Hwaro Hwehurumende Ine Miganhu

United States Constitution inomirira gadziriro yakasanorongwa yakagadzirirwa kudzivisa kuiswa kwesimba mubazu ripi neripi kana kuti mwero wehurumende. Iyi gadziriro, inoberekwa kubva mukusava nechokwadi kukuru kwavavambi kwechiremera chisingadzorwi, inogadza miganhu yakajeka pasimba rehurumende nepo ichichengeta utongi hunokosha nokuda kwehurumende. Nokuda kwavadzidzi veAmerica, kunzwisisa iyi ganhuriro yebumbiro remitemo inokosha kwete bedzi sechishandiso chedzidzo, asi sechishandiso chinoshanda chokurangarira kurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro pomugariro wakafanira wechiremera chehurumende munzvimbo dzinovambira panzvimbo dzoutano kusvikira kumitemo yemhoteredzo.

Nyanzvi dzeBumbiro reMitemo dzakawana zvakananga kubva muruzivo rwavo rwehurumende yeBritain nokuraviwa kwavo kwavazivi veNjereso vakadai saMontesquieu, uyo akaomerera kuti rusununguko runoda kuparadzaniswa kwamasimba. Muuyo wakanga uri gwaro iro panguva imwe cheteyo rinopa simba hurumende yorudzi kuita nenzira inobudirira munhau dzeitiro hanya imwe nepo richiidzivisa kupindira parusununguko rumwe norumwe uchangamire hwehurumende. Iyi dzikamo inoramba iri chinhu chikuru chinotapurwa mumutemo wemitemo yeAmerica.

Kuumbwa KwechiFederano

Federalism muUnited States haisati iri pfungwa isina kujeka asi gadziriro chaiyoiyo yourongwa yakaumbwa murugwaro rweBumbiro reMitemo. Gadziriro inokamuranisa uchangamire pakati pehurumende yenyika nenyika, nechiremera chimwe nechimwe chazvo mumativi acho ose. Ichi chikamu chinobatira madonzo akawanda: chinodzivirira kupfurikidza nokugadzira nzvimbo dzinokwikwidzana dzesimba, chinobvumira nokuda kwokuedza kwomuitiro pamwero wenyika, uye chinofukidza mhatsa yenharaunda mukati merudzi rwakabatana.

Hwaro hwebumbiro remitemo hweiyi divi rimwe nerimwe huri pamapoka matatu esimba: akaverengwa, akachengetwa, uye akabatana. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine mavambo akasiyana murugwaro rweBumbiro remitemo uye chakaumbwa namazana amakore okududzira kwokutonga.

Masimba Ane Simba: Hurumende Yehurumende Yakanyoreswa

Chikamu 8 chine chikamu chinobatanidza masimba ane gumi namano manomwe akananga eDare. Iwaya anobatanidza simba remitero yeLevy, kukwereta mari, kudzora nyika nekutengeserana kwokumwe, kutanga kubatana kwomuzvarirwo uye kubhuroka kwemari, mari yemari, kutanga mahofisi epositisi nemigwagwa yepositi, kupa madare ehurumende, kuzivisa hondo, kusimudzira nokutsigira mauto, kugovera nokuchengeta chikwata chehondo, uye kudzora ruwa rweColumbia.

Chiratidzo chamasimba chinodudzwa chinoreva kuti chiito chiri chose chehurumende chinofanira kuronda chiremera chayo kugadziriro yakati yebumbiro remitemo kana kuti kusimba iro riri "rinodikanwa nerakafanira" nokuda kwokuita simba rinorongwa. Ikoku kudzikamiswa kunosianisa tsika yeAmerica negadziriro dzeparamende umo dare rehurumende renyika rine chiremera. Apo hurumende yehurumende inoita zvinopfuura miganhu iyi, matare angaparadza chiito semiganhu yakakwirira zvikuru yebumbiro remitemo.

Zviitiko zvinoverengeka zvenhau zvakaedza miganhu yamasimba akaverengwa. Mu United States v. Lopez (1995), Dare Gurusa rakataura kuti Congress inopfuura simba rayo rokutengeserana kupfurikidza nokupinza pfuti pedyo nezvikoro, ichiratidzira nguva yokutanga mumakore makumi matanhatu apo Dare rakashayisa mutemo wehurumende pamativi ebhizimisi. Nenzira yakafanana, mu United States v. MORIONTEN [[FF:3] [2], Dare rakarova gadziriro dzamasimba masimba Orwisana Navakadzi, richiita kuti Dare risagona kudzora utsotsi husiri hwamasimba masimba muzvo okutengeserana.

