Kurwisa nokuda kwekodzero dzevanhu muUnited States kwakapararira, kwakaratidzwa nokukunda kwakaoma uye kudzokera shure kunopfuurira. Nepo mutemo wechiratidzo nemitemo yedare zvakabvisa zvimiro zvakawanda zverusarura, zvinetso zvazvino uno zvinopfuurira kuchinja (kubva paganhuriro dzekodzero dzokuvhota kururamisiro. Kumunhu anotarisana nokuputswa kwekodzero dzevanhu, anoziva kwokutendeukira nokuda kwebetsero nokunzwisisa mativi emitemo anovadzivirira asingabetseri; kazhinji kazhinji ndicho chinhu chisarudzo mukuti ruramisiro inoitwa here. Nyaya ino inogovera nhungamiro inoshanda kuzvinhu zvinokosha, dziviriro yapamutemo, uye nhano dzinowanika kukodzero dzapamutemo dzinodavirwa munhau dzazvinoumba nyika dzazvino uno.

Kunzwisisa Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo Munguva Yazvino Uno

Pamavambo azvo, maruramiro avagari vemo ane vimbiso dzokubatwa kwakaenzana nedziviriro pasi pomutemo. Zvinodzivirira vanhu pakusarurana kwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano (kubatanidza kuva napamuviri, vatano, uye kuzivikanwa kwechirume), mavambo orudzi, zera, urema, uye() mumativi akawanda akadai sechimiro chemhete kana kuti mashoko emavara okugara nhaka. Pfungwa yacho inotambanukira kudarika kuenzana kuri nyore papepa; inobatanidza kodzero yokutora rutivi rwakazara muupenyu hwevagari vemo, kuwana pokugara nebasa pasina rusaruro, uye kugamuchira ruramisiro yakaenzana mutsika yapamutemo.

Nhasi, nhau dzekodzero dzevanhu dzinobatanidzwa nechinhu chinenge chose chenzanga: bumbiro remitemo redzizipu rinogona kusarudza kusvika kwavo kudzidzo yakanaka, mvura yakachena, uye nharaunda dzakakotsekana. Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwakatanga miganhu mitsva, yakadai sesoftware yokuziva chiso inokanganisa zvikuru vanhu vane ruvara, uye zvokushandisa zvokupinza zvinenge zvinopfuudzira kusarura kwenhau. Kunzwisisa kodzero dzevanhu muzana ramakore rechi21 kunoreva kuziva kuti rusaruro runogona kuva zvose zviri zviviri rwakajeka uye rune chokuita nomugariro, uye kuti kudzivirira kwepamutemo kunofanira kuchinjira kuzvimiro zvitsva zvokusaenzana.

Mitemo Huru Yokudzivirira Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Mitemo iyi pamwe chete nokugadziridzwa kwaizoitwa uye kutsanangurwa kweDare Rapamusoro, zvinorondedzera misengwa yevashandirwi, varidzi vedzimba, masangano ehurumende, uye mabhizimisi anobatsira vanhu vose.

Mutemo Wa 1964 Wekodzero Dzevanhu

Uyu mutemo wakatanhamara unorambidza rusaruro munharaunda dzinoverengeka. Umutwe II unorambidza kuvhota panzvimbo dzavose (mudzimba dzezvitoro, maresitorendi, mahoro). Umutwe VI VII unodzivisa rusaruro kupfurikidza nepurogiramu ipi neipi inogamuchira mari yehurumende. Umutwe VII unorambidza rusaruro rwebasa rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, kana kuti mavambo enyika. Yatambanudzwa kufukidza vatano nechiratidzo chevatano nevatano pasi pe 2020 yekutonga kweDare rapamusoro redare mu Bostock v. Clayton County[[FF:1]. Umutwe VII unorambidzawo kutsiva munhu upi noupi anonyunyuta pamusoro porusaruro. Comment Observement (EC) inoita izvi zvirongwa zvokumabasa.

