Evolution yeBoka reJapan: Kubva paDominance kusvika kumakwikwi akakomba

Gadziriro yamabato eJapan yakawana chinjo huru chifo chamavambo ezana ramakore rechi 20, ichichinja kubva mumugariro wesimba rimwe kunzvimbo inopa mvura yakawanda nemukwikwidza. Kunzwisisa iyi mhindumupindu kunopa nzwisiso yakakomba mukufamba kwainoita Japan matongerwe enyika yayo, upfumi, uye denho dzenzanga (kubva kukukura kwokukurumidza uye kukura kwoumambo kusvikira kukuvakwazve kwehondo, kuderera kwezvemari, dzvinyiriro dzenhamba, uye chengeteko yenyika yose. Nyaya ino inonzvera mativi makuru, zvinoitika zvinokosha, uye zvinetso zvinotsungirira izvo zvakaumba gadziriro yeJapan yazvino uno.

Zana Remakore Rechi20 Rakatanga: Pakatangira Pamatongerwe Enyika

Kuumbwa Kweboka Ravarwi Vasati Vasvika uye Kumuka Kwemisasa Miviri Mikuru

Kuvamba kwa1900 kuedza kwokutanga kweJapan nezvamatongerwe enyika. Imperial Diet, yakagadzwa muna 1890 pasi peMitemo yeMeiji, zvishoma nezvishoma yakatsinhana kumapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika akarongwa. Pakasvika makore 1910 na1920, masimba makuru maviri akaoneka: Rikken Seiyūkai[ . [Masangano] (Makurukota eMitestal Governmental mential) na [[FLT] Minketō[FLT] [[Chontigational Democratic Party]. Idzidziro dzakamirira mubatanidzwa wakafara wevarimi, vamaindasitiritiki, uye nyanzvi dzomumataundi. Seiūkia yaida kuda bhizimisi nehondo huru, apo isati iri yehondo inodzorwa kudzosera kuMin.

Iyi nhambo yakawana fambiro mberi dzehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji dzakadai semutemo wechirume wenyika yose wa 1925, wakakudza mapati anovhota nokugombedzera kuti akwikwidza nokuda kwechivako chikuru. Zvisinei, gadziriro yakaramba iri isina kusimba. Masangano ehondo, vapi navapi vehurumende, uye geverō[ (vakuru vakuru) vakapesvedzera zvikuru kunze kwedzongadzo yeparame. Kuzosvika pakupera kwama1930, kumuka kwechikwata chehondo nourudzi zvakatsakatikamura pamutemo zvinodaviswa nenzira inobudirira mubato rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yeRoma. Mapati acho akapitwa muChibvumirano chaMagaro cheNyika II.

Kubatanidzwa Kwapashure Pehondo uye Kuberekwa Kweboka Rechirevo Dzedemocratic Party

Musi weMasangano aMasimbare (1945-19952), Japan yakagamuchira bumbiro idzva remitemo rakakurumbira, rakaita kuti pave nouchangamire hwakakurumbira, rugare, uye rusununguko rwavagari vemo. Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika akabudazve nechimbavarira. Makore apakuvamba pashure pehondo akanga akanyongana: mapoka akawanda aikwikwikwidzana, uye hurumende dzakabatana dzakanga dzakakurumbira. Pamuninhamba yakaitwa muna 1955, masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika akabatanidzwa kupinda mune zvakazivikanwa se [[FL:0]] Sistemma ye [[FT:1]. Gore iroro, [[FT:] LIBARAC] Parti (PFL) [FLD))) yakasimbiswa nokukurumidza nechishongo chikashamiso.[FLD .FT]

Udzori hweLDP hahuna kuitika netsaona. Hwakaitirwa mumitsetse yeHondo Yemashoko, huchiwana tsigiro yakasimba kubva kumasangano ezvemari omumaruwa, mabhizimisi anodzorwa nebhizimisi (Kairetsu), uye United States. Mapoka ebato racho omukati, kunyange zvazvo aiwanzokakavara, akagovera kuchinjika nokusabvumirana nechinhu mukati metende. Kusvika kweLDP kwetsika dzemagariro echinyakare nemitemo yehurumende yokubudirira nokukura kwepfuma kwakarevererwa nokubudirira. Kukwira kwezve kwezve kwemari kweJapan kubva kuma1960 kusvikira kuma 1980 kwakasimbisa kudzorerwa kweLDP.

