Mhiri kweUnited Kingdom, sarudzo dzameya dzazova nzvimbo yehondo huru nokuda kwemitemo inonangidzirwa kukurira kushaikwa kwepwere nokugadziridza dzidzo. Nepwere dzinotarisana nomusika webasa unochinja zvikuru, mari yokurarama inokwira, uye chinjo yokugadzira zvinhu inokurumidza, zvipikirwa zvakaitwa navadaviri mumaguta saLondon, Manchester, uye Birmingham zvine revo huru nokuda kwomukana wezvemari uye kufambiswa kwenzanga. Uku kusarudza hakusati kuchingova bedzi pamusoro pokutakura kwomunzvimbomo kana kuti mapurisa (majeri), izvo nenzira inowedzera pamusoro penzira yokushongedza nayo chizvarwa chinotevera nounyanzvi, ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, uye tsigiro zvinodikanwa kubudirira muupfumi hwemakwikwikwikwi.

Ukoshi hwenhau idzi hahugoni kunyanyotaurwa. Urovha hwepwere muUK, nepo hwakaderera kupfuura chiverengero chahwo chapamusoro pashure penjodzi yemari ya2008, hunoramba hwakakwirira zvikuru munzvimbo dzakati uye pakati pechiverengero chavagari vemo chakananga. Mukuwirirana neHofisi yeNational Statistics, mwero wokushaya mabasa we 16 kusvikira ku 24 wemakore muUK wakanga uri 12% muna 2023, zvichienzaniswa naidzo dzinongopfuura 3% dzechiverengero chavagari vemo vanoshanda chakafara zvikuru. Mukahasha uyu unotova mukuru zvikuru munharaunda dzinoshaiwa maguta, umo munhu muduku mumwe muvashanu anogona kuiswa mumapoka seNEET (kwete mudzidzo, basa, kana kuti rovedzo). Migumisiro mirefu yenguva inova: vanhu vaduku vanotambura kushaya mabasa muupenyu hwavo, utano husina utano hwakanaka, uye kubatana kwavakavapo.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, gadziriro yedzidzo inotarisana nedzvinyiriro dzayo imene. Kubva mumhatsa yezvikoro mukutsigira mari mumativi akasiyana - siyana kusvikira kudenho inopfuurira yokuwiriranisa purogiramu yechikoro nezvinodikanwa zvemari yemipimo negirini, vapamberi vemo vanomanikidzirwa kufunga nenzira yokufunga pamusoro penzira yokushandisa nayo masimba akaganhurirwa avanenge vachiva nazvo. Nepo meya asingadzore zvakananga, vanoshandisa pesvedzero pamusoro perovedzo yeunyanzvi, kufambira mberi kwemari, uye kubatira pamwe namabhizimisi namayunivhesiti. Nyaya ino inonzvera kuti vapari vemamori venzvimbo dzinotungamirira mumhiri kwamabasa epwere nedzidzo vari kukurukura sei basa ravo rokushambadza, uye mazano avo anoramba achimira munzira.

Kuoma Kwebasa Repwere Nedzidzo muUK

Kunzwisisa zvikarakadzo zvemiitiro zviri kufambira mberi navadaviri, kunokosha kutanga kunzwisisa mwero norudzi rwechinetso. Urovha hwepwere muUK haisi nhau yeUK; inosiyana zvikuru nenharaunda, dzinza, uye kuwanikwa kwedzidzo. Somuenzaniso, data kubva kuHofisi yeNational Statistics inoratidza kuti mwero yepwere yokushaya mabasa mumaguta akadai seBirmingham neLiverpool inodool inodokupeta kaviri zvikuru ayo ari muLondon neSouth East. Iyi nzvimbo inokamuraniswa ikosha zvikuru yomuitiro wokukwira tsvina inoonekwa pakati peva.

Kuwana dzidzo kwakasiyana - siyana. Nepo GCSE nemigumisiro yapamhene zvakavandudzika munyika yose, mukaha pakati pavadzidzi vanoshaiwa navezera ravo vakapfuma zvikuru unoramba wakafara nomutoo wakaoma. Institutitute yeFiscal Studies[ yakanyora kuti mari iri kupiwa muyamuro yokuchamhembe neMidlands yakadzika mashure wakaderera uyo muLondon mumashoko chaiwoiwo, pasinei zvapo nokuedza kukura. Iyi mari inoshandura kuva mitengo mishomanene yemibato yemibato yemibato yechikoro, uye kudzidzisa kwounyanzvi kunokosha nokuda kwokugadzirira vanhu vaduku nokuda kwevashandi.