Murayiro Wokutsigira Kodzero Wa1965

Ada kukurira mhinganidzo dzapamutemo pahurumende nemwero yomunzvimbomo idzo dzakadzivisa vaAmerica veAfrica kushandisa maruramiro avo okuvhota, Act inorambidza rusaruro rwedzinza mukuvhota. Chikamu charo chikuru, Chikamu 5, chaida kuti dzimwe nyika dzine nhau yokusarura dziwane mvumo yehurumende kuti dzisachinjwa mitemo yokuvhota. Sangano reDare Gurusa rakaneteswa nechisarudzo cha 2013 Shelby County v. Rancer. Chikamu 2 chinoramba chiri chishandiso chine simba chokudenha miitiro yokuvhotera nokuvhotera uye kudzosa zvirongwa zvinodzorwa munyika yose. Masangano akafanana necha [[FLT:] ACP]

Murayiro Wakanaka Wedzimba wa1968

Thituti VIII yeChibvumirano cheChibvumirano chekodzero dzevagari vemo, chinowanzozivikanwa seChiteshi cheFair House Act, inokuita kuve kusino pamutemo kusarura mukutengeswa, kurenda, kana kuti kubhadharwa kwedzimba kwakavakirwa parudzi, mavambo orudzi, rudzidziso, vatano, nzvimbo yevatano, kana kuti urema. Inorambidzawo miitiro inonyengera inopa mari inonyengera inokuvadza nzanga duku. Department of House and Urban Development (HUD) inomanikidzira Act, uye vanhu vanogona kunyunyuta zvakananga kupfurikidza neHUD yeFair House neOver Ovement Ovement. Zvisarudzo zvazvino unopfumisa zvinokurukura mushamba dzokushamba dzepa paInda yemakombiyuta netrusarudzo dzedzimba dzedzimba dzehurumende dzinopfuudzo dzinoratidza kushanda kuruzivo rwazvino uno.

VaAmerica Vane Muitiro Wourema (ADA) wa 1990

ADA inorambidza rusaruro pavanhu vane urema mubasa (Title I), hurumende nenzvimbo dzehurumende (Tit II), pokugara pavose (Tit III), uye tetransfernation (Tit IV). Inoda pokugara zvine mufungo (zvakadai serudungwe rwakachinjwa rwebasa, vaturikiri vemashoko, kana kuti mawheelchairps , kana kuti mavhiri okuita kudaro kungaisa nhamo dzisina kufanira pachinhu. ADA yave ichibatsira mukuvandudza kuwanikwa kwenzvimbo dzavose, asi mutemo unoramba usingaenzaniswi. [[FLT: 0] DHOVSYCHOOLY RES Religistration & Supercificial[F:1] inopa mipiro yapamutemo uye magalelo ezvokushanda pamunhu mumwe nomumwe anotarisana neADABS.

Dzimwe Dziviriro Dzamabharakitiriya

Mimwe mitemo inokosha inobatanidza Age Discrimination in Obster Act (1967), inodzivirira vashandi 40 nevakuru; Umutwe IX weFood Amendments (19972), unorambidza rusaruro rwevatano mumasangano edzidzo anotsigirwa nehurumende; uye Exposited Servicess Proloys and Rehocsment Rights Act (US) Act (USTERRA), iyo inodzivirira mabasa emitezo yehondo). Mitemo yehurumende inowanzogovera kunyange dziviriro dzakakura, dzinofukidza mavara akafanana nenzvimbo yeroorano, zvamatongerwe enyika, kana kuti urefu.

Hurumende yeHurumende yePolivhol Rights Dziviriro

Kunzwisisa kubatanidzwa kwomutemo wehurumende nowehurumende kunonetsa. Mitemo yeFederal inoisa uriri hwedziviriro duku kugona kukarira muAmerica ari wose. Mitemo yakawanda yakagadza mitemo yayo imene yekodzero dzavagari vemo inopfuura mipimo yehurumende. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nyika dzinorambidza zvakajeka rusaruro rwakavakirwa pachimiro chebvudzi nerunodzivirira mvere (CRENTINE Act), nepo mimwe ine dziviriro dzakasimba zvikuru nokuda kweLGBTQ vanhu mudzimba nepokugara vanhu vose.

