Kunzwisisa Basa Remahofisi Ehurumende Mune Zvokugara Zvikuru uye Mudziviriro

Garikano yavana nedziviriro zvinoumba mavambo enzanga ine tsitsi neyakatsiga. Gore riri rose, mamirioni avana muUnited States anosangana negadziriro dzegarikano yavana vehurumende, vana vanopfuura 600 000 vakasimbiswa savanyajambwa vokubatwa zvisina kufanira kana kuti kuregeredzwa muna 20222 vari voga, mukuwirirana nemashoko anobva ku Vana . Masangano ehurumende akatsaurirwa kugarikano yavana ihurumende imabasa makuru okutarisira kubatwa zvisina kufanira, kuvimbisa kuchengeteka, uye kusimudzira kuchengeteka kwechigarire, mhuri. Masangano aya haashandi mukuvaradziri; ari rutivi rwemibatanidzwa yakafara yemitemo, nzanga, masangano ezvokushanda ayo anoedza pamwe chete kudzivirira mitezo inosarira vanhu vakaderera zvikurusa vagari vemo. Kunzwisisa basa ravo rose rokudzivirira, kudzivirira mhuri kudzivirira mhuri kumiteveridzo inodzivirira, vagari vemo vanotarisira zvakanaka, uye vanotarisira zvakanaka pamusoro pezviko.

Shoko rokuti “dhipatimendi rehurumende” muaya mashoko akapoteredza kazhinji kazhinji rinonongedzera kusangano renzvimbo yehurumende rinopa mitoro yegarikano yavana, rinowanzonzi Department of Social Services, Department of Children and Families, kana kuti chimwe chinhu chakafanana. Masangano aya anotarisira nhevedzano yamapurogiramu yakarairwa nomutemo wehurumende nehurumende, kubatanidza mabasa anodzivirira vana (CPS), kutarisira kwokurera, kurera, uye kutarisira ukama hwehama. Kuoma kwebasa ravo kunovapo kubva pamabasa maviri okudzivirira vana panjodzi apowo zvinochengetedza nokusimbisa mhuri pose pazvinobvira. Kudzikamisa dzimwe nguva vavariro idzi vavariro dzinoda zvishandiso zvine unyanzvi, zvinhu zvakakwana, uye kunzwisiswa kukuru kwezvinhu zvinoparira kubatwa kwevana. Nyaya iyi inoongorora chinangwa chechinangwa, mabasa, zvinetso, uye nguva yemberi mirayiridzo yemadhipatindiro yemasangano mugaririro yemwana, inogovera vanoda kukwanisa kutsanangura zvinhu zvose.

Nheyo Yenhau Nemhindumupindu Yehurumende Yechild Welfare

Masangano ehurumende azvino uno ezvegarikano yavana haana kumuka kamwe kamwe. Midzi yawo inodzokera shure kumavambo ezana ramakore rechi20, apo masangano okudzivirira echiduku okutanga nenzvimbo yavana edzinotangira akaitwa mukuziva kukura kwokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana nokuregeredzwa. Chinyorwa 1909 White House Conference on Children chakagadza nzvimbo yebasa rehurumende mugarikano yavana, kuchitungamirira kukusikwa kweChild’s Bureault muna 1912. Mumakumi amakore anotevera, anotaura kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kudzivirirwa kwavana kwakarongwa, asi kwakanga kuri kupfuudzwa kweChild Abuse Dectation and Treta Act (CAPTA) muna 1974 uko kwakaraira kuti hurumende iri yose ive gadziriro yokugamuchira nokupindura mishumo yokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana. CAPTA yaidawo kutaura kuti itange marondedzero okushatisimuro etsika dzokubatwa zvisina kufanira uye kuregereswa kwemitemo.

