Kutanga: Dambudziko Riri Kuwedzera Rougandanga Mudzimba

Ugandanga hwedzimba hunotyisidzira zvikuru kuchengeteka kwenyika yose uye kuchengeteka kwevanhu muUnited States. Kusafanana nougandanga hwemarudzi akawanda, hunowanzobatanidza vatambi vokune dzimwe nyika uye masangano epasi pose, uganda hunomuka munyika yacho. (hunodzorwa nevagari vomunyika kana kuti vagari vemo vanogamuchira pfungwa dzisina kunaka dzakabva mune zvematongerwo enyika, zvechitendero, zvedzinza, kana kuti zvinorwisana nehurumende). Mumakore gumi apfuura, kuwanda uye kuuraya kwemagandanga kwakawedzera, kukwezva kwokukurumidza kunoitwa nomutemo pamwero uri wose. Masangano emitemo ehurumende anoita basa rinokosha mukuzivisa, kudzivirira, uye kupindura njodzi idzi. Kushanda pedyo nenzanga kupfuura zviito zvehurumende, kazhinji ndiko kutanga kuziva zviratidzo zvinonyevera uye kutanga kusvika pachiitiko. Kunzwisisa zvirongwa zvamasangano, unyanzvi, uye zvinetso zvinokosha kudzivirira kwazvinoitwa nenzanga zvinodzivirira nyika.

Nyaya ino inoongorora basa rakasiyana - siyana remasangano ehurumende anoona nezvokuchengetedzwa kwemitemo mukurwisa ugandanga hwomumba, kuongorora nzira dzaanoshandisa, uye kukurukura zvinetso zvinoramba zvichitarisana nazvo mumhoteredzo inokurumidza kutyisidzira.

Kuchinja Kwougandanga Hwemhuri muUnited States

Ugandanga hwedzimba hune mavambo makuru munhau yeAmerica, kubva pamasimba masimba eKu Klux Klan mukati mokugadziridza kusvikira pakubhomba kweGuta reOklahoma muna 1995. Nhasi, tyisidziro yenzvimbo inopararira zvikuru uye ine simba. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) uye Department of Homeland Security [DHS] yakazivisa chisimba chedzinza kana kuti chedzinza, chisimba chechisimba chehurumende, uye kurwisana nebhombavhani, uye kutyisidzira kwomutemo (zvakadai sekodzero dzemhuka kana kuti kurwisana negano) sezvikamu zvikuru zvetyisidziro. [FLT:] Kudenha kweUS. Capitol[FLT]

Masangano anochengetedza mutemo wehurumende anofanira kurwisana neiyi tyisidziro apo anoshanda mukati memiganhu yebumbiro remitemo rehurumende, mabumbiro emitemo outsotsi, uye dziviriro dzerusununguko rwavagari vemo. Mitemo yehurumende pamusoro poutsotsi hworuvengo, mitemo yougandanga, uye zviremera zvokuongorora zvinowedzera kuoma. Uyezve, magandanga omudzimba anowedzera kushandisa kurukurirano dzakavanzwa, zviteshi zvemasangano enzanga, uye mabudiro paIndaneti kuti adzore, kupinza, uye kurwisa zvimiro zvegadziriro zvehurumende izvo zvakaoma kuongorora pasina kuputsa kodzero dzemunhu oga.

Basa Remutemo Wehurumende Kumanikidza Nhungamiro

Masangano anotarisira mutemo wehurumende anobatanidza marudzi akawanda emasangano: mapurisa ehurumende kana kuti migwagwa mikuru, kuongorora kwehurumende, dhipatimendi rekotsekano yavose, uye mabasa anokosha. Mitoro yawo mukurwisa ugandanga hwomudzimba iri yose iri miviri inoshanda uye inoita chiito.

Kudzivirira Kunoita Zvinhu: Chiremera Chinotungamirirwa Nouchenjeri

Kudzivirira kunotanga noungwaru. Masangano ehurumende anochengeta mapoka enjere dzakatsaurirwa anounganidza, kunzvera, uye kuparadzira mashoko etyisidziro. Aya mapoka anoshanda zvikuru ne FBI’s Joint Terrorism Moderation Marces (JTTFs) uye nzvimbo dzehurumende dzinoiswa mashoko evhu. Fusion .Nzvimbo . yakagadzwa pashure pe 9/11] inobatira semizinda yokugoverana ungwaru kumativi ose. Hurumende iri yose zvino inoshanda panenge panzvimbo imwe inosangana, uye mipamhindi mizhinji. Analysts paidzi inonzvera mitengo yapachena, mira mishumo, uye mishumo inobva kuvanhu kuti ione tyisidzir inobuda.