Apo mutemo wehurumende unopa dziviriro huru zvikuru, iwo unowanzotsiva ganhuriro dzehurumende. Nenzira yakapesana, mitemo yehurumende haigoni kuderedza dziviriro dzehurumende. Nokuda kwavanhu vanotarisana norusaruro, kunowanzobetsera kunyora kunyunyuta panguva imwe cheteyo pasi pemitemo yose iri miviri yehurumende nehurumende. Actroductions dzakafanana ne EOC [[FLT] ine zvibvumirano zvebasa zvinobatanidza namasangano ebasa ehurumende anoshandisa basa nenzira yakarurama, kureva kuti nyunyuto imwe inogona kuparira kunzvera kukuru.

Manyuko Etsigiro Yamaruramiro Avagari Vemo

Kupa zvinetso zvekodzero dzevanhu kunogona kukurira, asi masangano akawanda anobatsira zviri pamutemo, kutengesa, uye dzidzo.

Masangano Ezvepamutemo Enyika Nezveuori

  • American Liberties Union (ACLU): ACLU inobata tapuro pamhatsa yakafara yenhau dzerusununguko rwevagari vemo, kubatanidza kutaura kwakasununguka, kodzero dzokubereka, kodzero dzokuvhota, uye ruramisiro yedzinza. Masangano ayo anopawo tsigiro yomunzvimbomo. Website ye ACLU[ inogamuchira “Zivai kodzero dzenyu dzekodzero" nechikamu chemitezo yemigariro yakasiana- siyana.
  • NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF): yakavambwa sesangano rakaparadzana neNAACP, LDF inonangidzira ngwariro parigation, kurasika, uye dzidzo yavose ine chokuita neruramisiro yedzinza, kubatanidza dzidzo, maruramiro okuvhota, uye ruramisiro youtsotsi.
  • Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EOC): Sangano guru rehurumende nokuda kwokusimbisa mitemo yerusaruro rwebasa. Vanhu vanofanira kunyora mashoko eEOC vasati vakwidza mushandirwi wavo. Komishinari inogovera paIndaneti, mutezo unopisa wapachena (1-69-4000), uye pfuma mumitauro mizhinji.
  • National Organization for Women (NOW): PASIPO] Vatsigiri vamaruramiro avakadzi kupfurikidza nezviito zvechikwata chouswa, kukurudzira, uye chiito chapamutemo. Kufunga kwaro kunobatanidza ruramisiro yokubereka, upfumi hwakaenzana, uye chisimba chinogumisa chisimba chinoparirwa pavarume.
  • Southern Pooty Law Center (SPLC): inozivikanwa nokuda kwokuronda mapoka oruvengo nokushora masangano avachena anoshora ruvengo, SPLC inoshandawo paruramisiro yokutama, chinjo yeruramisiro yepwere, uye maruramiro okuvhota.
  • Musangano Wamaruramiro avanhu (HRC): Boka gurusa reLGBTQ+ advocacy muU.S., HRC inogovera zviwiro pamusoro pouenzani hwebasa, kusvika kwoutano, uye dziviriro dzapamutemo nokuda kweLGBTQ+ vanhu vamwe navamwe.
  • Didisability Rights Education & Super Fund (DREDF): Muzinda worudzi nomutemo zvakatsaurirwa kufambisira mberi maruramiro avagari vemo avanhu vane urema kupfurikidza namabasa apamutemo, muitiro wokuva pamutemo, uye rovedzo.