Ma 1980 na 1990 akaona chinjo dzinokosha, kubatanidza Kubatsira nokutsiva kwechisimba kwechild Welfare Act ya1980, iyo yakasimbisa “nhamburiko dzine mufungo” dzokudzivisa kubviswa nokudzorwazve kwemhuri, uye Kugamuchirwa uye Kuchengeteka kwemhuri (ASA) kwe1997, idzo dzakatanga nguva nokuda kwokuva nechakachengeteka kwavana uye dzakanangidzira ngwariro huru pakukotsekanya kwetsika. Iyi mitemo yehurumende yakaumba gadziriro yemadhipati ehurumende, ichida kuti idzikamise kuchengeteka, kusanowirirana, uye kusasarura. Muzana ramakore rechi21, kuisa ngwariro kudziviswa kwenhau, mashandisiro enhau, uye kuderedza kubviswa kwedzinza mutsika dzedzinza mugadziriro yavana. Nhasi, madhipatika anonzvera kunzvera, uye kunzvera kurangarira nhau yenzanga. Kunzwisisa nhau inobetsera kutsanangura nhau yacho nokushandisa mamiriro ezvinhu.

Mahofisi Ehurumende Anodzora uye Kunyoresa Kwepamutemo

Madhipatimendi ehurumende ezvegarikano yavana anoshanda mukati memhoteredzo yapamutemo yakaoma inobatanidza mitemo yehurumende, mitemo yehurumende, zvirevo zvedare, uye mirairo. Pamwero wehurumende, CAPTA inogovera tsananguro yapamavambo yokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana uye kuregeredzwa uye inoda kuti nyika dzive negadziriro yokushuma. The Thit IV-E inosimudzira nokurera vana, rutivi rwechikamu cheSocial Security Act, mari yezvirongwa zvegariso zvegarikanho uye kuisa zvinodikanwa pamusoro pekuronga mamiriro ezvinhu emwana, mhindu, uye kuchengeteka kwavana. Indian Child Wevelvelct Act (ICA) inoisa mitemo yakananga nokuda kwavana veMarudzi rweAmerica. Mukuwedzera, Fostering Confective Regation Act inobatanidza gadziriro dzekugarance, dzidzo, uye kuchengeteka.

Hurumende imwe neimwe inewo mitemo yayo imene inodzivirira vana iyo inorondedzera chinoumba kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwevana, kuregeredzwa, kana kuti kutsamira. Masangano ehurumende anorairwa kushuma nyumwiro. Vatori venhau vakakurumbira − vakadai savadzidzisi, vanachiremba, uye vakuru vakuru vapamutemo vanodikanirwa nomutemo kushuma nyumwiro ipi neipi ine mufungo yokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwevana kunzvimbo ine mutengo wakakwana kana kuti mabasa anodzivirira mwana. Masangano ehurumende anosungirwa pamutemo kudzivirira, kuyera, uye kupindura kumishumo iyi mukati menguva yakatarwa, kazhinji kazhinji mukati memaawa 24 kusvikira ku7 kutsauko kutsama. Chirongwa chapamutemo chinodzorawo kubviswa kwavana mumisha yavo, uko kunoda dare kana kuti kuiswa kwekurumidziro panjodzi yakavanzwa nengozi. Iyi mitemo inogadzirwa kudzivirira vose vari vaviri namaruramiro avabereki, kupfurikidza nokutarisira kutongwa.

Mibato yeState Child Welfare Departments

Kunzwisisa nzvimbo imwe neimwe zvakadzama kunoratidza kuoma uye kuoma kwakaita basa rayo.

Masangano Okudzivirira Vana (CPS) uye Kuongorora

Basa rinooneka zvikurusa ramadhipatimendi egarikano yavana vehurumende kunzvera mishumo yokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana nokuregeredzwa. Apo mushumo unogamuchirwa, mushandi akarovedzwa weCPS anofanira kuyera kotsekano yemwana, kutema kana kusabatwa zvisina kufanira kwakaitika, uye kusarudza kuti kupindirai kuri madikanwa kudini. Uyu muitiro unobatanidza kubvunzurudza mwana, vabereki, uye mimwe mitezo yemhuri, pamwe chete nokuonana kwavana savadzidzisi savadzidzisi navanachiremba. Mushandi anofanira kuunganidza mashoko akakwana okuita kutsunga mukati menguva inodzorwa nguva inodzorwa zvikuru (531,00 kutoma 60, zvichitsamira pamushumo wehurumende. Kana mushumo wacho uchiwinwawo (wna kunzi”), kitoo rokuzvidira, basa ringapa mabasa okuzvidira, nhau yokuongorora, kana kuti dare rirambe richipindira nokuda kwokupindira.

