Mumhoteredzo yanhasi inokurumidza kugadziridza bhizimisi, mirau inoita basa rokuumba mashandiro anoita makambani, makwikwi, uye kuyamurana nevagari vemo. Kuvambira pamavambo madukusa kusvikira kusangano ramarudzi akawanda, bhizimisi rimwe nerimwe rinofanira kushandisa mitemo yakasiyana - siyana, mitemo inopesvedzera mipimo, mari inodzorwa, uye kudzorwa kwenhambo refu. Kunzwisisa ganhuriro yemitemo pamabhizimisi haisi kungovawo zivo yedzidzo yedzidzo yedzidzo yedzidzo pamabasa ebhizimisi, vadzidzi vezvemari, vebhizimisi, vagadziri vemitengidzi, uye vabhizimisi zvakafanana. Nyaya inopa kufungwa kujeka kwadzo dzakajeka, kunzvera zvose zviri zviviri betsero nemitoro yokuteerera, kunzvera nhau dzenyika munyika yose, uye kutarira mberi kuruzivo rwokurondedzera kuti dzidzo itsarundurudzo nokuda kwamakore.

Kunzwisisa Kudzorwa Kwebhizimisi: Mavako Nemabasa

Mutemo webhizimisi unobatanidza mitemo yose, mitemo, uye zvinodikanwa zvokutarisira zvinoiswa nehurumende namasangano anodzora mabasa ebhizimisi. Madonzo makuru emirau ndeokudzivirira vatengi, kuvimbisa makwikwi akarurama, kuchengetedza dzikamo yemari, kudzivirira utano hwavanhu nekotsekano, uye kutaura kwapanze kwakadai sokushatisa mhoteredzo. Kudzorwa kunogona kubva kunzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, hurumende, mitumbi yamarudzi ose, uye mwero unosiana zvikuru zvichitsamira paindasitiri, mamiriro enzvimbo, uye mashoko enhau.

Nyika inodzorwa noudzori yazvino uno yakura zvikuru kubvira pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, yakasundwa nezvinoitika zvakadai seKuderera Kukuru Kwemari, masangano emhoteredzo, zvinetso zvemari, uye kuvhiringidzika kweruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Somuenzaniso, kuumbwa kweSecurities and Exchange Commission (SEC) muna 1934 kwakanga kuri kuita zvakananga kukuparara kwemabhizimisi ebhizimisi muna 1929, kuchiva nechinangwa chokudzorera chivimbo chemari nokuona nokuoneka nokutarisira. Nenzira yakafanana, Environmental Protection Agement Agency (EPA) yakatangwa muna 1970 kuti ikurumidze zvinetso pamusoro pokushatiswa uye utano hwevanhu. Kunzwisisa iyi mhindumupinduko inobatsira kuti nei mimwe mitengo iripo uye kuti irambe ichiwirirana sei.

Marudzi Emitemo Yebhizimisi

Mitemo inogona kuiswa mumarudzi akafara anoverengeka, rimwe nerimwe richibatira donzo rakasiana uye richitapura mabhizimisi munzira dzakasiana - siana.

  • Mitemo yemari [[FLT: 1] - Iyi inodzora kupinda nokubuda kwomusika, kubudisa, uye basa. Mienzaniso inobatanidza zvirongwa zvevoruzhinji zvinodzora mwero yemagetsi, kana kuti mitemo inodzivisa miitiro yemari imwe. Kudzora kwemari kunozivikanwa zvikurukuru mumaindasitiri anorangarira kuva kwemonomonero, zvakadai semvura, gasi, uye kurukurirano yemibatanidzwa yemari.
  • Mitemo yemagariro - Yakanangidzirwa pakudzivirira fariro dzavose dzakafara, iyoyi inobatanidza mipimo yekotsekano yebasa (OSA), chengeteko yezvigadzirwa zvemutengi (CPSC), zvokudya nedziviriro yemirimo (FDA), uye dziviriro dzemhoteredzo. Mitemo yenzanga inowanzoparira ndyiko dzakananga pamabhizimisi asi inoparira betsero huru dzenzanga.
  • Mitemo youdzori - Iyoyi inodzora mativi ebasa, akadai sokushuma mutero, kunyora, kunyora, uye magwaro ebasa. Kunyange zvazvo isingaoneki zvikuru, inoumba musimboti wokuteerera kwapamutemo uye inogona kuva inorema zvikuru nokuda kwemabhizimisi maduku.