Kupfuura dzidzo yedzidzo, mhindumupindu inokurumidza yebasa inopa zvose zviri zviviri denho nemikana. Kukura kwemichina, ungwaru hwokugadzira, uye kuchinja kuri kuderedza kudikanwa kwounyanzvi. Vanhu vaduku vakawanda vanosiya chikoro vasina mano okudzidza emisita, mano okugona kugadzirisa zvinetso, kana kuti unyanzvi hwebasa hunodiwa navashandirwi zvino. Panguva imwe cheteyo, mapurovhinzi akadai sesimba rinomutsidzirwa, kutengesa kwemichina, uye kugadzira zvinhu zvakabudirira zviri kutarisana nokuperevedza kwounyanzvi. Vanoda kunyora mari vanoona musiyano sorutivi rukuru rwemibato yavo yemari.

Vaimbi Vemitemo Vanowanika Kuvane Mitambo

Mayator muUK haana udzori hwakananga pazvikoro kana kuti mayunivhesiti, izvo zvinoramba zvichirangarirwa nehurumende yepakati nezviremera zvedzidzo zvomunzvimbomo.

Policy Area Mayoral Power/Influence
Skills and Training Control over devolved adult education budgets, apprenticeships levy funds (in combined authorities), and local skills improvement plans.
Economic Development Ability to attract inward investment, create enterprise zones, and support start-ups through business rate relief and incubator spaces.
Transport and Connectivity Investment in public transport to improve access to education and employment opportunities, especially in underserved areas.
Housing and Regeneration Planning powers to develop mixed-use communities that include affordable housing, schools, and training centres.
Partnerships Convening power to bring together schools, further education colleges, universities, employers, and voluntary organisations.

Zvishandiso izvi zvine simba zvikuru muzviremera zvemaguta akabatanidzwa, zvakadai seGreater Manchester, West Midlands, uye West Yorkshire, uko kushanda kwedevonsoration kwakatsinhanisa unyanzvi hunokosha nemari yokufambisa. MuLondon, meya akachinjawo bhajeti yemari yeLondon Authority yeUniversity yeUniversity yeUniversity yeUniversal yemazano. Vanoda kurovhari muidzi inzvimbo idzi vane dzidzo yechivariro huru zvikurusa nenzvimbo dzebasa, nepo avo vari mumaguta asina masimba anosimudzwa vanganangidzira zvikuru panzvimbo dzokuvamba nokurodza.

Zvibvumirano Zvinozivikanwa Navose Zvinopfuura Nepamwe Pamapuraneti

Izvi zvinoratidza kuti nzira dzekare dzokudzidzira nadzo hadzina kukwana uye kuti nzira dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa munzvimbo iyoyo dzinodiwa.

Kurovedza Michina Nokudzidzisa Unyanzvi Hwezvigadzirwa Zvemagetsi Zvakawedzerwa

Chinenge mukwikwidziridziri wemota anokosha ari wose akaraira nokuda kwekuwedzera mari mukurovedzwa kwamabasa. Ikoku kunobatanidza kukura kwezvikwaniriso zvounyanzvi padzimwe koreji dzedzidzo, kutanga nzvimbo itsva dzakaisvonaka nokuda kwamaindasitiri akati, uye kuronga kosi nezvinodikanwa zvebasa zvomunzvimbomo. Somuenzaniso, mukwikwikwidzani muWest Midlands angasimbisa rovedzo mukugadzira zvinhu zvakabudirira, nepo mutengi weLondon achinangidzira ngwariro pamaindasitiri emichina nerongedzero. Vavariro ndeyokuva nechokwadi chokuti vanhu vaduku vanogona kusiya dzidzo yakaisvonaka yebasa noruzivo rwokushanda panzvimbo yezivo bedzi yezvokugadzirwa.