Nzvero haisati ichingoda kuziva bedzi zvokwadi; inodawo kuyera ngozi nokuda kwekuvadziko yomunguva yemberi. Vashandi vanoshandisa maturusi akarongwa okuita zvisarudzo uye gadziriro dzengozi kuti vatungamirire rutongeso rwavo. Mudzimwe nyika, kushanda kweCPS kwakaparadzana nezvinopfuurira kudzorwa, namapoka chaiwo okutora, kunzvera, uye kunzvera. Nomutoo wokuwana mashoko echiNgezi Gatewayro [ inogovera nhungamiro yakakwana pamuitiro wokupindura, inosimbisa ukoshina kuchengeteka nokubatanidzwa kwevatano nemhuri. Pasinei zvapo nemiitiro yakanakisisa, kunzvera, uye dzvinyiriro inobva kumativi akawanda, kubatanidza kudzivirira vana apo vanoremekedza mhuri.

Kutarisira Kwemhuka Neitiro Hanya yeKinship

Apo vana vasingagoni kuramba vari mumisha yavo vamene zvakakotsekana, madhipatimendi ehurumende ane mutoro wokuvaisa mutarisiro yokunze kwemusha. Tsitsi dzinobatanidza kuisa mwana nemhuri yokurera ine marezero, hama yokurera kana kuti hama yokunyama, musha, kana kuti nzvimbo yokurapa. Vavariro ndeyokugovera mhoteredzo yakakotsekana, yakatsiga apo vedhipatimendi rinoshanda kukunatsazve mhuri yokubereka kana kuti imwe gadziriro yechigarire. Savanhu 2022, vana vanenge 390 000 vakanga vari mutarisiro yokurera muUnited States, navanenge 43% vane mhuri dzinochengetwa dzinochengetwa nedziridzwa, 32% nehama dzokunyama (tarisiro yeteshi), uye vasara mutarisiro kana kuti zvimwe migariro.

Madhipatimendi ehurumende anofanira kupinza, kurovedza, uye rezenisi vabereki vanorera, kugovera, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vana vanogamuchira mabasa outano akakodzera, edzidzo, uye ezvezvoutano. Mutemo weFederal unoda kuti gadziriro yenhau nenzvero dzenhambo dziitwe kuva nechokwadi chefambiro mberi kurubudiriro. Kubatanidzwa kwaVana naMakamite [FLT] [FLT] [FFF] [1] (ACF) anotarisira mari yeIV, iyo inobhadhara mitero yemari yokutarisira kuchengetwa kwokurera nokutarisira. Kinshishi yakawana ngwariro inowedzera nemhaka yokuti inochengeta batano yomwana kumhuri netsika, kazhinji kazhinji kutungamirira kumiuyo iri nani. Zvisinei, vatarisiri vemhuri vangatarisana nenhamo yemari nokushaiwa pamutemo kutongenge varipo vachiva basa rokubetsera zvikuru. Zvino zvino vanoshandisa miitiro yemhuri inoshandiswa kuzivisa kuteshina yokutanga kupfurikidza nokuwana.

Masangano Okurera Vana

Kana kubatanidzwa kusingabviri, (kazhinji kazhinji nemhaka yokubviswa kwakakomba kwekodzero dzavabereki, kana kuti kubviswa kwekodzero dzavabereki kunotsvaka misha yokurera vana. Madhipatimendi okurera anotarisirwa nemitemo yehurumende nehurumende, nevavariro yokuwana nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. ASFA inorayira kuti chikumbiro chokubvisa kodzero dzevabereki (TPR) kana mwana ave ari mukurera vana kwemwedzi 15 yemwedzi 22 ichangobva kupfuura, kutoti kana zvimwe zvikasashanda. Pashure peTPR, bazi rinoshanda kuti riwirirane nomwana nemhuri inotenderwa kurera, uko kungava kurera mhuri inorera, hama yokurera, kana kuti mhuri isingawirirani.

