Mukaha Woutano Hwepfungwa Munzvimbo Dzinotambirwa Mari Nhaka

Zvinetso zvendangariro zvinopa goverano huru yomutoro wenyika yose wehosha, bva voruzhinjisa vavanhu vanogara munharaunda dzinowanikwa dzakaderera havatongorapiki. World Health Organization (WHO) inofungidzira kuti pakati pe76% ne 85% yavanhu vane vhiringidziko dzakakomba dzendangariro munyika dzakakomba uye dzapakati napakati dzinowanika (LMS) dzinofamba pasina tarisiro ipi neipi. Mukahaha uyu unofambiswa nomuvhenganiswa wemadhora makuru pasi pokuwana, kuperevera kukuru kwenyanzvi dzezvina unyanzvi, uye kushatiswa kwenzanga munzanga. Muya dzakawanda dzeidzi, bhajeti yose yendangariro inokwana inokwana mari shomanene. U.S., inoenzaniswa namazana emadhora emadhora emadhora munyika dzinowa zvikuru.

Nzvimbo dzinowanikwa shoma kazhinji kazhinji dzinoshaiwa kunyange zvirongwa zvendangariro zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, musuo reSaharan Africa, mune varapi vendangariro vasingasviki vaviri pavanhu 100 000 paavhareji (vakaenzaniswa navanopfuura 10 pa 100 000 muEurope). Vanamukoti, vanachiremba, uye vashandi vezvoutano vomunzanga kazhinji kazhinji vanokumbirwa kuti vazadze mukaha wacho, asi vanowana zvishomanene kurovedzo yetsika muutano hwendangariro. Uku kushaikwa kunowedzerwa neidi rokuti mabasa outano hwendangariro anowanzoiswa munzvimbo dzomumaguta, vachisiya vagari vomuruwa vasina kutongosvikirirwa.

Mutsika dzakawanda, chirwere chepfungwa chinonzwisiswa sechiratidzo chokusava nesimba kwomunhu kana kuti kutuka, zvichiita kuti mhuri dzivande uye dzinyadziswe. Mhuri dzingavanda nhengo dzinenge dzabatwa nedambudziko, uye vanhu havatsvaki kubatsirwa kuti vatye kutadza kugarisana nevamwe.

Migumisiro yemari yechirwere chendangariro chisingarapiki yakakomba. Kuora mwoyo nefunganyo zvoga zvinoparira upfumi hwenyika yose mari inofungidzirwa kuva $1 mabhiriyoni emabhiriyoni pagore mukushaikwa kwebasa. Mumibairo yakaderera, umo mhuri dzinowanzotsamira pamubhadharo wezuva nezuva, kusakwanisa kushanda nemhaka yechirwere chendangariro kunopinza mhuri muurombo hukuru zvikuru. Ikoku kunoparira denderedzwa rinoparadza: urombo hunoparira nhamo yendangariro, nepo chirwere chendangariro chinopfuurira urombo. Kudzora ichi daro kupfurikidza nokubudirira, kupindira kuyamura hakusati kuri chinhu bedzi chinokosha mutsika asiwo chinodikanwa choupfumi.

Basa Reyamuro Yamarudzi Ose Mukudzora Mukaha

Yamuro yenyika yose yazova mutyairi anotsoropodza mukuwedzera mabasa outano hwendangariro munharaunda dzine urombo zvikurusa dzenyika. Nepo chitsama chebetsero yokukura nokuda kwoutano hwendangariro chinoramba chiri chikamu chiduku cheyamuro yose youtano (pakati pe1%) purogiramu dzakatapurwa dzakaratidza kuti kunyange kuisa mari mumugwagwa kune mwero kunogona kupa kuvandudziko huru. Rumuko runobetsera kupfuudza mitaro mizhinji, kubva kukuvakwa kwezviwiro zvomuviri kusvikira kuchinjo dzetsika.

Kutsigira Mari Yokutakura Vana

Imwe yemipiro inooneka zvikurusa yeyamuro kuvakwa nokushongedzerwa kwezvipatara zvendangariro. Munyika dzakadai seLiberia, Sierra Leone, uye Nepal, mari yokupa yakabetsera kuvaka mapoka ezvoutano hwendangariro anotsamira panzanga mukati mezvipatara zvipatara zvizhinji, ichitsiva kuvimba nemasangano endangariro dzinochengeta. Iyi mipiro inogovera kutarisira kwokusarapwa, nguva pfupi inosara, uye kutevera mabasa echipfupiso munzvimbo inovakwa netsvina. Aidwo inotsigira kuwanikwa kwemishonga yendangariro inokosha, iyo inowanzodhura mari kana kuti haishaikwi neketani dzomunzvimbomo. Mental Healthrection Action Programme (mGAP) yave iri chishandiso mukutungamirira vapi uye hurumende kuronga mutengo, ufakazi hunogona kupiwa pamwero mukuru wokutarisira.