Simba Rakachengetwa uye Kugadziridzwa Kwegumi

Pession yegumith Amendment inogovera chitsigiso chebumbiro remitemo nokuda kwouchangamire hwehurumende: "Masimba asingagoverwi kuUnited States neBumbiro reMitemo, kana kuti anorambidzwa naro kuUnited States, anochengetwa kuUnited States, kana kuti kuvanhu. Iyi mvumo yakawedzerwa sorutivi rweBill of Rights kuitiro hanya yeAnti - Federation kuti Bumbiro reMitemo idzva riparadze hurumende.

Masimba akachengetedzwa enyika akakura uye anobatanidza chiremera pamusoro pawo:

  • Mutemo wezvinhu, mutemo webvumirano, uye mutemo wesimbi
  • Mutemo wematsotsi uye kuchengeteka kwevanhu
  • Muitiro wedzidzo nemipimo yedzidzo
  • Vatarisiri vechisarudzo nomuvhoti vane zvikwaniriso
  • Kutarisirwa kwenyanzvi uye kutarisirwa kwebasa
  • Chirongwa chehurumende yomunharaunda nemutemo wemanisiparati
  • Kurapwa kwevanhu uye kugara woga
  • Mutemo wemhuri, kusanganisira kuroorana uye kurambana

Dare reChirevo rakadudzira Dare reTreeth Amendment kuti riise miganhu chaiyoiyo pachiremera chehurumende. New York v. United States (1992, Dare rakashayisa simba mutemo wehurumende waida kuti udzore kana kuti utore zita, richiita kuti Congress irege kudzora tsvina ine tsvina ine nyungu ishati kana kuti ive, richiita kuti dare risagona ku "murayiro" wemitemo yehurumende. Dare rakatambanudza iyi mu Prencev. United States[FFLT:3] [1997]), richirova gadziriro dzeBray HandGlobalvel Act inoda kuti dare rehurumende riite mutevedze mufambiro wehurumende womugariro wehurumende womugariro wekare.

Simba Riri Kubatanidzwa: Kupfachuka uye Kubatira Pamwe

Mabasa akawanda ehurumende anowira muchiremera chazvino chehurumende dzose dziri mbiri dzehurumende nehurumende. masimba anokosha zvikurusa anobatanidzwa anobatanidza mitero, kukwereta, kubhadhara, kuisa matare, uye kuisa mitemo nokuda kwegarikano yose zvayo.

Dare Rapamusoro zvikurusa rakakudziridza dzidziso dzokupedza rwisano pakati pemitemo yehurumende nehurumende inoshandisa masimba ehurumende akabatana. Pasi peSupremacy Claus muChikamu VI, mutemo wehurumende unokurira apo mutemo wehurumende unorwisana nechiremera chehurumende chinoshanda. Dzidziso yesununguro inochengeta mutemo wehurumende ingasunungura mutemo womutemo wapamutemo nenzira yakajeka (kupfurikidza nomutauro wakananga wehurumende) kana kuti zvimwe nenzira inorehwa (apo murairo wehurumende unova wakakwana zvokuti unova nomunda kana kuti apo mutemo wehurumende unorwisana zvomenemene nezvinodikanwa zvomubatanidzwa).

Masimba akabatana anoparira humwe hweukama hwakaoma zvikurusa hwehurumende muhurumende yeAmerica. Somuenzaniso, zvose zviri zviviri hurumende yehurumende yehurumende nerevy mitero yemari inotambirwa uye zvinoshandisa gadziriro dzeruramisiro dzeutsotsi. Mutemo wemhoteredzo unobatanidza mipimo yehurumende inodzorwa nesangano rehurumende rinopa chiremera kubva kuNhungamiro yeNzvimbo dzapasi. Muitiro woutano unobatanidza zvakafanana kutsigira mari yehurumende nemitemo yehurumende nokugadzirwa kwegadziriro dzakadai seMedicaidivers.

