Kodzero Dzebasa Chii?

Kodzero dzebasa ndidzo kodzero dzepamutemo nedziviriro dzinodzora ukama pakati pavashandirwi navashandi. Kodzero idzi dzinogadza mipimo mishomanene nokuda kwomuripo, maawa ebasa, utano nekotsekano, kusasarura, uye rusununguko rwokuronga. Nepo gadziriro dzakati dzichisiyana kupfurikidza nemitemo, mapoka makuru anogamuchirwa zvikuru munyika dzakawanda dzakabudirira.

Ganhuriro Nekodzero Dzeawa

MuPasi peSair Labor Standard Act (FLSA) muUnited States, vashandi vane kodzero yomubairo wehurumende we $7.25 paawa, mari yokuwedzera pamaawa anosvika 1.5 panhambo yenguva dzose yemaawa anoshanda anopfuura 40 muvhiki, uye dziviriro pakubhadharwa mari kusiri pamutemo. Nyika dzakawanda dzine mibhadharo yakakwirira zvikuru uye mitemo yokuwedzera pamusoro pekuzorora kwezvokudya, nguva dzokuzorora, uye kubhadhara mari yakawanda. [[FLT: 0]] Kuba — kubhadharwa kusiri kwapamutemo kana kuti muripo wemibhadharo inotarirwa mari inotambirwa — zvinoramba zviri pakati pokuputsanya mibato yamabasa kwakawandasaidzo, zvinotapura mamirioni pabasa gore negore maererano neU.S.

Kuchengeteka Kubasa Noutano

Occupational Safety and Health Act (Act yeUSH) inopa vashandi maruramiro kunzvimbo yebasa isina ngozi dzinozivikanwa dzinoparira kana kuti dzingaparira rufu kana kuti kuvadziko yakakomba mumuviri. Vashandi vanogona kukumbira kunzverwa, kushuma kuvadziko pasina matsive, uye mashoko pamusoro pengozi dzebasa namaruramiro avo pasi pomutemo. Vashandirwi vanofanira kugovera rovedzo yakafanira, midziyo inodzivirira, uye kuchengeta marekodhi ekuvadziko nezvirwere zvebasa zvine chokuita nechirwere.

Kudzivirira Kurwisa Kunzwa Uchipo

Mitemo yeFoold Federal I yeTitle VII yeChibvumirano cheChibvumirano cheChinetseko cha1944, American ane Diccultal Act (ADA), uye Age Discrimination in Observe Act (ADEA) inorambidza vashandirwi kushurikidza vashandi vakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano (kubatanidza kuva napamuviri, mirangariro yevatano, uye kuzivikanwa kwechirume), mavambo orudzi, urema, kana kuti zera (40 nerefurefu) kunosimbisa iyi mitemo, kunzvera mhaka uye zviitiko zvinopa mhaka pamusoro pevanyajambwa. Hurumende nemitemo yomunzvimbomo ingawedzera kudzivirira mamwe mapoka akadai semamiriro ezvinhu eroorano, mashoko emavara okugara nhaka, uye mugariro.

Kuunganidza Nokuronga

National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) inopa vashandi vesekete vomunhu oga maruramiro okuumba, kukumbanira, kana kuti kubetsera masangano avashandi, kutaurirana pamwe chete kupfurikidza navamiriri vorusarudzo rwavo vamene, uye kupinda mumibato yakabatana — yakadai sokukurukura mibairo kana kuti kushanda navashandi biyavo — nokuda kweyamuro kana kuti dziviriro. Vashandirwi vanorambidzwa kudzongonyedza idzi kodzero, kubatanidza kutyisidzira, kana kuti kutsiva vashandi vanovarovedza.

Kunzwisisa Kusunungurwa Kwevanhu Vomunyika Imwe Chete Mubasa

Rusununguko rwomunhu oga runodzivirirwa nomutemo, rwakadai sorusununguko rwokutaura, kuva woga, uye muitiro wakafanira. Nepo idzi maruramiro achisanogadzwa muupenyu hwavanhu vose, kushandira kwawo munzvimbo yebasa kazhinji kazhinji kwakaganhurirwa zvikuru, zvikurukuru nokuda kwavashandi vesekete. Kuziva miganhu yerusununguko rwavagari vemo pabasa kunobetsera kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva uye kuzvidzivirira vamene pakunyengera.

Rusununguko Rwokutaura Nokutaura

First Amendment inowanzoganhurira chiito chehurumende bedzi, kureva kuti vashandirwi vavanhu vanogona kuisa ganhuriro dzine mufungo pakutaura kwavashandi. Zvisinei, National Labor Relations Board inodzivirira zvimiro zvakati zvekutaura kwakabatana — kukurukura mibairo, kana kuti chiito cheboka — kunyange munzvimbo dzamabasa dzapachivande. Vashandi vesekete ravanhu vanofarikanya dziviriro huru yapachena, asi vangangotarisana neganhuriro kana kutaura kwavo kukavhiringidza mabasa ebasa kana kuti kubatanidza mashoko akavanzika. Mitemo ye Whislectleer inodzivirirawo vashandi vanoshuma mibato isiri yapamutemo kana kuti kuputsa mutemo wekotsekano, pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo yenzvimbo.

