Kushaikwa kwemvura kwazova chimwe chedenho hurusa yemhoteredzo muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri nerechishanu, kuchitapura vanhu vanopfuura mabhiriyoni maviri vanogara munyika dzine dzvinyiriro huru yemvura. Nepo kurukurirano dzavose zhinji panzvimbo dzokudiridza mariridzo kana kuti kushandiswa kwemvura yemanisiparati, mvura yakavanzwa muzvinhu zvezuva riri rose zvinotengeswa (kubva pafoni kusvika paviri pejini) inopa mutyairi mukuru uye anowanzofuratirwa wemvura. Kutaura nouyu “tsoka dzemvura” kunoda gadziriro yakakodzera kusunda maindasitiri kuyera, uye kuzivisa zvakajeka kushandiswa kwemvura. Nyaya ino inonzvera kukosha kwetsoka dzemvura muzvigadzirwa zvemari uye kunzvera gadziriro dzinogona kuderedza.

Kunzwisisa Kunyorwa Kwezvigadzirwa Zvemvura Zvemutengi

Pfungwa yokunyora makumbo emvura yakakudziridzwa nenhamba dzemvura nenyanzvi paUniversity of Twene kugovera mwero wakawanda wekushandiswa kwemvura yakachena. Inoita kuti mvura yose itswe nokusvibiswa mudungwe rose rechinhu (kubva pakubudisa zvinhu zvinogadzirwa, zvokufambisa, uye kurasa). Yakasiyana nokushandisa mvura iri nyore, makumbo emvura anosiyanisa pakati pemarudzi matatu: mvura yebhuluue [magasi] (magasi nedzirobhoti evhu)], mvura inonyunguruka kusha) inosangana nezvinovaka muviri zvinodikanwa kuti zvishatsatiso.

Kudhinda Mapazi Emvura Kunogadzira Mabhasikoro

Mutengi wose akanaka ane nyaya yaanotaura mumvura.

  • [[FTL:0] Cotton T-shirt: T-shirt imwe inoda inenge marita 2 700 emvura(8,9,5] inowirirana nezvinonwiwa nomunhu mumwe mumakore 2,5. Mvura zhinjisa iyi imvura yegirini inoshandiswa kukudza chimera chedonje, asi mvura yebhuruu inoshandiswawo mukudiridza nokupedza dhayi.
  • Smartphone: Kugadzirwa kwemafoni chaiwoiwo kunoshandisa inenge 12,760 marita emvura. Nepo mazhinjisa aiwaya anoshandiswa mumigodhi nokunatsa (zvikurukuru, lithium, cobalt, ndarama), mutoo wechip murapiti unotapira mvura, inoda mvura yakachena zvikuru mukuchenesa marafu.
  • Beef burner: Mbizi imwe yenyama ine tsoka dzemvura munenge marita 2 350, inodzorwa nemvura inodikanwa kupfuya zvirimwa zvemombe.

Iyi mienzaniso inoenzanisira kuti tsoka dzemvura hadzisati dzichingova bedzi dzokushandiswa kwakananga kwamaindasitiri; dzakaiswa zvikuru muketani dzinopinza zvinhu zvokurima mukugadzira.

Kugadzirwa Kwemabhizimisi Enyika Yose

Zvinhu zvevatengesi zvinofamba muzvikamu zvakawanda, chimwe nechimwe chine mabhakitiriya akasiyana - siyana emvura. Chikamu chezvokurima ndicho chikurusa chinotenga mvura yakachena munyika yose, chinoita 70% yezvinobuda zvose. Mune izvozvo, zvirimwa zvinomera nokuda kwemachira, mabhayimu, uye zvokudya zvinogadzirwa zvinobatsira zvikuru. Makambani efashoni oga ane mutoro wemakyubhikimita 79 emvura gore negore, nhamba inotarisirwa kukura nokukurumidza sefashoni. Maza emagetsi, nepo ari maduku muuwandu, anotsamira pamvura inoremadzwa nemvura yakawanda zvikuru yakadai seTaiwan neSouth Korea, apo mafarabhu anodzoro anoshanda nokukurumidza muwachi.

Zvokudya nezvinwiwa ndechimwe chinhu chinorema. Kunze kwemvura yakachengetwa muzvigadzirwa zvisina kugadzirwa, kugadzirwa nokuputirwa kwemvura kunowedzera mafiti ebhuruu neobhuruu. Somuenzaniso, kugadzira kiromita imwe yechokoreti kunoda marita 24 000 emvura, nepo rita remvura yebhodhorodhi inoshandisa marita 5 dzemvura mukugadzirwa kwayo (kubatanidza pombiso nechokufambisa).