Zvakakodzera uye Zvakakodzera: Kupfava Neganhuriro Dzako

Chiri madikanwa neSeaty Claus, chinowanwa pamugumo weChikamu I, Chikamu 8, chinopa Congress simba "rokuita Mitemo yose iyo ichava iri madikanwa neyakafanira nokuda kwokutakura mukuita" masimba ayo akaverengwa. Iyi rugwaro yakakurukurwa zvikuru mukati mokunatsa, neAnti-Federal yaizoinyevera kuti yaizova chibvumikiso chine muganhu chisingaganhuri. Alexander Hamilton akaidzivirira mu [[FL:0] Murangaridzi Nhai.[, achiramba kuti chigaro chakadaro chakanga chiri chinokosha nokuda kwehurumende ipi neipi inobudirira uye chaizobvumira bedzi nzira ine mufungo inowirirana nenharidzano dzakakodzera.

Murangariro mukuru weMutongi John Marshall mu Mcloch v. Maryland (1819) wakatanga kududzira kwazvino uno kwechikamu chemashoko. Nhau yacho yakapa mibvunzo miviri: kana Dare rakanga rine simba rokupa bhangi renyika, uye kana Maryland yaigona kubhadhara bhangi iroro. Marshall akadavira kuti Bumbiro remitemo "rinoziva kuti mugumo unofanira, kuti rive muukoshipi hweBumbiro remitemo, uye kuti zvose zvinoreva izvo zvakafanira uye zvinowirirana nenzira iyoyo, izvo zvisati zvichirambidzwa, ndezvepamutemo." iyi dudziro yakafara yakapa chisarudzo chapamutemo muDare remitemo mukusarudza nzira dzaro kuti rishandise masimba aro.

Bva Nheyo yaClaus ine muganhu. Nziradzo Dzinofanira kusarudzwa "kuchinjirwa kumugumo wapamutemo webumbiro remitemo uye dzisati dzichifanira kurambidzwa neimwe nzira neBumbiro remitemo. Chikamu hachisati chichipa Congress chiremera chehurumende; chinongorerutsa bedzi kushandiswa kwamasimba akapiwa zvakananga. Dare Rapamusoro rakaita kuti kuganhurirwa uku kuve kwakaipa, sokunangana na United States v. Comstock[[ (2010), umo Dare rinosimudzira musengwa wavagari vemo wehurumende wavasungwa vane ngozi yevatano asi rinosimbisa kuti Dare rinofanira kuratidzira "hwaro hwevatano" nokuda kwokubatanidza nzira dzaro dzaro dzakasarudzwa kuti dzive nesimba.

Nokuda kwenzvero yakadzama yenzira iyo Mupimo naFaned Claus akashandiswa nayo munhambo dzenhau dzakasiana, [[FLT: 0] Nzvero yeNzvero yeBasa yeProfessional [ inogovera kufukidzwa kwakakwana kwomutemo wenhau.

Claus Wezvokutengeserana: Injini Huru Yesimba Renyika

Hapana gadziriro imwe yebumbiro remitemo yakaparira chiremera chehurumende chikuru zvikuru kupfuura Commerce Claus, iyo inopa Congress simba "rokudzora Kutengeserana naMarudzi okumwe, uye pakati peNyika dzinoverengeka, uye neIndian Trinity." Kududzirwa kweiyi ndima kwakava nechinjo dzinoshamisa pamusoro penhau yeAmerica, kunoratidzira nzwisiso dzinochinja dzesimba rehurumende neupfumi hwenyika.

Kwezana ramakore rechigumi namapfumbamwe, Dare Gurusa rakadudzira "kufambisa zvinhu pakati penyika dzinoverengeka" zvishoma kubatanidza bedzi kufamba kwezvinhu mumativi enyika nemibato ine chokuita nayo. Dare rakasiyanisa kutengeserana nokugadzira, kurima, uye migodhi, izvo zvairangarirwa kuva mibato yomunzvimbomo inodzorwa nehurumende. Uku kusiyana kwakapfuurira kusvikira nhambo yeNew Deal, apo Dare rakarega mapoka etsika nokuda kwenzira inoshanda zvikuru.

Mu NLR v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. [1937], Dare rakatsigira National Labor Relations Act kurangarira kuti makakatanwa ebasa panzvimbo huru yesimbi aiva "ne ukama hwepakati penyika nepakati. Dare raitendera pakupedzisira kudzika miraudzo yehurumende yokugadzira zvinhu, kurima, nemimwe mibato yezvemari pasi peChambe Classiastem, achiguma mu Wickard v. Filburn[ [1942]), iyo yairangarira kuti gorosiro yakakura nokuda kwokushandisa kwomunhu oga yaigona kudzorwa nemhaka yokuti mubato wenyika yose yegorosi yakanga iri huru.