Madhipatimendi ehurumende anotarisira gadziriro yefundo yapamusha yokurera, anogovera betsero dzokurera vana (kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza neTitle IV-E), uye anopa mabasa azvinotarisirwa pashure pokurerwa kuti vatsigire mhuri. Vana vazhinji vanogamuchirwa kubva kutarisiro yokurera vane zvinodikanwa chaizvo, kubatanidza zera rakura, mapoka evatevedzani, kana kuti mirangariro yendangariro, naizvozvo migove yemari inokosha kubetsera mhuri kusvitsa zvinodikanwa izvozvo. Kurera mhuri dzinotarisirwa kunoitwa nehurumende, uye masangano anofanira kusvitsa mipimo yakatsinhanhahanuro yezvibvumirano zvokugamuchira mwana muteveridzo. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, anonangidzirawo miganhuro yokurera mhuri dzeLBTQ uye nokuda kweva vakuru vakuru, nepokuvimbisa kuti mhuri dzose dzinonyatso. [FLT:]

Kutsigira Mhuri uye Masangano Okuchengetedza

Basa rinokosha asi risingawanzooneka ramadhipatimendi egarikano yavana vehurumende igadziriro yetsigiro yemhuri namabasa okuchengetedza anoitirwa kudzivisa kudikanwa kwekurera. Mabasa aya anovambira pakupindira kwenguva pfupi kusvikira kunzira dzokutonga kwenjodzi dzenguva refu uye kubatanidza makirasi okurera, kurapa kwemirimo, kupa zano rezvoutano, mabasa echisimba epamba, uye betsero yemari nokuda kwezvinodikanwa zvikuru. Muhurumende dzakawanda, aya mabasa anoitirwa kupfurikidza nemabasa enzanga anogamuchirwa nedhipatipatimendi rehurumende. Mufungo we “mhinduro yapamutemo yenhau yenguva refu yenguva refu yenhau uye“ kana kuti mhinduro yezviito zvenguva dzose" yakagamuchirwa nehurumende dzakawanda, kubvumira zvinoitika zvakaderera kuti zvigamuchire mabasa pasina kunzvera kwapamutemo, kuita mhuri nokuzvidira uye kuderedza rudzi rwetsika yeCPS.

Mapurogiramu okushanyira musha, akadai seHeod Families America and Movent-Frientpaneship, akabatanidzwawo negarikano yavana. Madhipatimendi ehurumende angatsigira kana kuti kubatira pamwe nepurogiramu idzi kuti atsigire mhuri dze-risk mushumo wokubatwa zvisina kufanira usati waitika. Nzvero dzakaratidza kuti mabasa okuchengetedza mhuri akasanogadzwa anogona kuderedza kubviswa ndokuvandudza kuchengeteka apo anobata vana apo vanobata zvisakiso zvikuru zvokutambura, zvakadai sourombo, kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwavabereki, uye kushaikwa kwetsigiro kwenzangariro yenzanga. Zvisinei, kushanda kweidzidziyo kunotsamira pakutsigira kwakakwana uye kutendeka. [[FLT:][FLT][FLT]]

Kuongorora Kwaiitwa Muudzame

Kana mushumo wokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana uchiitwa kunzvimbo inopisa zvikuru, dhipatimendi rinofanira kutanga kuona kana mushumo wacho uchisangana nerondedzero yemitemo yokubatwa zvisina kufanira kana kuti kuregeredzwa uye kana uchizosvika pasi pehurumende. Kana mushumo wacho uchigamuchirwa, unogoverwa mwero wenzvimbo yokutanga: nokukurumidza (ngozi inoda mhinduro yemaawa 24), yakakwirira (nemaawa 72), kana kuti ine mwero (mumazuva 5-10). Mushandi akapiwa CPS anoitisa kunzvera, izvo zvinobatanidza:

  • Chiverengero chekotsekano chaichinjira:[[FT:1] kubvisa kana mwana ari mungozi yapakarepo uye kana zviito zvipi nezvipi zvokudzivirira (mh., kubviswa, gadziriro yekotsekano) zvinodikanwa.
  • Bvunzurudzo Yomhuri neshanyo yapamusha:[[FLT: 1] Kutaura navatarisiri, kucherechedza mhoteredzo yapamusha, uye kuyera zvinodikanwa zvikuru zvakadai sezvokudya, pokugara, uye tarisiro.
  • Bvunzurudzo yomwana: Kuitisa bvunzurudzo yakaparadzana, yakakodzera zera nomwana, kazhinji kazhinji mumugariro wokusatora rutivi wakadai senzvimbo yokushatiswa kwomwana nokuda kwezvinoitika zvokubatwa zvisina kufanira muvatano.
  • [ Ambuyanani: Kutaura navatori venhau, hama dzokunyama, vavakidzani, kana kuti vamwe vanamazvikokota vane mashoko akakodzera.
  • Kunzvera kwendangariro nendangariro: Kana kuvadziko kana kuti njodzi yendangariro zvikafungidzirwa, kuronga bvunzo dzounyanzvi.
  • [[FT:0] URIsk kuyera: Kushandisa chishandiso chenzvero yengozi yakatarwa kuti iedzese bviro yokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwomunguva yemberi.
  • Kugumisa: kugumisa kana mushumo wacho “watotongwa” (unotsigirwa noufakazi hunodavirika) kana kuti“ hauna kuvakirwa.”