Kurovedza uye Kukwanisa Kuvaka Vashandi Vane Utano

Gadziriro dzeyamuro dzinonangidzira ngwariro zvikuru parovedzo yavashandi vezvoutano vasiri vatsva, (‘FLT1]) uye Sangano reMiemo yeMagazini yeIndaneti yeIndaneti [ yakawana mapurogiramu okurovedza vanamukoti, uye kunyange vadzidzisi kuti vazive vhiringidzo dzendangariro, kugovera zano guru, uye kushandisa mishonga pasi pekutungamirira. Izvi zvakagadzirirwa kuva zvinowirirana nezvinowirirana, zvinobatsira panzvimbo pokutarisira utano panzvimbo pokuvimba namabasa okunyama.

Kungwarira Vanhu uye Kuderedza Kudya Nhimbe

Aid yakatsigirwawo nenhimbe dzedzidzo yavose iyo inodenha zvikurukuru kunyadziswa. MuEthiopia, somuenzaniso, nhimbe ye "Ini, Not Indware Yangu" yakashandisa nhepfenyuro, kurukurirano dzenzanga, uye zvinhu zvakatsikirirwa kudenha ngano pamusoro pechirwere chendangariro. Yakatsigirwa nesangano ravapi vemari vamarudzi ose, nhimbe yacho yakasvika mamirioni uye yakabatanidzwa newedzero inopfuudzira mukutsvaka mufambiro wokurapa. Nhano dzakafanana muUganda neKenya dzakashandisa vakakurumbira vomunzvimbomo navatungamiriri vorudzidziso sevanhu vanotaura shoko nenzira yetsika. Uku kupinza mari muzivo kunokosha; pasina kuderedza ruzvirango, kunyange mabasa okurapa anogadzirwa kucharamba achidzorwa.

Kuwana Mishonga Yezvirwere Zvomuviri Inokosha

Kunyange apo makiriniki navashandi vakarovedzwa zvinenge zviripo, varwere havagoni kunaya pasina mishonga. Nyika dzakawanda dzinowana shoma dzinotambura nemishonga inopfuurira inodzivisa kuora mwoyo, mishonga inoderedza kuora mwoyo, uye mamiriro okunze. Yamuro dzamarudzi ose dzinobetsera kudzikamisa kugovera cheni kupfurikidza nokutenga zvinhu zvakawanda, kutsigira kugadzirwa kwezvitoro zvemishonga, uye kutsigira kugadzirwa kwezvomunzvimbomo uko kunobvira. Masangano akafanana se [[FLT:]] Sayenzi yeSayenzi yezve youtano yakabatira pamwe nesangano routano kuti ivandudze kuvandudza nokuparadzira gadziriro dzoutano, kuvimbisa kuti mishonga inokosha isvike mishonga youtano iri kure. Aid inotsigirawo kuiswa mishonga yezvokurapa yorudzi rwemiti pamishonga dzinodiwa, nhanro yenhano inote yezviteko dzinoshandiswa pakutsigira kugona kuwanikwa.

Fundo Dzapanhau Dzepurogiramu Dzeyamuro Dzinobudirira

Kushanda kwepurogiramu dzeyamuro dzakasanorongwa kunogona kuonekwa mukuvandudza kongiri mukubhadharwa kwemishonga uye migumisiro yemurwere munzvimbo dzakawanda. Pasi apa pane mienzaniso miviri ine udzame inoratidza kuti nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzakabudirira sei mumashoko akasiyana - siyana.