Kuvambira muma1930 kusvikira kuma1990, Commerce Claus yakapa chiremera chebumbiro remitemo nokuda kweyakawanda yehurumende yazvino uno inodzorwa, kubatanidza mutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo. unonzwa muAtlanta Motel v. United States (1964), Dare rakatsigira Thit II of the Civil Rights Act, iyo yakarambidza rusaruro mudzimba dzavose, pavhu iro rusaruro rwedzinza rwakatapura zvikuru kutengeserana kwenyika.

Rehnquist Court mu 1990 yakavamba kudzosa ganhuriro paTendeko Claus chiremera. Mu United States v. Lopez (1995), Dare rakazivisa mapoka matatu eKokorodzani dzebasa angadzorazve pasi pesimba rezvokutengeserana: mikoto yebhizimisi renyika, uye mibato inotapura zvikuru kutengeserana kwenyika. Dare rakarangarira kuti kuva nepfuti pedyo nezvikoro hakuna kupinda mumapoka api naapi. Iyi muedzo wetatu wakadzorwazve mu [FLT:] United States. "2] "2]

Mhaka yeChongedzero yeChongedzero yazvino uno zvikurusa ndi National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012), umo Dare Rapamusoro rakarangarira kuva pamutemo kweAffordcable Care Act. Chisarudzo ichi chinomirira Dare gurusa reCreator Roberts, kunyora nokuda kweDare, chaingasagona kumanikidza vanhu kupinda mukutengeserana kupfurikidza nokutenga inishuwarensi youtano semubato wezvokutengeserana uripo. Chiratidzo chacho chakatsigirwa bedzi sechishandiso chesimba reHurumende inobhadhara mutero. Chisarudzo ichi chinomirira Chechi chikurusa chaClaus chifo cheNew Calmenti uye chinosimbisa zvakasimba kuti simba rokudzora kutengeserana hachibata simba rokuita kutengeserana.

Simba Rokushandisa: Mitsetse Yakabatanidzwa

Dare rine chiremera chikuru pasi pekudzorwa kwaClaus kuti abhadhare mutero uye kupedzesa nokuda kwe "garikano". Iri simba razova chishandiso chikuru chepesvedzero yehurumende pamusoro pemitemo yenyika. Kupfurikidza nokushandisa kwechibvumirano, Congress inopa mari yehurumende pamugariro waiwiriraniswa nezvinodikanwa zvakati zvehurumende, kusvika nenzira inobudirira zvinangwa zvokudzora zvingapfuura chiremera chakananga chemitemo cheCongress.

Dare Gurusa rakaziva simba rokushandisa sechishandiso chapamutemo chemiitiro yehurumende asi rakaisa ganhuriro dzinokosha. Mu South Dakota v. Dole (1987), Dare rakatanga nzvero yemativi mana nokuda kwokushandisa kwemitengo: mari inofanira kuva yegarikano yose, migariro inofanira kuva yakajeka, migariro inofanira kuva ine batano yakati nefariro yomubatanidzwa mupurogiramu, uye migariro yacho haifaniri kuputsa nenzira yokuzvimirira mimwe gadziriro dzemitemo. Mukuwedzera, dziviriro yemari haigoni kuva inowirirana zvikuru nokuyambuka muganhu mutezo kubva kukurudziro kukugombedzerwa.

Kuganhurirwa kwechibharo kwakabvumikisa kuva kunokosha mu [FLT] National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012), umo Dare rairangarira kuti Affordal Care Act yakatyisidzira kurasikirwa nemari yose iripo inotsigirwa kumari kumari yairamba kufutunurwa kwakanga kuri kurasikirwa nemari inomirira inopfuura gumi muzana yemari yavo, ichivasiya vasina chisarudzo chaichoicho. Ichi chisarudzo chinoratidzira kuti kushambadza, nepo kwakafara, kune miganhuro inodzoro yokutonga.

Kuongorora Kutonga uye Kududzira Bumbiro Romutemo

Simba reDare Gurusa rokuzivisa mitemo isina kubatana nemitemo harina kutaurwa zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo asi rakatangwa mu Marbury v. Madison [1803]. Mutongi mukuru John Marshall akarangarira kuti Bumbiro reMitemo rakanyorwa ndiwo mutemo mukurusa wenyika, kuti rinoganhurira masimba ehurumende, uye kuti mutongi anofanira kupa tapuro kumiganhu iyoyo pakusarudza nhau. Kuhwirudzura chifo chaapo kwazova ibwe rekona remitemo yeAmerica, kubatira secherekedzo yokupedzisira pamitemo napanzvimbo yebasa.