Vazhinji vanoitisawo “kunzvera kwemhuri” kana kuti“ mhinduro yakasiana----kufamba nokuda kwenhau dzakaderera, uko kunanga kuri pakupinda kwemhuri mumabasa panzvimbo pefekitari yakarongwa. Uku mutoo wakabatanidzwa nokubatanidzwa kwakakwirira kwemhuri nokudzokororwazve kwekuvadziko. Kunyange zvakadaro, mushandi anofanira kunyora mabasa ose mumhaka, angashandiswa mudare. Kunzvera kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inhambo inotambudza zvikurusa nokuda kwemhuri, uye vashandi vanorovedzwa kuva vanotapurwa nekuva vanotapurwa nezvinovadziko. Chichapupuriro ndechero kuti vashandi vazhinji vanotakura zvinhu zvakakwirira. Nemhaka inorumbidzwa zvikuru inhau 12-15 pamunhu mumwe nomumwe, ichiita kuti kuneta nokuchinja, uko kunogona kukanganisa rudzi rwebvunzo. [FFF:] [FFF] paYunivhesitin University of Chicquet]

Kubatana Nekumanikidzwa Kwomutemo Nezvirongwa Zvenzanga

Madhipatimendi ehurumende ezvegarikano yavana haagoni kuita basa rawo roga. Kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana kazhinji kazhinji imhosva, uye masangano anochengeta mutemo ishamwari dzinokosha mukunzvera nhau dzokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwomuviri, kubatwa zvisina kufanira muvatano, uye kuregeredzwa ikoko kunoguma nengozi. Nyika zhinji dzine mipimo inowirirana nokuda kwe apo CPS namapurisa zvinopindura pamwe chete, zvikurukuru mumhaka dzekuvadziko yakakomba kana kuti mufambiro woutsotsi. Mapoka akawanda anoranga (MDTS) anobatanidza CPS, kudzika mutemo, vachuchidzi, vachuchidzi vezvoutano hwendangariro, uye varevereri venyajambwa vanosangana nguva dzose kuti vawidzane mashoko, vanogoverana mashoko, uye vanovimbisa mhinduro huru iyo inoderedza njodzi kumwana.

Zvikoro ndemumwe mukwanyina anotsoropodza. Nemhaka yokuti vadzidzisi navashandi vechikoro vanobatira pamwe navana zuva nezuva, kazhinji kazhinji ivo ndivo vokutanga kucherekedza zviratidzo zvokubatwa zvisina kufanira kana kuti kuregeredzwa. Maruwa mazhinji ezvikoro ane miganhu yokushuma kunzvimbo dzinopisa zvikuru uye nokuda kwokubatira pamwe neCPS apo mwana ari mungozi. Masangano ehurumende anoshanda negadziriro dzoutano kuti aone vacheche vanoberekwa varatidzirwa kuzvinhu (zvakadai sokushandiswa kweopiojoid), izvo zvinoda kupindira kwapakarepo. Masangano enzanga akavakirwa panzvimbo dzamasimba masimba masimba emhuri, kubatanidza nzvimbo dzokurapa namagetsi ezvokushandisa zvinhu, mabhangi, mabhangi edzimba dzedzimba, uye mapurogiramu edzimba izvo zvinobetsera mhuri. Masangano ehurumende kazhinji kazhinji anobvumirana kupa mabasa akananga mabasa avo akananga, unyanzvi uye bataniro dzenzanga dzinobetsera. [5]

Matambudziko Anotarisana Nemahofisi Ehurumende Anotarisira Kubudirira Kwavana

Pasinei zvapo nebasa rawo rinokosha, madhipatimendi ehurumende egarikano yavana anotarisana nedenho dzinopfuurira uye kazhinji kazhinji dzinokurira.

