Kushanda Kwakanaka Kwezvirongwa Zvehurumende

Kubatana pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende pamabasa makuru ezvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvemarongedzero kwakatanga sechinhu chikuru chekubudirira kwezveupfumi hweAmerica uye garikano yavanhu. Sezvo mibatanidzwa yezvokufambisa munyika, gadziriro dzemvura, uye mamiriro emagetsi enguva ino, kudikanwa kwechiito chokushandira pamwe kunowedzera kukurumidzira. Nyaya ino inoongorora nzira dzekushandira pamwe, mamiriro ezvinhu okuronga zvinhu, kugadziridza, uye kutungamirira kwomunguva yemberi kwezvirongwa zvemiitiro, uye kugoverana kwounyanzvi hwezvoruzivo rwezvokufambisa zvinhu. Pasina iyi mibato yemabhizimisi, mabasa akawanda anokosha angatarisana nokunonoka, kudhura, kana kuti kupera zvachose. Nyaya inonzvera mibato, dzidzo, , dzidzo yemiitiro, masangano, uye vatungamiriri venzanga.

Nhoroondo: Kubva Pabasa Idzva Kusvika Pakuva Nezvakagadziriswa

Tsika yebatira pamwe yesangano repfuma rehurumende muUnited States inovambira kumavambo ezana ramakore rechi 20. Kuvakwa kweHoover Dam muma1930, somuenzaniso, kwakabatanidza kutsigira mari kwehurumende nebvumirano dzekodzero dzemvura. Zvisinei, kubatana kukurusa kwokuchinja kwakatanga neFederal-Aid Highway Act ye1956, iyo yakaparira Intertate Highway System. Mufananidzo iwoyo wakaumba mari nokuuraya hurumende / zvinoenderera mberi kuumba muitiro wezvokugadzira zvinhu zvazvino uno.

Muna 2021, [[FT:0] Infrablicament and Jobs Act yakasimbisazve uku kusvika, kugovera mabhiriyoni $1,2 emari anopfuura mashanu emigwagwa, mabhiriji, mabharo, mabhande, mvura, uye zvirongwa zvemagetsi. Masangano anoita basa guru mukubvisa mari iyi, kutanga zvirongwa, uye kutarisira. Kunzwisisa kushanduka kwenhau kwemibatanidzwa iyi kunobetsera kutsanangura zvose zviri zviviri simba rawo uye mifungo yawo yepanhambo nenhambo.

Michina Yokuumba: Kutsigira, Kudzosera Kumwe, uye Kubatsira Kwounyanzvi

Gadziriro Dzokugadzirira Nokushandisa Mari

Hurumende yehurumende inoparadzira matura ezvirongwa zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nezvipo zvemipiro yamakwikwi. Mari, yakadai seiyo iri pasi peHighway Trust Fund, inopa zvibvumirano zvinodavirwa zvegore negore. Mipiro yesangano, seBUILD (Zviri nani Zvipi Kubatsira Kuzviwanisa Kubudirira kweLeverage) uye RAISE (Kuvaka American Infrastruction ine mapurogiramu okuchengetedza neEquity), inotusa, zvikarakadzo zvakawanda zvemifungo. Izvi zvinokurudzira kuti zviteve zvakatanhanhanharo zvomunzvimbomo nevavariro dzenyika, zvakadai sokuderedza kubudiswa kwecarbon kana kuti kuvandudza purogiramu.

Kutungamirira Nokubvumira Chinjo

Tsitsi yehurumende inobatanidzawo kufamba nokufamba - famba mabumbiro emitemo anofambiswa. Somuenzaniso, zvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvemvura zvingada mvumo kubva ku Environal Protection Agency (EPA) pasi peCeast Water Act, pamwe chete nenzvero dzenzvimbo dzehurumende. Mutevedzero wehurumende weProfecture Federal Departle Jugate unoda kuronga kudzikanisa mashoko ezvakapoteredza kupfurikidza nokugadzira sangano rekutungamirira nokugadza miganhuro. Dzimwe nyika, kufanana neTexas neCalifornia, dzakatanga mahofisi enzvimbo dzinotsaurirwa kuti dziwirirane neyatinaidzo dzemibatanidzwa uye kubvumira nokukurumidza.