Kuwana Nguva Yokuva Woga

Vashandi vane kariro ine mufungo yechivande munharaunda dzakati dzebasa, asi iyi maruramiro haisati iri yakakwana. Vashandirwi vangatarira makombiyuta ebasa, email, uye runhare chero bedzi vachiita kudaro mutsika isiri inonyandura uye vanogovera ziviso. Electronic Communications Leach Act nemitemo yakasiana----monel inodzora miitiro yokutarisira. Vanokarira dziviriro dzakavanzika huru nokuda kwezvinhu zvomunhu oga, varobhoroyi, uye mufambiro wokusafamba. Vashandirwi havagoni kunzvera motokari yomunhu oga yekambani pasina bvumirano, uye havafaniri kupinda mumitengo yakavanzika yenhau dzenzanga. Masangano mazhinji anodzivisa kukumbira vashandirwi kuti vasakumbire mashoko kunhau dzavo dzomunhu oga.

Dziviriro Pakunzvera Kusina Kururama

Kurambidza kweGavhura rechiChina kurambidza kusina mufungo kunoshanda kuvashandirwi vehurumende, asi kunzvera kwomutevedzeri wesekete kwapachivande kunowanzodzorwa nemitemo yetoga negadziriro yekambani. vashandirwi vazhinjisa vomunhu oga vanogona kuitisa kunzvera kune mufungo zvinhu zvekambani — kubatanidza madhesiki, makombiyuta, uye madare apamutemo — chero bedzi vane chikonzero chebhizimisi chapamutemo uye vasingaputsi dziviriro dzapamutemo dzipi nedzipi. Vashandirwi vanofanira kusanohwirudzura mitemo yavashandirwi vavo namabhuku kuti vanzwisise ukoshi hwechivande vanogona kukarira.

Mibato Yezvamatongerwe Enyika Nomufambiro Woupenzi

Mitemo inoverengeka ine mitemo inodzivirira vashandi pamabasa avo akaipa akavakirwa pamibato yavo yezvamatongerwe enyika, zvisarudzo zvokuvhota, kana kuti kusatenderwa pamutemo. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nyika dzinorambidza vashandirwi kupfura vashandi nokuda kwokushandisa zvigadzirwa zvapamutemo (sefodya kana kuti zvinodhaka) kunze kwebasa. Mutemo weFederal unodzivirirawo vashandi pakumanikidzwa pamusoro pemipiro yezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti tsigiro yavada kupiwa. Vashandi vanofanira kuziva nezvedziviriro dzavo dzehurumende dziri dzoga, sokusadzivirira kwakafara mutemo wehurumende kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika muchikamu chavanhu.

Kukosha Kwokuziva Kodzero Dzako

Kuziva basa uye rusununguko rwevagari vemo hakusi kungodzidza chete; kunotapura zvakananga mano omushandi okuchengeta kubatwa kwakarurama, muripo, uye chiremera. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti vashandi vazhinji havanzwisisi zvizere kodzero dzavo — nzvero yePew yokunzvera yakawana kuti 45% bedzi yavashandi veUnited States yaiziva kuti vaigona kudzivirirwa pakutsiva nokuda kwokushuma nhau dzekotsekano dzebasa. Uku kushaiwa zivo kunogona kutungamirira kukushandisa zvisina kufanira, kushuma kuputsa, uye kuderera kwetsika dzebasa.

Kuziva maruramiro ako kunokupa simba rokuita — kungava kunoreva kunyora mubhadharo, kukumbira nzvimbo yokugara nokuda kweremapurisa, kana kuti kuramba migove yebasa isina kukotsekana. Kunobetserawo kuziva apo muitiro womufambiro unodarika mutsetse wapamutemo. Somuenzaniso, nhevedzano yemajee ourudzi kana kuti miitiro yokubvisa kupfurikidza nabaphathi ingaumba kunetswa pasi peTitlet VII, kunyange kana pasina munhu anopfupikisa zvakajeka. Kunzwisisa mutemo kunokugonesa kunyora ufakazi uye kutsvaka mishonga yakafanira.

Uyezve, vashandi vane ruzivo vanoita kuti zvinhu zvive nani.Vashandi pavanonzwisisa zvavanofanira kuita uyewo kodzero dzavo, kazhinji kacho vangakurukura vachiremekedza, vachitevedzera mitemo yokudzivirira ngozi, uye vachibatanidzwa mukugadzirisa zvinetso zvinovaka zvinowirirana nevashandirwi vavo.