Somuenzaniso, California State Tsumossion Center inopa mashoko enguva dzose pamusoro pokuva mugari wemo anonyanyisa kutsika kutsika yomutemo yose. MuTexas, texas Department of Public Safety[ inoita gadziriro youchenjeri hwakawanda hunodzongonyedza mibatanidzwa yetsika inonyanyisa. Idzi nhamburiko dzakatungamirira kukuputsanya kwemazano asati aita, zvakadai sokusungwa kwa202020 kwomunhu wehurumende yeWashington anoronga kudenha kukwidza, kuonga murutivi kupfurikidza nemikoto yamashoko yapamhizha yamashoko yapa hurumende.

Nzvero Nokusafunga

Masangano akawanda ehurumende ane majekiseni ehurumende kana kuti vamiririri vakazvitsaurira kurwisa ugandanga uye kurwisa ugandanga. Vanounganidza ufakazi, vanoongorora, uye vanovaka mhosva dzemhosva dzokupa mhosva dzehurumende kana kuti dzehurumende. Muzviitiko apo zviito zvomunhu mumwe nomumwe zvinokundikana kusvitsa mitemo yehurumende yougandanga, mitemo yenyika inowanzopa mhosva dzakadai sokutyisidzira magandanga, kuronga kuita chisimba, kana kuti kuvenga utsotsi hunowedzerwa. Hurumende inoshanda pamwe chete nemitemo kuti ive nechokwadi chokuti vatsoropote kuti vasadzorerwe kunyange apo mhosva dzehurumende dzisingaitwi.

Kuda Kuona Zvinhu Zvisina Kunaka Nokutarisira Zvisina Kutsarukana

Pasinei zvapo nenhamburiko dzakanakisisa dzokudzivirira, denho dzinoitika. Kudzikamisa kwomutemo kwehurumende ndiko kuvamba kwechinotapuro chikuru kuzviitiko zvikuru. Mapoka amapurisa ehurumende, zvikwata zvebhomba, uye vadzori venjodzi vanoiswa kuzviitiko zvinoshingaira, migariro yenhapwa, uye zviitiko zvokufungidzirwa zvokubhomba. [Variginia State Police] [1] imiedzo yemasangano anotarisira mativi makuru, anoremanikidzika mativi enyika amo aibatanidza Marlottesville ne Michigan Police yeHurumende ye20]

Masangano ehurumende anobatiranawo namapurisa omunzvimbomo, vatongi, varapi vekurumidziro, uye vakwanyina vehurumende mukati medavidzo. Chivako chemirairo chinowanzotevera National Incident Management Management System (NIMS), ichivimbisa kubatana pakati pavapinduri vakasiana - siana.

Zvinetso Zvepamutemo Nezvekupomera

Kuchengetwa kwomutemo wehurumende kunotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvapamutemo. Kusafanana neFBI, iyo inogona kunzvera ugandanga hwomumba mumitemo yehurumende inotakura mitongo mirefu, vazhinji vanotaura kuti havana “ugandanga hwevatano” mitemo chaiyo. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanotsamira pamiraudzo yamatsotsi nokuda kwemhosva dzakadai sokuponda, kudenha, kana kuti utsotsi hweruvengo. Ikoku kunogona kuoma kunzvera, sezvo kubvumikisa vavariro yougandanga kungada kuunganidzwa kwomura noufakazi. Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seOklahoma pashure pokubhomba kwa1995, dzakaita mitemo yougandanga, asi kuchengetwa kwezvo ugandanga.

Dzikamo pakati pechengeteko nerusununguko rwavagari vemo inova yakakomba zvikuru pamwero wehurumende. Masangano anochengeta mutemo anofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitoo yawo yokunzvera haiputsi maruramiro okutanga eFirst Amendment kana kuti mapoka. Kunzvera kutaura kwepaIndaneti, masangano anopinzwa, uye kushandisa zvisaririra zvapachivande zvose zvine ngozi dzapamutemo netsika. Chirevo chokuunganidza noruzivo rwamashoko chinodzorwa nemitemo yehurumende, nhungamiro dzemasangano, uye mitemo yehurumende yakafanana netyisidziro ye Privtacy Act na[FF:] 28] CFR Part [23:3], iyo inodzora kuunganidzwa nokuparadzirwa kwoungwa kwoutsotsi. Navia iyi mitemo apo inoramba mberi kwetyisidziro dziviriro nemitemo yapamutemo.