Kubatsira Mune Zveunyanzvi Nebasa Rokuvaka

Nyika zhinji duku kana kuti dzomumaruwa dzinoshaiwa uinjiniya nerokuronga vashandi kuti vabate mabasa makuru. Hurumende yehurumende, kupfurikidza namasangano akafanana ne Federal Highway Administration [FLT] [FWA)] uye Department of Energy, inopa betsero younyanzvi, zvirongwa zvokurovedza, uye inogoverana miitiro yakanakisisa. Somuenzaniso, FHWA’s Days Counts [ Nhano dzokutanga] dzinosimudzira unyanzvi hwokuvaka hutsva, zvakadai sokuvaka mabhiriji inomhanya uye kutakura basa, izvo zvinogona kuvambanisa kuderedza mutengo nenguva.

Vaiti Vemapoka Makuru Vokubatana

Kufamba: Migwagwa, Mabhiriji, uye Transit

Zvirongwa zvokufambisa zvinoramba zviri nzvimbo inooneka zvikurusa yebatira pamwe yehurumende. IYJA inobatanidza mabhiriyoni $110 emabhiriyoni e $15 emigwagwa namabhirioni, nehurumende dzine mutoro wokusarudza basa nokugadziridzwa. Zvirongwa zvemibato yakarongwa se Bridge Inficement Program[ inogovera mari yakatarwa nokuda kwokuyambuka kusina kukwana. Gasswo yokufambisa yoruzhinji, inowanzoshandiswa nehurumende kana kuti zviremera zveruwa, inogamuchira mari yehurumende yezvirongwa zvehurumende yokuwedzera nokuwedzera kwazvino uno. Mienzaniso yemisi inobatanidza Mugadziro wePronga yeProme. [[FLT] muNew York, New Jersey, nhamburiko yakasiyana-mabhiriyoni inoshandiswa kutsiva Port North Bridge nerome iri pasi peRelieji.

Zvinhu Zvinoumba Mvura: Mvura Yakachena uye Mvura Yokunwa

Mubatanidzwa wehurumende mugadziriro dzemvura unopinzwa zvikurukuru kupfurikidza neSVHONI yeHurumende Revoten Fund (SRFs) inopiwa ne EPA. Ceaf Later State Revoling Fund mari yokurapa nokushandisa tsvina kwemvura yemafungu, nepo kutsiva kwePutting State Revoing Fund kunotsigira runako kumiitiro yemvura. Nyika dzinoisa zvinokosha, dzinogovera mari inowirirana, uye kukweretesa mari shoma zvikuru kuzvokushandisa. IYJA yakawedzera mabhiriyoni 55 emarongedzero emvura, nengwariro yokutsiva mitsetse yebasa, kubvisa PFASTAMINAMINI, uye kukurukura mari yemvura munzanga dzinoshaiwa.

Kugadzirwa Kwesimba Remvura Yemagetsi uye Kugadziridzwazve

Federal-stative resigrafic restuation yawana kurumidziro nokusundwa kukuvadziko. Department of Energy’s Grid Resilience State neFormula Formula Grants inobetsera hurumende kusimbisa Gweta nemamiriro okunze akanyanyisa uye kudzongonyedzwa kwapakombiyuta. Masangano anoshandawo neFederal Energy Reguration Commication (FERC) kunzvimbo inosimupidhingiringirirwa mitsetse yenyika, kunyange zvazvo kusawirirana kwemitevedzero kwamativi enyika dzichipfuurira kunopfuurira.

Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu Nemagetsi: Kubviswa Kwezvibharo

Kupinda kwakakwirira kweInternet zvino kunozivikanwa sezvinokosha. Kuwedzera kwapabudirendi Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Purogiramu, rutivi rweINC, kunogovera zvirongwa mabhiriyoni $4,5,5 kuti zvikudziridze kuvakwa munzvimbo dzisina kuchengetwa uye dzagara pasi. United States inovamba zvirongwa zvechiito, mepu, uye zvinotambira mepu, uye zvinotsigira basa repanhengeni. Nhevedzo dzeruwa dzinoda masangano anoshanda muzvikoro zvemabati, maraibhurari, uye makiriniki.

Fundo Dzenhau Dzemasangano Anobudirira Enharaunda

Nzira Yakajairika Yepakati Penyika: Kuroorana

Interstate Highway System inoramba iri musengwa wendarama webatira pamwe yemasangano ehurumende. Begun muna 1956, chikwata chamanyuko 48 000 chakavakwa pasi pe 90% °% yemari yehurumende yakapatsanurwa. Purogiramu yacho haina kungochinja bedzi zvinhu uye kufamba kwomunhu asi yakagadzawo mienzaniso yokuongorora mhoteredzo, magadzirirwo etsika, uye kurovedzwa kwevashandi. Sangano seCalifornia neIllinois dzakakwanisa kukurukurirana mumaguta nepo kuva mutariri wehurumende yakavimbisa kuti ufananidzo. Kubudirira kwegadziriro yacho yakatungamirira kumapurogiramu anotevera seNational Highway Sy System neSweroast program yesourface yazvino uno.