Nzira Yokutsigira Nayo Kodzero Dzako

Kuita nokukurumidza uye nenzira yokungwarira kunogona kuita musiyano pakati pechishuvo chapera nemukana wokurasikirwa neruramisiro.

Danho 1: Zvidzidzise Zvakakwana

Qudzira kupfurikidza nokuhwirudzura zviwanikwa zvapamutemo: Department of Labor’s peji neawa , EOC] yewebsite yezvorusaruro [ nokuda kwenhungamiro, uye OSHA [[FLT]] maruramiro ekotsekano. Madhipatimendi akawanda ehurumende anopawo zvikamu zvenhau dzakajeka. Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoshanda kumugariro wako — somuenzaniso, marovhara akazvino abviswa mudziviriro dzakawanda dzeFLSA.

Nhano 2: nyora Zvinhu Zvose

Tsvaka chinyorwa chezvinoitika, kubatanidza misi, nguva, vanhu vanobatanidzwa, uye kurukurirano ipi neipi (tsamba, mashoko, zvinonyorwa kubva mumisangano). Chengeta makopi ezvigumburiso zvemari inobhadharwa, kuhwirudzura, mabhuku, uye mitemo yakanyorwa. Kana wakakuvadzwa pabasa, shuma kuvadziko nokukurumidza uye nyora. Ufakazi hunowirirana hunokosha nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri nyunyuto dzomukati nezvinoitika zvapamutemo.

Danho 3: Udza Kuti Vanhu Vanenge Vachipopotedzana

Muudze mushandirwi wako nyaya dzacho, ramba uchitora mushumo wako uye pindura chero ipi zvayo.

Danho 4: Tsvaka Kubatsirwa Nevamwe

Kana kushuma kwomukati kukakundikana kana kuti kutsiva kukaitika, nyorera sangano rehurumende kana kuti gweta rapachivande. Dare reEOC rinobata kupomerwa kworusaruro, Department of Labor inomanikidzira kubhadharwa nemitemo yekotsekano, uye madhipatimendi ehurumende ebasa anogona kubudisa nharo. Masangano ebasa namapoka ezvipfurori seProvice Fairness anogovera nhungamiro yapachena nezvinopa. Masangano emitemo anogona kubetsera vashandi vanowana mari vakaderera kufambira mberi mamiriro ezvinhu.

Danho 5: Ziva Vakafa

Kuda mari inobhadharwa neFLSA kunosiyana - siyana.

Kupunzwa Kunozivikanwa Navose Kwamaruramiro Ebasa

Kunzwisisa marudzi anowanzoitwa kunogona kukubatsira kuziva kana chimwe chinhu chisina kururama, pasinei zvapo nemitemo yakasimba, kuputswa kwemabasa kwakapararira.

Kuvengesa Nokusanzwisisa

Kuba mari kunobatanidza kupedza nguva yakawandisa isingabhadharwi, basa risingabhadhari mari shomanene, mari shomanene isati iri yapamutemo, uye kukundikana kubhadhara mibhadharo yokupedzisira. Chimwe chimiro chakapararira kurondedzerwa zvisina kururama — kuzivisa vashandi savazvimiriri vezvibvumirano kana kuti kusada kupedza nguva kuti vadzivise kubhadhara betsero neovhataimu. Economic Policy Institute inofungidzira kuti kurongedzesa zvitsama zviuru zvavashandi zvemadhora gore negore. Department of Labor’s Wage ne Hour Division yakawana mari inopfuura mabhiriyoni US $27274 (Z $5665) mumirimo yokupedzisira.

Kusarura uye Kunetswa

Rusarura runogona kuva rusinganyatsoonekwi, kusanganisira kupinza basa mumaoko, mari isina kuenzana, kana kuti kushayikwa kwemikana yokukwidziridza. Kunetswa kunovambira pamajee anotsamwisa nokushatirwa kusvika pakusangana kunyama kusingadiwi.

Mamiriro Ebasa Asina Kuchengeteka

Gore roga roga, zviuru zvevashandi zvinofa pabasa uye mamiriyoni anokuvara. Kodzero yokuramba basa risina kukotsekana ikotsekana asi kazhinji kazhinji hainzwisiswi zvakanaka — unofanira kutanga kukumbira kuti mushandirwi aruramise ngozi yacho, uye ngozi yacho inofanira kuva ngozi yorufu kana kuti kukuvara kwakakomba.

Kudzorera Kwokupfura

Kudzorera kunobatanidza kupfura, kuderedza, kuderedza maawa, kana kuti kuita mhoteredzo ine utsinye mukupindura mushandi anoshuma basa risiri repamutemo. Mitemo yakawanda inorambidza zvakananga kutsiva, asi tyisidziro inoramba iri yakakurumbira. Vashandirwi vangashandisa zvikonzero zvisati zvanyorwa kuvashandi vanoranga vanomutsa zvinetso, vachiita rugwaro nenhungamiro yapamutemo inokosha.