Chibvumirano Chenzanga Nokuvaka Chivimbo

Nyanzvi dzinodzivisa ugandanga dzinosimbisa nenzira inowedzera ukoshi hwebatano dzenzanga. . "Masangano omunzvimbomo] rudzidziso, zvikoro, vagoveri voutano hwendangariro, uye masangano edzinza" kazhinji kazhinji ndiwo okutanga kuchengeta kufambira mberi. Masangano ehurumende aita gadziriro dzokuvaka purogiramu dzokuvanza chivimbo nokukurudzira kushuma mufambiro unonyumwira. Somuenzaniso, “ Ona Chimwe chinhu, Saya Chinhu” [ nhimbe], inotungamirirwa neDHS, inotangwa pamwero yehurumende kupfurikidza nezviziviso zvebasa ravose uye nzanga. Madhipati ehurumende akawanda amapurisa ane vakuru vakuru vamagariro vomunzvimbomo avo vanopinda mutaundi, misangano yokuyamuranisa, uye zvinoitika zvechikoro.

Zvisinei, kuvimbana hakunei. Kunyanyova kwakapararira kwenzanga duku kana kuti kunzvera kwamasimba masimba kunogona kuparadzanisa vanhu vamene vangapa mazano akakomba. Masangano ehurumende anofanira kufamba zvakanaka, achisimudzira batira pamwe pasina kuzvidza boka ripi neripi. Rubudiriro rwenhamburiko dzebvumirano dzenzanga runowanzoyerwa nechiverengero chezvikarakadzo zvinogamuchirwa uye kusavapo kwedzorero mukurwisana nokuchengetwa kwomutemo.

Kurovedza Nezvikamu Zvinokosha

Mhinduro inoshanda inoda unyanzvi chaihwo. Masangano anotarisira mutemo wehurumende anoisa mari yakawanda mukurovedza kurwisa ugandanga, njodzi, kunzvera uchenjeri, uye mhinduro inoshingaira. Hurumende zhinji dzinopa kosi pakuziva zviratidzo zvinochinja, kunzwisisa masimba masimba anosundwa nendangariro, uye kutungamirira pamutemo. National Consolation Developtic Complitical Center uye [FLT] FBI’SFBICTALCTICTICTICTIC UNING[ inogovera rovedzo yakakwirira kuvakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende kupfurikidza namapurogiramu .]

Mitemo inoverengeka yakagadzira mapoka akazvitsaurira kuti ataure nezvemasvomhu. New York State Police Bureau of Criminal Investigation inobatanidza Chikamu cheProcticism chinoshanda neDHS neNew York City Police Department. Department of Law Inforcement[[FLLT]] inoshanda muRugare rwamacance neCounterism Division. Mapoka aya kazhinji kazhinji ane chiremera chinoshanda kudarika mitsetse yezvikwangwa, zvichiabvumira kuronda dzinotevera zviri muyambuko.

Ruzivo Nezvinhu Zvinoshandiswa Pakugadzira Zvinhu

Nzvero dzazvino uno dzougandanga dzomumba dzinotsamira nenzira inowedzera paruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Masangano ehurumende anoshandisa mashoko okuzivisa mitoo mumarekodhi outsotsi, mabasa esociation, uye mazano avose. Varaisendi yerayisensi, masero okuwana magetsi, uye zviidzo zvezvitundu zvinowedzera kungwariro dzemunhu asi zvinomutsawo zvinetso zvemunhu oga. Nzvimbo dzeFusion dzinobatira sezvikuva zvokuongorora mashoko akadaro padzinenge dzichiva nechokwadi nemirairo yakavanzika. Somuenzaniso, [FLT: 0] Colorado Information Active Active Center [ inoshandisa gadziriro yesoftware inonzi book].[FLT:]

Kuongorora kwevezvemapepanhau kunonetsa zvikuru. MaPlatform akafanana naFacebook, Twitter, Telegram, uye Parler azova nzvimbo dzokuberekera zvinhu zvinonyanyisa. Masangano ehurumende anogona kuongorora zviri mumitemo yavose zviri pamutemo, asi kutemwa nokupinzwa kwemapoka emunhu oga kunoda mirayiridzo yedare kana kuti mvumo yepamutemo. 2019 kupfuradzira pamiti yeVhiyamu yeMoney muPittsburgh kwakaratidza kuti vafungidziri vakanga vaisa zvinobatanidzwa munzanga munzanga; kunyange zvazvo FBI yakanzvera, hurumende nomunzvimbomo zvakanga zvisingashatiswiswiswiswiswiswi zvizere, zvichisimbisa kudikanwa kwamashoko ari nani.

