chaichengeta mwero wokuparadzana pakati pechikamu chehurumende nebazi.

Munsi meConnecticut Relation, Imba yavamiriri yaifanira kugoverwa navagari vemo, uye Dare raizopa mufananidzo wakaenzana kuhurumende imwe neimwe. Electoral College yairatidzira ichi chimiro. Chiverengero chavavhoti chinoenzana nomufananidzo wacho wose muCongress (Imba + Dare). Ichi nenzira yapakuvamba chakapa nyika duku simba rakati kurei zvikuru pahurumende imwe neimwe kupfuura nyika huru, rutivi runoramba rwuri rutivi rukuru rwegakava nhasi.

Achinyora muFederal List No. 68, Alexander Hamilton akadzivirira gadziriro, achiitirana nharo kwaizova nechokwadi chokuti hofisi yapurezidhendi haisati yaizotongowira kumunhu upi noupi akanga a “sina kupiwa nenzira yakatanhamara nezvinodikanwa. Vavambi vakatya bviro nokuda kwe "chisarudzo nevhiringidziko" muchisarudzo chakananga uye vakadavira kuti boka duku ravavhoti vakachenjera ringagona kuita sechenjero mukurwisana nechishuvo chakakurumbira kana kuti pesvedzero yokumwe nyika. Uku kusavimba nehurumende inotonga kwakananga kunoumbwa muruvara chakananga rwesangano.

Chokwadika, gadziriro yapakuvamba yakanga inewo kubvumirana kwakasiana pamusoro pouranda. Vatatu-Fiths Kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, uko kwakarangarira vanhu vakapinzwa muuranda sevamiriri vatatu vomunhu (uye nokudaro vhoti dzevhoti), vakapa hurumende dzokuMadokero wedzero wewedzero wewedzero musarudzo yapurezidhendi kwamakumi amakore, kuchipesvedzera zvakananga miuyo yeRepublic yapakuvamba. Iyi nhaka inhau isati iri yesundo huru yenhau yeElectoral College.

Michina yeKoreji Yazvino Uno

Nhasi, Electoral College ine 538 vavhoti va588, nevoruzhinji 270 vevavhoti vakasarudzwa vanoda kuhwina chigaro. Muitiro wacho wakanatswa nezvinogadziridzwa nebumbiro remitemo nemitemo yenyika, zvichipfuura zvikuru chiono chapakuvamba chavasaruri vanozvimirira vanoshandisa chisarudzo chavo vamene.

Kuchinja Kwevarapi

Nhamba yavavhoti vehurumende imwe neimwe inosarudzwa makore gumi ari ose neChiverengero cheU.S. nyika dzine vagari vemo vakawanda dzine mavhoti akawanda akasarudzwa. California ina 54, Texas 40, uye Florida 30. Panguva ino, nyika duku dzakadai seWyoming, Vermont, uye Alaska dzine zvishoma zvenhatu. Garamende ya 23 yakapa Distal of Columbia vavhoti vatatu, ichivimbisa kuti vagari vedzimbahwe renyika yacho vane inzwi musarudzo yapurezidhendi.

Chikamu Chezvisingashandisi Manzwi Nechisarudzo Chavarwi

Apo muvhoti anokanda chivhoti chemutengi wapurezidhendi, ivo vavhotera nenzira yemari yezvokuvhota nokuda kwe " bhita revavhoti vakavimbisa kumuvhoti. Ava vavhoti mitezo yakavimbika yapamubato, vatsigiri, kana kuti vakuru vakuru vemo. Nepo vavambi vakaronga kuva vavhoti kuti vazvimiririre, zvino vanodokuva vakasungwa chose chose nokuvimbika kwebato nomutemo wehurumende.

Mune 48 maruwa ne District yeColumbia, mudaviri anowana vhoti yakakurumbira mukati mehurumende iyoyo anogamuchira mavhoti ayo ose akasarudzwa. Iyi ndiyo nzira ye "winner-tatell". Maine neNebraska inopfuura mativi ose, vachishandisa muenzaniso woruwa umo vhoti mbiri dzinopiwa mukundi wehurumende yose, uye vhoti imwe inosarudzwa inopiwa kumuwiridziri weruwa rumwe norumwe.