Pashure pa1960: Kudzoka Kwesimba reDyss Multpolar System

Mapati Anoshora Anova Akakwirira

Muma1960 na 1970, ukuru hweLDP hwakaedzwazve asi husina kumboputswa. Japan Socialist Party yakaramba iri boka gurusa retsoropodzo, asi mapoka ayo epfungwa nemapoka echisimba zvikuru (pakati pepanhengedzo nemhete,) akaoneka mu 1960 sesimba idzva, rinofadza kumaruwa nechitendero. [[FLT:] [FLT][FMMEITōTō" (GUngano reHurumende), rakabatanidzwawo nesangano reSōka Gaka Cainer, rakabuda pakati pezvikamu zviduku zvechiHindu.

Pakasvika 1970, LDP haisati yaigona kurerutsa voruzhinji vayo. Musarudzo dzakadai sa 1976 na 1979, boka rakarwisa kuchengeta vazhinji muImba yaVamiririri, richida batira pamwe navazvimiriri vamararamire vamasekete maduku. Bva hondo dzomukati, mhosho (sechipopo chepfumbamuromo), uye kusagutsikana kwavanhu hakuna kuita zvakawanda kubvisa simba reLDP yose. Chishoro, chakakamuraniswa uye chakaoma, hachigoni kubatana kuumba hurumende.

Ma 1980: LDP Resilience Pakati Pesimba Rezvemari

Ma 1980 yakanga iri nhambo yepamusoro pechivimbo cheLDP. Pasi peMinisters seYasuhiro Nakasone, mubato wacho wakaronda muvhenganiswa wokubatanidza kuputsika kweJapan National Railways (kubatanidza kuputsika kweJapan nemitemo yokumwe inotsunga, zvakawirirana zvikuru neUnited States. Kukura kwezvemari, kunozivikanwa semari, kwakaparira pfungwa yebudiriro yenyika iyo yakawedzera chikumbiro cheLDP. Panguva imwe cheteyo, mapoka anoshora akarwisana nechizivikanwa: JSP akaona kubatana kwadzoro, apo Kōmeitō akaedza kuwedzera mavambo ayo kupfuura Sōkakkakacau. Kuedza kuumba chiwiriranwa chapameso (zvakadai seNew Liber ClubsClub muna 1970) mukupera kwe 1970.

1990: Kururama Kukuru Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Dambudziko, Kuisa Mitoro Mumaoko, uye Kuputsika Kwegadziriro yeMitemo ya 1955

Ma1990 akaratidzira chinjo yokudengenyeka kwapasi. Mugumo weHondo yaMasimba masimba yakachinja masimba enyika yose, asi zvinetso zvemhuri dzeJapan zvakanga zviri chisakiso chapakarepo. Kuputika kwezvisakiso zvemari muna 1990-19991 kwakatungamirira kuderera kwemari kwakarebesa, kunozivikanwa seNguva yakaparara, iyo yakabvisa chivimbo chavanhu mukuva mutariri weLDP. Nhevedzano youori hwalhosaro Howa naIrōwa Ozawa yakaka zvikava zvikamu zvitsva, zvichiparira kupunzika kweRecruit nhau yeSagawabin Kyūbither yaishatisa mubato. Muna 1993, boka reLDhirosofiti yaitungamirirwa naMorhowa uye Irhora Ozawa kubuda kuva mapoka matsva, zvichiparira kupunzika masangano amakore akawanda.