Kuongorora Vakodzeri: Mutemo weHurumende Unomanikidzwa Kushanda

Kubhomba kweGuta reOklahoma (1995)

Kudenha kwemhuri kwakauraya zvikurusa pavhu reU.S. pamberi pa 9 / 11, kubhomba kweAlfred P. Murah Federal Building kwakaitwa naTimothy McVeigh, chitsotsi chemumba chine zvitendero zvinorwisana nehurumende. Oklahoma Department of Public Safety neOklahoma Highway Patrol yakanga iri pakati pevapi vokutanga. Kunzvera kwakatevera kwaibatanidza batira pamwe pakati peOklahoma State Bureaunica of Investigation, FBI, uye masangano omunzvimbomo. Kudenha kwacho kwakasunda Oklahoma kutanga mutemo wetsika yehurumende yetemu uye kuisa mari mukurovedza kweOpera kweProjikistanti yeP.

Kurwisa kweCapitol muUnited States kwa2021

Kupandukira kwaJanuary 6 kwakabatanidza vatori rutivi vakabva mhiri kwenyika, vazhinji vavo vakamiswa namapurisa ehurumende sezvavaienda kuWashington. Somuenzaniso, Maintana Highway Patrol yakasunga vanhu vanoverengeka vaifamba nokuda kwokuputsa zvombo. Hurumende [Pennsylvania State Police yakabvunzurudza vatori vomunzvimbomo. Chiitichino chakaratidzira kudikanwa kwamasangano ehurumende kugoverana mashoko pamusoro petyisidziro dzinobvira pamberi pokufamba uye kubatirana nezviremera zvehurumende mukati mezvitsauko zvikuru. Post-January 6, miganhuro mizhinji yakasuma mitero yokusimbisa mitemo inorwisana nougandanga.

Chirongwa Chokubaya Zvipfuro (2020)

Gavhuna weMichigan Gretchen Whitmer akadziviswa nenhamburiko yenyika dzakawanda inobatanidza Michigan State Police, FBI][, uye kudzikamisa mutemo kwomunzvimbomo. Vamiriri vevhu vakapinza boka rinonzi “Wolverine Watchmen." mhaka yacho yakasimbisa basa ramasangano ehurumende mukunzvera mapoka ezvomboromatomubatanidzwa uye batira pamwe chete namasimba makuru enyika. Yakaitawo kuti pave nekurukurirano pamusoro pokushandiswa kwebasa romuvanze nedziviriro, nhau idzo dzinotonga dzinofanira kufamba nokungwarira.

Zvinetso Mukudzikamisa Kuchengeteka Nokusununguka Kwevagari Vemo

Masangano anotarisira mutemo wehurumende anoshanda munzvimbo yakaoma umo chiito chiri chose chiri chenzvero yavose nedenho yapamutemo. Kushandiswa kwezvoruzivo rwokunzvera, mapepa okunzvera kwouchenjeri, uye maatomu kuti zvityisidziro zvinogona kurwisana nekodzero dzakavanzika. American Civil Libereties Union (ACLU) yakamutsa funganyo pamusoro penzvimbo dzinobatanidzwa dzinounganidza mashoko asingachinjiki pamusoro pevatsigiri vezvamatongerwe enyika, mapoka orudzidziso, uye mapoka edzinza. Masangano ehurumende anofanira kushandisa utarisiri hunodzosa, mishumo yokuoneka, uye gadziriro yokuongorora kuti asimbise kuti nhamburiko dzavo dzipfuure miganhuro yepamutemo.

Chimwe denho itsauko yamaripoti. Ugandanga hwomumba itsauko duku yezvinetso zvamasimba masimba. Masangano ehurumende anowanzorwisa kudzikamisa basa rokudzivisa ugandanga namamwe mabasa akadai sekumanikidzira kugadzirwa kwemigwagwa, kuiswa kwemirimo, uye kuchengetwa kwavose. Nyika duku dzine bhajeti yakaganhurirwa dzingatsamira zvikuru pamipiro yehurumende kana kuti mauto ebasa rimwe kuti dzichengetedze mano chaiwo. Fund yeRugaret dzakacherekedza kuti mari yehurumende yehurumende uye mapurogiramu ezvombovhengaidzo yomunzvimbomo yachinja, kuchiparira kusazivakaidzwa mugadziriro dzenguva refu.