Sub-Saharan Africa: Masangano eMirimo yeMirimo yeMiedzo yeMifungo muZimbabwe

MuZimbabwe, chirongwa cheHuning Bench chinogovera muenzaniso unosunda wenzira iyo yamuro inogona kugadziridzwa nayo kupedza mukaha wokurapa pamwero. Pakutanga yakakudziridzwa netsigiro inobva kuNational Institutes of Health nehurumende yeZimbabwe, purogiramu inorovedza vanasekuru munzanga , kupfuudza mitezo yenzanga (*kupa kurapa kwechinetso kumunhu ane vhiringidziko dzendangariro dzinozivikanwa. "vanababa" imhizha dzinovimbwa munzanga dzavo, dzinobetsera kuderedza kunyadziswa. Purogiramu yave yakapfuudzwa muzvipatara zvinopfuura 70 munyika yose, uye kunzvera kunobudiswa [[FLT:]] .[FLT]]

Mumwe muenzaniso unokosha iMental Health and Poverty Project muGhana, yakatsigirwa neUK Department for International Development (zvino iMarudzi Makuru, Commonweal & Development Office). Chirongwa ichi chakabatanidza utano hwendangariro netarisiro huru mumaruwa matatu, kurovedza vakoti navakuru vemishavo vanopfuura 2 000. Pakupera kwebasa racho, nhamba yavanhu vane chirwere chendangariro chakakomba yakawedzera kubva kuinenge 10% kusvikira ku50%. Chirongwa chacho chakaratidzirawo kuti utano hwendangariro hungagona kuva zvinoparira utano hwaamai navana zvipatara dzoutano hungagona kudyirambira nokutsigira, muenzaniso wakatorerwa kuvambira pakubva pakuitwa mune dzimwe nyika dzekuMadokendi eAfrica.

Southeast Asia: Kuendesa utano hwepfungwa kumaruwa kuParima Primary Care muNepal

Nepal, imwe yenyika dzine urombo zvikuru muAsia, yakatarisana nedenho huru mukugovera tarisiro dzoutano hwendangariro, zvikurukuru pashure pekudengenyeka kwapasi kwa 2015. Yamuro dzamarudzi ose, kubatanidza mipiro inobva kuWorld Health Organization, Australian Government, uye masangano asiri ehurumende akadai se SANGAT[, yave ichishandiswa kuvakazve nokuchinja tarisiro yepfungwa. Nzira huru yave iri yokurovedza vashandi vakuru vezvoutano mumhando dzemapatsi mumirayiridzo yemitezo yemitezo yepfungwa, pamwe nokugadza nzira dzezvikamu zvemari. Kunzvera 2019 kwakawana kuti nhamba yevanhu vanogamuchira ndangariro muzvikamu zveutano zvendangariro zvakabatanidzwa yakawedzera naanopfuura 400 muzana mumakore matatu.

MuCambodia, Transcultural Psychoconial Organization (TPO) Cambodia yakatanga zvirongwa zveutano hwepfungwa zvenzanga zvinotsigirwa nevanopa mari. TPO inorovedza vazvipiri vomunzvimbomo kuti vabate shanyo dzepamusha, inogovera yamuro yokutanga, uye inoita kuti zvitsigire mapoka avanhu vane dzvinyiriro yepfungwa nedepression (maactal) zvinozivikanwa mukutevera kuuraya rudzi rweKhmer Rouge uye kusagadzikana kwemakumi amakore. Purogiramu yacho yave ichibudirira zvikuru mukusvika kumitezo yedzinza duku nevanhu vari mumaruwa. Mari inobva kumasangano akadai seEuropean Union neUSAID yakagonesa purogiramu kupfuudzira kukura kudarika hafu yemaruwa enyika, uye muenzaniso zvino iri kugadzirirwa nokuda kwezvimwe zvirongwa zvemagariro zvemagariro ehondo munyika.

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nezvirongwa Zvoutano Hwendangariro Hweyamuro

Pasinei nokubudirira uku, nzira inoenda kuutano hwepfungwa hunogona kuchengetedzwa munzvimbo dzinowanikwa zvinhu zvishoma izere nezvipingamupinyi.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvetsika Nezvakakodzera

Utano hwendangariro hahusi gadziriro yavose. Chinoumba chirwere, uye kuti chinofanira kubatwa sei, chinosiana zvikuru mutsika. Gadziriro dzeyamuro dzinongopinza bedzi mapoka okunzvera kwekuMadokero nemitoo yokurapa dzingasangana nemhinganidzo kana kuti kunyanyisa. Somuenzaniso, munzanga zhinji dzeAfrica, kutambudzika kwendangariro kunowanzoratidzirwa muzviratidzo zvechisociatiki (varwere, kuneta) uye dzinonzi dzinoparirwa nezvinoparira. Zvirongwa zvinofuratira izvi zvitendiso zvomunzvimbomo zvinova nengozi yokuderera uye kunyange kuvadziko. Nhanho dzinobudirira dzinoshandisa nguva mukunzvera, dzinobatanidza varapi vomunzvimbomo, uye dzinogadziridza kupindira kwavo kuti dziwirirane mumiitiro yetsika iripo. Uku kunoda vapi, vangada kuoneka nyore nyore.