Vamwe vanoda kutevera vakakarakadza kuumbwa kwe “mirwi inouraya” inobatanidza makoreji akawanda, vashandirwi, uye maroja edzidzo pasi peimba imwe. Maguta aya angapa makosi anochinjika, anodzorwa nenzwisa ayo anobvumira vadzidzwa kuvaka zvikwaniriso munguva inoshanda. Iyi nzira inokurudzirwa nemienzaniso inobudirira munyika dzakadai seGermany neSwitzerland, umo dzidzo yebasa inoremekedzwa zvikuru uye inosanopinzwa muindasitiri.

Kukura Kwegadziriro Dzokuda Kuwana Zvinhu

Zvikepe zvinoramba zviri nhete yedavidzo yetsika kukusashanda kwepwere. Vatsigiri kazhinji kazhinji vanovimbisa kuwedzera nhamba nemavara enzvimbo dzokudzidzira muguta ravo kana kuti munharaunda. Vanokarakadza kushandisa simba ravo rokukurudzira mabhizimisi maduku zvikuru neapakati kukurudzira mabhizimisi maduku zvikuru; vanameya kazhinji kazhinji kutora vadzidzi, kupfurikidza nokupa zvikarakadzo zvemari kana kuti kuderedza mitoro yemari. Hurumende yeUK yakatsoropodza nokuda kwokuva vakaoma zvikuru uye vasingashandisiwi; vanameya vemo vanowanzoreverwa nokuda kwokuchinjika zvikuru mukuti mari inogona sei kushandiswa, kubatanidza kubvumira nokuda kwezvitima zvipfupi kana kuti kuderedza mitoro yezvitima zvezvitima zvezvitima.

Kupfuura nhamba, vara ndiro itiro hanya huru. Zvinangidzira kusimbisa ukoshi hwokuva nechokwadi cherovedzo dzinotungamirira kubasa rechokwadi, rinogarisa uye kuti rinopa rovedzo yakasimba panzvimbo pebasa rakaderera. Vamwe vakada “vimbiso youpwere” yaizogovera munhu muduku ari wose kurovedzwa, kurovedzwa, kana kuti kugoverwa basa munhambo yakati yokusiya dzidzo.

Tsigiro Nokuda Kwepwere Dzinovamba

Kuzivisa kuti havasi vanhu vaduku vose vakakodzera basa regamuchidzanwa, vatsigiri vazhinji vezvokutengeserana. Vanokarakadza mari nokuda kwokutanga vatambi vebhizimisi, zvirongwa zvokudzidzisa bhizimisi, uye mbeu zvinopa chipo chakananga nokuda kwavanhu vari pasi pemakore 25. Iyi nzira yakakurumbira zvikurukuru mumaguta ane zvikamu zvikuru zvokugadzira kana kuti zvemichina, umo chizvarwa chitsva chavatangi chinogona kutarisirwa. Somuenzaniso, meya weLiverpool City County yambotsigira “Unite dereneurship Fund . iyo inogovera zvikwereti zvikwereti zviduku uye inopfuudzira kuvaridzi vaduku vebhizimisi. Nhano dzakafanana dzakaoneka muBristos neLeeds.

Gadziriro dzemichina dzinowanzobatanidzwa nerovedzo yemichina, sezvo chikamu chikuru chemavambo azvino uno chichida mwero wakati wokuvapo paIndaneti, mano okushandisa, kana kuti unyanzvi hwemakombiyuta. Madanho anotaura kuti kupfurikidza nokuderedza mhinganidzo kutanga bhizimisi, anogona kuparira nhevedzano yakanaka yechisiko chebasa nerremation dynamism.

Kuvandudza Kuwana Dzidzo Nokudzidza Kwoupenyu Hwose

Kukurukura mhinganidzo dzemari nedzedzidzo yakakwirira ndimumwe musoro unozivikanwa zvikuru. Zvikarakadzo zvinokarakadza kuwedzerwa kwemibato yavadzidzi vanowanwa vashoma, kufamba kwepachena nokuda kwavanhu vaduku vanopinda koreji kana kuti rovedzo, uye kukura kwepurogiramu dzokudzidza dzavakuru nokuda kwaavo vakabva pachikoro pakuvamba. Vamwe vakatsigira nokuda kwokudzorerwa kwemipiro yokutarisira vadzidzi veyunivhesiti, kunyange zvazvo ikoko kuchiri nhau yehurumende yepakati. Pamwero wemeya, ngwariro iri pakuvimbisa kuti vanhu vaduku havasati vadzingwa pamikana yedzidzo nemhaka yekwavanogara kana kuti mari yemhuri yavo.

