Dambudziko Riri Kukura Rokusawandisa Kwedzimba

Mhiri kweUnited States nenyika yose, kuwanikwa kwemari yokuvaka kwakabuda sechimwe chezvinetso zvikuru zvenguva yedu. Kukwira kwemitengo yemisha, mibhadharo inodzongonyedza misha, uye kuperevedza kwedzimba kunopfuurira kwakasunda fungidziro dzemuridziri weimba kunosvika kuvazhinji, nepo mitoro inopedza maawa akawanda zvikuru emari yapamba. Hurumende dzemo, kubva kumataundi maduku kusvikira kunharaunda huru, dzinozviwana dzimene dziri pamipimo yemberi dzeinjo iyi. Kusafanana namasangano ehurumende kana kuti masangano ehurumende, vatungamiriri vehurumende vanoona muuyo womunhu uchikwirazve, vashandi vanopedza maawa nemhaka yokuti havagoni kurarama pedyo nemabasa avo, uye vagari venguva refu vabviswa nokugadzirwa kwebasa. Mumaguta, uye matura anowana masangano ebhizimisi, uye anonangidzira mamiriro ezvinhu edzimba dzomunzvimbomo.

Kunzwisisa Dzimba Dzisingakuvadzi

Kuwanika kwedzimba kuri zvikurukuru pamusoro pebatano pakati pendyiko dzedzimba nemari yemba. Chiratidzo chapanhambo nenhambo, chinoshandiswa neBato reNzvimbo neUrban Development yeUrban (HUD) nemamwe masangano akawanda, ndechekuti mari yokugara iripo ((kubatanidza rendi kana kuti chikwereti, zvinodzivirira, uye mitero) haifaniri kupfuura 30% yemari inotambirwa nemhuri. Kana ndyiko inopfuvura iyi, mhuri dzinotarisana nomutoro wakakomba, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzinomanikidzira kushairwa kushairwa nezvimwe zvinodikanwa zvakadai sezvokudya, zvokurapa, zvokufambisa, zvokufambisa, uye dzidzo.

Mukuwirirana ne Deatt Center for Hospital Studies yeHarvard University, nhamba yakare yemhuri dzeU.S. zvino yakaremerwa. Muna 2022, mhuri dzinorenda dzinopfuura mamirioni 22 dzinopedzerwa inopfuura 30% yemari yadzo padzimba, uye mamirioni 12 akapedzerwa inopfuura hafu. Varidzi vemisha havadzivirirwi; mitero yenzvimbo, inishuwarenzi, uye mutengo wokuchengeta zvave zvakamanikidzirwa, zvikurukuru pakati pevakura pamari inotambirwa. Njodziro hadzisati dziri yunifomu inota mari yakaderera, nzanga, ruvara, uye nzvimbo dzomumaguta dzinonyanyova dzinopfuura hafu yehafu, dzinotapura kukwira, upfumi, uye nzanga.

Mitemo Mikuru Yokutaura Nezvedzimba

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzine chishandiso chakasimba zvikuru chadzinogona kushandisa.

Kutsvaka Zvikomborero

Mitemo yeInclusionary nharaunda inoda kuti vagadziri vasa parutivi chikamu chezvikamu zvitsva zvemarobhoti muzvirongwa zvokugara zvinowanwa nemhuri dzinowana mari iri pasi pechikumba. Iyi mitemo inogona kuva inosungirwa kana kuti inodzorwa nokuzvidira, uye inowanzobatanidza gadziriro dzokuva nechokwadi chokuti mari inopfuurira kwemakumi emakore. IZ inobetsera kuparira nzvimbo dzinogoverwa mari dzakavhengana, kuderedza urombo hwakawanda nepo dzichiwedzera mugove wemayuniti anotengwa navanhu vose pasina kudzorwa zvakananga.