Sarudzo yavose yakaitwa muna 1993 yakabviswa. LDP yakarasikirwa nevoruzhinji vayo kwenguva yokutanga chifo cha 1955. Hurumende yakabatanidza mapoka masere echishoro(kubatanidza Japan New Party , Japan Rewnational Party[, , [[FLT]]] [[FLT]] [[3], [[FLT] yakaita] simba rapalm'a rePrician reP [P], [[[FLT] [aRT] [aRT] [aporat:7] [yaichimbova JSP]) yakatora simba pasi pomutungamiriri wePrime Hosika. Kunyange zvazvo iyi [Ft] yairatidzirwa seya] mwedzi 11 bedzi, yairatidzira kuti yaibvira mimwe miteko yaidzo inobvira (kubatanidza zvibvumirano zvezvamatongerwotiroritidzo) kudzo dzomutsiridza kudzo.

Kuchinja Kwegadziriro Yezvinhu Nemigumisiro Yayo

Chinjo huru yamavambo ama1990 yakanga iri mavambo egadziriro yavanhu vakavhengana yeImba yaVamiririri. Ichitsiva maruwa ekare ane mitezo mizhinji, tsika ino yakabatanidzwa maruwa ane mitezo imwe (SMDs) nemitsetse inowirirana. Chinangwa chakanga chiri chokukurudzira gadziriro yemativi maviri ndokuderedza mamiriro ezvinhu. Zvisinei, mugumisiro wacho wakanga uri wokukurumidzisa kufambiswa kweboka panzvimbo pechikamu chinochengeteka.

Democratic Party yeJapan (DPJ) yakaumbwa muna 1998 (kubatanidza mapoka maduku anoverengeka) ndokukura kuva mupikisi mukuru weLDP. LDP imene, pasi pePuroritive Primes se Ryutaro Hashimoto naYoshiro Mori, vakarwisa kuchengeta conhestion. Kunyange zvakadaro LDP yakakwanisa kudzokera kusimba muna 1994 kupfurikidza nokuumba boka re [[FLT:] Socian Par (zvino zita zita zitawo boka reSocial Social Democratic Party) uye boka duku rinochengeta LDP risingachinjiki. “Urongwa rwokuvandika.

Chiratidzo Chenyika cha2009: DPJ Anotanga Kutonga

Nguva inokatyamadza zvikurusa yema1990s-eration yakauya kwete mumakore gumi iwayo asi muna 2009. DPJ, yakatungamirirwa naYukio Hatoyama, yakakunda kukunda kwepasi muNzvimbo yeSangano , ichigumisa kumira kweLDP kunoramba kuchingopfuurira. DP yakavimbisa kudzosa mari yehurumende panzvimbo pemasangano, inoderedza simba rebureaucratic, uye inodzikamisa ukama neUnited States. Zvisinei, DPJ’s 10 yeH. (20809-2012) yakatambudzwa negakava rayo romukati, muitiro wakaipa (zvikurukuru pamusoro pechikamu cheFuma chendege muOkinawa), uye kudengenyeka kwenyika kwa 2011 Tōku, uye tsunami yenyukireya.

Zana Remakore Rechi 21: Muitiro Wokukwikwidzana Kwakawanda Asi Usingachinji

LDP Resturgist neAbe Era

Muna 2012 vhoti huru, LDP pasi peShinzō Abe yakadzoka kusimba nokukunda kukuru, zvikurukuru nemhaka yokusagutsikana neDPJ neshoro yakakamukana. Chikamu chaAbe chadzikamiswa cha LDP (2020). “Abecomics” mitemo yaro (mibatanidzwa) inopfavisa mari, inonyandura, uye kuvandudza mavakirwo akaitwa, kunyange zvazvo migumisiro yenguva refu yakakakavadzana. Abe akarondawo muitiro wokuchengetedza, kutsanangurwazve kweChikamu chemitemo yeChiratisitiso cheChiratiso cheMirayiro yeChi 9, uye mabatano epedyo neUnited States uye vamwe vamiririri vehurumende inotonga.

