Chikamuraniso chezvokutengeserana cheIreland (jeti riri pakati pezvinokosha zvezvinhu namabasa zvinotengeswa kudzimwe nyika naavo vanopinzwa kune dzimwe nyika (icho ibwe rekona remibato yenyika. Kwamakumi amakore, iyi mitauro yakaumba zvisarudzo zvemiitiro, yakakwezva kuisa mari yokumwe, uye yakapesvedzera chimiro cheIreland mukati meEuropean Union nemisika yenyika yose. Kunzwisisa kuwanda kwezvokutengeserana zveIreland, zvinhu zvinoiumba, uye kwainonanga kunoda kusanonzvera mashoko enhau, mashandiro, uye zviratidziro zvinotarira mberi.

Iyi nzvero inonzvera miitiro yenhambo refu, vatyairi vezvivako vakaita Ireland imwe yemari inotsamira pamunhu zvikurusa munyika, uye rondedzero dzichava nenhau kuvagadziri vemiitiro, vatungamiriri vebhizimisi, uye varonzesi vemitengo. Mufananidzo ndeimwe yetsinhano nengwariro zvinoshamisa zvinotakura zvose zviri zviviri betsero dzakafanira nenjodzi dzezvinhu.

Kuchinja Kwenhau Mutsika Yebhizimisi yeIreland

Kushambadza kweIreland mumakore makumi matatu apfuura kunoratidza kuchinja kwenyika kubva pakuvharwa kwemari kusvika pakuva musimboti wenyika yose wokugadzira zvinhu uye mabasa ane mwero zvikuru.

Nguva YechiCelt Yakapetwa Nechikamu Chikuru Chokutanga

Mukati mema1990 namavambo ama 2000, Ireland yakawana wedzero yemari inokurumidza kuwanda . . Mubatanidzwa wemitero yemasangano anoshandira pamwe, mari yeUUNI, uye vashandi vaduku, vakurukuri veEngland vakakwezva kuiswa kwemari yakananga yokumwe (FDI), zvikurukuru kubva kuruzivo rwemichina yeUS. Pakasvika 2000, kutengeswa kweIreland kwakanga kwakura kusvika panenge pamabhiriyoni 9 emadhora, zvichitsigirwa nokutengeswa kwemakombiyuta, makemikari, nemichina.

Kukanganiswa Kwedambudziko Remari Munyika Yose ra2008

Njodzi yemari ya2008 yakarova Ireland zvakaoma. Ndyiko dzedzimba dzakawa, kusagadzikana kwemabhangi enzvimbo inochengeterwa mari dzakaremara zvikuru. Zvisinei, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwakabva kumabhizimisi ane upfumi hwamarudzi akawanda. Kunyange zvazvo kushambadza kwakawedzera zvikuru muna 2008 sezvo mari yokutengesa yakawedzera, yakawedzera nokukurumidza. Pakazosvika 2010, mari yakasara yaipfuura mabhiriyoni mabhiriyoni 18 emari yakaramba ichisimba, kunyanya nemhaka yokuti mari yokutengesa kunze kwenyika yakaramba ichibudirira apo kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvoumbozha nezvigadzirwa nemishonga zvemari yakaderera. Njodzidzo yakasimbisa nenzira inoshamisa upfumi hweIreland: chikamu chemari inotengwa nepfuma yepamba chakatambura zvikuru, uye chikatengeswa kunze kwenyika chakaramba chichibudirira.

Kuwanda Kwezvinyorwa Zvepashure

Kubvira muna 2012, kutengeswa kweIreland kwakawedzera zvikuru, kusvika panosvika mabhiriyoni 655 ezvitoro pagore ra2023. Uku kuwedzera kwakabatana nokutengeswa kwezvinhu zvedzidzo uye kugadzirwa kwemishonga neIT, izvo zvinoshandisa Ireland sechinhu chokuendesa kuEU nokune imwe nzvimbo. Kuwanda segove reGDP zvino kuri nani kupfuura 50%, imwe yemari yakabudirira zvikuru. Shoo yezvokutengesa Central Statistics Office (CSO) inoratidza kuti kutengesa kunze kwezvigadzirwa zvemishonga nemishonga kwazova boka rimwe gurusa, kuzvidavirira nokuda kwe 40% yezvinenge zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Uku kuisa mari, nepo kupinza mari.

Zvinhu Zviri Kukanganisa Kushanda Kwebhizimisi

Kunzwisisa kuti zvinhu izvi zvakagadzirwa sei uye kuti zvichafamba sei mazuva ano kuri kukanganisa kuwanda kwezviverengero zvepanguva iyoyo uye kuti zvichafamba sei.