Nhungamiro Nezvikarakadzo Zvomunguva Yemberi

Kuti dziwedzere kubudirira kwekuchengetwa kwemitemo yehurumende mukurwisa ugandanga hwomudzimba, nzvimbo dzinokosha dzinoverengeka dzinofanira kuongororwa:

  • Expand Intelligence Fusion: Kuvandudza kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo dzehurumende negadziriro dzemibatanidzwa yesangano yesangano nepo uchichengeta dziviriro dzakavanzika. Gadziridza kushuma kwadziri mupimo uye zvishandiso zvemichina mumativi ose.
  • Kuwedzera Kurovedza paMapoka eExtremist: Kugovera rovedzo inopfuurira nokuda kwavakuru vakuru pakuziva zviratidzo zvokuchinja kukuru, kubatanidza mufambiro wepaIndaneti, kutenga zvombo, uye mitoo yokufamba. Livege unyanzvi hwehurumende kubva FBI'S Chikamu chePUPUPU. na
  • Kusvika kweNzanga dzinosimbisa: Reves Investice mupurogiramu dzenzanga dzenguva refu dzinovaka chivimbo ndokugovera nzira dzakakotsekana dzokushuma nadzo zvinonetsa. Kurudzira kuyanana kwekushanda kwendangariro nenyanzvi dzoutano hwendangariro navatungamiriri vokutenda.
  • Esact Legislation yazvino uno yeHurumende: Rangarira mitemo yehurumende inorondedzera ugandanga hwomumba zvakajeka ndokugovera zvirango zvakafanira, nepo zvichibatanidza gadziriro dzinodzivirira rusununguko rwevagari vemo. Mitemo inobva ku [ .Uniformal Mutemo Commission ingagona kugamuchirwa.
  • .Adopt Ethical Technology Use: Kudziridza miitiro yakajeka yokushandisa ungwaru hwokuisa, mashoko anonangidzirwa, uye shoo dzenzanga. Iva nechokwadi chekunzvera nguva dzose uye utarisiri hwakasununguka kudzivisa kushandiswa zvisina kufanira.
  • [[Nto:0] Nhamba yepakati: Rambai muchipfuurira nokuwedzera kutora rutivi muMauto Oburongi namuzvibvumirano zvemashoko zvomunharaunda zvakadai se Law Inforcement Information Exchange (LX).

Ugandanga hwedzimba idenho inopfuurira iyo inoda mhinduro yose youbati ushe. Masangano anochengeta mutemo wehurumende anoshanda pamwe chete zvikuru muiyi nhamburiko. Kupfurikidza nokuchinjira kukutyisidzira kunotanga, kuremekedza maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo, uye kubatira pamwe nenzira inobudirira nenzanga neshamwari dzehurumende, vanogona kupfuurira kudzivirira nzanga padambudziko ramasimba masimba anonyanyisa.

mhedziso

Basa remasangano ehurumende anochengetedza mutemo mukudavidza tyisidziro dzedzimba rinokosha uye rinowedzera. Kubva pakushanda kwemasaisai ezvougandanga uye kuoma kwemagariro emunhu nokugamuchirwa kwemichina, masangano ehurumende anounza kuva pedyo kwakasiyana uye mano pakurwa. Zvisinei, anoshanda mumitemo yepamutemo nezvinopa mari inoda kungwarira kufamba nokufamba. Sezvo ugandanga hwedzimba dzemhuri huchipfuurira kushanduka - chinja / kudzorwa kwematongerwo enyika, uye kudzokororwa kwomutemo kwenzanga kunofanira kuramba kuripo, kujeka, uye kupfuurira. Kudzorwa musimba ravo repamutemo kuchava chinhu chinokosha kudzivirira nzanga dzeAmerica kwemakore anouya.

nokuda kwokurava kwokuwedzera pamusoro uyu, ona [[FLT: 1] Tsamba yeHomeland Recurity’s Fomatiism percentors peji, FBI’s Decrobiticism permilitic comment percenter , uye [[FLT] Government Actication Office mishumo yeparopuro panzvimbo dzemubatanidzwa .[FLT]]