Gadziriro yemitemo igadziriro yegadziriro yetsika dzenzanga, inogovera mutoo wakarongeka wokupedza rwisano nemirairo inomanikidzirwa. Papakati peidzo tsika ino inochinja kuva nzvimbo mbiri dzakasiana: mutemo wavagari vemo nomutemo woutsotsi. Nepo fungidziro dzakakurumbira kazhinji kazhinji dzinowedzera zvikanganiso zviviri, kunzwisisa kuparadzana kwavo kunokosha nokuda kwebhizimisi, nhau dzomunhu oga, kana kuti miuyo yavose. Kuedza kwomubatanidzwa wehurumende idivi rapamutemo rekodzero dzavanhu kana kuti dzenyika. Kutonga kwoutsotsi imhoshoro yezvakashata zvavose, inotongwa nehurumende. Mitengo, mipimo, zvibvumikiso zvoufakazi, miuyo yavose yakasiana zvikuru nemhesano yetsika. Iyi nhungamiro inzvero yeruramisiro inopesana nokupesana kwemitengo, procrameodro, uye kudzo dzehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Hwaro hwoMutemo Wavagari Vemo: Kupedza Gakava Rapachivande

Mutemo wehurumende unodzora ukama, zvibvumirano, uye kufambidzana kwevagari vemo vemo nemabhizimisi.

Chii Chinoparira Chivi Chavagari Vemo?

Nhau dzavagari vemo dzinogona kumuka kubva mumhatsa huru yemigariro, kazhinji kazhinji inoiswa mumativi akati omutemo:

  • [ Tsinga: Idzi ndidzo zvikanganiso zvevagari vemo zvinoparira kuvadziko kana kuti kurasikirwa. Negligence (mutoo, tsaona yemotokari inoparirwa nomutyairi akatsauswa), kuzvidza (ruzvidzo kana kuti kuchera), bhatiri, uye kunyengera zvose zvinowira pasi pomutemo.
  • Contract Dispect Dission: Apo mumwe munhu anokundikana kuita misengwa yavo mubvumirano inosungirwa pamutemo, mumwe munhu angapa mhaka nokuda kwokuputswa kwebvumirano. Ikoku kunofukidza chinhu chiri chose kubva pakukundikana kuripira nokuda kwemibato kusvikira kukuputsa chibvumirano chisiri chesundo.
  • [ Mutemo wakanyorwa: Unoramba pamusoro pohuri hwevhu, nhau dzinoda muridzi wenzvimbo, kana kuti kuvadziko kunzvimbo inopedzwa kupfurikidza nezviito zvehurumende.
  • Mutemo Wemhuri:[ kurambana, kuchengetwa kwavana, uye kurera mwana wokurera inhau dzehurumende.

Mitambo Nemitoro Yayo

Mukutonga kwehurumende, mubato unopa mhaka itsoropodzi. Mutevedzeri anokwidziridzwa mukwidzi. Mutengi anotakura mutoro wechibvumikiso, icho chiri kuisa mberi kwoufakazi[. Iyi nhevedzo inoda mutongi kuti atendere mutongi kana kuti mutongi kuti shanduro yavo yamaidi ive yechokwadi zvikuru kupfuura kusavapo (kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inorondedzerwa se "50% pamwe chete nomupimo wemipimo werivavanzi"). Nemhaka yokuti muuyo unoganhurirwa zvikuru kukuvadziko yemari kana kuti kuyamura kusingachinjiki, mutemo unoisa mutoro wakaderera wezvibvumikiso zvakaenzana nemhosva. Zvikuru, vatongi havana mutemo unovakwa kudare rinosarudzwa. Kana mumirirwi asingagoni kuzvimirira murwi mutongo wavagari vegweta.

Kurapa Nokusunungurwa Munhema Dzehurumende

Chinangwa chokupedzisira chokutongwa kwehurumende mushonga wemupurisa.

  • `Remedies's (Dameges): Dare rinoraira mukwiridziri kubhadhara mari kumupomeri. Ikoku kunogona kubatanidza kuvadziko dzokutsiva (nokurasikirwa chaikoiko) uye chirango (chinoiswa kuranga mufambiro unonyadzisa ndokudzivisa vamwe).
  • Hurumende isingasaruri: Dare rinoraira mukwiridziri kuita kana kuti kurega kuita chiito chakati. Ikoku kunobatanidza mirairo (muchirevo, kumisa kambani kushandisa chakavanzika chebasa rakabiwa) uye basa chairo (umh., kumanikidza mutengesi kuendesa chikamu chakasiana chezvinhu sechipikirwa mubvumirano).