Mitemo Yokuderedza Kufamba Kwemvura

Mitemo yemiitiro inoshanda inofanira kubatanidzwa, kubatanidza murairo, kurudziro dzemari, zvinodikanwa zvokuoneka, uye tsigiro nokuda kwokuvandudza. Pasi apa pane shongwe dzinokosha.

Mitemo Yokutungamirira Yokubudirira Kwemvura

Hurumende dzinogona kugadza mipimo yakakomba yokushanda zvakanaka kwemvura nokuda kwemiitiro yokugadzira, yakafanana nemipimo yesimba nokuda kwemidziyo. Somuenzaniso, mativi eEuropean Union e [FTL:0] Industrial Directive [ inobatanidza mipimo inosungirwa pakushandiswa kwemvura nokuburitswa kwenzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzira zvinhu. Kupa mirauriro yakadaro kukudhaiswa kwemicheka, kugadzira zvokudya, uye kugadzira kwemagetsi kunogona kuderedza zvikuru ukuru hwebhuruu nehwe. Secustom comporations perfictives [ity-headters digisters] inoiswa muyunity yechigadzirwa chezvinhu zvinogadzirwa nechinhu chemvura nechinhu.

Zvinokurudzira Zvemari Nezvinovhiringidza

Maturusi ezvemari anogona kudzora mufambiro webhizimisi pasina mirau yakananga. Zvikwereti zvemitero zvemakambani anoshandisa ruzivo rwemvura (sezviito, kuchenesa kwakaoma mumachira, kugadzirwazve kwemvura mumichina yemagetsi isati yagadzirwa) zvinogona kuderedza mhinganidzo yemari kuti ichinjike. Ukuwo, kubvisa mvura inochinja zvinhu /kubvisa vashandisi vemaindasitiri mari yakawanda yokuchera mvura nokurapa. Quidzo remari rinogadzira purofiti ine simba yokuderedza kushandiswa kwemvura. Mitengo yakawanda, kubatanidza Australia nemativi eIndia, yakagadzira mvura inodzosa mvura apo vashandisi vanobhadhara mari yakawanda, inosimudzira kugadzirwa kwokuchengeta mvura.

Kujeka uye Kunyora Zvinyorwa

Vatengi vakadzidziswa vanogona kuita majana emari. Vanoda kuti tsoka dzemvura dzakajeka dzisaidze zvinhu zvinonyorwa sechiratidzo chemvura zvakafanana nenyeredzi dzine simba nerokushandisa. Vatengi vaigona kusarudza zvimwe zvinotsiva zvakaderera. [[FLT:] Water Traft print Network[ yakakudziridza mipimo yokuverenga nokukurukura makumbo emvura. Pamute napamute napamute napo. Kunyange zvazvo munzvimbo dzakawanda, kuratidzira kunofanira kugona kuiswa mumitezotezo semachira, zvokudya, uye zvigadzirwa zvomunhu oga. Somuenzaniso, maMako [FLT:] purogiramu yechiuto] inobatanidza nhevedzano yemvura, uye EUSportirctic Active

Kutsvakurudza uye Kutsigira Kuwana Mari

Nzvero yehurumende ingagona kukurumidzisa kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinoda mvura shoma. Mienzaniso inobatanidza kutangwa kworuzivo rwokudhaya rusina mvura (zvichirevo, kushandisa CO2 sezvinonyungudutsa panzvimbo pemvura), tambo dzinoparadza dzinoderedza zvinhu zvinotakura mvura, uye mhatsa dzezvirimwa zvemvura nokuda kwefiber nezvokudya. Kubatana kwezvisodo zvenyika, zvakadai se Alliance for Water strateship, zvinogona kubetsera kugadzira zvinhu zvinoderedza zvose zviri zviviri kuiswa mvura nokushatiswa. Chiratiso chinofanirawo kutsigira chitarira chitarisirwa mvura, chinobetsera makambani anozivikanwa nengozi dzemvura mukugovera kwayo.