Kushandisa uye Kutadza Kuwana Mari

Garikano yavana inodzorwa nokusadzorwa. Kubetsera mari zvikurukuru kupfurikidza neTitle IV-E, iyo iri maruramiro okutarisira nokurera mwana wokurera asi haisati ichifukidza mabasa ose. Nyika dzinofanira kufukidza asara, uye mukati mokusaterama kwezvemari, bhajeti nokuda kwokudzivirira netsigiro yemhuri dzinodzikiswa. Ikoku kunotungamirira kumitoro yakakwirira yomubato, rovedzo isina kukwana, uye mabasa akaganhurirwa nokuda kwemhuri. Maruwa mazhinji akatarisana nemhosva pamusoro pekundikano pamusoro pemiganhuro yawo yegarikano yavana, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji yakavakirwa mumitengo yemari. [[FLT:]] Nhlangano weDrendsss [[FLT: 1] nguva dzose]

Kukwira Kwemhosva Nekuchinja Kwebasa

Vashandi vanotapa vanowanzotakura zviitiko 20-30 kana kuti kupfuura zvikuru mupimo unorumbidzwa we12-15. Zvirango zvakaoma zvinoderedza nguva iyo vashandi vanogona kupedza nemhuri, kukanganisa kuita zvisarudzo, uye kuwedzera kunetseka. Kuchinja kwevashandi veCPS kunogona kusvika 3040% gore negore mune dzimwe nyika, zvichitungamirira kukurasikirwa nounyanzvi uye kusagadzikana kwemhuri. Nyika dzakaedza kupinza mari muhomwe, kukanganwira, uye kuva notarisiro yakavandudzika, asi chinetso chacho chinopfuurira.

Kusiyana Kwemadzinza Nemadzinza

Nhengo dzinoratidzira nguva dzose kuti vana veBlack nevokuMaIndia okuAmerica vanonyanyopiwa mugadziriro dzegarikano yavana. Ivo vane bviro huru yokushumwa, kunzverwa, uye kubviswa mumisha yavo, uye sezvingabvira zvishomanene kugamuchira mabasa anochengetedza mhuri dzavo. Uku kupesana kunoratidzira kusaruramisira kukuru, kubatanidza urombo, urudzi, uye fungidziro mukushuma nokuita zvisarudzo. Hurumende dziri mudzvinyiriro inowedzera yokushandisa gadziriro dzokuderedza zvisakafanira, zvakadai serovedzo yefungira mano akaipa, wirirano yenzanga, uye mabasa anogamuchira tsika.

Zvinodikanwa Zvemhuri Zvakaoma Kunzwisisa

Mhuri zhinji dzinobatanidzwa murwisano yegarikano yavana nenhau dzakawanda, dzinotanga: zvirwere zvemishonga, chirwere chendangariro, masimba masimba avakwanyina, kusagadzikana kwedzimba, uye urombo hukuru. Zvinetso izvi zvinowanzoda nguva refu, mabasa akabatanidzwa ayo garikano yavana yoga isingagoni kugovera. Denda reOpioid rakawedzera zvikuru nhamba yavana vari kupinda mukurera nemhaka yokushandiswa kwechinhu chavabereki, kudzvinyirira gadziriro dzakanga dzatoremerwa. Kushanda negadziriro dzoutano noutano hwetsika kunodzorwa kunotambudza zvikuru asi kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kudzorwa nokuwana nokuganhurirwa kwemari.

Kuongorora Kworuzhinji uye Kuchengeteka Mumutemo

Apo mwana anofa kana kuti anokuvadzwa zvakakomba apo anenge achitarisirwa nedhipatimendi rehurumende regarikano yavana, sangano rinotarisana nokunzverwa kukuru kwavose nematare anobvira. Kunyorwa kwenhau kunogona kupesvedzera muitiro nomuitiro, pane dzimwe nguva kuchitungamirira kukururamisa kwakaipa zvikuru kana kuti muitiro wokuzvidzivirira. Kudzikamisa dikanwo yokudzivirira vana nepo vachiremekedza kodzero dzemhuri inyanduko yenguva dzose. Madhipati ehurumende anofanira kunzvera apo anochengeta ngwariro pamiitiro yakavakirwa paufakazi.