Vazivisi Vasina Kutenda

Chii chinoitika kana muvhoti akaputsa rubatso rwake uye mavhoti omumwe munhu? Ava vavhoti vasina kutenda" vakaoneka panhambo nenhambo munhau yose, asi havana kutongochinja muuyo wesarudzo. Kutaura nezvaikoku, Dare Rapamusorosarudzo rakasarudza nokubvumirana mu Chiafalo v. Washington [20] [ichi chinoreva chiremera chemitemo chokuranga kana kuti kubvisa vasaruri vasina kutenda. Chisarudzo ichi chakasimbisa simba rehurumende uye vhoti yakasununguka pamusoro porutongeso rwazvino unogarwa rweEC seratidzirwo rwakachena rwehurumende.

Kubatana Netsamba

Muna December, vavhoti vanosangana mumadzimbahwe avo ehurumende akasiyana kuti vavhote. Mavhoti aya ipapo anotumirwa kuCongress, uko vanoverengwa murusando runobatanidza muna January. Mutungamiriri weSanihe, saPrezidhendi weDare, anotungamirira paichi chiverengero. Uyu muitiro, kazhinji kazhinji muitiro, wakanzverwa zvikuru pashure paJanuary 6, 2021. Ellectoral Reform Act yakarevedzerwa kujekesa basa raPrezidhendi saanoshumira chete uye kukwidza mutezo nokuda kwokusabvumirana, kusimbisa mutemo nokutamisirwa kwakarongwa kwoukurungwe.

Electoral College Nejeri: Ukama Hwakaoma Kunzwisisa

Electoral College inoumba zvikurukuru nzira yokuita nayo nhimbe dzapurezidhendi uye, somugumisiro, rudzi rwokubatanidzwa mune zvematongerwe enyika nokuda kwamamiriyoni evaAmerica.

Sung States v.

Muuyo wakananga zvikurusa pamuvhoti ndimo mungave vanorarama mumugariro we "kufamba" kana kuti "mugariro wakakotsekana". ... shawing nyika [ (kana kuti nyika dzehondo) ndedziya umo muuyo unenge usina chokwadi. Mumitemo yazvino uno, idzodzi dzakabatanidza nyika dzakafanana nePennsylvania, Michigan, Consiana, Georgia, neNevada. Candida inopa chiverengero chikurusa chepfuma yavo, mibato, uye mibato iyi.

Nenzira inopesana, vavhoti mu nyika dzakakotsekana vhoti yakakotsekana nokuda kwomumwe mubato kana kuti mumwe. MuRepabhuliki muCalifornia kana kuti Democrat muAlabama anganzwa aora mwoyo, kuziva kuti vhoti yavo yapurezidhendi ichanyatsova nechokwadi chokudzorwa nevoruzhinji vebato rinoshora. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kukuderedza zororo redivi rezvamatongerwe enyika uye pfungwa yokusatendeuka kwezvamatongerwe enyika, pasinei zvapo neava vavhoti yakakurumbira yenyika.

Chokwadi Chacho Nezvikamu Zvechitatu Zvemasvomhu

Gadziriro yeEC inoita mhinganidzo huru yendangariro neurongwa nokuda kwavada kutora kwechitatu. Kuti ahwine uzhinji hwevhoti dzinovhota, muda kukwidza zvimwe zviremera zvakananga kana kuti kumanikidza kusarudzwa kwechikamu muImba yavamiririri. Uyu "mubati weiwinner" mukuru anoranga zvikuru asi asina kudzika tsigiro. Mutsigiri wechitatu anowana 5% yavavhoti muvhoti. Aya masimba anovhotera mu "Musarudzi wezvakaipa zviviri" calculus, umo kuvhotera kwokuda kunoonekwa so "kuvhotera" kana kuti kushatisa rudzi rwebato guru.

Mutsigiri wechitatu wokupedzisira kuwina vhoti dzipi nedzipi dzevhoti ainzi George Wallace muna 1968. Chifo chezvokunge panguva iyoyo, vanoda kubhabhatidzwa saRoss Perot (1992, 1996) naGary Johnson (2016) vakakundikana kuputsa mhinganidzo yeEC pasinei zvapo nokuhwina mamiriyoni amavhoti, vachisimbisa kutsinhana kwegadziriro yacho.