Sangano redzimba dzokubatanidza zvivako reSan Francisco, somuenzaniso, rinoda vagadziri vemarongedzero ane 10 kana kuti mayuniti akawanda kuita inenge 12% yemayuniti anoringana kuva dzimba dzinowana mari yakaderera kana kuti ine mwero, kana kuti kuripira mari mumitengo. Mamwe maguta akadai seBoston neDenver ashandisa mifananidzo yakafanana. Chinetso chikuru kugadza reshiyo yemari yakakwirira zvakakwana kuti iite musiano pasina kudzikanya chose chose. Mamwe masangano anopa ukuru hwedazi (* kuronzesa zvivako zviri kurefu kana kuti mayuniti akawanda kupfuura anobvumira mari inowanzodzorwa. Kunzvera kubva [[FLT:]] Institute"FLG1]] zvinokarakadza kuti mapurogiramu asingadzorwi IZ anogona kuita zviuru zvezvirongwa zvisingatengeki mugore rimwe chete.

Kubudirira Kwedzimba Kunodhura

Kupfuura zvinodikanwa zvokuvaka, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinopa kurudziro dzakati kuti kukurudzira vagadziri vedzimba dzavanhu kuvaka dzimba dzinodhura.Idzi dzinosanganisira mitero yemari yezvikwereti zvemari, mari yezvibvumirano, gadziriro dzehwirudzuro, uye mari yakananga inobva kumari yokuchengetesa dzimba dzomunzvimbomo. Nokuderedza mutengo nengozi yokubudirira, izvi kurudziro zvinoita kuti zvive zvinobvira mune zvemari kubatanidza mari inotengwa mumabasa ayo kudai zvisina kudaro aizotengeswa bedzi pamitengo youmbozha.

MuNew York City, gadziriro ye 421-a reservice remitero (zvino yakatsiviwa neAffordiculika New York) yakagovera muganhu mukuru wemitero yezvinhu nokuda kwezvinoitika zvaibatanidza misha inobhadharwa. MuSeattle, Mumilfalisal Trust Exadetion (MFTE) purogiramu inopa kuregedzerwa mutero wezvinhu wemakore 12 nokuda kwezvivako zvitsva zvemhuri dzakawanda zvinochengeterwa 20% kusvikira ku 25% yemayuniti seasingabhadharwi. Zvirongwa zvakadaro zvakarumbidzwa nokuwedzera kugadzirwa kwezviuru zvemisha inobhadhaka. Zvisinei, vatsoropo vanocherechedza kuti kubhadhadhata mari inoderedza mari yomunzvimbomo uye nguva dzose ingasabudisa kubhadhara mari kwenguva refu kutoti kupfurikidza nezvibvumirano zvakasimba.

Tsika Dzinodzora

Kudzora kwaparendi (*) chaizvoizvo, kurenda mari yerendi inogona kuwedzera gore negore, kazhinji kazhinji ichibatanidza wedzero kumutengo wevatengi kana kuti chikamu chakasiana. Iyi mitemo inovavarira kudzivirira vagari varipo kubva munzendo dzerendi dzinongoerekana dzavapo, dzisingabhadharwi nokuchengetedza mativi aripo edzimba dzinobvira nenzira yomuzvarirwo. California, New York, Oregon, uye maguta akawanda ane chimiro chakati chokurenda.

Nepo kudzora rendi kuchigona kugovera rusununguko rwapakarepo kuvarengi, nyanzvi dzezvemari kazhinji kazhinji dzinokakavadzana miuyo yadzo refu yenguva. Nzvero yapakarenda yakaitwa navanzveri veStanford yakawana kuti kudzora kwerendi muSan Francisco kwakaderedza zvomenemene mugove wose wedzimba dzokurenda kupfurikidza nokuita kuti vagari vemo vadzokere kunzvimbo dzokuronga kana kuti nzvimbo dzokurenda dzenguva pfupi. Nenzira inopesana, vatsigiri vanotaura kuti miitiro yakasanotsarukana, yakadai seiyo iri muNew York City, yakabetsera kudzikamisa misha ndokudzivisa kubviswa kwenzvimbo huru. Mitengo yebhizimisi inofanira kusanoidzikamisa dziviriro namazariro enzvimbo dzenzvimbo nenzvimbo nenzvimbo itsva.