Pasi peAbe, LDP yakafarikanya zviito zvikuru, asi gadziriro yebato haina kudzokera kumipimo yekare ya1955. Chishoro chakaramba chakakamurwa. DPJ reconstitution imene pasi pamazita anoverengeka ([ Democratic Party, [[FFLT:2]]]] Parati yetariro [[[FOLT][[FP]] , [[FUP]][FUP]]

Kukamukana Kwazvino

Panosvika 2025, gadziriro yamabato yeJapan yakakamukana zvikuru kupfuura muzana ramakore rechi 20. LDP-Kōmeitō inopfuurira kudzora, asi tsigiro yayo iri kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma nemhaka yokuderera kwechiverengero chavagari vemo, kuruwa, uye kurasikirwa nechivimbo pakati pavavhoti vaduku. CDP, Nippon Ishin no Kaihin (Imbato yeJapan), uye mamwe mapoka maduku anokwikwikwidza nokuda kwechivhoti cheichinorwisana neLDP, asi kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji anosiana pamuitiro wezve yezve yezverongedzero yetsika, yemitemo yemitemo, uye nhau dzokunze. Pakarepo hapana boka rinoshora rakakwanisa kupa chiono chiono chinowirirana nechinogombedzo., kuwedzera, kuvhotera kwakaderera, zvikurukuru pakati pepwere, dzinosimbisa betsero yechirongwa yeBBP.

Nharo Huru Dzinoshatisa Boka

Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika emazuva ano eJapan anorondedzerwa nenhau dzakati kuti dzinokosha:

  • Kumutsidzirwa kwomugariro wemari[[FLT: 1]]: Nzira yokutanga nayo kukurazve pashure pamakumi amakore okuderera nokushata. LDP inosimbisa sundo dzesangano nezvibvumirano zvokushambadzira (zvikurukuru, CPPP, RCEP), nepo vatsigiri veCDP vemitero yakakwirira pavapfumi, mari yenzanga yakawedzerwa, uye maruramiro ebasa.
  • Njodzi yemagariro : Chiverengero chavagari vemo cheJapan nemwero wokubereka unoderera zvinoda chinjo mukubuda, chengeteko yenzanga, uye muitiro wemhuri. Paries hadzibvumirani pamwero nechikero zvokutama nesvomhu , nepo CDP neJCP zvichisunda nokuda kwebatanidzwa kukuru.
  • gadziridzo yeConstitugal: LDP naNippon Ishin not Kaichin Chikamu 9 kuziva nenzira yapamutemo simba raizvida. CDP neJCP zvinoshora hwirudzuro, zvichisimbisa kuti ingagona kutungamirira kukupinda muchiuto.
  • Kuenzana kwechiNgezi: Japan inozviisa pasi pamadekisi echirume nechikadzi. Mamwe mapoka (CDP, Social Democrats) anorwira mipimo nemitemo inorwisana nedenderrution, nepo LDP yave ichinonoka kuita chiito, kunyange zvazvo hurumende dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi dzakaisa zvitsauko zvenhamba nokuda kwavakadzi vari mutungamiriri.
  • Muitiro nechengeteko zvokumwe: LDP inosimbisa mubatanidzwa weU.S.-Japani nokusundidzira nokuda kwebasa rinoshingaira zvikuru muchengeteko yenharaunda. Mapoka anoshora anosiana kubva kutsigiro yokungwarira yebatira pamwe yeJCP yomubatanidzwa wokumwe.
  • Nhamo nemamiriro okunze: Post-Fukushima, simba renyukireya rinoramba richikamuranisa zvikuru. LDP yakatsigira nokuda kwokutangazve magweta ane mipimo yekotsekano yorumano zvikuru, nepo CDP naJCP dzichida nhambo inokurumidza kubuda uye purojekedzo huru muzvinomutsidzirwa.