Mitumbi Mikuru Nezvigadzirwa

Kupota nyika yose, masangano akawanda uye maitiro ebhizimisi. MuUnited States, Federal Trade Commission (FTC) inomanikidza mitemo inorambidza kuchengeteka uye kudzivirira vatengi, nepo SEC inotarisira misika yokuchengetedzwa kwemitengo. Sangano reEurope reSayenzi Rinodzivirira mari razova bhendi renyika yose redata yemunhu, rinobatanidza kambani ipi neipi inobata mashoko evagari veEU. Nenzira yakafanana, Basel Acconssss dzinogadza mipimo yebhangi renyika yose kuti ive nechokwadi chokuchengetedzwa kwemari. Kunzwisisa aya mabhizimisi anokosha nokuda kwemabhizimisi anoshandira kudarika mativi akawanda, sezvo kubvumirana kunowanzoda gadziriro dzenzvimbo imwe neimwe yezvigaro.

Tapuro Dzakanaka Dzokudzoresa Miitiro Yebhizimisi

Kunyange zvazvo mitemo ichiwanzotsoropodzwa somutoro, inopawo betsero dzinoyemurika dzinogona kuvandudza miitiro yebhizimisi, kuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva, uye kusimbisa misika.

Dziviriro Yemutengi Nechivimbo

Rimwe remabasa makuru okudzora nderokudzivirira vatengi pazvinhu zvisina ngozi, miitiro yokunyengera, uye mapepa okushandisa. Somuenzaniso, mishonga yeFDA inobvumira kuti mishonga ive nechokwadi chokuti yakakotsekana uye inobudirira isati yasvika pamusika. Ikoku kunovaka chivimbo chavose, icho chinobetsera mabhizimisi anowirirana nemipimo yakakwirira. Kunzvera kwa2019 kwakaitwa neOECD kwakawana kuti gadziriro dzedziviriro dzakasimba dzemutengi dzinoshanda nechivimbo chakakwirira zvikuru uye kushambadza, kuchiratidzira kuvadziko yakatsiga yezve yemari nokuda kwemabhizimisi anoshanda mumhoteredzo dzakasanotengwa.

Makwikwi Akanaka Neperero Yezvokutengeserana

Mitemo inopesana nemitemo, yakadai seSherman Act neClayton Act muU.S., inodzivisa mufambiro unorwisana nemubatanidzwa wakadai sokudzima mutengo, kuisa mumwe mutengi, uye kudzorwa kwemhuka. Kupfurikidza nokuchengeta mwero wokutamba, iyi mirau inobvumira mafemu maduku kukwikwikwidzana nepakati pemibato mikuru, kusimudzira mhatsa nemukuvandudza. Pasina dziviriro dzakadaro, vatambi vakuru vaigona kudzivisa makwikwikwi, kuchitungamirira kukukwira kwemitengo uye chisarudzo chakaderera kuvatengi. Muuyo wakanaka unooneka mumavhiyi akadai setemendimendi, apo kupindirazve kwakaputsana mibatanidzwa mikuru mizhinji, uye makwikwikwidzani anonyandurwa.

Kuvandudza uye Kubudirira

Mukusafanana nefungidziro yokuti murairo unodzivisa kuvandudzika, mitemo yakasanorongwa inogona kunyandura chaizvoizvo. Mipimo inobvumira muindasitiri yemotokari, somuenzaniso, inosunda vagadziri kugadzira injini dzinochenesa nemichina yakavhengana. Nenzira yakafanana, kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba kwemidziyo kwakavandudza gadziridzo inopfuurira mugadziriro yezvinhu. Mitemo inowanzogadza mavambo okuita, inokurudzira mabhizimisi kusvitsa kana kuti kupfuura zvisakiso, izvo zvinogona kuguma nebetsero dzemakwikwi nemikana mitsva yemisikata.

