Table of Contents

Chiziviso Chorusununguko chinomira sechimwe chezvinyorwa zvinopesvedzera zvikurusa munhau yomunhu, chichitanga nheyo dzinokosha dzinopfuurira kuumba udzori hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu nokutora rutivi kwavagari vemo munyika yose. Chinogamuchirwa pana July 4, 1776, urwu rugwaro rwokuchinja rwakaita zvinopfuura zvikuru kuzivisa kuparadzana kweAmerica neGreat Britain () kwakazivisa chiono chakashinga chekodzero dzavanhu, kuva pamutemo kwehurumende, uye mutoro wehurumende izvo zvinoramba zvichishanda zvikuru nhasi.

Chiziviso chacho chinotaura nheyo padzinovakirwa hurumende yedu, uye kuzivikanwa kwedu sevaAmerica. Kunzwisisa kuti iyi chinyorwa chenheyo inotungamirira sei kutora rutivi ndokudzivirira maruramiro omunhu mumwe nomumwe kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kupinda zvine revo munzanga yedemocracy. Uku kunzvera kukuru kunonzvera nheyo huru dzeChibvumirano, mashoko acho enhau, uye pesvedzero yazvo inopfuurira pabvumirano yehurumende yazvino uno.

Nhoroondo Nemavambo Emhindumupindu

Chiziviso Chokuzvimirira chakabuda munguva chaiyo apo vagari vomuAmerica vakatarisana nezvavaifunga kuti kuputswa kwekodzero dzavo kwakarongwa neHurumende yeBritain.

Thomas Jefferson akanga ari muiti mukuru weChiziviso naJames Madison weBill of Rights; Madison, pamwe chete naGouverneur Morris naJames Wilson, vakanga variwo vamwe vavaki vakuru veBumbiro Romutemo. Jefferson akakweva paruzivo Rwekuvhenekerwa, zvikurukuru pamabhuku aJohn Locke, pamwe chete nemagwaro apakuvamba ehurumende yokumwe kuti aite mashoko aizonzwika muzvizvarwa.

Kupfurikidza nokubvuma kwaJefferson amene, Declaration yacho yakanga isina pfungwa dzapakuvamba, asi panzvimbo pezvo yakanga iri kutaura kwemirangariro yakagoveranwa zvikuru navatsigiri veChinjo yeAmerica. Ichi chisarudzo chamaune chakaita kuti gwaro racho rive rine simba zvikuru(iro rakabudisa pfungwa dzakanga dzichitanga mumufungo wezvamatongerwe enyika weAmerica kwamakumi amakore, dzichipa inzwi kunheyo idzo vagari vomumakoroni vaitokoshesa.

Mavambo Edzidziso

Misimboti youzivi yeChibvumirano ichi inodzokera shure kurondedzero yomutemo yomusikirwo nebvumirano yenzanga. Mashoko okuti kubvumira vadzorwi' anogona kurondwa kudzokera shure kurondedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika yomuzivi weEngland John Locke, uyo akatanga kusimbisa iyi pfungwa mubasa rake rechi1689 'Treases of Government's. Chibvumikiso chaLocle chaiva chokuti chiremera chepamutemo chezvamatongerwe enyika chinotorwa mukubvumira kwavadzorwi, chibvumirano chenzanga chinoronzesa zviremera nesimba pamugariro wokuti ivo vanodzivirira maruramiro omuzvarirwo oupenyu, rusununguko, uye pfuma.

Manyuko aJefferson akakurumidza zvikurusa akanga ari magwaro maviri akanyorwa muna June 1776: kunyora kwake amene mashoko okutanga eBumbiro reMitemo reVirginia, uye kunyorwa kwaGeorge Mason kweziviso yeVirginia yekodzero. Ideas uye zvitsama zvamashoko zvinobva muaya ose ari maviri zvakabva muChiziviso cheIndecture of Independence. Uku kunyorwa kwepfungwa dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzaivapo kwakatanga chinyorwa chakanga chakarovedzeka nechakachinja.

