Kutanga: Kukurumidza Kubuda Kwezvirwere uye Kudikanwa Kwokudzorerwazve

Migwagwa yendege isina kugadzirwa yakabva kumitengo yendege yakakurumbira, yakakurumbira semadronesia. Asi yakaisawo njodzi dzinokosha kunzvimbo dzinochengeteka dzendege, kuongorora zvinhu, nzvimbo, kugadzira nzvimbo, mafirimu, mhinduro yekurumidziro, uye kupfuudzwa kwokupedzisira. Uku kukura kwakaunza betsero huru, kubatanidza mari yakachengetwa, kubatanidzwa kwemajeke, uye kukurumidza kugadzirwa kwemibato. Zvisinei, kwakaunzawo ngozi huru kunzvimbo yakachengeteka yemhepo, kuva voga voga, uye kuchengeteka kwenyika. Mitezo yetsika yenyika yose yaita chiito nokugadziridzazve mapurangarirwo anoitirwa kuwirira kuwirirana nokudzivirira vanhu. Mitengo iyi inofukidza zvinhu zvinobva kumunhu anogona kubhururuka neaputira dhiridzi uye madhirotsiro ezvo. Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo iyi yakagadzirwa sei uye kudzorongedzerwa nokuda kwemato yemiitiro, mabhizimisi, uye mabhizimisi anodzorongedzero, magadziri, mabhizimisi akafanana.

Zvikamu Zvemitsetse Zvemitemo Yakagadzirwa Nechingwa

Nepo nzvimbo imwe neimwe ichiwirirana nemitemo yayo nemamiriro omunzvimbomo, mirau mizhinjisa inokurukura itiro hanya dzakafanana.

Kunyoresa Nokunyoresa

Kunyoreswa kwemadhora zvino chinodikanwa munenge mumisika mikuru yose. Vashandisi vanofanira kunyoresa ndege dzavo nechiremera chenyika ndokuratidzira nhamba yeID yechienzi pamudziyo. Vatengesi vebhizimisi kazhinji kazhinji vanotarisana nemhinganidzo dzakawedzerwa: vanofanira kupfuudza bvunzo, kuwana rugwaro rwokurecheresa kana kuti raisenzi, uye dzimwe nguva vanopfuura nzvero yeteko. [Muenzaniso, [[FL: 0] AVVIAAA Administration (FAN)[FLT] muUnited States vanoda vatyairi vemi vemitesitiri vemipi yemipi yendege kuti vabate Partler Holy Piecor, `FL:2]. [Mitengo yeyati yeyatimutemo yeyamu yeyamu yeyamu yeyamu yeyamu yeyadhi, mhepo inovimbisa kuti ishamise magetsi, mamiriro emo, mamiriro okunze echika yemhepo, imbidzo dzinosimbisa kudzika mamiriro enguva dzenguva dzenguva dzenguva dzenguva nerefu, dzinonzi

Ganhuriro Dzokubhururuka Nenzvimbo Dzisina Favha

Kuti vadzivirire ndege nezvivako zvinotapurika, vadzori vendege vakaratidza ganhuriro dzakakomba.Mitemo inozivikanwa navose inobatanidza:

  • kitsti dzine mativi akaenzana: Chaizvoizvo [mamita 120] pamusoro pedziro yevhu muUS, EU, uye mamwe marudzi akawanda.
  • Nhengo: kupoteredza nhandare dzendege, sheliport, zvivako zvamauto, matorongo, nzvimbo dzemagetsi, uye nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvinhu.
  • [[[FRANT:0] Zvinodikanwa zvomutsetse wourefu hwesimba (VLOS): Mutyairi wendege anofanira kukwanisa kuona drone pasina yamuro kudzivisa kubonderana.
  • Mabasa eZuva bedzi: Nyika zhinji dzinoganhurira kubhururuka usiku kutoti drone yakashongedzerwa nechiedza uye mutyairi wendege ane mvumo chaiyo.

Ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rwejeofenchel, urwo runoita kuti makombiyuta arege kupinda mumhepo yakaganhurirwa, rwava chinhu chinonyanya kushandiswa nevatengi vakawanda uye mumabhizimisi.

Kuva Woga uye Kudzivirirwa Kwemashoko

Mano ezvidhori zvokutora mifananidzo nevhidhiyo zvinorerukirwa zvikuru apo zvinobhururuka pamusoro pezvinhu zvakavanzika zvinomutsa zvinetso zvikuru zvokuvandika. Zviito zvakawanda zvemitemo zvinobatanidza gadziriro dzakati, zvakadai serambidzo pakunzvera kunopfuurira kana kuti kubata mifananidzo yavanhu pasina mvumo. MuEuropean Union, General Data Protection Regation (GDPR) inoisa mitemo yakakomba pakuunganidza, kuisa, uye kuronga mashoko omunhu oga kupfurikidza namadhemoni. Dzimwe nyika muUS dzakaisa mitemo inorambidza kubhururuka kwezvinhu zvapachivande pasina mvumo. Chirati yeAustralia Act chinoshanda kuvashatisitisiti vanonyora vanhu vanozivikanwa. Iyi inoraira vashambadziridziridziro kuti vatsigire mitoo yokunzvera yakavanzika uye miitiro yakavanzika yemiitiro yakavanzika.

Kuchengeteka Nemipimo Inoshanda

Kupfuura kugadzira bhiriji, vadzori vanogadzawo mipimo younyanzvi yemipimo yenzvimbo yesimbi nepurogiramu yekombiyuta. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

  • [ Mipimo inoyera: Mhete dzinowirirana nedzinowirirana, dzinokwanisa kurambira, kupfuta kwomoto, uye magnetromactromatic.
  • Kuzivisa (ID yeRemote): Igadziriro inobudisa pachena zivikanwo yedrone, nzvimbo, uye urefu, inobvumira zviremera navamwe vanoshandisa mhepo kuiziva nokuironda. Kutonga kweID yeFAA kwakatanga kushanda zvakazara muna 2024.
  • Vashandisi vezvokutengeserana vanofanira kuchengeta matanda ndokuita cheki dzenguva dzose pamadharoni avo.
  • [[[FRAT:0] Zvinodikanwa zveInishuwarenzi: Hurumende dzakawanda dzinoraira inishuwarenzi yechakaipa nokuda kwemibato yedrone, zvikurukuru nokuda kwemibato yezvokutengeserana kana kuti mirefu.

Kusvika Kworudzi Nekwenharaunda

Pasinei zvapo nemisoro yakakurumbira, kushandiswa kwemirau inodzorwa kunosiyana zvikuru munyika yose.Kunzvera miganhu mishomanene mikuru kunoratidza kuti mitumbi yakasiana - siana yemitemo inodudzira sei kutengeswa kwekotsekano.

United States

FAA ndiyo dare guru pasi peChikamu 14 cheMitemo yeFederal. Chikamu 107 chinodzora mabasa ose okutengesa apo vashanyi venhandaro vanofukidzwa nemitemo yakaparadzana (inowanzonzi CONCE for Recurectional Operations). Mativi makuru anobatanidza:

  • Chitupa chesimbi chemutyairi (Partic 107) nemuedzo wakanyorwa wezivo.
  • Kunyoresa kwemvura kwemadhoromita ose kunodarika 0,5.
  • Indaneti yemabhuroku yose inoda kunyoreswa.
  • Hapana nzvimbo dzakati shate kumativi enhandare dzendege, nhandare, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoda kugadziriswa; zvipauro zvinoda kushanda mumhepo dzinodzorwa.
  • Kuda kubhururuka pamusoro pevanhu kana kuti kufamba kwemotokari kutoti dhonza racho riine uremu hwakati uye rakanyatsogadzirwa.