Zvinetso Zvokushandisa: Kurasikirwa uye Kuoma Kunzwisisa

Pasinei zvapo nebetsero, mutoro wokubvuma mutoro uripo uye unogona kuva wakanyanya kuoma nokuda kwemabhizimisi maduku naane unyanzvi. Kunzwisisa denho idzodzi kunokosha nokuda kwavaiti vemiitiro vanotsvaka mirau yakadzikama uye nokuda kwamabhizimisi anotanga gadziriro dzokuteerera dzinobudirira.

Ndyiko Dzemari Dzokushandisa

Kuomerera kumirau inoda mari yakawanda. Mabhizimisi angada kupinza basa vakuru vakuru vokuteerera vazvinavo, kutenga purogiramu itsva yokushuma, kuisa mari mumapurogiramu okurovedza, kana kuti midziyo yokuvandudza kuti isvitse mipimo yekotsekano. Mukuwirirana neSangano duku rebhizimisi reU.S. Shona, mutengo wekudzorwa kwehurumende pamushandi mumwe nomumwe muna 2020 wakanga uri inenge $12 000 nokuda kwemabhizimisi maduku, zvichienzaniswa ne $11 000 nokuda kwemafemu makuru (8,7 000) asi sechikamu chemari inobhadharwa, mutoro unorema zvikuru nokuda kwemibato duku. Ndyiko inogona kubvisa mibato yebhizimisi yebhizimisi, sechigadzirwa kana kuti kutengesa.

Mutoro Wokutarisira uye Kuoma Kunzwisisa

Kudzikamisa nzvimbo inowanzoda zivo yezvepamutemo neunyanzvi. Kana ari muridzi muduku webhizimisi, anonzwisisa mitemo yemitero, mvumo dzemhoteredzo, mitemo yevashandi, uye zvinodiwa zveindasitiri zvinogona kukurira. Mazakwatirano emirau yazvo($federal, hurumende, uye nzvimbo inogarwa, anotungamirira kukusarongeka kwemitemo, kunyange nevavariro dzakanaka. 201 OECD mushumo [] wakasimbisa kuti kuoma kwetsika kudzorwa kwetsika idrowaratissswo huru, zvikurukuru mumasangano adzorwa zvikuru sezvoutano uye mari.

Kusava Nechokwadi Nokuchinja Zvinhu

Chinjo dzenguva dzose mumirau dzinoparira kusapanikira kunovhiringidza kuronga kwenguva refu. Somuenzaniso, kuchinja mumiitiro yemhoteredzo kana kuti mitemo yemitero kunogona kuita kuti kuiswa kwemitengo yemari kwakapfuura kuve kusingashandi. Mabhizimisi anofanira kuramba achinzvera zvinoitika zvemitemo uye kugadziridza mabasa awo maererano naizvozvo, izvo zvinopedza nguva nezviwanikwa. Ikoku kunodenha zvikuru mumaindasitiri anodzorwa nechinjo yeruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu nokukurumidza, umo miraudzo inowanzova inoregeredza, inosiya mabhizimisi munzvimbo yakachetura yengozi.

Kuchinja Kunoita Kunoita Mamiriro Ezvinhu: Kuongorora Vasungwa

Kunzvera mienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika mumativi akasiyana - siyana kunoratidza nzira dzakajeka dzokudzora nadzo miitiro yebhizimisi — kubva pakuchinja kwokuteerera kusvika kukuvandudza zvinhu.