MuLondon, vanoda kupedza chikoro vakakurukura nezvokuwedzera dzidzo yapachena nokuda kwevagari vose, muitiro wakatoitwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Ndyiko yacho inokosha, asi vatsigiri vanotaura kuti pakupedzisira yaizozvibhadhara vamene nemari yemitero yakakwirira zvikuru uye ndyiko yakaderera yegarikano.

Kubatanidzwa Munzanga uye Kushandira Pamwe Kwomunzvimbomo

Nzira yokuderedza nayo kushandiswa kwemasangano anotsigirwa nenzanga kugadzira nokupa mapurogiramu emabasa epwere. VaMaydator havagoni kuisa zvigadzikiso zvemabasa kubva kumusoro; vanofanira kushanda neyamasangano omunzvimbomo, mapoka okutenda, makirabhu epwere, uye masangano ebhizimisi. Masangano aya ane chivimbo uye anosvika pakubatanidza vanhu vaduku vangazorambwa nezvirongwa zvehurumende. Vangavimbisa kazhinji kuvamba “magungano echiduku” kana kuti“ magungano echiwindiro chenyika". Kupa vanhu vaduku inzwi rakananga muzvisarudzo zvemitemo zvinovatapura.

Somuenzaniso, mumwe mudaviri muGreater Manchester akakarakadza “Youth Work Taskforce” inobatanidza vamiriri vanobva kusonganiro dzedzimba, nzvimbo dzebasa, makoreji, uye chikamu chokuzvidira. Basa raizova rine mutoro nokuda kwenhamburiko dzokuronga nokupindira kunzvimbo dzakati, nengwariro paavo vane mwero yakakwirira zvikurusa yeNEET.

Fundo Dzapanhau Dzakabva Kumakwikwi Makuru

Kuenzanisira kuti aya mazano ari kuumbwa sei mukushandiswa, tinogona kunzvera sarudzo shomanene dzapamusoro dzenzvimbo dzameya umo kushaikwa kwemabasa kwepwere nedzidzo zvakatora mwero mukuru.

London: Agency Yepwere Yebasa Inoita Kuti Vazowana Basa

Musarudzo yeLondon Meyal, mudaviridzi akatanhamara akakarakadza kuumbwa kwesangano repwere rakazvitsaurira rebasa redzimbahwe. Iri sangano raizoshanda seshopu imwe inomisa, kubatanidza vanhu vaduku nemabasa, marovedzo, uye kurovedza mabanza muguta. Yaizoshanda pamwe chete nerokushandira riripo Jobcentre Place, asi nemhedziso dzinopfuurira zvikuru nedzinovavarira, kubatanidza vashandi vebasa vakatsaurirwa nokuda kwe 16 kusvikira ku 24 zera ramakore kubva kumigariro inoshaiwa. Sangano yacho yaizoshandisawo gadziriro dzokuwana basa muzvikoro napakati pepwere, ichinangidzira kusvika avo vasingatsvaki basa kana kuti dzidzo.

Mutsigiri anopikisa kuti tsigiro iripo inokamuraniswa uye inokundikana kupedza zvinodikanwa chaizvo zvavaduku veLondon, vanotarisana nendyiko dzakakwirira zvikuru dzedzimba uye makwikwi makuru nokuda kwemabasa enzvimbo dzinopinda. Kombiyuta yacho ingatsigirwa nemibatanidzwa yezvipo zvehurumende yepakati uye mari duku pamabhizimisi makuru anoshanda mudzimbahwe, yakafanana neAprenticeship Levy iripo asi ine udzori hwakawanda. Vatsoropodzi havana chokwadi kana izvi zvingawedzera rimwe divi replatimension, asi chikarakadzo chacho chave chakabatanidza vavhoti vafunge kuti tsika yazvino havashandi.