Kududzira kweDare kwakasiana pashure penguva yakati. Vatsigiri vemitemo yebumbiro-mitemo vanoramba kuti gadziriro dzinofanira kuturikirwa mukuwirirana nerevo yadzo yapakuvamba yavanhu panguva yokuvaka. Vatsigiri vemitemo yokurarama vanotaura kuti revo yeBumbiro remitemo inochinja nechinjo yenzanga. Pakati paaya matanda pane musiyano wemiitiro yokududzira, kubatanidza manyorero, rondedzero yezvakapoteredza, uye kutsamira pamipimo negamuchidzanwa.

Chisarudzo chekakavadzano dzehurumende kazhinji kazhinji chinotsamira pakuti kusvika kupi kwokududzira ruramisiro inoshandiswa. Vatongi veCreditorist vanokombamira kusimbisa uchangamire hwehurumende nomugariro wakaganhurirwa wesimba rehurumende sezvinonzwisiswa nechizvarwa chakagadzwa. Vatongi vanotsigira kududzira kune simba zvikuru kutsigira chiremera chikuru chehurumende kupedza zvinetso zvenguva ino izvo vavambi vaisagona kuve vakakarira.

Dare rapamusoro zvikurusa reUnited States rinogovera mashoko ane udzame pamusoro penhau yaro nemabasa panzvimbo yayo yepaIndaneti , kubatanidza zviwanikwa zvedzidzo pamusoro pebasa reDare mukuchengeta ganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo.

Nhau Huru Dzenzanga Chifo cha 1990

Dare Repamusorosoro rakasarudza nhau dzakawanda dzinokosha dzehurumende mumakumi emakore achangopfuura idzo dzakaumba kunzwisisa kuri kuita mitemo:

  • [[FLT] New York v. United States (1992: Kuderedza mutemo womubatanidzwa unoda nyika dzinoda kudzora tsvina ine mwaranzi, kuvamba dzidziso inorwisana nemirairo.
  • [[FLT] United States v. Lopez (1995]): Chokutanga muanodokusvika makore makumi matanhatu kubvisa mutemo wehurumende seunopfuura Claus weChemmerce.
  • Printz v. United States (1997): dzidziso inotsiva isati iri command kuvakuru vakuru.
  • [FLT] United States v. Morrison [2000]: Kuderedza Chisimba Mukurwisana Navakadzi Kuparadzirwa Gadziriro Mugadziriro dzeChengetery Claus ne Chikamu 5 cheMitemo yeMinei.
  • Gonzas v. Raich (2005]: Chiremera chehurumende chokurambidza mbanje muMutezo weSubstances Act weDzidzoro, kunyange apo masangano akanga ainyoresa pamutemo.
  • [FLT]Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (20: : Mitengo yeChemswo yeClaus neTreasure Move Movemo yePrecial Claus uye Simba rePrecurecure.
  • Murphy v. NCAA (2017): Kuderedza mutemo wehurumende unorambidza mitemo kubva pakubvumira kubhejera kwemitambo sokuputsa nheyo inorwisana nemirairo.

Makakatanwa Nezvinetso Zvinotevera

Ganhuriro dzechiremera chehurumende dzinosara pakati pehurukuro yeAmerica yezvamatongerwe enyika neyapamutemo.

Muitiro Wokutarisira Utano

Affordlable Care Act inopfuurira kumutsa mibvunzo. Kupfuura chirevo choudzori neMedicaid nhau dzefutunuko dzakasimudzirwa mu NFIB v. Sebelius, gakava rinopfuurira rinobatanidza ukuru hwechiremera chehurumende kuraira kubhadharwa kweinishuwarenzi yehurumende yeinishuwarenzi, basa remiraunishuwarenzi yehurumende, uye kugoverwa kwesimba pakati pezviremera zvehurumende neMedicareareaunt neMedicaid tration. CHOVAID-19 yakasimbisazve kusawirirana kwehurumende yeutano apo hurumende yaitaura kuti inhungamiro yehurumende yapamutemo uye zvishandiso zvinobudiswa.