Nheyo Dzemitemo: Zvokwadi Dzakajeka Nekodzero Dzisingachinji

Chirevo cheChiziviso chacho chiri mundima yacho yechipiri, ine mamwe amashoko akakurumbira zvikurusa mumutauro wechiNgezi. Tinorangarira idzi zvokwadi kuva dzinooneka, kuti vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana, kuti vakapiwa noMusiki wavo nekodzero dzakati dzisingachinji, kuti pakati paidzi pane Upenyu, Rusununguko nokurondwa kwoMufarwa.---Kudzivirira kodzero idzi, Hurumende dzinogadzwa pakati pavarume, dzichiwana masimba avo akarurama kubva mukubvumira kwevadzorwi, -- Chero apo Muitiro upi noupi weHurumende unova unoparadza migumisiro iyi, ikodzero yavanhu yokuichinja kana kuti kuiparadza, uye kuumba Hurumende itsva.

Nheyo Yokuenzana

Kutaura kwokuti "vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana" kwakamirira kubva kukuru kubva mugadziriro dzenzanga dzechikurusa idzo dzakadzora mativi mazhinji enyika muna 1776. Chiziviso chinosimbisa kuti izvi zvokwadi zvinoti zvinozviratidzira timene, kuti vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana. Kutonga kwokuenzana kwakabatana kunobatanidzwa nokusikwa kworudzi rwomunhu naMwari.

Chiziviso Chokuzvimirira chakataura kuti vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana sezvokwadi inooneka. Vakanzi vaikudzwa zvakaenzana noMusiki wavo nekodzero dzakati dzisingaparadzaniswi, kuti pakati paidzodzi pane Upenyu, Rusununguko nokurondwa kwoMufarwa." Pamavambo pazvo, Declaration of Independence inoti vanhu vose vakaenzana mukuva nekodzero dzakati dzomusikirwo.

Nheyo iyi yokuenzana yakabatira somupimo wetsika munhau yose yeAmerica, kunyange apo muitiro wacho waikundikana kuva wakafanira.

Kunzwisisa Kodzero Dzisingataurwi

Pfungwa yokuti, “hazvingabviri kutorwa ” (dzimwe nguva yakanyorwa sainoti“ hakuna kutsaurwa") kodzero dzinokosha kuuzivi hweChirevo. Chisingataurwi kana kuti chisingataurwi inoreva zvinhu zvisingagoni kupiwa kana kutorwa. Kodzero idzi dzinoberekwa nemunhu pachawo, kwete nehurumende kana kuti nzanga.

Kodzero dzisingaparadzwi ikodzero dzatisingakwanisi kurega, kunyange kana tichida kurasa.

Chiziviso chacho chinozivisa zvakananga maruramiro matatu asingataurwi nemhosho, upenyu, rusununguko, uye kurondwa kwomufarwa (apo mashoko a "pakati paidzi" anoratidzira kuti idzi hadzina kukwaniswa. Anobatanidza maruramiro okunamata Mwari "mukuwirirana nemirairo yehana," maruramiro e "mufaro woupenyu norusununguko," "mitoo yokuwana, kuva nenzvimbo inodzivirira, uye kutsvaka nokuwana mufarwa nekotsekano," uye, zvinokosha zvikurusa, maruramiro oruzhinji rwavanhu ku "kudzosa nekuparadza" hurumende yavo panguva ipi neipi yainotyisidzira kuvhozhotera maruramiro omuzvarirwo panzvimbo pokuvadzivirira.

Chinangwa Chehurumende

Chiziviso chinosimbisa donzo rakajeka nerinoganhurirwa nokuda kwehurumende: kudzivirira maruramiro asingaparadzaniswi avanhu. Irori rinomirira chinjo huru kubva mumifungo yapakuvamba yehurumende seyaivapo nokuda kwembiri yamambo kana kuti simba rehurumende. Panzvimbo pezvo, hurumende inova chishandiso (nenzira) kumugumo panzvimbo pomugumo makuri kumene.

Kodzero idzodzo dzinosanganisira kodzero dzemitemo dzinozivikanwa nevanhu vose, dzinobva kuBritain dzakadai seMagna Carta, kana kuti kodzero dzomusikirwo, idzo, vaiti, Vavambi vadzo, vaidavira kuti dzakabva kuna Mwari.

Kubvumira Vane Utongi: Vavambirwe Nechiremera Chomutemo

Zvichida hapana nheyo iri muChibvumirano ine revo yakananga kukutora rutivi kunopfuura mufungo we “kubvumira vadzorwi. ” Iyi pfungwa inochinja zvikurukuru ukama pakati pavatongi ndokutonga, ichisimbisa kuti chiremera chehurumende chinokwira chichibva kuvanhu panzvimbo pokukwira kubva kumadzimambo kana kuti vakakwirira.