Kuratidza Murayiro Woutsotsi: Kuranga Zvisakarurama Pahurumende

Mutemo weutsotsi itsika yakasiana ine donzo rakasiana. Inomirira simba rehurumende kurondedzera nokuranga miitiro inorangarirwa kuva isingagamuchiriki munzanga. Chiito choutsotsi hachisati chiri bedzi chakaipa mukurwisana nanyajambwa; chinorangarirwa kuva kuputswa kworugare rwavose nenhevedzano. Naizvozvo, hurumende //kudzorwa, hurumende, kana kuti nzvimbo, inobatira somuchuchisi nokuda kwavanhu.

Kurondedzera Mufambiro Weutsotsi

Utsotsi hunorondedzerwa nomutemo uye hunowanzorongwa noukombi. Felonies[ imhosva dzakakomba dzinorangwa nokusungwa kwerinopfuura gore rimwe, zvakadai sokuponda, umbavha, uye kubiridzira. [[FLT]] [[FLT]] imhosva shomanene, kufanana nokuba kana kuti kudenha kwakapfava, kurangwa negore rimwe mujeri kana kuti rakaisvonaka. Muroveredzi anofanira kubvumikisa zvinhu zviviri kudzivirira kutendwa: chiito chemhosva ([[FLT]]] [FLD]5]]) uye pfungwa yemhosva ([FFFFT]

Mupimo Wakakwirira Zvikurusa: Kupfuura Kupanikira Kune Mufungo

Nemhaka yokuti kupwiswa kweutsotsi kunogona kutorera munhu rusununguko rwake, tsika yapamutemo inoisa mupimo wakakwirira zvikurusa woufakazi: kupfuure kupanikira kune mufungo[. Ikoku kunoreva kuti murovereri anofanira kubvumikisa mhaka yomukwiridziri kusvikira kumwero wakadaro zvokuti munhu ane mufungo angava asingazenguriri kuita chiito pamhedziso iyoyo munhau dzinokosha zvikurusa dzoupenyu hwake amene. Iyi mupimo unodzivirira vasina mhaka kupfurikidza nokuita kuti kuve kwakaomera zvikuru hurumende kuwana rupwiso rusingapwiswi zvikuru. Mukwiridzirwi anorangarirwa asina mhaka mumuitiro wose uye haana musengwa wokupa ufakazi hupi nohupi kana kuti kupupurira.

Kuchengetedza Kunopomerwa Bumbiro Romutemo

Bumbiro Remitemo reUnited States rinodzivirira zvikuru vanhu vanopomerwa mhosva, kusanganisira:

  • Akarurama Kuzano (Mwendedzero yechi6):[ Kana mukwirirwi asingagoni kubhadhara gweta, hurumende inofanira kugovera munhu pachena.
  • Kudzivirirwa paKumwe Kunorevererwa (Kuchinja kwechishanu): Munhu haagoni kutongwa kaviri nokuda kwemhosva imwe cheteyo pashure pokusapiwa mhaka kana kuti kutenderwa.
  • Kukutonga Kwekurumidziro Nekwechi6 (Edzisi 6 Amendment): kunodzivisa kusungwa kusingachinjiki nokuitwa pachivande.
  • [ Kudzivirirwa Munzvero Isingashandiswi Nechisino mufungo (4th Amendment): Kunoda mapurisa kuwana maruramiro akavakirwa pachisakiso chinobvira mumigariro mizhinjisa.

Misiyano Huru Pakati Pomutemo Wevagari Vemo Nowematsotsi

Kunzwisisa kusiyana kwakaita zvinhu zviviri izvi pamitemo kunokosha kuti tifanoona kuti nyaya yacho ichabuda sei.