Kusarudzwa Kwacho: Imba Inosarudza

Kana pasina muvhoti wavavhoti 270, Bumbiro reMitemo rinoraira kuti Imba yavamiririri isarudze purezidhendi. Zvisinei, muchisarudzo chemagen’a, nhume imwe neimwe yeImba imwe inovhota rimwe. Ikoku kunochinja zvinoshamisa simba, sezvo nyika duku dzinoshandisa pesvedzero imwe cheteyo nemibatanidzwa mikuru. Iyi gadziriro yakangoshandiswa bedzi kaviri: muna 1801 (kusarudza Thomas Jefferson) uye 1825 (kusarudza John Quncincy Adams). Munhambo yazvino uno, rutivi rwechitatu rweratidziro yaigona kunyandura nyore nyore nyore ichi chinoitika, ichitungamirira kunjodzi yokuva nomugariro wezvamatongerwe enyika usingaenzaniswi.

Nharo Huru: Kutsoropodza uye Kukarakadza Chinjo

Vatsigiri varo nevashori vose vanoisa nharo dzinogombedzera mumhiko dzezvinofanira kuva zvehurumende yeAmerica.

Kutsoropodza Kwounyoro

Kutsoropodza kwakatanhamara zvikurusa ibviro ye "muwinchi wedage" .Akawana anowana sachigaro achirasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira. Ikoku kwakaitika kashanu munhau yeU.S.: muna 1824 (John Quincy Adams), 1876 (Rutherford B. Hayes), 188 (Benjamin Harrison), 2000 (George W. Bush), na 2016 (Dad J. Trump). Munhambo yeRepublication yakakomba, pfungwa yokuti purezidhendi anogona kusarudzwa pasina kuva vazhinji zvikuru vhotaro yorudzi inobvisa maruramiro anorangarirwa ehofisi.

Kupfuura mukaha wevhoti yakakurumbira, vatsoropodzi vanopa pesvedzero yapamhene kunyika duku. Nepo urwu rwakanga rwuri rutivi rwamaune kuvimbisa kuumbwa kwomubatanidzwa, runoputsa nheyo yehurumende yazvino uno yemutengo wezvamatongerwe enyika. Muvhoti muWyoming ane simba rokuvhota romuvhoti muCalifornia mukuwirirana namavhoti ehurumende.

Kupfuurirazve, gadziriro inoparira chinetso chadudzwa pamusoro pe "nyika dzakakotsekana," vada kuodza mwoyo pakurwisa mumativi makuru enyika. Zvikuva zvemitemo zvinowirirana bedzi neitiro hanya dzokuvhota hurumende, zvichisiya zvinodikanwa zvoruzhinji zvisina korona. Pakupedzisira, mukundi anowana wetsika anogona kudzvinyirira muvhoti, sezvo mavambo ebato mumugariro wakakotsekana ane sundo shoma yokutendeukira nokuda kwenhangemutange yapurezidhendi apo muuyo wacho unenge uri mhedziso.

Chikarakadzo chikuru chechinjo iNational Popular Vote Interstate Convention. Ichi chibvumirano pakati pehurumende kumugamuchiri wose wevhoti dzadzo dzinosarudzwa kumukundi [[FLT: 0]] vhoti yakakurumbira yavose , pasinei zvapo nokuti ndiani anokunda nyika yavo. Komonisirota bedzi kana ichimirira voti zhinjisa (270).

Kusvikira muna 2024, 17 dzinotaura ne D.C. dzakakumbanira mavhoti, anomirira 209 avavhoti. Uku kutevera kunofuratira kudikanwa kwekugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo, vachishandisa simba remitemo rehurumende kusarudza nzira yokugovera nayo vasaruri. Vatsigiri vanoipikisa kuti inochengeta Electoral College , nepo vachivimbisa kuti muwani wedare rinovhota zvikurusa munyika yose. Vatsoropodzi vanoidana kuti simba rehurumende uye ingatungamirira kuzvinetso zvakatowedzera, zvakadai sezvinonangidzirwa pamisika mikuru yenhau, inokwikwikwidzana pachikero chenyika, uye inoregeredza chirongwa chenyika. Nokuda kwoudza, shanyo huru, [FLD:] National.

Kuchinja Kumwe: Purogiramu uye Kuchinja Kunoitwa

Mumwe mugadziri wemienzaniso anotevedzera nzira yeMaine/Nebraska: kutora mumwe muvhoti paruwa rwamasangano uye maviri kumuwiri wenyika yose. Ikoku kungaita kuti sarudzo dzive dzamakwikwi zvikuru muhurumende. Zvisinei, vatsoropodzi vanoonesa kuti ikoku kwaizongobvisa nzvimbo yehondo kubva kunyika kuenda kumaruwa akadzorwa, kuchiita kuti zvigova zvakashata zvikuru.