Icho Chinobvumira Vatungamiriri

Muuzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika, kubvumira kunodzorwa ipfungwa yokuti kodzero yehurumende yokururama netsika yokushandisa simba rehurumende inoruramiswa uye inobvumirwa bedzi apo inotenderwa navanhu kana kuti nzanga iyo simba iroro rezvamatongerwe enyika rinoshandiswa. Iyi nheyo inopesana zvikuru nerondedzero dzokutonga kwoumwari kana kuti norukundo.

Kupfurikidza nokubvuma kwavadzorwi, vaAmerica muna 1776 vakareva vanhu kupa kubvumira kwavo zviito zvehurumende kupfurikidza nomuitiro wokumirira, sezvo kunze kwemisangano duku yetaundi reNew England, hapana munhu akadavira kuti vanhu vose zvavo vaigona kuzvidzora vamene. Kuitwa kunoshanda kweiyi nheyo kwaida miitiro iri kusimukira yomufananidzo iyo yaigona kushandura kuda kwakakurumbira muchiito chehurumende.

Kuratidzirwa Kunoitwa Kubvuma

Kubvuma kuti hurumende ive yakarurama kuburikidza nokubvumirana kwevagari vemo vayo nokuzvidira.

Utongi hunosarudzwa navanhu hwazvino uno hunoziva miitiro inoverengeka iyo vagari vemo vanoratidzira kubvumira kwavo:

  • Kutora rutivi kwokusagona: nguva dzose, pachena, uye sarudzo dzakarurama kunopa vagari vemo mutoo wakananga wokubvumira nawo utungamiriri hwehurumende nenhungamiro dzemitemo.
  • REMVURA romutemo: Mitemo nematare zvinodzvinyirira simba rezvamatongerwe enyika, zvichivimbisa kuti udzori hunonamatira kumipimo inobvumiranwa.
  • Kurangarira kwePublic: Kunopa maruramiro enharo, tsinhiro yavose, uye NGO kunopesvedzera zvisarudzo zvemiitiro ndokuratidzira kubvuma kupfurikidza nenzanga yavagari vemo.
  • [ Kuchinja kworugare kwesimba: Kuva pamutemo kwegadziriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika kunosimbiswa apo simba rinochinja maoko pasina kumanikidza kana kuti masimba.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwouchangamire Hwakakurumbira

Kubvumira kwavadzorwi kwakanga kuri pakati peZiviso yeKuzvimirira. Thomas Jefferson akanyora muiyi chinyorwa chehwaro, kuti: “Hurumende dzinotangwa pakati pavanhu, dzichiwana masimba avo akarurama kubva mukubvumirana kwavadzorwi. ” Ikoku kunopesana zvikuru nesimba rinotungamirira panguva yacho, korona yeBritain.

Zvichemo zvavarwi vamakoroni pamusoro peBritain zvakanangidzirwa zvikurukuru pakuputswa kweiyi nheyo. Chitsama chinenge chitsama chemashoko chinoziva kuti nhasi vaAmerica vose vakaberekwa mukati menguva ino, "Hapana mutero pasina kumirira." Paramende yeBritain yakanga iri kukwidziridza mitero panzvimbo dzavagari veAmerica pasina kuva navamiriri muParamende. Uku kuputswa kwenheyo yokubvumira kwakava kudanidzira kwokumukira.

Kodzero Yokuva Nevagari Vemo Kana Kuti Hurumende yeNyika YavaAmba

Imwe yenheyo dzinoramba zvikuru dziri muChiratidzo chacho ndeyokutaura kuti vanhu havana kodzero chete asi vane mutoro wokuchinja kana kuti kubvisa hurumende dzinokundikana kudzivirira kodzero dzavo.