Chinangwa Nevavariro

  • [[FT:0] Civil: Kutsiva vakuvari negakava. Nharidzano ndeyokuita kuti mupoteri ashande kana kuti kurega mufambiro unokuvadza.
  • [[FT:0]

Mitambo Nemifananidzo

  • [[FFT:0] Civil:[ vanhu kana kuti masangano (mukwiridziridziri.). Mupurisa anodzora nhau yacho uye anogona kusarudza kuigadzika kana kuti kuidonhedza panguva ipi neipi.
  • 'riminari: Hurumende (mutsigiri) inorwisana nomunhu kana kuti sangano. Munyajambwa chapupu chehurumende, kwete mukwikwidzi ari kuunza mhaka. Muchuchisi anosarudza kana achifanira kunyora pomero.

Mupimo Woufakazi

  • Civil: Kufungisisa ufakazi (kunenge kuti).
  • [[FT:0]

Zvinogona Kuitika

  • [[[FT:0] : Kukuvadza (kutsiva kana kuti kuranga), mirairo, kuita kwakananga, kana kuti rutongeso rwokubvisa. Hapazorasikirwi norusununguko.
  • Upari-rima: Kuisa mubato (torongo kana kuti jeri), faindi inobhadharwa kuhurumende, kuedzwa, basa renzanga, kana kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo, chirango chorufu.

Mavakirwo Okugadzirwa Kwemvura Nokugadzirwa Kwemvura

  • .CIIL:[ Majeri anowanzowanika asi haadiwi muzviitiko zvose. Nhamba yevatongi inogona kusiana, uye nyika dzakawanda dzinobvumira chisarudzo chisiri cheSangano reSangano reSangano reHurumende (g., 9 mu 12 vhota) muzvinoitika zvehurumende.

Upenyu Hwokutongwa Kwevanhu Vomunyika Imwe Chete

Nhau dzavagari vemo dzinotevera nzira yakarongeka, kunyange zvazvo voruzhinji zvikuru — kazhinji kazhinji vanopfuura 95% — vanombomira vasati vasvika mudare.

Tsinhiro Inotungamirira

Muitiro unovamba apo mugadziri wenhau unosaidzira anorondedzera dare, achionesa maidi enhau yacho nehwaro hwapamutemo hwenhau yacho. Mukwiridziridziri anopindura [, kubvuma kana kuti kuramba pomero. Mukwirirwi anganyorawo mashoko anopesana nomupurisa. Kumhanya kwapamberi penhau, kwakadai sokuramba kuzivisa kuti, kwakakurumbira pachikamu chino.

Chinowanikwa

Kuwana inzira iyo vose vanowana nayo umboo. Iyi inowanzova nguva inotemesa nguva uye nguva inodhura. Maturusi okuwana anosanganisira:

  • [[[FORTA:0] Mibvunzo yakanyorwa pamusoro penhau inofanira kupindurwa mumhiko.
  • [[[FOL:0] ZVIPINDURO: Mumibvunzo yechapupu kana kuti yebato rinopika, yakanyorwa nomutori wenhau wedare.
  • Kukumbira nokuda kweChibereko: kukumbira rumwe rutivi kubudisa magwaro, maemail, zvibvumirano, kana kuti humwe ufakazi chaihwoihwo.
  • Kukumbira nokuda kwokubvumira: kukumbira rumwe rutivi kubvuma kana kuti kuramba maidi chaiwo kumanikidzira nhau dzokutonga.

Kutanga Kufamba Nokugara

Pamberi pomutongo, rutivi rumwe norumwe rungaisa chimiro chorutongeso rwechipfupi. Iyi nhambo inokumbira mutongi kutonga kuti hakuna gakava rechokwadi reidi rezvinhu uye kuti boka rinotama rine kodzero yokutonga senhau yomutemo. Kana ichi chiito chikarambwa, mhaka inorongwa nokuda kwokutongwa. Madare anowanzokurudzira kana kuti kukumbira kuti vamwe vapinde metation kana kuti kuranga [FLT]] kutsiva kupedza gakavarambwa pasina mutengo, nguva, uye kusava nechokwadi.

Kutongwa Nokutongwa

Kana mhaka ichienda kukutonga, inotevera uyu murayiro wavose: sarudza vatongi ( voir ), kutaura kwokuzarura, kupiwa kwoufakazi (mhaka yepepa yenhau yemukwiridziridzo, kuteverwa nedare, mhedziso, mirayiridzo yedare, uye kuronga. Vatongi vanodzosa chisarudzo nokuda kwomupoteri kana kuti mukwidziridzi. Kana mutongi akahwidza, vanosarudza chitsama cherango. Boka rinorasikirwa nechisarudzo kana kuti rutongeso kudare rakakwirira zvikuru rakaita rutongeso rwapamutemo.