Hurumende Inokurumidzira Neinomhanya - mhanya

  • Kubuda kweRuramisiro (DOJ) Chivility Rights Division: uye kudzorwa kwemitemo yekodzero dzevanhu yehurumende, kubatanidza utsotsi hweruvengo, kusazvibata kwamapurisa, uye rusaruro rwetsika. Zvichemo zvinogona kupiwa paIndaneti kupfurikidza neDOJ’s partoral.
  • Nzvimbo dzokugara neDROBA (HUD): inobata kunyunyuta kwedzimba. Hud's Fair Hosle Hotline (1-69-977) inogovera betsero mukuronga pomero.
  • Office for Civil Rights (OCR) mukati me HHS: mitemo inorambidza rusaruro mugadziriro dzezvoutano dzinogamuchira mari yehurumende. Ikoku kunobatanidza nhau dzine chokuita nokuremara kwoupomedzo, kuwanikwa kwomutauro, uye rusaruro rworudzidziso mumibato yezvoutano.

Dziviriro Dzapamutemo Parusaruro: Nhano Nenzira

Apo kuputswa kwekodzero dzevanhu kunoitika, nzira yokusarudza kazhinji kazhinji inobatanidza kunyunyuta kwehurumende, kumirira pamutemo, uye (kana kuri madikanwa). Kuziva nhano chaidzo kunogona kuderedza tyisidziro ndokuwedzera bviro dzomuuyo unobudirira.

1. nyora Zvinhu Zvose

Usati waita chiito chakarongwa, unganidza ufakazi hwose hunokosha. Ikoku kunobatanidza maemail, manzwi, mapikicha, mashoko echapupu, uye marekodhi emisi yemisi, nguva, uye nzvimbo dzezvinoitika. nokuda kwetsarudzo yebasa, hwirudzuro dzebasa, zviito zvokuranga, uye tsinhiro dzipi nedzipi dzinoitwa navatarisiri dzinokarakadza tsveteko. Kuchengeta magazini ine udzame kunogona kubetsera kutanga mutoo wetsika.

2. Pedzesa Kunyunyuta Kwomukati

Vashandirwi vazhinji, zvikoro, uye vagoveri vedzimba vane miitiro yomukati yokunyunyuta. Tevera iyi yokutanga, kana kuchibvira, kuzivisa sangano racho. Iyi nhano inowanzova chinodikanwa nokuda kwezvibvumikiso zvapamutemo zvapashure, sezvo inoratidzira sangano racho kuva nebanza rokururamisa kuputswa kwacho. Chengeta makopi ezvikamu zvose zvomukati nemhinduro.

3. Kupomerwa Kwesangano Rakakodzera

Nokuda kwokusarura basa, EEOC inoda pomero kuti ipedzerwe mukati mamazuva 180 echiito chokupedzisira chokupa mhaka muhurumende (ichirongwa kusvikira kumazuva 300 munyika dzine sangano remiitiro yebasa yakarurama). Kana iri imba, faira neHUD mukati megore rimwe. Nokuda kwekodzero dzokuvhota, nyorera DOJ’S Civil Rights Division. Masangano akawanda anobvumira paIndaneti kunyora mapepa, uye haudi mumiriri kuti atange muitiro wacho (8/h56 parangiro yepamutemo inogona kubetsera kuronga kutaura zvakanaka.

4. Wana Tsamba Yakarurama Kusvika Kumusoro

Pashure pokunzvera, EEOC ingapa chiziviso che “kururama kuenda kurumwe rutivi”, chiri madikanwa kunyora mhaka yakavanzika mudare rehurumende mumitemo yerusarurano rwebasa. Ichi chiziviso chinokubvumira kupfuurira kunyange kana sangano racho risingawani chisakiso. Murau weganhuriro kukwanirisa kazhinji kazhinji mazuva 90 pakurindwa kwetsamba.

5. Tsvaka mufananidzo wepamutemo

Nyaya dzekodzero dzavagari vemo dzakaoma uye dzinova dzeidi. Kubvunza gweta rawagara uchiziva munharaunda yako chaiyo (basa, imba, hurema, zvichingodaro) kunorumbidzwa zvikuru. Magweta mazhinji ekodzero dzavagari vemo anoshanda pahwaro hwechibvumirano kana kuti kupfurikidza namasangano asingapinduri purofiti. Masangano emitemo namasangano ebhangi anogona kubetsera kuwana zano risingabhadharwi. Kana usingagoni kuwana gweta, masangano akafanana neACLU kana kuti LDF pane dzimwe nguva anoshandisa nhau dzinokosha dzinomutsa mibvunzo yapamutemo.