Nyika Yenzanga Inovimba

Nyika dzinochengeterwa vanhu isangano risingawani mhindu rinowana munda ndokuuchengeta uchivimbwa, ipapo kuunyoresa kuvaridzi vemisha kana kuti vagadziri nokuda kwekondirasi yevhu yezita. Nemhaka yokuti nyika yacho ndeyeCLT, mutengo wemusha unoparadzaniswa nemutengo wenyika, uchideredza zvikuru mutengo wokutenga. Mukutsinhana, vatengi vemisha vanobvuma kudzosera ganhuriro dzinochengeta misha yeramangwana ichikwanisa kuva inotengwa navatengi.

Maketoni akabvumikisa kuva anobudirira mukuchengeta mikana inotengwa yapamusha inotengwa zvechigarire. Champlain House Trust muBurlington, Vermont, ndiimwe yemaCLT ekaresasa nehurusa muU.S., anotarisira misha inodhura 3 000. Mamwe maguta, akadai seAtlanta naWashington, D.C., akatanga maCLT nebatira pamwe yenyika yebhangi renyika. CLTS anobetserawo kudzivisa kunyungurura nokudzika mipimo yenzvimbo dzinocherekedzwa.

Kushandira Pamwe Kwavose

Zvibvumirano zvevoruzhinji (PPPS kana kuti P3s) zvinounganidza pamwe chete zviwanikwa zvemanisiparati, dzimbahwe ravanhu, uye kazhinji kazhinji unyanzvi husingapinduri kuti pave nedzimba dzinodhura pamwero. Uku kubatana kunogona kuva nezvimiro zvakawanda: mabasa ebatanidzwa uko guta rinogovera nyika uye muvaki webasa anotarisira kuvakwa; mirauriro yechikwereti yechikwereti uko guta rinoisa mari yePhoace Yow Publication Certices (LIHTC); kana kuti mabasa akavhengana anobatanidza nzvimbo yebhizimisi nezvinotengwanwa zvinobhadhanyiswa.

Muenzaniso unokosha ndewe “Kuumba kuRumbidzo muRent” muAustin, Texas, uko guta rakapa pasuru ye 200 yematunhu ayo mhuri dzakaitirwa kuwana 60% yemari inotambirwa munharaunda. Muvaki wacho akatsigira basa racho nezvisungo zvokubvisa mutero uye 4% LIHTC ecty. Kubatira pamwe kwakadaro kunogona kukurumidzisa nguva yebasa ndokupinza unyanzvi uhwo hurumende dzomunharaunda dzisina, asi dzinoda kutarisirwa zvakasimba kuvimbisa kuti kubatsira vanhu hakushaiwi.

Mamwe Maturusi Anoparadzirwa

Kupfuura zvirongwa zvishanu zvataurwa pamusoro apa, dzimwe nzira dzinoverengeka dziri kushandiswa navakuru vakuru vanofunga mberi.

Kuwedzera Nokubvisa Kuruka kwemhuri Imwe

Minneapolis akaita misoro mikuru yenyika muna 2018 kupfurikidza nokuva guta guru rokutanga kubvisa guta rimwe riri mumo yose, kubvumira duplexis namahendi matatu panzvimbo dzose dzinogara. Chifocho, maguta akadai sePortland, Oregon, uye Charlotte, North Carolina, akatevera . Nokubvumira ukuru hwezvinjo idzi kunowedzera kugoverwa kwedzimba uye dzinogona kuderedza mitengo munguva. Kunzvera kweMinneapolis kunoratidza kugadziridza kwakaderera mukuvakwa kwedzimba dzakawanda, kunyange zvazvo miuyo yakazara yakaita makore akawanda kupfumba.