Masangano Ezvemari: Pashure Pedambudziko Rakazouya muna 2008

Njodzi yemari ya2008 yakaparira kuchinja kukuru kwetsika, zvikurukuru Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reformation and Consumer Protection Act muUnited States neBasel III. Iyi mitemo yakawedzera zvinodikanwa zvemari, yakaraira kudzorwa kwedzvinyiriro, uye yakaita kuti mari yePernal Protection Bureau (CFPB) itarisire miitiro yokukweretesa. Nhamba dzemari dzakareva kuti mari dzinodzorwa dzinotengwa zvikuru uye nzira dzokukweretesa nadzo dzinoda mari dzakadzorwa negadziriro dzemitengo. Zvisinei, miraudzo yakaderedzawo ngozi yegadziriro yemari ndokudzorera chivimbo chomutengi. Maererano neFederal Reserve, U. Mitengo yebhangi yebhangi yakawedzera kuwanda kwemari. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe mari dzichiramba kuti mari yokukwereta yakadzorwa yakaderedzwa yaderera kupfurikidza nokukura kwemabhizimisi.

Kutarisira Utano: HIPAA uye Kudzivirirwa KweDzidziro Yevarwere

, Inishuwarenzi yezveutano yePostability and Accounting Act ya1996 yakatanga mipimo yenyika yokudzivirira mashoko outano anotapura. Nokuda kwavatarisiri vezvoutano, vapinyi, uye vawadzani vavo vebhizimisi, HiPAA kuzviisa kunoda miraudzo yemitemo yemitemo yakakomba, rovedzo yavashandi, uye zvitengo zvokuzivisa. Ndyiko dzezvitsama zvokusashanda kwemari zvinogona kuva zvakakomba, nezvirango zvinovambira pa $100 kusvikira ku $50 000 pa $5 000 pagore. Bva, murairo wakasunda indasitiri yema Zhinji yemadhora, mumitengo yemitengo yemitengo yezvoutano mumitengo yeHCP. Yakagonesawo kuvimba sei kuti dzimwe pesvedzero dzinoteverwa.

Mipimo Yemhoteredzo: Kudzivisa Kusimba

Mitemo yemhoteredzo, yakadai seCeac Air Act ne-Cease Water Act in the U.S., pamwe chete nezvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose zvakadai seParamende yeParis, zvakachinja zvikuru kugadzirwa, kugadzirwa kwesimba, uye kutarisirwa kwetsvina. Mabhizimisi akadavidza nokushandisa mitengo yezvemari yakasvibira, kutevedzera mhoteredzo, uye kushuma miraudzo yemhoteredzo, uye kudzora (EG) mitanhando yemotokari kumotokari dzemotokari dzemagetsi (EV) yave ichidzorwa nemipimo yemitengo yemari inobudiswa nepeturo yemari. Kunyange zvazvo mari inotengwa iEPA ichifungidzirwa kuva inokosha mutengo mukuru wemirautsa mhepo inoshatiso inoshatisa $60 mabhiriyoni (60) gore negore mibarikano iri mundyiko yezvoutano nekuvadziko yemhoteredzo yakapoteredza inopfukira kure, maEPA maererano nezvidzidzo.

Ruzivo Nezvinhu Zvisiri Zvemagetsi: GDPR neCCPA

The European Union’s General Data Protection Regculation (GDPR), inobudirira 2018, yazova mupimo wendarama yenyika yose nokuda kwokuva voga kwemashoko. Inoisa mitemo yorumano pamusoro penzira iyo makambani anounganidza, anochengeta, uye anoshandisa mashoko emunhu oga, nefaindi inosvika ku4% yegore negore. Mumhinduro, mabhizimisi akashatisa miitiro yawo yokutarisira mashoko, vatarisiri vemahofisi, uye kushandisa zvakavanzika kupfurikidza nemiraudzo yemitemo. California Consuclution Act (CPA) inotevedzera zvikodzero muU.S. Kunyange zvazvo mari inodzo iri yakakwirira inokarakadza mafemu makuru anopedza mamirioni gore negore. Chiratiso chakakudziridza kodzero dzemari inotengwa uye chivimbo mumabasa emichina. Makambani ezvokugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi akagadzira zvinhu chakagadzirwa nemagetsi chakabudirira chakavakisawo kuratidzira kushamba kwokuvarira.