Mvura yePittsburgh Inotsiva Mucheto

MuPittsburgh, masangano ehurumende nehurumende akabatira pamwe neyaishandiswa kuti atsive zviuru zvemikoto yemutobvu nekero. Pennsylvania Infrapublicre Investice Authority (PENNVVEST) yakagovera zvikwereti zvakaderera zvikuru kubva kuSweder State Revoiver Fund, yakawedzerwa neIVJA register. Chirongwa, icho chaibatanidzawo kuiswa kwemibatanidzwa yenzanga nerovedzo yavashandi, muenzaniso wekugona sei kudzora nhau dzeruramisiro yemhoteredzo.

Purogiramu Yemagetsi yeColorado

Colorado akashandisa mari yehurumende yakabva kuNational Getle Vehicle Infrapublicare (NEVI) Program kuisa zviteshi zvinobhadharisa mumigwagwa mikuru. Hurumende yakatanga gadziriro mutsinhirano neHofisi yeMany Energy neFortuation, yakaiswa pasi penzvimbo dzomumaruwa, uye yakaperekedzwa namakambani echibharo. Pakapera 2025, Colorado inotarisira kuva nemubatanidzwa wevatengi vanokurumidza mumugwagwa uri wose mumikoto mikuru, ichiratidza kuti nhungamiro yehurumende inogona sei kukurumidzisa kugadzirwa nehurumende.

Zvinetso Zvokushanda Pamwe Chete

Kutsigira Kurambwa Nokurasikirwa

Pasinei zvapo nemwero yenhau yemari inopirwa mari yasara. Mutero wegasi wehurumende hauna kusimudzwa chifo cha1993, kuchitungamirira kukuperevedza muHighway Trust Fund. United States ingaparapatika kugovera mari inowirirana, zvikurukuru mukati medziro dzemari. Kudzorwa kwezvirongwa zvikuru, zvakadai seraruwe yakakwirira yeCalifornia kana kuti Boston’s Big Dig, zvinosimbisa ngozi dzesundo dzakashata netarisiro isina kukwana. Kusimbisa gadziriro dzehurumende dzokutarisira mari kunzvimbo yehurumende kunotambudza kuchengeta ruvimbo rwavanhu.

Mabasa Okupaya Nokubvumira Kunonoka

Nyika imwe neimwe ine shooroma dzayo amene dzemhoteredzo, mitemo yebasa, uye mitemo. Chirongwa chebhuroko icho chinodarika mutsetse wenyika chingada mvumo kubva kumadhipatimendi maviri akasiyana okufambisa, uye masangano akawanda ehurumende. Nepo gadziriro imwe yeFederal Declage yabetsera, hachisati chichifukidza marudzi ose ebasa. Chikarakadzo chazvino uno National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) donzo rokuderedza nguva kupfurikidza nokugadzira sangano rimwe rekositi renhungamiro uye kukurudzira kuhwirudzurazve.

Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvematongerwe Enyika uye Kuchinja Zvinhu Zvokutanga

Zvibvumirano zvehurumende zvinotapurwa nezvirongwa zvesarudzo nokusawirirana. Chinjo muWhite House kana kuti chibvumirano chehurumende inogona kuchinja nzira dzokushandisa mari, mipimo yemhoteredzo, kana kuti mirongedzero yegadziriro yebasa. Somuenzaniso, sundo yesangano raTrump pakudzikamiswa kwetsinhano nesimbiso yaPrezidhendi Biden pakusimba kwemamiriro okunze uye kufambiswa kwenzvimbo. Kudzivisa kugadziridza mamiriro okunze. Mitezo inoisa mitemo inoda zvirongwa zvemari yamakore akawanda uye manyuko okuzvikwereti.

Kubatana Kwemarudzi Nekubatanidzwa Munzanga

Munhau, gadziriro dzezvirongwa zvehurumende dzakakuvadza nzanga dzinowana mari shoma nenzanga dzine ruvara kupfurikidza nokuvakwa kwemigwagwa mikuru, kuvakwa kwemaguta, uye kuvharwa kwemvura. IYJA inobatanidza gadziriro dze Justice40[, iyo inotungamirira 40% yebetsero kubva kumapurogiramu akati kunzanga dzinoshaiwa. Zvisinei, kuvaka kunosiyana zvikuru kumativi enyika. Kubatira pamwe zvino kunoda kusimbisa nzanga yakasimba, kubatanidza kunzwa kwavose, mabhodhi okuona, uye kujekesa mashoko.