Apo Hurumende Inova Inoparadza

Chiziviso chinobvuma zviteshi zvapamutemo: Kuti pose apo Muitiro upi noupi weHurumende unova unoparadza weaya madonzo, iKodzero yaVanhu kuichinja kana kuti kuiparadza, uye kugadza Hurumende itsva, kuisa hwaro panheyo dzakadaro, uye kuronga masimba ayo muchimiro chakadaro, sezvo kwavari kucharatidzika kuva sezvingabvira zvikurusa kuparira Saveko yavo noMufarwa. Mashoko okuti "Kudzidzisa Kwaaya Magumo" anonongedzera kukuparadzwa kwekodzero dzisingachinjiki idzo hurumende yehurumende yevagari vemo inotangwa pakuvamba kuchengetedza.

Iyi maruramiro haafaniri kushandiswa nenzira yokurerutsa. Chiziviso chimene chinobvuma kuti "Kutonga, zvamazvirokwazvo, kucharaira kuti Hurumende dzakatangwa kwenguva refu dzisafanira kuchinjwa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvechiedza nezvisingachinjiki. ” Zvisinei, apo mutoo wokushatisa unoratidzira gadziriro yokuderedza vanhu muudzvinyiriri hwakakwana, hachisati chichingova maruramiro chete asi basa rokurasa hurumende yakadaro.

Zvirongwa zvazvino uno

Pasinei zvapo namavambo okupandukira eUnited States, kupandukira kwamasimba masimba mukurwisana noudzvinyiriri nhasi hakuwanzorangarirwa somuenzaniso kana kuti kunyange mitoo yapamutemo nokuda kwehurumende dzinodzvinyirira dzinochinja. Muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa zvazvino uno zvokukurirwa kwoudzvinyiriri, kutsutsumwa kune rugare uye kudzivisa kwavanhu kwakarongwa kwave kuri nzira inobudirira zvikuru kupfurikidza nayo kukurira udzvinyiriri ndokutanga kuzvitonga.

Muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakatangwa, kodzero yokuchinja hurumende inoshandiswa nenzira dzinoshandiswa zvikuru: sarudzo, kugadziridza, kuratidzira, uye kunyunyuta kune rugare. Nheyo yacho inoramba iri inokosha secherekedzo pasimba rehurumende nechiyeuchidzo chokuti chiremera chikuru chiri pavanhu.

Pesvedzero Yezvibvumirano Zvekodzero Dzevanhu

Munhau yose yeAmerica, mapoka anotsvaka kukudza kodzero nokutora rutivi akatendeukira kuChiziviso samanyuko echiremera chetsika neruramiso youzivi. Mutauro wacho wapose pose pamusoro pokuenzana kwavanhu nekodzero wakachiita chishandiso chine simba nokuda kwechinjo yenzanga.

Kupiwa Ruramisiro Nekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Nyanzvi yezvokusarudza dzinza Frederick Douglas akafunga kuti nheyo dzaiva murugwaro rwacho dzakanga dziri "dzinoponesa nheyo" mujambwa rorudzi. Purezidhendi Abraham Lincoln akataura kuti nheyo idzodzo dzakanga dziri "kuzvitutumadza neaiom yenzanga yakasununguka." Vatungamiriri ava vakaziva kuti nheyo dzeChibvumirano, dzainzwisiswa zvakafanira, dzaishurikidza uranda norusaruro rwedzinza.

Mukati mesangano rekodzero dzevanhu muma1960, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. akati muhurukuro yake yakakurumbira paLincoln Chirangaridzo, “Apo vagadziri vehurumende yedu yapamutemo vakanyora mashoko akaisvonaka eBumbiro Remitemo neSimbidziro reKuzvimirira, vakanga vachisaina tsamba yakanyorwa kuti muAmerica wose aizozowana mugari wenhaka.

Kodzero Dzavakadzi

PaSeneca Falls Convention muna 1848, apo vatsigiri vokuwana maruramiro makuru zvikuru nokuda kwavakadzi vakasangana, ivowo, vakashandisa Declaration of Independence senhungamiro yokunyora Mutemo wavo weMisiano. (Nhamburiko dzavo dzokuwana tsigiro yakaenzana dzakaguma muna 1920 mukusimbiswa kweMendeko yeChinetso Yechi 19, iyo yakapa vakadzi maruramiro okuvhota.)

Kutanga muma1820, misiano yeSimbiso yakabudiswa yokuzivisa maruramiro avashandi, varimi, vakadzi, uye vamwe. Somuenzaniso, muna 1848, Seneca Falls Convention of logs yavakadzi yakazivisa kuti “varume vose navakadzi vanosikwa vakaenzana.