Kutsigira Kuchengetedza uye Kuchengetedza Mari

Aid inowanzova nguva pfupi, yakabatanidza mabasa akati ane mativi akaganhurirwa. Apo mari inopera, vashandi vakarovedzwa vangarega, mapurogiramu angavharwa, uye kugovera maketani. Nhanho dzoutano hwendangariro munzvimbo dzakaderera dzinowanikwa dzakatamburira kudzivirira mari inopfuuridzirwa yehurumende pashure pokunge tsigiro yavapi. Kurwisa iyi, yamuro yamarudzi ose inofanira kuumbwa kusimbisa gadziriro dzoutano dzomunzvimbomo uye kuvaka gadziriro dzemari dzemari dzemhuri. Ikoku kunobatanidza kutsigira utano hwendangariro kuti hubatanidzwe muzvirongwa zvoutano zvomunyika yose, sezvakaitwa muGhana neRwanda neRwanda nebetsero yebetsero. Mise yenguva refu inobva kuvapinduko yemipiro yemipiro yemipiro yemipiro yemipiro yemipiro yemitengo, zvakadai seInter Fund yezvouveswork for synology (iyo inoramba kuva kurukurirano yendangariro) inodikanwa kufambisa mufambiro wemiedzo yendangariro.

Kuganhurirwa Mukurapa Kukuru

Pasinei zvapo nebvumirano yakapararira yokuti utano hwendangariro hunofanira kubatanidzwa mukutarisira kukuru, chokwadi ndechokuti nhamburiko dzakawanda dzokubatanidza dzinoramba dziri dzenhando. Vashandi vepo vanotarisirwa mugadziriro dzezvokutarisira dzakaderera vakatoremerwa nehosha dzinotapukira, mai navana utano hwakanaka, uye hosha dzisingatapukira. Kuwedzera utano hwendangariro pasina tsigiro yakakwana, tarisiro, uye mari zvinogona kutungamirira kukushandiswa kwemiitiro yendangariro. Mapurogiramu eAid anoda kukurukura gadziriro yose youtano neyamuro, uko nharaunda dzinogovera maketani, tarisiro, uye kuunganidzwa kwemirayiridzo (* kurovedza basa duku) kupfuura kungorovedzawo vashandi vashoma. WHO ye "kufunga" kwokubatsira kukuru kunofanira kusimbisa kuti utano hunofanira kutsigirwa nomuitiro wakasimba wemhoteredzo uye kubetsera, apo nharaunda dzinogona kuita basa rebetsero.

Kuongorora Zvinyorwa uye Misiyano

Matunhu anowana mari shoma kazhinji kazhinji anoshaiwa mashoko akavimbika pamusoro pekuwanda kwendangariro, basa, uye miuyo. Pasina miuyo yakasimba, kwakaoma kuyera simba repurogiramu dzeyamuro, kugovera pfuma nenzira inobudirira, kana kuti kutsigira kupfuudzira mari. Zvirongwa zvakawanda zvokuyamura zvinobatanidza chikamu chokunzvera, asi miuyo haiwanzogoveranwa nenzanga kana kuti inoshandiswa kugadziridza kugadziridza kugadzirwa kwenguva chaiyoiyo. Kuvaka ruzivo rwomunzvimbomo nokunzvera zvinofanira kuva rutivi rwomupimo rwekuedza kwoutano hwendangariro kupi nokupi. shonga yeO yeOFD yezvenga yeUtano hwepfungwa yeMH. inogovera gadziriro yenyika yemitengo yemazita regoroorefero, asi mari inodikanwa kushandira kuidzo panzvimbo yeruwa nedziri.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Mugadziriro Dzinotsigisa Nedzinotapurika

Zvinhu zvinotevera zvinogona kubatsira kuti utano hwepfungwa huve chinhu chinobatsira zvachose pane kurapwa kwenguva pfupi, kwete kwenguva pfupi.