Muenzanisiro unogoverwa muwirirano, umo muvhoti mumwe nomumwe anogamuchira mugove wevhoti dzakakurumbira dzakaenzana nechikamu chavo chevhoti muhurumende iyoyo, ndiimwe nzira. Ikoku kungaratidzira nenzira yakarurama zvikuru chinodikanwa chehurumende. Zvisinei, kungagona kuguma namakamu matatu anowina mavhoti akasarudzwa ndokukuita kuti kuve kwakaomera muvhoti upi noupi kusvika pachikumbaridzo 270, sezvingabvira kuisa sarudzo iri yose kuImba yavamiriri.

Mhaka Yokudzivirira

Vadziviriri veElectoral College vanotaura kuti iko rusvingo rwakakomba rwe dziviriro yemari inodzorwa nemhepo. U.S. haisi hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu imwe chete asi mubatanidzwa wevatongi vasinganyanyi kudzorwa. EC inoratidzira iyi gadziriro kupfurikidza nokuda kuti vakwidziridzirirwe mubatanidzwa wakafara zvikuru. Mutevedzeri anofanira kukunda achigura maruwa akasiyana, achidzivisa chinoitika apo mutevedzeri anowana nokukwidza micheto mikuru mumaguta mashomanene avanhu vakawanda.

Vatsigiri vanopikisawo kuti Electoral College inodzivirira inzwi renyika duku nenharaunda dzomumaruwa pakudzorwa chose chose nenzvimbo huru dzeguta dzinoita kuti vhoti ive yakakurumbira yorudzi. Pasina EC, vapurezidhendi vaigona kukunda nenzira yekuti vaigona kukunda nokutsvaira California, Texas, Florida, New York, uye dzimwe nyika duku shomanana, vachifuratira zvachose kunetseka kweindasitiri yeMidwaster kana kuti kuMadokeroma. EC inomanikidza nhimbe yokuvara zvamazvirokwazvo yorudzi, kana kuti kutosiyana - siyana.

Vanorambawo gadziriro yacho inogovera [[FLT: 0] kuva nechokwadi. Kukunda kutora mutemo wose kunoparira migumisiro yakajeka. Kumanikidza kukwikwidza mapurisa ane mwero mukati memitemo mikuru, panzvimbo pokuisa panzvimbo yazvo bedzi mavambo makuru kuti vapedze. Vatsigiri vanonongedzerawo kurusaruro rwenhau rwerudzi murusarudzo rwepedyo, nepo chivako chehurumende-musiEC chinowana mashoko akajeka, maererano nemamiriro enhau. Nokuda kwemashoko akawanda enhau, [[FLT:] . na[FLT] [FF:] BRANCE]

Zvazvinoreva Kwauri Somutsigiri Wezvinhu

Kunzwisisa Electoral College kunokosha pakufamba - famba kwenzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika yeUnited States.

Kana uchigara munyika inochinja, vhoti yako yapurezidhendi ine simba rinoonekwa iro rinoitirwa shanje nevavhoti munyika dzakakotsekana.

Kana uchigara mumugariro wakakotsekana, simba rako harina kunanga zvikuru. Nepo vhoti yapurezidhendi wako inganzwa yakafanorongwa, basa rako mukuumba vhoti yakakurumbira yenyika richiri kutaura kune simba. Uyezve, simba rako mu mumijaho yakadzika-dzika [ (Sate, House, Gavhuna, State Legislature) ihuru. Idzi ndudzi dzinotapura zvakananga muitiro wokuvhotera, kusimbiswa kwavatongi venyika, uye mitemo yehurumende inodzora kutungamirira dare reSarudzo. Kazhinji kazhinji, nzira inobudirira zvikurusa yokupesvedzera Elmectoral College kupfurikidza nomuitiro mukuru wokuvimbisa vakwikwikwikwidza uye kupfurikidza nokuvhotera munyika.

Pakupedzisira, Electoral College ibhuku remitemo yemutambo unotevedzerwa zvikurusa muAmerica. Kana uchitsigira kuivandudza, kuibvisa, kana kuti kuidzivirira, kunzwisisa makambani ayo inhano yokutanga kukunzwa inzwi rako. Kuzivisa hofisi, asi kunzwisisawo gadziriro iya inoshanda mukati. Nokuda kwokuwedzera kurava pamusoro pomutemo wesarudzo namaruramiro evoti, Brenan Center yeRuramisiro inopa upfumi hwenzvero, uye [[FLT:] Vairte] Fairte inhungamiro yokunzwisisa gadziriro yokuchinja.