Pesvedzero Yenyika Yose

Chiratidzo chacho chakabvumikisa kuva kutaura kune simba uye kune simba munyika yose pakodzero dzevanhu.Mitemo yacho yakanyandura masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu munyika yose, uye Chikamu 21 cheChibvumirano Chenyika Yose cheChibatanwa chaMarudzi cha 1948 chinoti, “Chido chavanhu chichava hwaro hwechiremera chehurumende.

Mugari Wemo Anoitawo Zvaari: Kodzero Nemabasa Aanoita

Nheyo dzeChiziviso chacho dzinogadza kwete bedzi kodzero asiwo mitoro nokuda kwavagari vemo munzanga inozvishandisa vamene. Kutora rutivi kwokushingaira kunokosha kuchengeta kubvumirano yavadzorwi nokuva nechokwadi chokuti hurumende iyoyo inobatira donzo rayo rakafanira rokudzivirira maruramiro.

Kudikanwa Kwokubatanidzwa Uchiziva

Chinokosha pakusarudza hurumende ndechekuti hurumende dzinotangwa dzichibvuma kutongwa, zvichiratidza kuti simba radzinoshandisa rinopiwa nevagari vemo pachavo.

Kutsigira zvinodavirwa nemagazini, kubudisa pachena zviito zvehurumende, uye kukurukurirana zvakajeka nezvemitemo inobatanidzwa kunosimbisa kubvuma kwauchiziva.

Marudzi Okugoverana

Kubvuma kunoitwa kuvhota hakungogumiri pakubvuma kutevedzerwa chete, kubvuma kutongwa kwedare, kubatanidzwa muhurukuro yavose, uye kuvimbisana kuti muwane mashoko.

Vagari vemo vanogona kutungamirira hurumende yegutsaruzhinji vachishandisa mikoto yakawanda:

  • Kuvhota muzvisarudzo pamwero yose: nharaunda, hurumende, uye sarudzo dzehurumende zvinobvumira vagari vemo kusarudza vamiriri ndokusarudza pazviteshi zvokuvhota
  • Kuramba uchiziva nezvenhau dzehurumende: Kurava mashoko kubva mumanyuko akavimbika, kurukurirano dzemiitiro, uye kudzidza pamusoro penzvimbo dzavada kuzoda kuenda kuhondo
  • Kugovera mukurukurirano dzomunzanga: kupinda horo dzetaundi, misangano yechikoro, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzavose apo zvisarudzo zvinoitwa
  • vatungamiriri vanozvidavirira: Kuonana navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, kutora rutivi mumiitiro youtariri, uye kuraira kuoneka
  • achitsvaka mukuramba kune rugare uye kushambadza: Kushandisa maruramiro eFirst Amendment kukumbira hurumende ndokutaura pamusoro penhau
  • Kubatira pamahumwe ehuru: Kutora rutivi mugadziriro yokutonga secherekedzo pasimba rehurumende
  • Kukwidza nokuda kwehofisi: Kutsvaka nzvimbo dzoutungamiriri kumuitiro wakananga nokudzora
  • Kubatanidza masangano ehurumende: Mapoka anoshanda panhau dzeitiro hanya yavanhu vose

Mutoro Wokuchengetedza Rusununguko

Rusununguko runotsamira pakuva nouchenjeri, ushingi, uye pfungwa yeruramisiro zviri madikanwa kuita chiito mukusarudza vatungamiriri vakanaka, uye mukuchengeta vatungamiriri ivavo kuzvibvumirano zvavo. Nheyo dzeChibvumirano chacho dzinogona bedzi kuchengetwa kupfurikidza nokuva mugari wemo anoshingaira.

Zvinoreva kuti vagari vomunyika vanopinda mukuvhota, kuramba vachiziva, uye kubatanidzwa muhurumende panhau dzavane hanya nadzo.

Kudzikamisa Kutonga Kukuru Nekodzero Dzokusarudza

Nheyo yokubvuma vadzorwi inomutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro penzira yokudzikamisa nayo kuda kwevoruzhinji nedziviriro yamaruramiro mashomanene. Simbiso yeChibvumirano pakodzero dzisingataurwi inogovera nhungamiro inokosha paiyi denho.