Kushandisazve Mari uye Kuendesa Zvigadzirwa

Kushandira pamwe kwevoruzhinji (P3s)

Kuwedzera kupiwa kwemipiro yegamuchidzanwa, nyika dzakawanda dziri kutendeukira kuukama hwevoruzhinji. MuP3, sangano rakavanzika, rokuvaka, mari, kushanda, uye kuchengeta nzvimbo nokuda kwenhambo yakachinjika. Mienzaniso inobatanidza I-95 Express Corridar[ muFlorida uye [[FLT] chibvumirano] cheMiaminer [[[FLT]] P [FLT] P [[FLT]]. Tsigiro yeP3] inouya kupfurikidza neInfactive Revotion and Information Act (TIA), chirongwa chezvikwereti zvakaderera. Vatsoropo zvinonyevera kuti kana mari ikatadza kushaidzwa, asi kana ikaitwa zvakanaka, asi ichidzorwa zvakanaka.

Kubatwa Kunokosha Nokupora

Mitemo iri kunzverawo ukoshi hwokuwana mibato, yakadai seyakawanda yemari yomutero ne zvisungo zvemari inobhadharwa. Zvibvumirano zvokufambisa zvibvumirano zvinobvumira vagadziri vemibatanidzwa kubetsera kuvandudza chiteshi nokuda kwekodzero dzemhepo kana kuti nzvimbo dzinoiswa. Hurumende yehurumende inokurudzira iyi mienzaniso kupfurikidza ne Builmage Bureaual yeAmerica [, izvo zvinopa betsero yechikwereti nenhungamiro yemichina.

Kufambira Mberi Kwebasa Nokuda Kwekukura Kwezvirongwa

Chinetso chikuru chokuita mabasa ezvirongwa zvesangano rehurumende kuperevedza kwebasa remagorofa, kubva kumainjiniya navakuru vemapurani kusvikira kuvaki namagetsi. IYJA inobatanidza mabhiriyoni $30 ebasa nokuda kwokurovedza vashandi, asi masangano anofanira kugadzira zvirongwa zvinowirirana nemisika yebasa yomunzvimbomo. Nyika dzakawanda dzakabatirana nekoreji dzenzanga, masangano, uye zvirongwa zvokudzidzira kugadzira zvirongwa zvokutanga mabasa emichina. Somuenzaniso, [FLT: 0] TExtractive Workive Coltivativective Col Motivation zvitima zvemistry navashandi vashomanene nokuda kwemigwagwagwa. Masangano ebasa okubatsira kubetsera kukumbira basa.

Kugadzikana Kwemamiriro Okunze uye Zvinhu Zvinogara

Sezvo zvinoitika zvemamiriro okunze zvakaipisisa zvinova kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru, batira pamwe yehurumende pakugadziridza mamiriro okunze inodikanwa. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) inogovera mipiro nokuda kwekugadziridza kwemvura nenjodzi, asi nyika dzinofanira kutanga mirau yengozi negadziriro dzemamiriro okunze asina kusimba. Kristical Climate yakaita purogiramu yemadhora ane mabhiriyoni $2 ezvirongwa zvokuzvigadziridza, zvakadai semigwagwa inosimudzira mitsetse yemagetsi, uye kudzorerazve mitsetse yemagetsi. Nyika dzakaita seLouisiana neFlorida dzine kuwiriraniswa kwemite yemamiriro okunze, ichishandisa mifananidzo yehurumende se nzanga .[FLT]

Mukuwedzera, mari yezviwiro zvezviwiro zvemari inowirirana zvakananga nemari yehurumende yemari yezvinodikanwa zvemibhadharo zvakatekeshera, Bulla America gadziriro, uye kubudiswa kwegasi rinodziya. Nyika dzinogamuchira zvinhu zvokuvakisa zvakaderera zvecarbon, zvakadai seasphalt kana kuti kongiringiri yecarbon yakaderera, dzinogona kupiwa mhindu. Izvi zvishuvo zvinosundira mhoteredzo yezvinhu zvipenyu zvose kuti zvigochengeteka.