Masuo okugara (ADU)

ADUS(* zvikamu zvezvikamu zvezvikamu zvezvikamu zvezvikamu zvese zvezvigaro pamijenya yemhuri imwe chete(*) inopa nzira yakaderera zvikuru yokuwedzera nayo utsi pasina kukura kukuru. Maguta akawanda akarerutsa ganhuriro dzokuvaka uye gadziriro dzeATU dzakatenderwa kukurudzira kuvakwa kwawo. MuCalifornia, mutemo wehurumende zvino unoda maguta kubvumira ADUs, uye hurumende inogovera zvirongwa zvechikwereti kubetsera varidzi vemisha kuva nemari. ADUs anogona kugovera mari yokubhadharira muridzi vemisha nepo anowedzera bhokisi rose redzimba.

Rubatsiro Rwakavakirwa Pamano Nevoucher

Nepo dzinowanzoonekwa somutoro wehurumende, dzimwe hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzakatanga gadziriro dzadzo dzimene dzebetsero yerendi. Somuenzaniso, District of Local Rent Emedial Program yeColumbia inogovera vazivi vedzimba dzinowana mari yakaderera zvikuru, vachiisa musiyano pakati peizvo vanogona kubhadhara nerendi dzemisika. Zvirongwa izvi zvinodhura asi zvinogona kuitirwa vagari vemo vasina dziviriro zvikurusa.

Zvinetso Mukugadziridza Dzimba Dzisingakuvadzi

Pasinei nokugadzira uye kuzvipira kwevatungamiriri vemo, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinotadzisa kubudirira.

Kudyisa Nezvishoma uye Kunetsa

Dzimba dzinodhura. Boka rimwe rinogona kudyira mazana ezviuru zvemadhora kuti rikudziridze, uye mari yokubetsera inoshandiswa ingadikanwa kwamakumi amakore. Hurumende zhinji dzomunzvimbomo dzinovimba nebasa remari yehurumende (zvakadai seHome Investivement Preveins Presetry Program uye Community Development Block Grants), mari yedzimba dzehurumende, uye manyuko emari yomunzvimbomo akadai semitero yenzvimbo inobhadharwa. Kuronga mari mukuderera kwemari mukati mekuderera kwemari kunogona kuderedza zvakakomba mapurogiramu edzimba.

National Low Inhome Inhome Coalition[[FLT: 1] inoshuma kuti munyika yose kune perevedzo yemisha yokurenda inopfuura mamirioni 7 inobhadharwa nokuda kwedzimba dzinowanwa dzakaderera zvikuru. Kukurukura uyu mukaha kungada mutengo mukuru zvikuru kupfuura mwero yazvino. Maguta mazhinji akatendeukira kumipimo yezvisungo zvinotenderwa, zvakadai semadhora ane $290 000 (Z $4 000 000 000 000) eSeattle, kubudisa mari yakatsaurirwa, asi matanho akadaro haasati achitongori akakodzera nguva dzose mune zvematongerwe enyika.

Chishoro Chenzanga (NIDY)

Kudzivisa kubva kuvagari varipo(_hakusi muMunayi Yangu yeBackyard” (NIMBY) kunoramba kuri chimwe chemhinganidzo dzinotyisa zvikurusa. Kunyange apo kufambira mberi kutsva kunobatanidza mibato inodhura, vavakidzani vanowanzokushora, kududza funganyo pamusoro pokukwirira kwemotokari, kuperevedza kwokupaka motokari, chikoro kunyanyowandisa, kana kuti chinjo muvakidzani. Uku kushora kunogona kunonotsa maro amakore kupfurikidza nedzokororo dzemhoteredzo, kukumbira, uye kurovererwa.

Kudzivisa chiNiMBYism, maguta akagamuchira “pakufamba kwaparudyi” achiganhurira kuhwirudzura kwokuchenjera, uye vamwe vakaita“ zviito zvinodzorwa” izvo zvinokurira chishoro chomunzvimbomo. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuvimbisana nokuvaka chivimbo munzanga kuchiri madikanwa. Kukurukurirana kuri pachena pamusoro pebetsero dzedzimba dzinodhura (kwakadai semhatsa yemari neshavo dzinoderedzwa.)