Kushanda Mutarisiro Youtano Hunokosha Serutivi Rwezvibayiso

Panzvimbo pokubata utano hwendangariro segadziriro yakamira, yemagariro, yamuro inofanira kutsigira kubatana kwayo kwakazara mugadziriro huru dzezvoutano iripo. Ikoku kunoreva kurovedza vashandi vose vanotarisirwa zvikuru(haiwa bedzi nyanzvi dzoutano hwendangariro) nokutarisirwa, kutsigira kwendangariro kwetsika mukati megadziriro dzoutano dzaamai nevana, uye kubatanidza utano hwendangariro nokutarisirwa kwehosha dzisingaperi (g., chirwere cheshuga nokuora mwoyo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji). Manyika akafanana neIndonesia neSri Lanka akaratidza kuti netsigiro inotsigirwa netsigiriro inopfuudzira chiverengero chavagari vemo chavagari vemo. Ruwende runofanira kushandiswa kuratidzira kufambidzana kwehosha isingaperi netapurofiti yemari yazvokubatanidza mari, kuparira mugariro wemari yokugara.

Kushanda Nebasa, Kugara Munharaunda, uye Kushandisa Madhigirii

Makore gumi anotevera achaona kukura kwemienzaniso yemibato inopa mikana inovimba navashandi vezvoutano vomunzanga, vatevedzeri, uye vapi vezanowo zvavo. Idzi nzira hadzingorebesesi zvinhu zvishoma zvevanhu asi dzinosimudzirawo kuva voga kwenzanga (chinonyanya kutsigira kusimba. Maturusi ezvoutano anofamba nemotokari, matelepsychiatry) anogona kutsigira nokugovera kutsigira nokutsigira vasingadi Mwari, asi anofanira kunyatsogadzirirwa nokuda kwokuvakwa kwevagari vemo vemo vepasi nemhoteredzo dzakaderera.

Kutsigira Kutungamirira Kwomunzvimbomo Nokudzora

Kuchengeteka kunotsamira pakupedzisira pautungamiriri hwenharaunda hwakasimba nechido chezvamatongerwe enyika. Masangano ebetsero anofanira kuisa pakutanga simba revatsigiri vezvoutano hwendangariro vomunzvimbomo, masangano enyanzvi, uye masangano enzanga avagari vemo kukurudzira hurumende dzavo vamene. Ikoku kunobatanidza kurovedza vanzveri vomunzvimbomo kubudisa ufakazi hunotaura kuzvinhu zvokutanga zvorudzi, kutsigira kutangwa kwamazano outano hwendangariro, uye kutsigira kutora rutivi kwenhume dzeLMIC mumiitiro yendangariro yenyika yose. Apo vatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo vane zvirongwa, sezvingabvira zvikuru vanopa mipiro yezviwanikwa zvemhuri uye mitemo yokushandisa yakadai semitemo inodzivisa kusarura ndangariro nokuda kwoutano hwendangariro.

Kuvhiya Nhare Yakareba

Nyika yose inofanira kubva pagadziriro pfupi yegadziriro yemari uye kuenda kuzvishandiso zvemari zvenguva refu zvinogovera mari inodeya kutemwa, yemakore akawanda. Zvirongwa zveGlobal Fund for Mental Health, zvakaenzanisirwa paGlobal Fund inobudirira kurwisa AIDS, TB neMalariya, zvakawana ganhuriro asi zvinoramba zvisina kudzorwa. Mune nhambo, vapi vemari vanogona kukanganisa utano hwendangariro mugadziriro yapashure yezvibvumirano zveutano zvinosimbisa uye zvikwereti. Panguva imwe cheteyo, nyika dzakaderera dzinofanira kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma bhajeti reutano hwemhuri ndokugovera mugove wakanaka kuutano hwendangariro.

Mugumisiro: Kuda Kuzvipira Kwakasimba

Yamuro yenyika yose yakatoratidzira bviro yayo yokuvandudza chaizvoizvo mumibato yendangariro munharaunda dzinowanikwa dzakaderera. Kuvambira pavanambuya vanopa mishonga muZimbabwe kusvikira kuvashandi vezvoutano vomunzanga vachigovera tarisiro mumisha iri kure yeNepal, ufakazi hunoratidza kuti kupindira kwapamhene napashoma kunogona kuvhara mukaha wokurapa. Zvisinei, idzi betsero dzinoramba dziripo uye dzinotsamira pangwariro inopfuuridzirwa negadziriro yakangwara. Pasi pokuchinja kurutivi rwenguva refu, tsika inotungamirira kumipimo yomunzvimbomo newirirano, zvakawanda zvekubudirira zvamakumi maviri amakore akapfuura. Nzira yemberi inoda kwete bedzi tsinhando huru yokubatirana, tsingavimbiso dzoutano dzomuviri dzinova ropafadzo yepfuma, asi nokuda kwavose.