Ruzivo Nezvinhu Zvinogadzirwa Nemashandiro Akanaka

Zvemichina zviri kuchinja nzira iyo vakwanyina vehurumende nehurumende vanoronga nayo (BHM), kuvaka, uye kushanda. Maturusi akafanana ne GEOgraphic Information Systems (GIS) nokuda kwokuronga kufukidzwa kwakafara kwemichina, ] Kuumba Ruzivo rweChimiro ([BIM)[[FLT]][FLT]] nokuda kwemarongedzero, uye [[FLT] mifungo yemichina [FLT]] nokuda kwokuvandudza zvivako zviri mutemutemo. FWA’s Zuva riri rose Coults [FLD] .[FLT] Purome yemascrimendiation eCalgiondiation neographs. Kushandisa mamiriro ezvinhu enyika anogona kuderedza basa renyika.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Kusimbisa Mukwanyina

Nzira Yokuchinja Zvinhu Yorudzi Yakareba

Nyanzvi dzakakumbira basa renguva dzose rehurumende kuti ritarisire chiono chepfuma chamakore 20, chakafanana neNational Surface Infrapublicature Commission yaikarakadza kuchinja mari. Gadziriro yesangano rehurumende ingagona kubetsera kuronga hurumende nehurumende, kuderedza kugadzirwa kwezvivako, uye kuvaka tsigiro yavose.

Kushandiswa Kwakawedzerwa Kwezvikamu Zvinobuda

Panzvimbo pokungoronda bedzi madhora anopedzwa, chizvarwa chinotevera chezvibvumirano zvehurumende chinofanira kunangidzira ngwariro pamiuyo yokufamba: nguva dzakaderedzwa, mwero yetsaona yakaderera, uwandu hwemvura yokunwa, uye kugamuchirwa kwakafara. ICJA inotoda kuti nyika dzizivise mibatanidzwa chaiyo yepurogiramu dzakati. Kuwedzera iyi nzira kungagona kusimbisa kuzvidavirira nokuratidzira ukoshi hwokubatira pamwe kuvabhadhari vemitero.

Kudzamisa Tsika Nekuva Mushandi Wemo

Masangano ehurumende nehurumende ari kuedza kubatsira zvibvumirano zvenzanga, kuchinjwa kwakananga kwehurumende, uye marongedzero ezvirongwa zvinoshandira pamwe. Mari yeramangwana inofanira kudiwa kuvimbisana kwenzanga kune zvakunoda panguva dzose, kubva pakuongorora kusvika pakugadziriswa. Dzimwe nyika dzakatoumba madare anoongorora zvikarakadzo zvebasa dzisati dzapiwa mari.

Muzinda Wavanhu Chete uye Kuchinja

Hurumende yehurumende inofanira kukudza mapurogiramu akadai seTITIMA ne Water Infraformation Finail and Innovation Act (WIFFIA) kuti ifukidze mamwe marudzi ebasa. Nyika dzingagona kugadzira mabhangi ezvirongwa zvehurumende kukwezva vatengi vebhizimisi, sezvakaitwa nevamwe. Mitengo yemari inobatanidza mari yehurumende, mari yehurumende, uye dzimbahwe ravanhu zvaigona kuvhura zviwanikwa zvitsva nokuda kwemabasa okumaruwa nemaguta zvakafanana.

mhedziso

Kubatira pamwe pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende pamabasa makuru ezvirongwa zvezvirongwa zvedzidzo. Kunyange zvakadaro, sezvo mamiriro okunze akaoma enzvimbo, kudzongonyedzwa kwemitengo yematunhu neaposvo. Kubva kuInterstate Highway System kuInfrablic Repacement and Jobs Act, aya mabatiraniringano akavaka musimbo wemari yeAmerica nerechinjo yakaisvonaka youpenyu hwemamiriyoni. Sezvinoshanda nzanga yechinjo yemamiriro okunze, kudzongonyedza ruzivo rwemiitiro yezvo yezvokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kupfurikidza nemitemo inodzokorodza, uye kuvandudza basa, uye kufambiswa kwebasa mumugariro wokubudirira, hurumende zvinogona kuparira nzvimbo dzinobatira nzanga nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvichiuya. Mbambo hadzigoni kuva dzakakwirira: migwagwa, mapaipi, mapaipi, isu tichagadzira, uye mazatichamuka mangwana.

nokuda kwokuravazve pamusoro pezvinhu zvesangano revhu, ona Imba yeVhite Horo Kuvakwazve iri nani yeIndanganiso, Fiteral Highwal Administration[, uye [[FLT:]] SEPA SE RES RE RENTER PORT MPENT Fund.[FLT:]]