Manchester: Kuwedzera Unyanzvi Hwemadhigirii Muzvikoro

MuGreater Manchester, mudaviridzi akaisa unyanzvi hwemichina pakati pechikamu chavo chedzidzo. Nepo meya asina simba rakananga pachikoro, mubhadhari anopikira kushandisa “simba rapashure” rechiremera chakabatanidzwa kunyengetedza zvikoro nezvikoro kuti zvipedze kunyora, kunzvera mashoko, uye kuva nekombiyuta yezvidzidzo zvavo. Chikarakadzo chinobatanidza kutsigira mari nokuda kwokurovedza mudzidzisi, gadziriro yemarapy akasununguka nokuda kwavadzidzi vanobva mumhuri dzinowana mari, uye makwikwikwi eguta ose anodenha magetsi ayo anokurudzira vanhu vaduku kuvamba zvigadzikiso zvemichina zvemiteo yomunzvimbomo.

Mutoo uyu wakabatana nomukurumbira weManchester uri kuwedzera senzvimbo yetechnology, nemakambani akaita saGoogle naAmazon anofutunura kuti kana vakaisa pfungwa paunyanzvi hwemichina, vanogona kupedza zvose zviri zviviri kushaya mabasa uye kushayikwa kwounyanzvi hunoshumwa navashandirwi.

Birmingham: Kuda Kuchinja Zvinhu uye Kufambisa

MuWest Midlands, mudaviridziri wemota akanangidzira ngwariro pakuvandudza nzira iyo mari yokudzidzira inoshandiswa nayo. Vakakumbira nokuda kwechinjo huru yeAprenticeship Levy, vachibvumira chiremera chakabatanidzwa kugovera zvakananga varoyi vanopa zvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo, panzvimbo pokuva nemari inofambiswa nezvirongwa zvenyika. Mukuwedzera, vanokarakadza kuvandudza mabhazi nemotokari kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vanhu vaduku vari mumaguta ari kunze namataundi ari pedyo vanogona kusvika nzvimbo dzokurovedza nenzvimbo dzebasa dziri muBirmingham dist. Ichi chikwangwano chokufambisa chinofuratira kazhinji kazhinji asi chinotsoropodza nzvimbo umo muridzi wemotokari wakaderera pakati pavanhu vaduku.

Mupindi akavimbisawo “Tree’s Face Pass” kugovera mari yakaderedzwa nokuda kwemari 16 kusvikira ku 21 yegore mukurovedzwa kana kuti dzidzo. Uku kuedza kwakananga kubvisa mhinganidzo inodzivisa vazhinji kutora mikana kunze kwenzvimbo yavo yapedyo.

Zvinetso Nemhinganidzo

Pasinei zvapo nokugadzira uye kushuva zvikarakadzo zvakawanda, mhinganidzo huru dzinosara. Denho inowanzodudzwa zvikurusa ndeyemari. Majekiseni anoshanda mumari yakaganhurirwa, uye mano awo okuisa mugadziriro itsva akaganhurirwa nechitsama chemari yehurumende yapakati yaanogamuchira. Gadziriro yazvino inoparira kuti zvisarudzo zvakawanda zvokushandisa zvidzorerwe kubva kuWhitehall, uye vanameya vane mitero yakaganhurirwa. Somuuyo, zvikarakadzo zvakawanda zvinoramba zviripo kupfurikidza nemisengwa yakasimba inobva kuhurumende huru.

Bureaucracy ndichimwe chipingamupinyi. Kunyange apo mari inowanika, muitiro wokugadza masangano matsva, varoyi, kana kuti zvirongwa zvokudzidzira zvinogona kuva zvinononoka uye zvinonetesa. Kuunganidza zvinhu zvinokosha zvakadai sedzimba, zvokufambisa, uye mapurisa (kureva kuti basa repwere harisi pamusoro pezvirongwa zvenguva dzose. Vamwe vanoda kutora mibato inotenderwa mitsvuku, nemuraundi, asi kuita izvi kwakaoma.

Manoral anopesana munharaunda ndidzowo mhinganidzo huru. Nzira inoshanda zvakanaka muguta rinobudirira seLondon ingasava yakafanira mutaundi rakagadzirwa upfumi kuNorth East. Vachada kungwarira kusagamuchira nzira imwe youkuru-yose. Kuparadzirwa kwakasiyana kwemikana yemari kunoreva kuti kunyange mapurogiramu akanakisisa acharwisana kana pasina mabasa akakwana munharaunda yacho. Uku ndiko kunofanira kuva kuitirwa masangano ezve zvoupfumi akabatana nemabasa omunzvimbomo. "Mayaral" ane pesvedzero yakaganhurirwa."