Kudzikamisa Kuchinja Nokuwedzera Kwebhizimisi: Zvirongwa Zvokubudirira

Kubva pakushandisa madhigirii maviri - maviri emitemo, mapeji anoshandiswa kudzivirira uye kurema, (8) emabhizimisi nevagadziri vemitemo vanodawo mazano okudzikamisa. Chinangwa hachisi chokubvisa mitemo asi kuti ive yakangwara, inoshanda uye inoshanda.

Kuongorora Kukosha Kwemari Mumutemo Wokuronga

Pamberi pokushandisa mirau mitsva, hurumende dzinoshandisa nenzira inowedzera nzvero yendyiko yemari (CBA) kunzvera miuyo yemari inobvira. Bhanki reWorld Doing Business mishumo yeNyika yeBhangi [ yakasimbisa ukoshi hwevara remipimo nokuda kwekubudirira kwezvemari. Kuvatungamiriri vebhizimisi, kunzwisisa CBA kunobetsera mukutsigira nokuda kwemiraudzo yakawanda. Kubatanidzwa mutsinhiro dzavose nekurukurirano dzeindasitiri kunobvumira mabhizimisi kugovera mabhizimisi kutengiswa kwemitengo inowirirana uye kunokarakadza zvitsauko zvimwe zvinobudirira pamitengo yakaderera.

Kupa Misangano Yezvirongwa Zviduku Nezvikuru

Kupopota kunogona kuderedza mutoro wokuzviisa pasi kupfurikidza nokugamuchira mutoo wokuita nawo, wakarongeka. Ikoku kunobatanidza:

  • Kushandisa purogiramu yekombiyuta inodzora kutevedzera mushandi wacho achishuma uye kutevedza.
  • Kushanda pamwe nesangano rezvokutengeserana rinopa nhungamiro inotungamirira uye kutungamirira.
  • Kushandisa basa romukuru mukuru anoteerera, kunyange nguva isina kuzara, kuisa mutoro.
  • Kushandisa mabhokisi ejecha nepurogiramu dzevatyairi vendege kuti vaedze zvinhu zvitsva zviri munzvimbo dzinodzorwa.
  • Zvirongwa zvehurumende zvinobatsira, zvakadai sezvipo zvokutsigira zvinotevedzerwa zveSBA.

Mabhizimisi maduku ayo aipinza kuwirirana mumabasa awo kubvira pakutanga kazhinji kazhinji anokuwana kuri nyore zvikuru kukwira, sezvo anodzivisa kupfekazve kunokosha kwemiitiro isina kuenzana nayo.

Basa Rokuzvinyoresa Uye Mipimo Yemaindasitiri

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, maindasitiri mava nemitemo yokuzvidira inoita kuti pave nezvinenge zvichidiwa zvinobatanidza kana kuti kukanganisa mitemo yehurumende. Somuenzaniso, International Organization for Standardalization (ISO) inogovera zvirongwa zvokutarisira zvakanaka (ISO 9001) uye kutarisirwa kwemhoteredzo (ISO 14001). Kuzvidzora kunogona kuderedza kudiwa kwemitemo yehurumende isati yanyorwa, kuchiita kuti mabhizimisi akwanise kuchinja zvikuru achikwanisa kuita zvinodiwa nenzanga. Zvisinei, kuzvidzora kunoshanda zvakanaka kana paine maindasitiri akasimba uye kuzvidavirira kwavose; kana zvisina kudaro, kungada kuti pave nehurumende ipindire.

Nguva Yemberi Yokudzorwa Kwebhizimisi

Masimba anoverengeka ane simba ari kugadziridza kurongwa, kuitwa, uye kutevedzerwa ne. vatungamiriri vebhizimisi navadzidzisi vanofanira kuramba vachiwirirana neiyi miitiro kuti vagadzirire nguva yemberi.