Kudzikamisa Kukura Kwezvinhu Nezvinonetsa Zvakatipoteredza

Kugadzirwa kwedzimba kunogona kupesana nevavariro dzezvakatipoteredza. Kuvaka nzvimbo dzinogadzirwa negirini kungadya nzvimbo yakazaruka uye motokari dzinofambirwa makiromita akawanda, nepo kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo yokuzadza kuchigona kutarisana nenhau dzakadai sokugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzebhuraundi kana kuti kukanganiswa kwenzvimbo dzinogara dzinoda kugadziridzwa. Kuwedzera pane izvi, kuongorora zvakaoma, kwakadai seCalifornia Environmental Security Act (CEA), kunogona kugadzirwa nevavengi vedzimba itsva.

Maguta anofambira mberi ari kuvavarira “kuwedzera” mitemo yedzimba dzinoisa ngwariro kukukura pedyo nokushanda zvakanaka kwesimba. Somuenzaniso, gadziriro yaMinneapolis yakakwana inobatanidza zvose zviri zviviri zvipfuro zvokuvaka nokunangana kwemamiriro okunze ane shungu. Asi kusagadzikana kunopfuurira: vamwe vanotsigira ruramisiro yemhoteredzo inopikisa kuti kukura kwemitengo inowana mari shoma kunogona kutungamirira kukubviswa, kuchideredza kusimba kwenzanga kwezviito zvegirini.

Kuchengeta Kunaka Munguva Refu

Pasina utariri hunopfuurira, zvikwata zvinotengeka zvinogona kudzokera kunzvimbo inotengeswa yakambova sungano dzinoda kugadziriswa. Iyi “mawere okuchengeteka” yakatungamirira kukurasikirwa nezviuru zvezvikamu zvakabatanidzwa munyika yose. Kukurira ikoku, maguta ari kutambanudzira nhambo dzemari kumakore 99 kana kuti mukuva magariro, achishandisa ruvimbo rwenzanga neganhuriro dzechibvumirano zechigarire.

Kunyange nesungano dzapamutemo, kudzikamisa ikombiriso yemipiro. Maguta anoda gadziriro dzakasimba dzokutarisira kuti vave nechokwadi chokuwirirana neganhuriro dzemari nekepisi dzerendi. Anofanira kuvawo nezvishandiso zvapamutemo zvokudzoserazve kana varidzi vakakundikana kuchengeta mari. Mamwe matura, akadai seMontgomery County, Maryland, akatsaurira mahofisi anobhadharwa anobhadharwa anobhadharwa dzimba ayo anonzvera nenzira inopfuurira.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Zvehurumende Yomunzvimbomo Zvinotanga Kubudirira

Mienzaniso inotevera inoratidzira kuti nzanga dzakasiana - siana dzakashandura sei muitiro kuva simba renyika chaiyoiyo.

San Francisco, California

San Francisco yakaparapatika kwenguva refu nendyiko dzedzimba dzakanyanyisa. Mukuwedzera kuhuvakidzani hwedzimba, guta rakatanga Frank Fund yedzimba inotanhamariswa, iyo inoisa mari inobhadharwa yokuvaka, uye mari yemari yokuwedzera kumari yokuripira kuvaka nokuchengetedza. Hurumende inopa mari yeguta Purogiramu yeMonday yeMonday inogovera betsero uye pasi pemisha yemari kuti mhuri dzinowana. Sai 2023, San Francisco akanga agadzira mitengo inodhura inopfumba inopfuudza inopfumbira kupfurikidza neiyi mitoo, kunyange zvazvo kuraira kupfuurira kugovera. purogiramu yemaPLD[FFFF]

New York City, New York

Chirongwa cheNew York City chekuronga kuNew York 2.0, chakaziviswa muna 2017, chakapa $200,000 bhiriyoni kuti chiite kana kuti kuchengeta mayuniti anoda mari anokwana 300 000 panosvika 2026. Nzira yacho inobatanidza kuvakwa kutsva, kugadziridzwa kwedzimba dzavose, uye kuchengeteka kwezvisingabviri zvinovapo. Pakazosvika 20222, guta rakanga rave raita mari inopfuura mayuniti 200 000. Chikamu chinokosha ndicho [ Mandation Indusary House (MH) purogiramu yeguta rose rinovirira., izvo zvinobatira kushandura nokuchinja kweguta uye kunoda kuti pave nechikamu chitsamaro chakaenzana chezvikamu zvinokwana zvamadhigiriki chakagoverwa muzviuru zveMabvazuva eMabva-Europe.