Nzira Yokupomera Mhosva

Muitiro woutsotsi unopesvedzerwa zvikuru nedziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo dzakarongedzerwa kudzivirira maruramiro omupomerwi kubva pamavambo chaipo.

Kuongorora Nokusungwa

Mhaka youtsotsi inowanzovamba nokunzvera kupfurikidza nokuchengetwa kwomutemo. Kana mapurisa ane chisakiso chisingapokanidzwi kudavira munhu akaita mhaka, vangasunga. Pashure pokusungwa, anonyumwirwa anonyorwa ndokuitwa. Framendment yechi 4 inoda mapurisa kuwana mvumo yokutsvaka musha womunhu kana kuti kutora zvinhu zvavo mumigariro mizhinjisa, uye ufakazi hunowanwa mukuputswa kwouruko runoda kugona kubviswa (mutemo wokurega).

Kuoneka Kwokutanga Nokururamisirwa

Mutongi anofanira kuunzwa pamberi pomutongi nokukurumidza nokuda kwechitarisiko . Mutongi anozivisa mukwirirwi nezvemhosva, anovapa zano nezvekodzero dzavo, uye anogadza bherati kana kuti migariro yokusunungurwa. [[FLT:] Argement, mukwiridziridziri anorava nenzira yetsika pomero ndokupinda chikumbiro /_kazhinji, kwete ane mhaka, kana kuti kwete makwikwidzani ([[FLT:]]]

Kugadzira Mabharaki

Mugadziriro yazvino uno yeruramisiro youtsotsi, inopfuura 90% yemhaka inopedzwa kupfurikidza nemhesvuro. muchuchisi anopa mukwiri mhaka mutongo wakaderedzwa kana kuti mutongo wakareruka mukutsinhana nokuda kwokuva nemhaka. uyu muitiro unodzivisa nguva nendyiko yokutonga asi wakatsoropodzwa nokuda kwokumanikidzira vapomerwi vasina mhaka kukumbira kuva nemhaka yokudzivisa ngozi yetongero ine mhaka zvikuru pakutongwa.

Kutongwa

Kana mhaka ichienda kudare, kupokana kwokusasarura. Muchuchisi anopa ufakazi hwayo kutanga, kudana zvapupu nokusuma zviratidziro. Kudzivirira kune maruramiro okupa chapupu cheyambukwa. Kuzvidzivirira kungapa ufakazi hwakwo amene asi hakudikanwi kuita kudaro. Mukwirirwi ane kodzero yebumbiro remitemo kusapupurira ([ Amendment ]), uye vatongi vanoraidzwa zvakananga kusawana jambwa kwemhosva ipi neipi kubva kunyararo kwomukwiridziridzi. Nokuda kwokuva nechokwadi, vatongi vanofanira kuwana mutongi ane mhaka asingapokaniswi.

Kutongerwa

Kana mukwirirwi akawanwa ane mhaka, mutongi anobata mutongo wakaparadzana wokuisa kunzwa. Mutongi anorangarira nhungamiro dzokutonga dzapamutemo, mushumo wekunzvera usati waitwa, nharo dzinobva kumuchuchisi negweta raanodzivirira, uye mashoko anowanzobva kuvanyajambwa. Mutongo unogona kubva pakusundwa kusvikira kunhambo yamakore mutorongo, kana kuti kunyange kutongerwa upenyu. Mukwiridzirwi ane maruramiro okukwidza mhaka kana kuti mutongo.

Kunyanyisa uye Kufambirana Kwazvo: Muitiro Mumwe Chete, Miedzo Miviri

Chirango chinozivikanwa navose ndechokuti chiito chinofanira kuva mhaka kana kuti zvimwe chakaipa muvagari vemo.Chokwadi, mufambiro mumwe chetewo unogona kuumba hwaro hwezvinoitika zviviri zvakasiana chose chose, zvinowirirana. Nemhaka yokuti mipimo yeufakazi namapati anobatanidzwa yakasiana, miuyo inogona (naizvozvo) uye kazhinji kazhinji kuita kudaro.