Kuchinja Kwemadhigirii Nokugadziridza

Sezvo mabasa ebhizimisi anochinja paIndaneti, mitemo iri kugadziridza kugadzirisa zvinetso zvemakombiyuta zvakadai semajeke okusazivikanwa, kutapurwa kwemakombiyuta, tsvete, ungwaru hwokugadzira. European Union’s Adict Intelligence Act yakatanga kunzi itevedzeri. Makambani anofanira kugadzira zvirongwa zvokuteerera zvinogona kugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvitsva sezvaanenge abuda. Kukura kweruzivo rwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwokuchinja zvinhu (Regekin) kunopa zvishandiso zvokuongorora maatomukiro azvo, asi zvinorevawo kuti mabhizimisi anofanira kuisa mari mumichina yemagetsi kuti achengetedze zvinhu zvinofambiswa.

Kudyidzana Kwenyika Dzakawanda uye Kurwisa Kwakawanda

Kushambadza kwemarudzi ose, kutenderera kwemiganhu yemikoto yemitemo, uye cheni dzenyika yose dzinoreva kuti makambani anowanzotarisana nemirairo inochinjirwa kubva kumativi akawanda. Somuenzaniso, kambani yesoftware yakavakirwa paU.S. inoshanda kuEurope inofanira kuwirirana nemitemo yose yehurumende neGDPR. Ikoku kunoparira kuoma nerwisano dzinobvira. Kudzorwa kwenhamburiko, dzakadai seBECD’s Erosion and Integers Shifting (BEPS) chirongwa chemitero, vavariro yokuderedza kuputsika. Zvisinei, kutozosvikira, kubatana kukuru kwamabhizimisi kunoda zano rapamutemo rakasimba uye kuwirirana zvinogona kuita zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana.

Mutoro Wenzanga Nemipimo Yavanhu

Kariro dzavose pamusoro petsika dzesangano dziri kuwedzera. Vatengi, vatengi, uye vashandi vanoraira nenzira inowedzera kuti mabhizimisi ashande mutsika, nenzira inotsigirwa, uye inoratidzirwa. Nepo zvimwe zveizvi zvinodikanwa zvichiva mirau yapamutemo (zvakadai seESG inoshumwa nezvinogombedzerwa muEU), zvimwe zvinoramba zviri mutemo wakapfava kana kuti tsika. Makambani ayo anoramba achigamuchira mipimo yetsika yakakwirira yetsika anowanzozviwana amene amene achiva pamberi pomugariro wakakwirira, kuwana mukurumbira nokupinda mumisika. Nenzira yakapesana, avo vanoramba kutarisana navatengi kana kuti murairo unova wakasimba zvikuru kupfuura kuzvidzora kwamabasa okugadzirwa kwamabasa azvo angadai akava.

mhedziso

Kudzorwa isimba risinganzvengeki uye rine pesvedzero mubhizimisi razvino uno. Kunogona kudzivirira vatengi, kusimudzira ruramisiro, kuvandudza, uye kudzikamisa upfumi nejeniswo zvinoparira ndyiko chaidzoidzo nemhinganidzo dzinodenha mabhizimisi, zvikurukuru duku. Kunzwisisa simba remitemo pamiitiro yebhizimisi kunoda murangariro wakajeka uyo unobvuma zvose zviri zviviri betsero dzayo nemitoro yayo. Sezvo nzvimbo inodzo yepasi yose inopfuurira kugadziridza mukupindura migariro, njodzi dzemhoteredzo, uye mipimo inochinja, mano okushandisa pamutemo nenzira inoramba iri mutsinharo chaiyo nokuda kwevatungamiriri vebhizimisi. Vadzidzi navadzidzi, vachinzvera kupfurikidza nenzvero dzinooneka mberi dzinopa kugadzirira zvakanakisisa zvinetso nemikana mberi. Kugara nokuziva uye kuvaka zvakanaka nokubudirira mumabhizimisi, kugona kushandura bhizimisi kuti vashandukire mamiriro ezvinhu zvakanaka.