Kushandira Pamwe Kwenyika Dzose uye Kutsigira Vamwe

Zvichirangarirwa kuti zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa navanotenga kazhinji kazhinji zvinogadzirwa munzvimbo dziri kure nedzinotengeswa, mitemo yenyika imwe ingava isina kukwana. Zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose . zvakadai se N]UN Convention, zvinotanga mipimo inozivikanwa navose nokuda kwokushuma kwetsoka dzemvura uye kuzvidavirira kwemichinjikwa. Zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi zvinogona kubatanidza zvikamu zvemvura zvinochengetedza, zvinobatanidza zvisarudzo zvechikwata kuti zviwirirane nenyuko dzemvura. CD yenhungamiro yemvura [[FLT]] inopa maketani anogovera gadziriro yezvibvumirano zvemitengo yamarudzi akawanda kuti zvidzorerwe migumisiro yemvura, uye kuwiriranisa izvi kupfurikidza nomuitiro wokutamba.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Mumutemo Wokudhinda Tsoka Dzemvura

Mienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika inoratidzira kuti muitiro unogona kuderedza kuderedzwa kwetsoka dzemvura.

Purogiramu Yemvura Inobudirira yeCalifornia

Kutarisana nokusanaya kwemvura kusingaperi, California yakaita mitemo yakakwana pasi pe Industrial, Commerciality, and Institutional Econfizence Evement Digiration Direference. Iyi mipimo inoda nzvimbo dzokuitisa kunzvera mvura, kuisa mativi akanakisisa, uye kutevera miitiro yokutarisira yakanakisisa. Purogiramu yakatungamirira kukuderera kwe 15% mukushandiswa kwemvura mumaindasitiri kubvira muna 2015, nemari yakachengetedzwa inokosha mukugadzirwa kwezvokudya uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Kusvika kwaCalifornia kunobatanidza kushuma nokubetsera kwemichina nebetsero yemichina.

Kudhindwa Kwemafora EU Eternal uye Kudhindwa Kwetsoka Dzemvura

WFD yakaisa nharidzano dzine donzo nokuda kwemvura neshandiso inotsigirwa mudzimwe nyika dziri nhengo. Kunyange zvazvo isinganangidziri zvakananga purofiti yeWFD yakasunda nyika kuti dzigamuchire kunzvera kwetsoka dzemvura mugadziriro dzenyika. Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seNetherlands neGermany, dzakatambanudzira izvi zvinodikanwa kumabasa emvura nemagetsi, kudivirira kunzvera mvura inovhara mhoteredzo. Muuyo wave uchiwedzerwa kugadzirwa kwemvura muzvigadziko zvechiDutch uye kuderera kwemvura inobva mumiti yemakemichetura eGermany. Nokuda kwoudzamende, ona [[FLT] .EUPROUP] .

Kutanga Kuratidza Mvura Kusingazvipinduri kweJapan

Japan, nyika inoziva zvikuru nezvedzisingashandisi mvura, yakamutsa makumbo emvura okuzvidira akanyorwa kupfurikidza na Mark purogiramu. Zvibereko zvinowirirana nemipimo yokuchengetedza mvura(kubatanidza kugadzirwa kwemvura necherechepfu dzekuderedza mitoro inodzorwa ne $61] . Nepo kurera mwana kwave kune mwero, mamwe mafemu emagetsi nezvinodhakisa zvakabatanidzwa, kugadzira musika wezvigadzirwa zvemvura zvinozivikanwa. Puro iyi igadziriro inobetsera nokuda kwemitengo yetsika dzinodiwa, inoratidza zvose zviri zviviri mitoro neganhuriro yemiitiro yokuzvizviito zvokuzvidira. Dzidza zvikuru panzvimbo zva [FOct:] E.

Zvinetso Zvokushandisa

Pasinei zvapo necherekedzo yakajeka yomuitiro wokunyora makumbo emvura, mhinganidzo dzinosara. Kudzivisa kwamaindasitiri zvichida kunotyisa zvikurusa: makambani mazhinji anotya kuti ndyiko dzokubvumirana dzichaderedza makwikwi, zvikurukuru mugove wenyika yose umo micheto miduku. Tsika yemitengo ndeimwe mhinganidzo huru. Kuronga tsoka dzemvura dzemugadziridzo kunoda mashoko ane udzame pamusoro pedanho riri rose rokugadzirwa, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji nyika dzakawanda dzinochengeta manyoro asingawi. Makambani maduku namanyoro angashaiwa zviwirirano kurangarira zvakakwana, kuparira nzvimbo isingawirirani.