Kupfuurirazve, kune ngozi ye “masangano avanhu” apo meya dzinochinja. Nhano dzenhambo refu dzakadai sekuvandudza kana kuti dzidzo dzinoda kuchengetwa kwemari uye zvamatongerwe enyika zvichapfuura nhambo dzakawanda dzezvirongwa zvokusarudza. Kana meya mutsva akapinda nezvinoiswa pakutanga zvakasiana zvikuru, gadziriro dzinogona kubviswa vasati vava nebanza rokubereka zvibereko. Uku kusava nechokwadi kunogona kudzivisa vakwanyina vapachivande pakushanda kusvikira kumativi akareba.

Mikana Yokuchinja

Pasinei zvapo nedenho idzi, nguva yazvino inopa mikana yechienzi yokuti vanameya vaite musiano chaiwoiwo. Somuenzaniso, kuchinja kwegirini kuri kuita kuti mabasa matsva avezve nesimba rinomutsidzirwa, makwara akanaka, uye anotarisira mhoteredzo. Vamachingidziri vanogona kugadziridza unyanzvi hwokugadzirira vanhu vaduku nokuda kwemabasa aya, kugadziridza kushaya mabasa panguva imwe cheteyo uye kugadzirisa vavariro dzemamiriro okunze. Kumuka kwebasa riri kure kuri kuitawo kuti vechiduku vari munzvimbo dzinogara nharaunda vakwanise kuwana mabasa aimbova munzvimbo dzeguta.

Ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu pacharwo ruri kuita kuti zvive nyore kuenzanisa vechiduku nemikana. Mameya akawanda akakarakadza madhigirii anoshandisa maarufabheti kuti arumbidze kosi dzokurovedza, marogiramu, uye nzvimbo dzebasa zvinobva paunyanzvi hwomunhu muduku, zvaanofarira, uye nzvimbo.

Kubatana kwenzanga ndeimwe nzira ine chipikirwa. Nokubatanidza zvisungo zvepedyo pakati pezvikoro, makoreji, uye vashandirwi, meya vanogona kuita chinjo isina mupfundo kubva kudzidzo kuenda kubasa. Mienzaniso yakanakisisa inobatanidza vashandirwi mukuronga marongedzero edzidzo, kupa ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwebasa kubvira pazera rapakuvamba, uye kugovera nzira dzebasa dzakajeka. Vamwe vanoda kufunda vakakarakadza kuvamba “zvikoro zvehurumende, zvakaererwa pamakoreji edzidzo edzidzo anobudirira eyunivhesiti, asi nedzokudzora kunochinjika zvikuru.

Pakupedzisira, vanhu vari kuwedzera kuda kuchinja pfungwa dzavo uye kukurumidza kumuka kwemari kwakaita kuti vechiduku vatange kukurukurirana pachena.

mhedziso

Urovha hwepwere nedzidzo zvakatora nhano yakatanhamara nenzira yakarurama munhimbe dzameya muUnited Kingdom. Mazano anokarakadzwa anoratidzira kuzivikanwa kunowedzera kwokuti mitoo yegamuchidzanwa yakundikana uye kuti vatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo vanoda simba nezviwanikwa kuti vaite nenzira yokuratidzira. Kubva kurovedzo yebasa yakawedzerwa nerovedzo kutsigiro yebhizimisi nounyanzvi hwemichina, mifungo inoiswa mberi navada kufunda kazhinji kazhinji itsva uye inogadziridzwa kumugariro wavo womunzvimbomo.

Zvisinei, budiriro haisati ichivimbiswa. Kudhura ganhuriro, zviremera, mativi akasiana, uye ngozi yezvamatongerwe enyika zvinotyisidzira fambiro mberi yose. Chizvarwa chinotevera chameya chichada kwete bedzi gadziriro dzechishuvo asiwo mano okuvaka zvibvumirano zvakafara, kukurukurirana nenzira inobudirira nehurumende yapakati, uye kuchengeta ngwariro pamashoko akawanda. Vanhu vaduku vari kusanotarira, uye zvisarudzo zvinoitwa mumakore mashomanene anotevera zvichaumba mikana yavo ($* uye budiriro yomunguva yemberi yamaguta avo (10) kwamakumi amakore anouya.