Basa Rokutonga Kukuru

Pakati penheyo dzinokosha zvikurusa dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu utongi huzhinji. Kubvuma kukuru hakuwanzowanwa. Gadziriro dzose dzedemocracy, naizvozvo, dzinoda kuti voruzhinji vabvume kuti hurumende inogadza ndokusarudza mitemo yayo. Pasina ruzhinji, kuita chisarudzo chedemocracy kunova kusingabviri.

Kudzivirira Ruramisiro Huduku

Zvisinei, mutemo woruzhinji haugoni kureva udzvinyiriri.

Kusimbisa kweChirevo kodzero dzisingachinji kunosimbisa kuti dzimwe kodzero dzinokosha hadzigoni kuputswa kunyange nevoruzhinji.

Zvinetso Zvokubvuma Zvinogutsa Muhurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu Yazvino Uno

Nepo nheyo dzeChibvumirano chacho dzichiri dzinokosha senguva dzose, hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzazvino uno dzinotarisana nedenho dzinokosha mukuva nechokwadi chokuti kubvumira kunodzorwa ndokwechokwadi uye kune revo.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvokuitawo Basa

Zvinetso zvinomuka apo kusakendenga kwomuvhoti, kusawirirana, kana kuti kusaita zvinhu zvakanaka kunodzivisa kutora rutivi kwechokwadi.

Miganhu inonangidzirwa kukuwedzera kunyoresa kwokuvhota kwakananga /, nzvimbo dzinowanika, uye dzidzo yehurumende yakasimba zvinobetsera kukurukura idzi nhau. Kubvisa mhinganidzo dzokutora rutivi kunosimbisa kuva pamutemo kweudzori hwehurumende yedemocracy.

Mugariro Wemashoko

Munhambo yokuwandisa kwamashoko uye mashoko asina kururama akarongwa namaune, kuva nechokwadi chokuti vagari vemo vanogona kupa kubvuma vachiziva kunopa denho dzechienzi. Nheyo dzeChibvumirano chacho dzinofungidzira kuti vanhu vanogona kuita zvisarudzo zvine mufungo pamusoro pokudzora kwavo, asi ikoku kunoda kusvika kumashoko akarurama uye mano okuyera kutaura kwokukwikwidzana.

Kuchengeta Kuzvidavirira

Kuvimba kwevanhu kunotsamira pakuita zvisarudzo zvinooneka, kuzvidavirira, uye pfungwa yokuti vatongi vanoremekedza kodzero dzebumbiro remitemo.

Apo kubvumirana kunoparadzwa, masangano anopindura kupfurikidza nokuchinja kwevavhoti kana kuti kwemitemo kuti adzorere kuva pamutemo.

Chiziviso Nehurumende Yebumbiro remitemo

Kunyange zvazvo Ziviso Yokuzvimirira pachayo isiri gwaro repamutemo rinoumba zvivako zvehurumende, nheyo dzaro dzakapesvedzera Bumbiro Remitemo zvikuru uye dzinopfuurira kuumba kududzira kwebumbiro remitemo.

Kubva Pakuzivisa Kuenda Kubumbiro Remitemo

Kusiyana nedzimwe magwaro okuvamba, Chiziviso Chorusununguko hachisungiswi pamutemo, asi chine simba. Abraham Lincoln akachidana kuti, kutuka nechigumbuso kuudzvinyiriri nokudzvinyirira. Chiziviso chinodudza kuti dare reAmerica rinotonga, nepo Bumbiro remitemo richigovera `papi.

Mugamuchidzanwa reAmerica, kubvumira kudzorwa inheyo yakavakirwa muChiziviso Chorusununguko, Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S., uye Bishopu yekodzero. Chibvumirano chinosimbirira kuti hurumende dzinowana "Masimba Adzo Akarurama Kubva kuThe Confand of the Goversed" Bumbiro reMitemo rinoumba masangano anomirira akarongedzerwa kuratidzira kubvumirana ikoko.

Kupedza Nzwisiso

Pakasvika 1787 - 1788, vaAmerica vazhinji vakanga vasvika pakudavira kuti ivo voga pakati pavanhu vomunyika yokuMadokero vakanzwisisa nheyo yechokwadi yebvumirano kupfurikidza nomufananidzo. Kupfurikidza bedzi nokushandura zvikuru nzira yamagamuchidzanwa umo vanhu vaitora rutivi muhurumende vaigona kuva nomufungo wehurumende. ipapo bedzi vaigona kutsanangura pfungwa yechinjo yokuti vanhu vaimirirwa zvakaenzana mumativi maviri kana kuti kupfuura kana kuti mwero yehurumende panguva imwe cheteyo.