Kunyanyisa Kwamarudzi Akawanda Nokuisa Nharo Kwesekete

Tsikiti rinotengeswa kunze kwenyika reIreland rinodzorwa nenhamba duku yemaindasitiri. Mafaceuti, maelektroniki (zvikurukuru vagadziri vemakombiyuta munguva yakapfuura), uye mabasa ekombiyuta pamwe chete zvinopa mutengo mukuru wemitengo yokusiiwa. Kuvapo kwamafemu makuru akadai sePfizer, Johnson, Apple, Google, uye Intel yakagadzira nzvimbo inosimudzirwa kunze kwenyika iyo inosimudzwa zvikuru uye inodzorwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji nenzvimbo yemitero yakakwirira nepfuma (IP). Nemhaka yokuti MNEs kazhinji kazhinji kacho mari yebhuku nebhizimisi zvinofambiswa nezvinotengeswa zvinopfuudzana kupfurikidza neIrish purodziro yemari yemari inopfuutsa mari yemari yeIreland inodzorwa kuIreland. Kunyange zvakadaro, MNE chikamu chinotsigira zviuru zvezviuru zvemabasa anobhadhakacha mitero yemitero yemitero yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yemari yezvose.

Kuchinja Kwematengere

United Kingdom yave iri katyamadzo yokunze yebhizimisi reIreland. Munhau, UK yakanga iri musika mukurusa unotengeswa kunze kwenyika weIreland. Post .Broexit, taffairs, nzvero, uye kunyungudza kwapamutemo zvakakwidza ndyiko uye zvakaparira kushambadzira. Mafemu eIreland akatsvaka nenzira inowedzera misikasi yokunze mukati meEU neimwe nzvimbo. Kuzivana kweCSO kwakabva kuIRLAND kwakaratidza kuti mugove wezvinhu zveUK unobviswa kubva mu 16% muna 2016 kusvika pasi pe 11% 2022. Panguva ino, kutumira kumitengo yeEUCUK yakakura, seEUCRACTractive neConvention, zvakabetsera kuti zvimwe zviteshiviro zvechino zvechipachipanguriso zvinodzorwa kushana kupfurikidza nokushambadzira muganhu weUnda yeIrichi inodzo kuErist Ireland kupfuure.

Kugadziridza Mari Nesimba ReEuro

Nemhaka yokuti mugove mukuru wezvokutengesa zvokusiiwa zveIreland unoiswa mari yeUS (mishonga yakanyanya) nepo mari iri murutivi mumaeuro, masangano emari anotapura zvakananga makwikwi okutengesa. Euro yakasimba inoita kuti Ireland ive inodhura zvikuru nokuda kwavatengi vachishandisa mari shomanene, zvingaderedza zvinodikanwa. Muna 20222, apo euro yakawa zvikuru mu $96, uye kunyanyova nechero kwenguva yokutanga mumakumi maviri amakore eIrishērē kanti vanotengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika vakafarikanya mari yemhepo. Njodzi inotsigirwa neyuro yaigona kudzosa miganhuro yemari, mari yefariro yakasiana, uye kudisa mutengo kwepasi pose kwose kunodya muteshi yemari yeIrland yemari yeIrland yemari.

Muitiro Wemhuri: Mitero Nemari Zvinotsigirwa Nehurumende

12% yemitero yemakambani yeIreland yave iri chibvumirano che FDI kwenguva refu. Zvisinei, chibvumirano chenyika yose pamutero muduku wemakambani (15%) pasi pe Base Erosion neIntecience Shiftng (BEPS) chinoshanda kubva muna 2024. Nepo Ireland yasaina pairi, pesvedzero chaiyo pakufamba kwebhizimisi haizivikanwi. Mitemo yakawanda yeMNE yakatotanga mabasa makuru muIreland, uye vashandi vane unyanzvi, gadziriro yemitemo, uye mhoteredzo yeEngland inoramba iripo. Chinjo kuidzo kuidzodzodzo kuidzorwa kwamabhuku nemhindu dzinogoverwa dzinogona kushandura mwero wokushatisa kunyange mubato chaiwoiwo wezvo wezve wemari inosimutsimba. Mitengo yehurumende kusimudzira R&D nerectiveswos.