Miitiro Yazvino Nechitarisiko Chenguva Yemberi

Kusava Nechinoitika Kwenyika uye Kutsigira Kubatana Kwevanhu

Gadziriro yeSangano reSangano reJapan, nevhenganiswa yaro yamaruwa ane mitezo imwe uye kumirira kwakaenzana, inokurudzira hurumende dzinobatana. LDP yakavimba naKōmeitō kwamakumi amakore, asi kubatana ikoko hakuna kuvimbiswa kuva nesimba risingaperi. Kumwe kutsva (se Reiwa Shingumi kana kuti mapoka omunzvimbomo muOsaka (NIPon Ishin) kungakanganisa kukura kwesvoocropus mbiri dzinoshanda nesimba. Chisarudzo chitsarudzo chirevo chavose chakaona muuyo muduku nokuda kweCDP, asi chakanga chisina kukwana kuputsa mubatanidzwa. Nguva yemberi kuzoonazve mapoka anowedzera sezvizvarwa nezvinokapoteredza.

Kuramba Kuchinyenyerwa Nokutsvaka Zvigadzirwa Zvitsva

Kuvimba kwavose mumasangano ezvematongerwe enyika kwakaderera pashure pa2009-2012 DPJ debacle. Nepo LDP yakawanazve kuvimbwa kwakati, kuongorora kunoratidza kuti chikamu chikuru chevavhoti chinozivisa se “chisina kuvimbika” uye hachinzwiki kuvakavimbika kubato ripi neripi. Izvi zvinoparira mikana yokuti vanhu vanoda kubhabhatidzwa kana kuti masangano anenge ava kuda kushandira pamwe chete. Kumuka kwepaIndaneti uye manyuko anobudisa nhau kungaderedzawo mhinganidzo dzevatsva, kunyange zvazvo paine chikwata chichiri kubvumira kunyoreswa.

Chinjo Dzinobvira Dziri Kuda Kuitika

Mifungo inoverengeka yokuchinja inokurukurwa kuti imutsidzire gadziriro yebato yeJapan:

  • Campaign revolve rehaul: Kuderedza kuvimba nemipiro yemakambani uye mari dzinopiwa vanhu vose kuti iwedzere basa rokutamba.
  • gadziridzo dzetsika dzepanguva yapamberi pePUP]: Vamwe vanokarakadza gadziriro yakakwana yokuratidzira zvisarudzo zvomuvhoti zvakarurama zvikuru, nepo vamwe vachida kuderedza chiverengero chezvigaro zvePR kuti vakurudzire makwikwi ane mativi maviri.
  • Kupa nhambo yokuvhota (yatogadzirirwa nokuda kwamakore 18 oudor) uye kufutunuka pakuvamba kana kuti kuvhota paIndaneti kusimudzira kutora rutivi kwepwere.
  • Kusimbisa kutarisira paramende kuderedza kudzora kwechiremera ndokupa mapoka anoshora mabasa ane revo zvikuru mumatare.

Mugumisiro: Muitiro Unogara Uchisimba

Gadziriro yamapati yeJapan yachinja kubva paimwe inodzora pasi pa1955 System kusvikira payakawanda yakakamukana, yakavakirwa pamibatanidzwa, uye yakachinjika. LDP inoramba iri simba rakasimba zvikurusa, asi mugariro wayo hausati uchisirizve wehemonic. Mapati anoshora, kunyange zvazvo akakamuraniswa, anogona kuumba uye akaumba hurumende (anooneka muna 1993 na 2009). Nguva yemberi ichatsamira pakuti masangano achatsamira sei pamabatiro adzokere denho huru dzenzanga yokukwegura, upfumi, uye nhevedzano inochinja yejinga. Nguva yokuzviisa pasi pasi kwakagadzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika yapera; gadziriro yebato reJapan ichapfuurira kuumbwa nechakura nokuchinja kwechadenga, masangano matsva, uye kurwisa kupfuurira kurondedzera nzira yenyika muzana ramakore rechi21.

[[[Nhamba: 0] Revospectal:[