FAA inopa chirango nokushingaira nokuda kwezvirango zvakaganhurirwa kupfuura ndege dzinooneka dzinofamba mumativi ose asi ichigere kugumisa mutemo weBVLOS. Zviito zvokumanikidza zvinogona kubatanidza zvirango zvavagari vemo kusvika ku $7 500 pamhirizhonga, uye zvirango zvoutsotsi nokuda kwokushanda kwokusangwarira.

Europe Union

Gadziriro yokuronga EASA inotsinhirana mirau iri munyika 27 dzose dziri mitezo pamwe nenyika dzakabatanidzwa dzinoverengeka. Sangano rinoshandisa kurongwa kwakavakirwa pangozi kunozivikanwa se "mapoka matatu":

  • Mibato ivhu: Kushanda kweLow-risk. Drones dzinofanira kutakura chiratidzo chekirasi yeCE (C0 kusvikira ku C4). Hapana mvumo isati yadikanwa, asi vatyairi vendege vanofanira kunyoresa kana drone ine kamera kana kuti inorema magiramu anopfuura 250. Geo-authom neID zviri kure zvaifanira kuvambira muna 2024.
  • Chikamu chakati: ngozi iri pakati. Inoda mvumo yokushanda kana kuti chiziviso chechinoitika chapanguva dzose. Inobatanidza mabasa akadai sokubhururuka pedyo namapoka kana kuti kupfuura VLOS.
  • Chikamu chakasimbiswa: ngozi huru (muremo, kutakura vanhu kana kuti zvinhu zvine ngozi). Zvinoda rudzi rwekunyorwa kwedrone nemutyairi wendege ane marezenisi.

EU yakasumawo U-Space chirongwa chemibato inodzorwa nemotokari kuti idzore kufamba kwemhepo yakaderera, yakafanana negadziriro yokudzora kufamba kwendege nokuda kwemadhoroni.

Canada

Hurumende yeFract Canada inotarisira mitemo yetsika huru kana kuti yakakwirira pasi pe Mitemo yeCanadia Aviation Parti IX. Drones dzinopfuura 250 gramas dzinofanira kunyorwa nokuratidzirwa. Zvirongwa zvokufambira zvinofanira kupfuura mativi makuru kana kuti zvakabudirira zvichitsamira pakuti zvinobhururuka zviri mumhepo inodzorwa kana kuti pedyo navanhu. Kubhururuka kwakaganhurirwa kusvika kumakumbo 400 AGL, kunoda muganhu wekushanda, uye kunorambidzwa munharaunda dzakawanda (g., pedyo nenhandare dzendege, paki dzenyika). Kufambira mberi kunoda kuhwirudzura nokubvumira. Canada yakaverwa kunoshanda mukufambisa BLCOS uye kutakura, kubvumira kubuda kwemiedzo nokuda kwemiedzo yamakambani akafanana neMountor yeCanada.

United Kingdom

Kutevera Bret, UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) inochengeta utongi hwayo imene hwokudzora, zvikurukuru hunowirirana neEU yakavhura/inooneka/inozivikanwa asi nemhesano dzenyika. Drone neModel Aircraft Confect Confect [[FL:1] inodzora ndege dzose. Vashandi vanofanira kunyoresa neCAA ndokuita nzvero yakasununguka yemikwikwidzano paIndaneti. Vatengesi vebhizimisi vanodawo zvibvumikiso zvakawedzerwa zvichitsamira pamuteshi wokushanda. UK akatangawo nzvimbo dzine ngozi panhandare dzendege, majeri, majeri, uye zvivako zvehurumende. Makurukota ane masimba okutora nyika, kubata, uye kukumbira mashoko kubva mumiraudzo inofungidzirwa kuputsa mitemo.

Asia-Paccount: Japan, Singapore, uye Australia

MuJapan, Chivil Aviation Bureau inodzora ndege dzinobhururuka. Ruraviko runodikanwa nokuda kwendege munharaunda dzine vanhu vakawanda, pedyo nenhandare dzendege, anopfuura mamita 150, kana kuti usiku. Mitemo yapamutemo yeJapan yakavanzika neRone Act (yakagadziriswa muna 2021) inoisa faindi inorema nokuda kwendege dzisina kutenderwa panzvimbo dzinoda kuchengeteka.