Kutengeserana Kwemabasa uye Mari

Kupfuura zvinhu, Ireland mutungamiriri wenyika mumabasa anotumirwa kunze kwenzvimbo dzinodaidzwa nekombiyuta, mabasa emari, uye kunzvera bhizimisi. Basa rasara rawedzera nokukurumidza zvikuru kupfuura zvinhu, kuratidzira kuchinja kwemitemo. Muna 2022, Ireland inotengeswa kupfuura mabhiriyoni 280 mumabasa, mukuwirirana neCSO, kugadzira basa rakawanda reanenge mabhiriyoni 100 emirimo. Iyi nhamba inopfupikisa mari inopfupikisa uye inosimbisa kukosha kwesoftware, kugadzirwa kwemichina yemari, uye mabasa egore akagoverwa neMNES. Sezvo kuchinja kwemari yenyika yose kumitengo nemibato yemitengo, Ireland inosanorongedzerwa kuchengeta chitsamauko chikuru munharaunda ino, kunyange zvazvo zviitiko (se zveEUCSCMCES Act syntial syst) zvichigona kuchinja mamitemutemuto makuru.

Kuronga Kwenguva Yemberi Kwedzikamo Yebhizimisi reIreland

Kufungidzira kuenzana kwebhizimisi reIreland kunobatanidza kuyera zvose zviri zviviri kusimba kwomuchina waro unotumirwa kunze kwenyika nengozi dziri kubuda idzo dzinogona kuuvhiringidza. Nhengo dzakawanda dzinobatanidza Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), Central Bank yeIreland, uye IMF_PF_allery dzinonongedzera kukukura kunopfuuridzirwa, asi namapako akatanhamara.

Shoko Shorttó 16) Outlook (2024 - 2027)

Nhamba zhinjisa dzinoona kuwanda kwezvishambadziso zvichisara, musvomhu yescreentis 55-65 mabhiriyoni gore negore. Kudikanwa kwemishonga inokarirwa kuramba yakasimba sezvo vanhu vakwegura muEurope neNorth America kunoda kurapa kwakawanda. Chikamu chetechnoloji, pachiri kupedza kuderera kwemari muna 202223, sezvingabvira kukwirazve seIA nemari yegore zvichifambisa mari itsva. Masangano anotengesa mishonga kudzimwe nyika anofanira kupfuurira kupfuurira kukwira kwadzo, namakombiyuta anokura pamwero yemitengo yemakombiyuta yoga yoga pamitengo yemari yeIMERIzimu (April 2024) yazvinobatanidza kuwanda kwechitoro cheIRRwanda nemari inosara pamusoro pe 10% yeGDP kusvikira ku2025.

Kupesana Kwezvitoro Zvokutengesa Kune Dzimwe Nyika

Vatengesi vokutengesa zvinhu veIreland vari kutsvaka nokushingaira misika mitsva kuti vaderedze kutsamira paUK neUS. Trade neAsia, zvikurukuru China, India, uye Southeast Asia, zvakakura zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvibvumirano zvemabhizimisi zvapachena zveEU nenyika dzakadai seSouth Korea, Singapore, uye Vietnam zvakavhura mikoto mitsva. Kutengesa kusiri kunoitwa kunze kwenyika, kunzvimbo ine nzanga, kwakawana vatengi vatsva muMiddle East neAfrica. Parma uye mafekitari ezvokugadzirwa kwezvinhu zviri kuwedzerawo mibatanidzwa mukuparadzira zvinhu mumisika.

Ngozi Dzokuwedzera: Kuisa Pfungwa Pamusoro, Mutero, uye Mamiriro Okunze

Ngozi hurusa inoramba iripo. Nhamba shomanene yeMNES inopa mari yokutengesa zvinhu. Kana imwe kambani huru yemishonga yakatarisana nokukundikana kana kuti kusarudza kuisa IP kune imwe nzvimbo, mashoko ezvokutengeserana angachinja zvikuru. Kuchinja kwemitero yenyika yose kungaparira kuti dzimwe mECD dzisadze mari dzemhindu muIreland, kuderedza ukoshi hwekusimudziro unonyorwa kunze kwepasi kunyange kana kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvomuviri kukaramba. Kupfuurirazve, mirairo yemamiriro okunze ((* Cambon) kugadziridza mitoo yemiitiro yezve yebhizimisi nemirautsi hwezviteshi zvemariso kugona kubvisa mari yemari yemari yakakwirira semakemikari netsotsi. Makambani anotsamira pakugadzirwa kwendege (zvinozivikanwa nepesharapi) angatarisana nemari inodzoro yakakwirira zvikuru yecarbon.

Mikana Muruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nemashandiro Egirini

Pajeri, Ireland iri kuzvimisa imene somuzinda wemichina yegirini. Simba remhepo yomumhenderekedzo yegungwa, hydrogen yegirini, uye kugadzirwa kwemashoko kunopa mikana mitsva yokutumira kune dzimwe nyika. Zvirongwa zvakawanda zvesimba zvinomutsidzirwa zviri mukugadzirwa, uye mafemu eIreland ari kutengesa mabasa ane chokuita nepurazi remhepo nemabasa. Kana akaitwa, izvi zvinogona kuwedzera mupendero mutsva kutswanda inotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Chikamu chemibato chinewo nzvimbo yokukura munharaunda dzakafanana nefintech, reza yekombiyuta, uye sayenzi inobvunza. Nemiteve inotsigirwa, mabasa okutengesa zvinhu zvinogona kutokura zvikuru kupfuudzana kuzvinhu, kuwedzera kuwanda.