6. Ongorora Kumwe Kupesana

Mamwe masangano nematare anopa kukurukurirana kana kuti kugadzirisa misangano sechinhu chinotsiva kugadzirisa kusawirirana. Miitiro iyi inogona kupedza kukurumidza uye nemutengo muduku, asi haina kukodzera muchiitiko chiri chose (kunyanya apo rusaruro rwegadziriro dzinogara dziripo). Gweta rinogona kurayira kana kubvumiranwa kwemashoko kuri kuchenjera.

7. Kudzokorora Mashoko Sechikamu Chokupedzisira

Mitemo inogona kuva inopedza nguva, inodhura, uye inopedza ndangariro. Zvisinei, inoramba iri chishandiso chakakomba chokusimbisa maruramiro nokugadza muenzaniso wapamutemo. Kupomera maruramiro avagari vemo kunobudirira kungaguma nokudzorwa nokurangwa, kusunungurwa kwokuda kudzorwa (miraudzo yedare yokumisa muitiro wokupa mhosva), uye mibhadharo yegweta. Kutonga kwekirasi kunoshanda zvikuru mukugadzirisa rusaruro rwakapararira.

Matambudziko Munzvimbo Dzine Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Kuziva matambudziko aya kunobatsira vanhu uye vanotsigira kurwisa kwavo zvinobudirira.

Rusaruraganda Nebias

Urudzi hunotsiva kazhinji kazhinji hwakatsiviwa nezvimiro zvamanomano zvikuru zvorusaruro izvo zvakaoma kubvumikisa. Utsamwi hwakakwana, urongwa, uye kusaenzana kwedzimba kwakaenzana nemhatsa dzinobva mumhatsa yenhau dzinoparadzanisa upfumi, utano, uye mukana. Kuratidzira paradzano (mitemo isingakuvadzi isingaenzaniswi inokuvadza mapoka akadzivirirwa) kunoda ufakazi hwemibatanidzwa uye kazhinji kazhinji kunotarisana nokunzvera kwapamutemo kwakasimba.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvepamutemo Nezvematongo

Kudzokoroka kwekuronga nguva dzinotevedzerwa, miitiro yesangano, uye mitemo yetsika zvinogona kudzivisa vanhu kuronda zvikarakadzo. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi nezvehwindo pfupi nokuda kwokurongedza mutengo. Mukuwedzera, ndyiko yokutsiva nokutya kutsiva — zvikurukuru nokuda kwevashandi mukudaidza kunotaura kuti nhepfenyuro. Kudzorwa kwezvinoitika zveEEOC kunorevawo nguva refu yakamirira nokuda kwokunzvera.

Kushaikwa Kwokungwarira Nedzidzo

Seminzvero dzinoratidza nguva dzose kuti voruzhinji veAmerica havazivi dziviriro dzavo dzakazara dzekodzero dzavagari vemo.

Kudzorera Nokutyisidzira

Kutya kutsiva chimwe chezvikonzero zvinozivikanwa zvikuru zvinoita kuti vanhu vasataura nezverusarura.

Kutyisidzira Kweruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Maarutimendi anoshandiswa mukuroja, porobha, kusimbisa, uye kutarisirwa kwezvikwereti zvinogona kubatanidza rusaruro rwedzinza nerechikadzi. Kushaikwa kwokuona pachena muidzi gadziriro kunoita kuti kuve kwakaoma kudenha rusaruro. Mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo yazvino uno ichiri kutora(vatongi namatare ari kutanga bedzi kushandisa nheyo dzinorwisana nehosha kuuchenjeri hwokuzviitira. Mapoka echiAdvocacy ari kusundira nokuda kwedziviriro dzakasimba zvikuru [[FLT:]]

Kudzidzira Nokuvaka

Kunze kwokutsvaka kuzivikanwa nemutemo nomunhu mumwe nomumwe, kuita pamwe chete uye dzidzo zvinokosha pakuchinja kwenguva refu.Nzanga dzinonzwisisa kodzero dzadzo uye dzinoziva kuronga dzinogona kumanikidza zvakasimba masangano.