Minneapolis, Minnesota

Muna 2018, Minneapolis akagamuchira Minneapolis 2040 rongedzero huru, yakabvisa mhuri imwe panzvimbo imwe ndokubvumira mayuniti matatu paguta rose. Gadziriro yacho yaidawo kuti zviitike zvitsva munzvimbo dzakakwirira zvive zvitsama kana kuti kugovera mari yehomwe. Mashoko okutanga kubva muna 2021-20222 akaratidza kuwedzera kwe6% kwebvumidzo dzeduplexes, titatux, uye quadplexes zvichienzaniswa nezvinenge zvamboitika. Kuwedzerazve, Minneapolis zvakashandisa $15 000 000 000 000 000 gore negore muAfford Visclication Fund iriporate .

Seattle, Washington

Seattle’s Mandation Home Affordibility [[[FFLA:1]] muitiro, wakaitwa muna 2019, unobatanidza kuvaka nokuda mari. Munosarudzwa “misha,” vagadziri vemisha mizhinji inofanira kubatanidza mari inobhadharwa (muchitsauko 5-11% chesesvomho) kana kuti kubhadhara mari pajira rimwe nerimwe reguta inotsigira imba inodhura. Kubvira pakugadzirwa kwenzvimbo, MHAA yakagadzira mayuniti anopfuura 2 500 uye makumi emamirioni emadhora anobhadharwa. Purogiramu yakagadzirirwa kuva inodzikira, semitengo inokwira munyika munharaunda dzinokwira. Swe semari inotengwawo [FFON]

Kutarira Mberi: Nzira Yokuti Urambe Uine Utano Husingachinji

Kuwanikwa kwedzimba hachisi chinetso chinogona kupedzwa kamwe kamwe kana kuti negadziriro ipi neipi. Kunoda mari inotsigirwa, kuda kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kushandira pamwe muzvikamu. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dziri kubvumikisa kuti dzinogona kuva marabhoritari okuvandudza, kuedza kusvika uko, kana kuchibudirira, kugona kuenzana. Maguta anobudirira zvikurusa anobatanidza matanho okugovera (chinjo dzokuvaka, zvikudziridza) netsigiro dzedikanwo (yamutengo, purogiramu dzemuridzinga) uye dziviriro dzakasimba.

Fambiro dzokubatanidza kushandiswa kwe kurongwa kwedzimba . Kwakadai sokuda kuongororwa kwedzimba nemutero wenzvimbo dzinoda kuitirwa zvimwe zvinhu. Kuwanawo kuwiriraniswa kuri kwedzimba dzemosrations uko maminiti akawanda anotsinhirana kuti ataure njodzi. Somuenzaniso, nharaunda yeBay Police Age Office [ idare rokutanga reruwa muCalifornia nechiremera chemitero kuti ritsigire mari yedzimba dzinobhadhanyirwa kugura nhamba pfumbamwe.

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo hadzigoni kupedza kuwanikwa kwedzimba dzoga. Kupfurikidza nepfuma yehurumende, kutangwa kwenzvimbo dzavanhu, uye kuvimbisana kwenzanga zvose zvinokosha. Asi zviito zviri kuitwa nhasi mumaguta kubva kuSan Francisco kusvikira kuMinneapolis zvinoratidzira kuti mitemo youshingi, yakasanosarudzirwa inogona kuita musiano. Kupfurikidza nokudzidza kubva muiyi mienzaniso ndokuichinjira kumamiriro ezvinhu omunzvimbomo, nzanga dzinogona kuswedera pedyo nenharidzano yokuti mugari ari wose akafanirwa nenzvimbo yakakotsekana, yakanaka, uye inotengwa kushambadza musha.