Basa Rezvikoro Nenzanga Mukutsigira Chipatara Chavana

Zvikoro zvinoiswa munzvimbo yechienzi kuva vakwanyina mugarikano yavana. Vadzidzisi, vapi vezano, uye vatungamiriri vanobatira pamwe navana kwamaawa zuva rimwe nerimwe uye vanogona kucherekedza chinjo mumufambiro, chitarisiko chomuviri, kana kuti mugariro wemirangariro zvingaratidzira kusabatwa zvakanaka. Mitemo yakarongerwa inoda kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vanzwe kunyumwira kwokubatwa zvisina kufanira kana kuti kuregeredzwa, uye hurumende zhinji dzinopa rovedzo pamusoro penzira rokuziva nayo zviratidzo zvakadai sekuvadziko isina kutsa, utsanana, kana kuti chinjo dzenguva pfupi mukushanda kwechikoro. Zvikoro zvinogona kugovera mhoteredzo inoterama, inotsigirwa nokuda kwevana vari mutarisiro yokurera. Mutemo weFrederal zvino unoda kuti rovedzo tarisiro yokuonana uye kuvimbisa kuti vana varambe vari mutarisiro yavo yapamberi yapakuvamba kutofariro yavo. Madhipati ehurumende echikoro kazhinji anoshanda nezvikoro nokudzorongedzerwa kwezvikoro nokuda kwezvirongwa zvechikoro.

Masangano enzanga anoitawo basa rinokosha. Masangano akavakirwa pakutenda, makirabhu epwere, zvikwata zvemitambo, uye masangano enharaunda anogona kubatira sezvinhu zvinodzivirira nokuda kwevana kupfurikidza nokugovera tarisiro, kupiwa mazano, uye pfungwa yokuva vamwe. Zvirongwa zvokudzivirira zvinodzidzisa vanhu pamusoro pokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwevana, zvinosimudzira kuva mubereki akanaka, uye kuderedza kuzviparadzanisa munzanga zvinogona kuderedza kudikanwa kwokupindira kwehurumende. Masangano akawanda ehurumende zvinova nebatira pamwe yokudzivirira vana munzanga, kutsigira mapurogiramu edzidzo avabereki uye nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa nemhuri. Kubudirira kweidzidziri kunotsamira pakubatana kwakasimba pakati pedhipatimendi renyika nenzvimbo inochengeterwa mari.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nokuzvivandudza Muugarika Hwevana

Madhipatimendi ehurumende ari kuwedzera unyanzvi hwokuvandudza miuyo. Nyika dzakawanda dzakashandisa gadziriro dzazvino uno dzokutarisira nhau, dzinonzi Comprehensive Child Welfare Information Systems (CWIS), achitsiva gadziriro dzekare dzeSACWIS. Iyi miitiro inobvumira kunzvera zviri nani, zvokungwarira kwemotokari, uye kugoverana zvinobudirira zvikuru. Ungwaru hwezvirongwa uye kufanoziva kuti zvinhu zviri kushandira zviripo zviri kushandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo kuti zvione mhuri dziri mungozi huru nokuda kwokushayiswa kwezvinoitika uye kudzorwa kwemipimo. Zvisinei, aya maturungiri anosimudzira itiro dzetsika pamusoro peshataro nemhikate, uye masangano anofanira kupfuurira. Telefita yakawedzera kusvika kumabasa outano endangariro nokuda kwokurera vana uye mhuri dzavo, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzokutarisira nokubatsira.