Marobhakwe Enzanga Nerovedzo Dzako Dzakarurama

Masangano emarasroot anowanzova nemabasa okushandira apachena muzvikoro, machechi, uye nzvimbo dzenzanga. Marusando aya ane misoro yakafanana nokuti angafambidzana sei nemapurisa, anganyora sei rusaruro, uye anganyora sei kunyunyuta. Zvitsauko zvomunharaunda zveACLU, NAACP, uye SPLC zvinowanzogovera varovedzi. Kunyange shopu imwe inogona kupa vanhu vakawanda simba rokusimbisa kodzero dzavo.

Kupinza Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo Mudare reChikoro

Kudzidzisa nhau dzekodzero dzevanhu uye kudzivirira kwazvino muzvikoro zveK -12 kunovaka fandesheni. Misoro inofanira kubatanidza Civil Rights Movement, chibvumirano chepamutemo, uye nhau dzenguva ino dzakadai sekodzero dzokuvhota uye kombiyuta. Zvidzidzo zvokupindirana, kutongwa kwokunyepedzera, uye vakurukuri vanobva kumasangano ekodzero dzevanhu vanoita kuti nhau yacho ipinde.

Kushandisa Michina Yemagetsi uye Kubudisa Zvinobudisa Mapepanhau

Zviteshi zvemasangano zvemasangano enhau zvinosimudzira manzwi ari mumucheto uye zvinogona kuchinja kusaruramisira kuva nhau dzomunzvimbomo. Hashtag, kukumbira paIndaneti, uye chipupuriro chevhidhiyo zvakaparira chinjo dzemiitiro nokuzvidavirira kwemasangano. Zvisinei, vatsigiri vanofanirawo kushandisa kusasarurana uye kusarurana pachikuva. Masangano akaita se Expronic Foundation [ inogovera zvinhu pakodzero dzemakombiyuta uye kutaura kwakasununguka paIndaneti.

Kudzora Kunoita Mitemo uye Kubatanidzwa Mumutemo

Mitemo inochinja kazhinji kazhinji inoda kudzorwa kwakatsiga pamwero yomunzvimbomo, yehurumende, uye yehurumende. Masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo kazhinji kazhinji anopa nyevero pamusoro pomutemo unomirira, nhevedzano yenhimbe dzakanyorwa tsamba, uye chipupuriro chinotsinhirana pakutongwa. Vanhu vamwe navamwe vanogona kupa mupiro kupfurikidza nokuonana navakuru vakuru vavo vakasarudzwa, uye kuvhota musarudzo iri yose (hwubatanidza starmist nemadzinza omunzvimbomo izvo zvinoumba masangano ezvikoro, magweta, uye vatongi veruwa.

mhedziso

Kuisa denho dzekodzero dzevagari vemo kunoda zvose zviri zviviri zivo nechiito. Nokunzwisisa dziviriro dzapamutemo dzakaiswa mumitemo yehurumende nehurumende, kushandisa mubatanidzwa wezvokuyera uye masangano epamutemo, uye kutevera nhano dzakarongeka dzokugadzirisa rusaruro, vanhu vamwe navamwe vanogona kurwisa nenzira inobudirira. Basa reboka redzidzo uye kusagona kubvisa midzi yetsika yekusaenzana. Kodzero yevagari vemo haidi kudzivirirwa nguva dzose nokuvandudzwa. Kana uri kutarisana nokuputswa kana kuti kumira muchinzwano navamwe, zvishandiso zvapamutemo zvinorondedzerwa pano zvinogovera nheyo yokutsvaka ruramisiro nokuvaka nguva yemberi isingagoni kugadzirwa.