Kudzorwa Kwemhoteredzo

Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act inoita zvirongwa zvemiitiro zvebatira pamwe zvehurumende zvakaparira kudzikamiswa kwechinodzo chebumbiro rehurumende kupfuurira pamiganhu yechiremera chehurumende. Mu West Virginia v. EPA [2022], Dare Rapamusoro rakakumbira "dzidziso yenhau" kuganhurira chiremera cheEPA kudzora kubudisa greenhouse gas kubva kumafesi ane simba, rikabata kuti Korosaro itaure zvakajeka apo inobvumira masangano kupedza nhau huru dzemari yemari uye dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Iyi dzidziso inomirira chirambidzo chitsva pamusoro pesimba rehurumende.

Muitiro Wedzidzo

Kubatanidzwa kwedzidzo kwakakura kupfurikidza namapurogiramu okushandisa zvinotsamira pamigariro seTitle I neAssocials With Diseclebration Act. United States yakadenha mirairo yedzidzo yehurumende semiganhu yebumbiro remitemo yakakwirira uye kudzorwa kwehurumende pazvinodzidziswa nemipimo. The All Receededs Act ya 2015 yakamirira wirirano yechiremera kudzokera kuhurumende, asi gakavadzo rinopfuurira pamusoro pebasa rehurumende rakafanira mudzidzo.

Kutama uye Kuedzwa

Kutora kwave kuri mutoro womubatanidzwa, asi masangano akatsvaka nenzira inowedzera kuva anobatanidzwa, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzekuchengetwa kwemitemo nebetsero. Mu Arizona v. United States (2012]), Dare rakarova gadziriro dzinoverengeka dzeSB yeArizona 1070 panzvimbo apo rairega bviro yebatira pamwe yehurumende netsinhano yehurumende. Mamitengo anoguma avapo anopfuurira kunzvera semiganhu yechiremera chavo mumunda uno.

Brennan Center yeRuramisiro inopa [[FLT: 0] nhevedzano yenhau dzehurumende dzenguva ino uye kuti dzinotapura sei dzikamo yesimba pakati pehurumende dzehurumende nehurumende.

Kukudzwa Kusingaperi Kwemiganhu Yebumbiro Remitemo

Miganhu yebumbiro remitemo pachiremera chehurumende haisi zvigadzirwa zvenhau asi nheyo mhenyu dzinopfuurira kuumba udzori hweAmerica. Chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kurwisana nomubvunzo mukuru wakabvunzwa navavambi: nzira yokuita nayo hurumende yorudzi yakasimba zvakakwana kupedza zvinetso zvakabatanidzwa nepo ichiramba yakaganhurirwa zvakakwana kuchengetedza rusununguko nouchangamire hwenyika.

Mhinduro, yakasimbiswa mugadziriro yeBumbiro reMitemo, haisati iri gadziriro chaiyo asi gadziriro yokurangarira kunopfuurira. Simba reFederal rinokura mukati menguva dzenjodzi yorudzi nebvumirano mukati menhambo dzekudzorwa. Dare Gurusa rinoita basa rinokosha mumiganhu yebumbiro remitemo, asi zvisarudzo zvaro zvinoratidzira nzwisiso dzinobvisa rehurumende nenzvimbo yakafanira yechiremera chorudzi.

Nokuda kwavagari vemo navadzidzi, kunzwisisa iyi ganhuriro kunokosha nokuda kwokutora rutivi mukurukurirano yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Bumbiro reMitemo haripinduri mubvunzo uri wose womuitiro, asi rinosimbisa mitemo yomutambo umo gakava remitemo rinopinda. Avo vanonzwisisa iyi mitemo vanogona kubatanidzwa nenzira inobudirira zvikuru mukurukurirano pamusoro poutano, dzidzo, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, uye dzimwe nhau dzisingaverengeki umo chiremera chehurumende chinokwikwidzanwa.

Kudzikama pakati pesimba nomutoro uko Bumbiro reMitemo rinogadza kunoramba kuri madikanwa nhasi sezvakwakanga kwakaita muna 1787. Nyika yacho sezvainotarisana nedenho itsva kubva pakuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kusvika kumakwikwi epasi pose ezvemari kutyisidziro dzemhoteredzo, gadziriro yehurumende inofanira kuchinjira ichiri yakatendeka kunheyo dzebumbiro remitemo. Ikoku hakudikanwi bedzi kuteererwa kwemitemo yemitemo asiwo kuzvipira kwezvamatongerwe enyika nehurumende yakaganhurirwa, hurumende, uye rusununguko rwomunhu oga oga izvo Bumbiro reMitemo rakabatanidza.