Kuyera Mugumisiro Nokuzvidavirira

Hurumende yeyamuro yehurumende inozvidavirira kupfurikidza nemhatsa yemiitiro. Hurumende inoitisa Child and Family Service Review (CFSR) makore mashomanene ari ose kuyera kushanda kwehurumende imwe neimwe pakotsekano, nhevedzano, uye miuyo yakanaka. Masangano anofanirawo kuwirirana nezvinodikanwa zveRestation neFster Carely Analy System (AFCARS) uye National Child Abuse and Battle Data System (NCANDS), izvo zvinogovera mipimo yenyika yorudzi. Zvikarowawa zvizhinji zvine mitumbi yanotarisira, zvakadai sehwirudzurudzo yerufu yavana, uye matare ezvokuronga kuvandudza, kuti zvionekwe nokuvandudza. Vatambi vanoparadzirwa vanorambawo vakachinja zvinhu zvinodzorwa munyika dzakawanda, mashandiro anodzorwa, kubetsera nokutarisira, kuwedzera kudzokorodza, kupfuudzira kudzokorodza kukura, kupfuudzira kukura kukura, kupfuudze kupfuudze kupfuure, kupfuudze kupfuudzo, kupfuudzo dzinotetetetetete

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Mugarikano Yavana Muhurumende

Mugariro wegarikano yavana uri kuparira. Kune kuzivikanwa kunowedzera kuti mutoo wegamuchidzanwa(whaupect, driven, uye adversarial(haiwa uye kazhinji kazhinji unokuvadza. Nhungamiro dzenguva yemberi dzinobatanidza:

  • [ Gadziriro-dzinomira: Kukwidza upfumi kutsigira mhuri kusabatwa zvakanaka kusati kwaitika, kupfurikidza nokushanyira musha yose, tsigiro dzemari, uye mabasa enzanga.
  • Kuderedza kusiyana kwedzinza: Kushandisa gadziriro dzakadai sokubvisa kwoupofu, rovedzo yefungira mano akaipa, uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswa nenzanga kugarikano yavana yegamuchidzanwa izvo zvinochengeta vana vakachengeteka pasina kuvabvisa.
  • Muitiro weKin-wokutanga nemhuri pakati:[[FL:1] Kuisa nzvimbo yokutanga nehama dzokunyama, kutsigira vatarisiri veukama hwehama, uye kubatanidza mibatanidzwa yemhuri yakawedzera mukuita zvisarudzo.
  • Trauma-izwi, kurapa pakati: Kurangarira kuti kurukurirano yose navana nemhuri dzinotapurwa nekuvadziko uye dzinosimudzira kusimba nokunaya.
  • [ Kuisa mari yebasa: Kuvandudza mitero, mipimo yemitero yemitoro, tarisiro, uye tsigiro nokuda kwavashandi vegarikano yavana kuderedza bhadharo nokuvandudza miuyo.
  • Kubatanidza: kubatanidza mashoko egarikano yavana nedzidzo, utano, uye mashoko ouhwana kuti zvinzwisise nokubatira vana zviri nani.

Zvikarakadzo zvemitemo zvakadai seFamily First Prevention Services Act (yakasiirwa mumutemo muna 2018) inomirira chinjo kukudzivirira kupfurikidza nokubvumira nyika dzehurumende kushandisa mari yehurumende nokuda kwemabasa akavakirwa paufakazi ayo anochengeta vana vakachengeteka nemhuri dzavo. Kushandisa kuchiri kupfuurira, uye hurumende dziri kushanda kuwedzera zvirongwa zvadzo zvokudzivirira. Nharidzano huru ndeyokuita gadziriro yokuchengetedza vana iyo isiri dziviriro yekurumidziro bedzi asi gadziriro inotsigirwa zvikuru inobetsera mhuri dzose kubudirira.

mhedziso

Madhipatimendi ehurumende egarikano yavana nedziviriro ndiwo masangano anokosha ane mutoro unorema wokudzivirira chiverengero chavagari vemo chinotapurika. Basa rawo rinovambira panjodzi yapakarepo yokunzvera kukuvadziko yenhambo refu yokuita kuti mwana ari wose ave nemusha wakakotsekana, wechigarire. Nepo anotarisana nedenho dzinokosha(kuganhurirwa kwebasa, kuperevedza kwemhuri, kudikanwa kwemhuri, uye kunzvera kwapachena kwavazhinji. Kunzwisisa ukuru nenzvimbo yavo yebasa kunobvumira nyanzvi, vagadziri vemiitiro, uye vagari vezuva riri rose kutsigira aya masangano anokosha. Kudzivirira kwavana hakusi basa rehurumende bedzi; ndiko kuzvipira kwechibvumirano kwechikwata chavanhu, masangano anokosha, uye kusimbisa kufambirwa kwenzanga, uye kupfuurira kubetsera kubetserana.