Zvirongwa Zvinobatsira Vagari vemo Vanhasi

Kunzwisisa nheyo dzeChibvumirano chacho hakusi kungodzidza chete, kunochinja chaizvo mashandiro anoita vagari vemo nehurumende yavo uye nzanga yavo nhasi.

Kuchinja Zviito Zvehurumende

Chiziviso chacho chinogovera gadziriro yokuyera kana hurumende iri kuita basa rayo rakafanira.Vagari vemo vanofanira kubvunza, kuti:

  • Kodzero dzangu dzinokosha dziri kudzivirirwa kana kuti kupunzwa here?
  • Uyu muitiro unobatira fariro dzakafanana kana kuti chaidzoidzo here?
  • Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vari kuita vachibvumira vanotongwa here?
  • Pane nzira dzakakwana dzokuzvidavirira nokujeka here?
  • Ndinogona here kuita zvisarudzo zvine chinangwa zvine chokuita noupenyu hwangu?

Kusimbisa Kutora Rutivi Rwehurumende

Kusimbisa kunoda matanho anoshanda kuwedzera kutora rutivi, kujeka, uye kuzvidavirira. Kuwedzera kusvika kudzidzo yokuvhota neyomugari wemo. Kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwenhau dzehurumende uye kuronga mashoko pachena kuitira kuti vagari vemo vaongorore zviito zvehurumende. Kubatanidza kupfurikidza nokubvunza nzanga uye madare okutungamirira vanhu. Kudzivirira rusununguko rwevagari vemo kuva nechokwadi chokuti kuramba uchiramba uri rutivi rwakanaka rwoupenyu hwedemokrati. Nokusimudzira kuvimbisana kworuzivo, hurumende dzinogona kuchengetedza kusimba zvikuru nokubvuma.

Dzidzo Yemibatanidzwa Nokubatanidzwa

Kunzwisisa nheyo dzeChibvumirano kunokosha nokuda kwougari hwemo hunobudirira.

Vagari vemo vanofanira kutsvaka mikana yokukudza kunzwisisa kwavo nheyo dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kupfurikidza naidzi:

  • Kuverenga magwaro okutanga uye kuongorora zvakaitika kare
  • Kubatsira papurogiramu dzedzidzo uye kukurukura
  • Kupana mifungo yakasiana - siana pamibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo
  • Kudzidzisa zvizvarwa zviduku nheyo idzi
  • Kushandisa mazano aya panharo dzemagariro evanhu

Kutanga Kupfuurira Kweziviso Yacho

Mutsetse wechipiri weChiziviso, "Tinorangarira idzi zvokwadi kuva dzinozviratidza, kuti vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana, kuti vakapiwa noMusiki wavo nekodzero dzakati dzisingaparadzanisiki, idzo pakati paidzi ndiUpenyu, Rusununguko nokurondwa kwoMufarwa, dzinorangarirwa kuva imwe yemitsetse inokosha zvikurusa neyakakurumbira munhau yenyika. Muzvinafundo wePulitzer Mubayiro wakaitwa kuti uvepo Joseph Ellis akanyora kuti Chibvumirano chine "mashoko ane simba guru neanokosha zvikurusa munhau yeAmerica".

Anenge makore 250 pashure pokugamuchirwa kwayo, Gwaro Rokuzvimirira rinoramba richitungamirira mugari wemo kutora rutivi uye kudzivirira kodzero dzake munzira dzinoverengeka dzinokosha:

Mupimo Wokufema

Chiziviso chacho chinogadza mirangariro iyo isina nzanga yakaita zvizere asi inogovera mupimo wokuvavarira kwauri. Musiyano pakati penheyo nomuitiro wakasunda masangano okuchinja munhau yose yeAmerica, kubvira pakubviswa kusvikira kukodzero dzavagari vemo kusvikira kurwisano dzinopfuurira nokuda kwokuenzana neruramisiro.

Kunzvera Simba reHurumende

Nokutanga kuti hurumende iripo kuti ishumire vanhu uye kuti idzivirire kodzero dzavo, kwete neimwe nzira iri pedyo nedukuduku, Chiziviso chacho chinogovera hwaro hwouzivi hwokuganhurira simba rehurumende uye chinoita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire.