Kuoma Kwemari yeIreland

Kuwanda kwezvokutengeserana kunopfuurira kazhinji kazhinji chiratidzo chesimba remari, asi kuIreland, revo dzacho dzinorangarirwa uye dzinoda kutarisirwa kwokungwarira.

Betsero Dzemari Dzemacro: Matura Emari, Basa, uye Kugadzikana

Mari yakasara inounza kuwanda kwakadzikama kwemari yokumwe, kusimbisa dzikamo yemari yeIreland nokugovera chinodzivisa mukati menjodzi dzenyika yose. Inotsigirawo basa rakakwirira rinourawa mumakambani akadai sepharma, IT, uye mari. Mibhadharo inobhadharwa neMNEs ine tapuro yakakwirira pakushandiswa kwemari yomumba, mitengo yezvinhu, uye mitero. Hurumende yeIreland zvino inotsamira pamitero yesangano (chikamu chikuru cheMNE) nokuda kweinenge 27% yemari yose yemitero yakakwirira yemari yemitero − arekodhekisi. Uright hometic referi. Urw iyi inobvumira nyika kuderedza chikwereti uye kuvaka mari yemitero.

Ngozi Dzokuzvivimba Nedzenharaunda

Kuda kurasika kwacho kukanganisa. Kana kudiwa kwemishonga kana kuti mabasa ezvokugadzira zvinhu kukadzika zvikuru, Ireland ichatarisana nokuderera kukuru kwemari. Kutengeswa kwedzimwe nyika kunoparirawo kusadzikama kwenharaunda: nharaunda yeDublin nemamwe maguta mashomanene anotora mari yakawanda yeMNE, nepo nzvimbo dzomumaruwa dzichinonoka. Vagadziri vemitemo vanofanira kuisa mari muzvivako, dzimba, uye unyanzvi kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti betsero dzezvokutengeserana zvakawedzerwa dzinogoveranwa zvikuru. Njodzi yemari ya2008 yakaratidza kuti kuwanda kwezvokutengeserana hakudzivisi mari yemari yepamba kubva pakuvhuvhuvhuvhuta kana bha kana kuti mitengwa yepfuma zvichipfutiswa zvikuru.

Zvinokurudzirwa Nemitemo Yokuti Mabhizimisi Arambe Aine Mwero Unotsigisa

Kuti ichengete dzikamo yakanaka yebasa munguva refu, Ireland inofanira kuronda nharidzano dzinoverengeka dzinoshanda zvakanaka:

  • [ Kutsanura nzvimbo dzinosiiwa kunze kwenyika: Tsigiro mafemu emo muagritech, injiniya, uye mapurogiramu ekombiyuta kudzikamisa kudzora kweMNE.
  • [ yakabatana mugadziriro dzinosimba: simba rinokurazve, zviteshi zvengarava zvinokwidzwa nebhiti rakafara, uye kuperevedza kwedzimba dzinodzivisa tarenda.
  • Kudzora chinjo yomutero: Basa rinopfuurira neMNES kuchengeta bhizimisi kunyange sezvo mitemo yemitero yenyika yose inochinja.
  • [ Ukama hwezvokutengeserana hunosimbisa: Ukama hwakadzika nemisika iri kubuda neEU, apo anenge achitarisira Brexit́.
  • Urango nguva dzose: Shandisa zviratidzo zvokutanga nokuda kwezvirongwa uye kudiwa kwenyika yose.

Muchidimbu, dzikamo yezvokutengeserana yeIreland yakananga nokuda kwezvinopfuuridzirwa munguva inoswedera pedyo, zvichidzorwa nemishonga, zvoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uye mabasa.Apo nzira refu inonzi îlorun inotsamira pakuti nyika inosanochinja sei mutero muduku wenyika yose, mamiriro okunze anokosha, uye kukamukana kwezvamatongerwe enyika. kupfurikidza nokuita pamusoro pokuwedzera nokuzvitsigisa, Ireland inogona kutsigira basa rayo rinoshamisa kwemakumi amakore achauya.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, bvunza [[FLT: 0] Nhamba dzeMazita eMazita eHofisi yokutengesa, tsinhiro yezvemari yezvikamu zvina], uye IMF World Economic Outlook[. Manyuko aya anogovera mashoko akadzika zvikuru ezvemari yezvokutengeserana zveIreland munguva yemberi.