Singapore Civil Aviation Authority yeSingapore inoshandisa gadziriro inoisa tsangaradziso dzakatevedzana. Madras ose anofanira kunyoreswa. Vamiririri vanoda Kirasi 1 (bhaisi) kana kuti Kirasi 2 rezinesi. Kurovedza nokuedza kwapamutemo paIndaneti kunodikanwa.

COSIL Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) inosianisa pakati pokutengeserana (RePL/ReOC) namabasa evaraidzo. CASA inozivikanwa nokuda kwechimiro chayo chemvumo ye BVLOS ne Mitengo ye-Operatictingting Otation metation [[ inobvumira kushanda pavanhu mumigariro yakati. Australia inewo mitemo yakasimba yechivande inodzorwa neHofisi yeInformation Commissioner of Australia (OIC) inoshanda kumirariro yayo.

Zvinetso Zvinotanga uye Zvinoitwa Nevatungamiriri

Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rusina kusimba runokura, mitumbi yemitemo inotarisana nemhatsa itsva inoda kugadziridzwa kwemitemo iripo uye pane dzimwe nguva kugadziridzwa kukuru.

Miitiro Inorwisa Netyisidziro Dzokuchengeteka

Drones dzinopa ngozi apo dzinoshandiswa nokuda kwokupinza nokupinza nokupinza mumatorongo, kutungamirira kunzvera panzvimbo dzinotapukira, kana kuti kutakura zvinoputika. Mumhinduro, hurumende dzakawanda dzakaita mitemo inopa simba rokuchengeta mutemo navashandi vegadziriro dzinotsoropodza kuti dzishandise [ UAS (UAS)[FLT] US [[FLT]]] uthekinoloji, kubatanidza kuvhara, kutakura vhaisi, vhati, uye kuvhara kwemambure, uye kunyange kudzo yezvirongwa zvegadziriro yesangano. Kudzivisa tyisidzirwa kweTS Chirango [FLT] ] kunopa basa ra2018 yeBato reRuchengeteko rweHomendi neBato reRuramisiriro kuti vatodze kana kuti vatongedze zviremera. Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo CUAS ichifanira kuva isati iri maruramiro asingabvumirwi pamutemo.

Kupinda muAirspace: Kutarisirwa Kwemotokari Kusina Vanhu (UTM)

Rimwe remibatanidzwa mikurusa inobatanidza mavhoriyamu emakombiyuta akatogara akabatikana nendege. Mabumbiro ari kusundira ku udzori hwemotokari (UTM) urongwa hweUA's U-SPAce imabasa apakuvamba. Mutemo weUTM uchazara uchaita kuti pave nemitemo inobatanidza vanhu, kugoverana, uye kusimbisa zvose. Iyi igadziriro yeUTM (UP) yeUP) uye EAA itsika yeU-SPAce inoitwa nokukurumidza.

Kuwirirana Kwamarudzi Ose

Drones haaremekedzi miganhu, uye mirau yenyika inorwisana inoumba miganhu yemibato inoyambuka muganhu neyakafashoni inoendesa zvitubu kubva kuFrance kuenda kuGermany. Internationalwitch Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) yaita gadziriro yenyika yose kupfurikidza neUAS Advisory Group ne [[FLT]] Tsamba paMorcracraftsssssss [[[FFoct:3]. Zvisinei, kuita zvibvumirano zvokuzvidira. Zvibvumirano zvinoramba zviri pakati penyika (g., kuzivikanwa kweUS] neCanada imhesvo yemheto yemheto yema. Chino chinopesana kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu echino. Chino chekudzivirira, mamiteko echienzi anosiyana, maererano asina kufanira kutakura.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Mumutemo Woga

Mutemo unotevera wedrone uri kutoumbwa, uchibva pakubudirira kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu uye kudiwa kwezvokutengeserana.