Kuda Kuva Mugari Womunyika Anoshingaira

Nheyo dzeChibvumirano hadzigoni kuchengetwa kupfurikidza nokubvuma kusingashandi. Dzinoda kushingaira, kuziviswa, uye kutsigirwa nokutora rutivi muvagari vemo. Gwaro racho rinotiyeuchidza kuti hatisati tichingova vanhuwo zvavo asi vagari vemo vane zvose zviri zviviri maruramiro nemitoro.

Shoko Rakaziviswa Munyika Yose

Inopfuurira kukurudzira vanhu kupota nyika kurwira rusununguko nokuenzana. Nepo zvakanyorwa mumashoko akapoteredza enhau chaiwo, nheyo huru dzeChiziviso pamusoro pechiremera chomunhu, kodzero, uye kuzvitonga dzine kushanda kwose.

Kupedzisa: Kurarama Nenheyo Dzemashoko Acho

Ziviso yeKuzvimirira inogovera zvinopfuura fariro yenhau —it inopa gadziriro mhenyu yokunzwisisa ukama pakati pavagari vemo nehurumende. Nheyo dzayo dzokuenzana, maruramiro asingachinjiki, kubvumira vanodzorwa, uye maruramiro okuchinja kana kuti kubvisa hurumende inoparadza zvinoramba zvichikosha nhasi seapo Jefferson akazvinyora muna 1776.

Nheyo idzi dzinotungamirira mugari wemo kupfurikidza nokutanga ikoko:

  • Vanhu vose vane kodzero dzinokosha idzo hurumende inofanira kuremekedza
  • Chiremera chehurumende chinobva mukubvuma kwavadzorwi
  • Vagari vemo vane kodzero uye mutoro wokutongawo
  • Hurumende iripo kuti ishumire vanhu, kwete kuti ibatsire
  • Apo hurumende inokundikana kudzivirira kodzero, vanhu vane kodzero yokudzichinja

Kudzivirira kodzero idzi uye kuchengeta hurumende yepamutemo kunoda kushingaira, kuva mugari wemo achiziva.

Chiziviso chinodenha chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe kuvandudza kuzvipira kwacho kuidzi nheyo dzakavakirwa ndokushandira kukuziva kwacho kwakazara. Chinotiyeuchidza kuti rusununguko hachisi chipo chinopiwa nehurumende asi maruramiro akaberekwa ari murudzi rwedu rwomunhu (_icho chinofanira kudzivirirwa nokushandiswa nenzira yokushingaira.)

Sezvatinotarisana nedenho dzapanguva imwe cheteyo nokudzora kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, uchenjeri hweChiziviso hunoramba huri hwakafanira zvinoshamisa. Simbiso yahwo pakodzero dzisingaparadzaniswi inopa dziviriro paudzvinyiriri hwakawanda. Kuomerera kwahwo pabvumirano yavarindi vanodzorwa mukurwisana nechiremera. Kuziva kwahwo kodzero yokuchinja hurumende kunogovera tariro yechinjo ine rugare.

Nokuda kwaavo vanotsvaka kunzwisisa basa ravo savagari vemo munzanga yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, Chiziviso Chorusununguko chinogovera nhungamiro yakajeka: Zivai maruramiro enyu omuzvarirwo, tora rutivi nokushingaira mukudzora, inoita kuti vatungamiriri vazvidavirire kuvanhu, uye haitongokanganwi kuti hurumende inowana masimba ayo akarurama mukubvuma kwako.Idzi nheyo, dzinonzwisiswa zvakafanira uye dzinoshandiswa, dzinoramba dziri hwaro hune chokwadi zvikurusa hwokudzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu oga oga nokuchengeta chaunga chakasununguka.

Kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peChiziviso cheKuzvimirira nepesvedzero yacho inopfuurira, shanyira Nhevedzano yeMari reNyika , nzvera zviwanikwa pa Constitution Center yeNyika], kana kuti batana nepurogiramu dzedzidzo yehurumende munzanga yenyu. Nheyo dza 1776 dzinomirira kwete bedzi kunzwisisa kwedu asi kuzvipira kwedu kuzviita chaiko munguva yedu timene.