Muenzaniso wakakurumbira zvikurusa ndi O.J. Simpson mhaka yechapupu . Simpson akasunungurwa kuupondi mudare ramatsotsi nemhaka yokuti vatongi vakapanikira mhaka yedare nemhaka yokuti havana chokwadi pamusoro pepanikiro dzine mufungo. Zvisinei, akawanikwa ane mhaka yerufu rwakaipa mukutongwa kwavagari vemo, uko mutoro wezvibvumikiso wakanga uri bedzi chinyorwa chapamberi pehu. Vatongi vakamuraira kubhadhara $3,5 000 000 000 mukuvadziko kumhuri dzavanyajambwa. Ikoku kunosimbisa nheyo inotambudza: utsotsi hahuvatsigiri pamutemo hunotevera nemhaka yokuti mitemo yapamutemo nezvinangwa zvapamutemo zvakasiana.

Nenzira yakafanana, [[NHAU] bhizimisi rokubiridzira vabetseri varo vebhizimisi [[FLT: 1] ringatarisana nedare reboka ravagari vemo rewirirano rinobva kuvaridzi vanotsvaka kuwanazve kurasikirwa kwavo. Nomutoo wapapokapoka, Department of Justice yeU.S. ingaunza pomero dzoutsotsi dzekunyengera utsotsi pavakuru vakuru vekambani, zvingatungamirira kunguva yejeri. [FLT:] mutyairi akadhakwa uyo anoparira njodzi angapomerwa neDuI (tsoro) uye anopomerwa kusabatwa zvakanaka navatakukuvadzwa (chivil). Kunzwisisa uku kuratidzirwa kunodenha nokuda kwokutarisirwa kwemari muzvose zviri zviviri.

Chikonzero Nei Uku Kutsauranisa Kuchikosha Mukushandiswa

Kunzwisisa kusiyana kwakaita mutemo wehurumende newematsotsi hakusi kungodzidza chete, asi kunobatsira chaizvo pamashandiro anoita munhu nebhizimisi.

  • Nokuda kwavagari vemo: Kuziva tsika yemitemo kunokubetsera kunzwisisa maruramiro ako kana uri nyajambwa woutsotsi kana kuti mubato kugakava. Munyajambwa wedenho haagoni ku "manikidzira mhaka" zvakananga; vanofanira kuvimba nomuchuchisi, asi vanogona kubhadhara pasina kusununguka mutongi kuti akwirire nokuda kwekuvadziko.
  • Nokuda kweBhizimisi Moners: Gadziriro dzokuteerera dzinofanira kukurukura zvose zviri zviviri mhaka dzoutsotsi (mutoo, kuputsa mutemo, chiokomuhomwe) uye kutadza kwehurumende (mutoo., kuputswa kwebvumirano, kusarura basa). Kukundikana kumwe kwebhizimisi kunogona kutungamirira kunzverwa kwehurumende nedare rinopa mhaka.
  • Nokuda kwaVadziviriri: Urongwa hwakasiana chose chose. Muchinoitika chetsotsi, ngwariro iri pakudzivirira rusununguko nokudzivisa kupwiswa, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nokusaita kwetsika uye kudenha ufakazi hwehurumende. Munhau yehurumende, itiro hanya ndeyokuderedza mutoro wemari, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nekurukurirano uye kugadzikiswa.

mhedziso

Musiyano pakati pomutemo wevagari vemo nowematsotsi ikokumira kwegadziriro yemitemo yeAmerica. Mutemo weutsotsi unodzivirira nzanga uye unoranga vane mhaka, uchiraira kuva nevavariro yehurumende kuti vapiwe rusununguko rwavo vasati vagona. Mutemo wehurumende unodzora kukakavadzana kwavo voga uye unotsiva vakakuvadzwa, uchishanda pamupimo unochinjika zvikuru wezvibvumikiso uye mitoo yemari kana kuti yekusasarura. Iyi mitoo miviri, nepo iri pedyo napedyo, inoshumira vatenzi namadzishe vanoshanda nemitemo yakasiana-. Ichiziva kuti inoshanda sei pamwe chete neyazvo (* uye kuti inoita sei kuti iwirirane panhambo nenhambo nenhambo, inoita kuti ruramisiro ive yakajeka zvikuru sei inoitwa sei munzanga yakaoma, yakarairwa.