Mukuwedzera, mvura ichinhu chomunzvimbomo chinoshandiswa munharaunda ine mvura yakawanda ingava isina kufanira mumvura isina mvura. Vagadziri vemitemo vanofanira kugadziridza zvishuvo nemipimo kumigariro yemvura yomunzvimbomo, izvo zvinoomesa zvinyorwa zvezvinhu zvinoshandiswa. Kunewo ngozi yetsika “chinoparwa ,”: kana miraudzo ikava yakanyanyisa murumwe rutivi, vagadziri vangaenda kunharaunda dzine mitemo isina kusimba, vachichengeta mutengo wemvura yenyika yose. Zvibvumirano zvenyika yose nezvitsauko zvebhizimisi zvinoshanda kumativi ose enyika zvinokosha kudzivisa ikoku.

Mitengo Yemari Nokupera Kwebhizimisi

Mitengo yemari inogadzirwa nokugadzirwa kwemvura inowanzotakura ndyiko dzamadzimbahwe dzinogona kudziviswa nokuda kwamafemu maduku. Nepo mari dzinobetsera dzinogona kutsiva iyi ndyiko, dzinoda mari yehurumende ingava yakaoma kuchengetedza. Uyezve, kuderedzwa kwemvura kunorwisana nemimwe nharidzano dzemhoteredzo (somuenzaniso, kuderedza kushandiswa kwemvura kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakaoma kungawedzera kushandiswa kwemagetsi necarbon. Masangano anodiwa kudzivisa miuyo isingakanwi, kuyera kutengeswa kwemvura, simba, uye mitaro yezvinhu.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Kuongorora Mari Nemvura

Muganhu unotevera mumiitiro yenzvimbo dzinotsikirira mvura uri mukubatanidza nheyo dzemari yakatenderera. Panzvimbo pokungoderedza bedzi kushandiswa kwemvura muchikamu chimwe chezvinhu, donzo redenderedzwa rokubvisa tsvina ndokuchengeta mvura ichishandiswa pamwero wakakwirira zvikurusa unobvira. Mitengo yokuti inoita kuti kugadzirwazve kwemvura uye kushandiswazve mukati menzvimbo dzinogadzirwa zvinhu zveindasitiri, sezvinoonekwa mu KALDYBorg SYBIOSIS[ muDenmark, inogona kuderedza zvikuru kushandiswa kwemvura. Nenzira yakafanana, gadziriro dzokuwedzera mugadziri wemvura dzinoda vagadziri kuti vagadziri vadzore nokushandutsa zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kudzokera shure uye kushatsa zvinogona kuderedza daro remvura rinobudiswa nokurasika.

Unyanzvi hwemichina hunopawo zvishandiso zvitsva zvokushandisa nokuvimbisana kwemitemo. Zvikamu zvekuchengetesa zvinoiswa pachishandiswa nhevedzano zvinogona kugovera zvinyorwa zvokusagona kugadziridza zvemikoto yemvura, zvichiita kuti zvive nokujeka. Mamita emvura epamanzwi eIoT anogona kupa mashoko chaiwoiwo anoshandiswa kumichina yemvura kuidzorosa uye vanhu, kugonesa kugadzira nokuchengetedza. World Resources Institute’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas[[[FLT:]]

mhedziso

Mipimo yemvura yezvigadzirwa zvezvitengi yakavanzwa asi yakakwirira papfuma yenyika yose. Kubva panzvimbo dzedonje dzinotipfekedza kusvika kumichina inodzora magetsi emagetsi, mvura inoyerera nomuzvinhu zvose zvatinotenga. Mipimo yemipimo yakarongwa (mipimo) inobva mumipimo yemipimo yemitemo yebudiriro nezvinosunda zvemari kumipimo yokuoneka nebatira pamwe yamarudzi ose kuoneka nokubatira pamwe kwapasi pose kupfurikidza nechishandiso chine simba chokuderedza tsoka dzinoshandiswa. Nepo zvinetso zvemaidi, uye zvematongerwe enyika zvichapfuurira, kubudirira kwevarera vapakuvamba saCalifornia, EURO, uye Japan zvinoratidza kuti fambiro mberi kwemvura kunobvira nokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, uko kunokosha kuita chiito chakasimba bedzi. Kurangarira kwemvura kunochinja mufambiro mumiitiro, tinogona kutengesa maindasitiri yenguva yemberi kunzvimbo isina kugutsa bedzi zvinhu zvedu asi inodzivirira upenyu.

Nokuda kwokuravazve pamitoo yokunzvera yemvura, inongedzera ku Water Traff Network . Nokuda kwokunyudza kwakadzama muutariri hwemvura, Mvura Mancate[ inopa zviwiso nenzvero. World Resources Institute’s Aqueduct platifomu yenyika yose yengozi yemvura inogovera mashoko engozi yemvura anobetsera nokuda kwavagadziri vemiitiro namabhizimisi zvakafanana.