Kupfuura Kuona Kunooneka (BVLOS)

NHAURIRA dzinovhura bVLOS mikana yakazara yemadrono enzvero refu, kuongorora kwepaipi, uye zvirongwa zvemagetsi. Zvisinei, mitemo yakawanda inoda VLOS nemhaka yefunganyo dzekotsekano pamusoro pebonde kana kuti nzira dzokutyaira. Vadzori vava kutanga mitemo inovanza kushanda inobvumira BVLOS kudzivirira kwakaenzana kupfurikidza nokuziva rezadzo, kutumira mashoko, uye kuronga kugadziridza. FAA yakatanga Dare reBVLOS Aviation Relation Relagistration Komiti; EA yakabudisa nzira yokuteerera BVLOS muchikamu chakati chaicho. Kukarira kuona CD-BVLOS munyika dzinoverengeka munyika dzinenge dziri kushanu.

Kuzvishandisa Nokunwa Kunozvitonga

Nhaipedzisa dzinozvitonga dzinozvitonga zvikuru. Pasina kupindira kwomunhu, vhudzai mibvunzo mikuru yepamutemo pamusoro pemhosva, kunyorwa kwesoftware, uye kubatanidzwa kwendege. Mitemo yazvino uno inotora mutyairi wendege ane mutoro pakupedzisira. Sezvifambiro mberi dzezvigadziko, mitumbi yemitemo ichada kusarudza kuti ndiani ane mutoro apo dhirobhoni inoparira kuvadziko: mugadziri, mushandisi, kana kuti mufambisi wesoftware. Zviratiso zvemipinishuwa, zvinodikanwa zveinishuwarenzi, uye mitemo yekotsekate yeIS, zvichada kugadziriswa. URO yeUC AD AD ADS inobatanidza gadziriro dzinotapura kuvhiya kwemichina yendege, kuisa madhirobhoti semanyuko echipainjini evhu.

Masande Anodzora uye Mafekitari Ane Simba

Panzvimbo pokunonotsa kutangwa, vadzori vazhinji zvino vanopa “mabhokisisi” ganhuriro dzechinguvana kubva kumitemo mizhinji kuti vaidze mifungo mitsva. Somuenzaniso, FAA’S UAS Integuagition Program (IP)[FL:1] inobvumira kutakura miedzo mumaguta akawanda eUS. ESA’S PATH Digital PATS [[ kukurudzira kutanga mipimo apo inenge ichikukura. Kuda kwakadaro kunobvumira madhiscrogo kuunganidza madata nemitemo pamberi pechinjo zechigarire. Zvinobetserawo mabhizimisi maduku namarungwe okufamba pasina mutengo.

mhedziso

Kutonga kwemafaro nemotokari dzendege zvisina vanhu kwakabva pabasa remitemo inodzorwa nokusashanda zvakanaka kukuva chirango chakaoma, chinova chengozi chinodzikamisa kuchengeteka, kuva voga, uye mukana wemari. Masangano anodzorwa kupota nyika yose (kubva kuFaA muUnited States kusvika kuEASA muEurope, uye kubva kuTransport Canada kusvika kuChiregoric Conal Aviation Bureaual yeJapan / anopfuurira kugadziridza magadzirirwo awo semitemo inopfuvura. Chimiro chinokosha kuendeswa kumitemo inodzikamisa kushanda, kuwirirana kwemarudzi ose, uye gadziriro dzemotokari dzinogona kubata chiyero chenguva yemberi. Kubudirira hakuzogovera kugadzirwa asi kuchagovera mhoteredzo yakajeka, umo drone yemichina yemichina inogona kubudirira. Vagadziri vemitemo, uye vagadziri vemitemo vanofanira kusimbisa kushandira pamwe chete kuti vashande nokuda kwokushanda kwedenga.

Kuwedzera kurava, bvunza FA DENOSONE yomukuru mukuru ([[FLT: 0] Faadrone Ozone.faa.gov), EASA’I portone (. neICAAS . neUTT [[FLT:]]icao.[FLT]]