Dziviriro Dzapamutemo Dzinowanika

Kunzwisisa mitemo mikuru nemasangano anotarisira kudzora kunokosha kuti pave nourongwa hwokuva pamutemo.

  • Fair Labor Standard Act (FLSA) — inogadza mari shoma, nguva yomuraudzo, uye mipimo yebasa repwere.
  • Title VII yeChibvumirano cheRudzi [ — inorambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, uye mavambo orudzi.
  • American neAct (ADA) — inoda pokugara pakafanira uye inorambidza rusaruro pavanhu vakakwaniriswa vane urema.
  • [ Age Displation in Act yeOrough Act (ADEA) — inodzivirira vashandi 40 navakuru kubva mukusarura kwakavakirwa pazera.
  • Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) — inovimbisa migariro yokushanda yakakotsekana uye inopa vashandi maruramiro okushuma ngozi.
  • [[NTO:0] National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) — inodzivirira maruramiro okuronga, kudyidzana pamwe chete, uye kubatanidzwa mumubato wakabatana.
  • Mhuri neMedical Let Act (FMLA) — inopa vashandi vakakodzera zororo kuvhiki 12 dzokusabhadharwa, dzakadzivirirwa pabasa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvemhuri kana kuti zvezvokurapa.
  • Wattleer Protection Laws — vashandi vanodzivirira avo vanoshuma kuputswa kwomutemo womubatanidzwa, zvakadai sekotsekano yebasa kana kuti kubiridzira mune zvemari.

Mukuwedzera, nyika dzakawanda dzine mitemo inowedzera padziviriro dzehurumende — somuenzaniso, kugovera zororo rokurwara rinobhadharwa, zororo remhuri rinobhadharwa, kana kuti mibhadharo yakaderera zvikuru. Kumanikidzirwa kunotarisirwa zvikurukuru neBato reBasa reU.S. EOC, OSSAC, uye masangano ebasa. Kukwirira mumhiko womunhu oga inzirawo yokutsvaka kuvadziko, kubatanidza kudzosa, nhamo yemirangariro, uye mibhadharo yemitengo yegweta.

Zvinhu Zvinowanikwa Vashandi

Kana uchida betsero kunzwisisa kana kuti kutaura maruramiro ako, chiverengero chakati chezviwanikwa zvakavimbika chinowanika:

  • U.S. Dhipatimendi reBasa (DOL) — [[[FT:2] dral.gov — mashoko pamusoro pemibayiro, maawa, kotsekano, maruramiro enyanzvi dzenguva refu, uye akawanda.
  • [ Actroup Opportunity Commission (EOC) — [eoc.gov — inobata pomero uye inogovera nhungamiro pakodzero dzako.
  • Safety and Health Administration (OSA) — osha.gov[ — mipimo yekotsekano yebasa, kunyunyuta, uye zvishandiso zvokurovedza.
  • [[NT]National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) — [ nlb.gov[ — mashoko pamusoro pekodzero dzemubatanidzwa nemiitiro yebasa isina kururama.
  • Kushandira Nzvimbo Yakanaka [ — nzvimbo dzinoshandira.org — mafaira eyamuro netsananguro dzomutauro wakapfava dzemitemo yebasa.
  • [[[NHAU]] , .[ — wana yamuro yapamutemo yapachena munharaunda yako nokuda kwavanhu vanowana mari yakaderera.
  • mibatanidzwa yebasa yapanzvimbo imwe chete — inogona kugovera kumirira uye simba reboka rinokwikwidza.

Nyika dzakawanda dzinoshandawo mumadhipatimendi ebasa anopa mabhaisikopo anokurumidza uye mahombekombe epaIndaneti.

mhedziso

Kodzero dzebasa nerusununguko rwevagari vemo zviripo kuti zvidzikamise kupesana kwesimba raunoberekwa naro pakati pavashandirwi navashandi. Nokugara wakaziviswa, hausati uchingozvidzivirira bedzi asiwo unobetsera kutsika yokururamisira nokuzvidavirira pabasa. Mutemo unogovera zvishandiso zvokudenha kubatwa kusina kururama, kuwana mibayiro inobiwa, uye kuraira kukotsekana — asi aya maturusi anobatira bedzi apo vashandi vanoziva nzira yokuashandisa nayo. Kukuita kuva nzvimbo yokutanga kunzwisisa kodzero dzako, kusvika kupfuma inotendwa apo kunodikanwa, uye kusatongozengurira kutsvaka zano repamutemo kana uchifunga kuti kuputsa kwaitika.