Chiremera Chezvamatongerwe Enyika Chii uye Nei Chichikosha?

Chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika chinoumba anenge rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwazvino uno. Chinosarudza anogona kuparira mitero yepevy, anogona kuzivisa hondo, anogona kudzora mabhizimisi, uye anogona kuganhurira rusununguko rwomunhu oga. Pasina chimiro chakati chechiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika, nzanga dzingaparapatika kutsinhiranisa chiito chakabatana, kupedza gakava, kana kuti kugovera zvinhu zvavose zvakadai segadziriro nedzidzo. Bva mubvunzo wokuti ndiani achaita mitemo uye nei vamwe vachigamuchira mitemo iyoyo unoramba uri mumwe wenhau dzinokwikwidzanwa zvikurusa muuzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika nomuitiro.

Chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika hachisiwo hacho simba. Simba mano okumanikidza vamwe kuita munzira dzakati, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nesimba kana kuti tyisidziro. Chiremera, mukupesana. Chiremera chinoreva maruramiro okutonga kuti vanodzorwa vanoziva sechapamutemo. Mukuru mukuru wemapurisa anotungamirira motokari ane chiremera nemhaka yokuti vatyairi vanobvuma kuti mukuru mukuru ane kodzero yokuita kudaro.

Nyaya ino inoongorora hwaro hwechiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika, zvimiro zvacho zvakasiana - siana, migariro umo icho chinogamuchirwa kana kuti kurambwa, uye revo dzacho dzinoshanda nokuda kwokudzora norusununguko rwomunhu oga.

Chimiro Chechiremera Chezvamatongerwe Enyika

Chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika chinonongedzera kumaruramiro apamutemo okuita zvisarudzo, kugadza mitemo, uye kugombedzerwa kuwirirana mukati menharaunda yakarondedzerwa yenzvimbo kana kuti nzanga. kwakasiana nepesvedzerowo zvayo kana kuti kunyengetedza nemhaka yokuti kune mutoro. Apo munhu ane chiremera anopa murairo.

Mavara Makuru Echiremera Chezvamatongerwe Enyika

Zvinhu zvitatu zvinowirirana zvinorondedzera chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika: kuva pamutemo, kumanikidza, uye kubvuma.

  • .Legitagi: Iyi ndiyo fandesheni yechiremera. Kutonga kuripo apo vanodzorwa vanodavira kuti avo vane simba vane maruramiro okutonga. Uku kudavira kunogona kubva mugamuchidzanwa, mutemo, dzidziso yorudzidziso, kana kuti murangariro wokuti vatongi vanoita mufariro yavose. Pasina pamutemo, mirairo inosangana nepanikiro, kushora, kana kuti kupandukira kwakananga.
  • Corion: Kunyange chiremera chapamutemo chinoda miitiro yokuita kuti zvinhu zvitevedzerwe. Mitemo inofanira kuva nemigumisiro nokuda kwaavo vanoiputsa. Hurumende inova nekodzero yokushandisa simba kwapamutemo mundima yayo. Uku kubatira pamwe kunodzivisa kutonga uye kunopa vimbiso yokuti vamwe vachawiriranawo. Zvisinei, kunyanyotsamira pakumanikidzirwa kunogona kushatisa mutemo.
  • Shoodoka: Mugadziriro dzedemokrase, chiremera chinowana munenge murutivi kubvumirano yavadzorwi. Vagari vanobvuma kusungwa nemitemo nemhaka yokuti vane inzwi mukusarudza vagadziri vemitemo uye vanogona kuvaita kuti vazvidavirire kupfurikidza nesarudzo. Bvuma zvinoparira ukama hunofadza: vagari vemo vanoteerera mutemo, uye Hurumende inodzivirira maruramiro avo nefariro.

Kudzikama pakati pavo kunochinja - chinja masangano ezvematongerwe enyika akasiyana - siyana nenhambo dzenhau.

Manyuko Echiremera Chezvamatongerwe Enyika

Chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika hachingoerekani chakabva mumanyuko chaiwo ayo anopa vatongi maruramiro okuraira navagari vemo chikonzero chokuteerera. Vanzveri vezvamatongerwe enyika vakaziva manyuko makuru matatu, akatanga kurongwa nenyanzvi yamagariro avanhu Max Weber: chiremera chegamuchidzanwa, chiremera chesimba resimba resimba, uye chiremera chapamutemo.

Chiremera Chegamuchidzanwa

Chiremera chamagamuchidzanwa chiri patsika dzakatangwa, miitiro, uye mugariro wakagarwa nhaka. Vatongi vanoshandisa chiremera nemhaka yokuti vane nzvimbo iyo nguva dzose yakava nesimba, uye mitezo yenzanga inogamuchira iyi gadziriro seyomuzvarirwo neyakafanira. madzimambo anopa chiremera chegamuchidzanwa: mambo kana kuti mambokadzi anotonga kupfurikidza noudangwe, uye vadzorwi vanoteerera nemhaka yokuremekedza magamuchidzanwa akarefu.

Chiremera chamagamuchidzanwa chinopa chengeteko nokupfuurira. Inhimbe dzakavakwa pachinjo yegamuchidzanwa zvishoma nezvishoma, idzo dzinogona kuva betsero munzanga dzinodeya kuonwa nokurongeka. Zvisinei, chiremera chegamuchidzanwa chinogonawo kuisa kusaenzana kwetsika ndokudzivisa chinjo dziri madikanwa. Vatungamiriri vachagara nhaka simba vangashaiwa kukwanisa kana kuti kuzvidavirira, uye vagari vemo vanodenha ngozi yechiremera yegamuchidzanwa inorondedzerwa savadzorwi kana kuti vapanduki.

Mune zvamatongerwe enyika zvenguva imwe cheteyo, chiremera chegamuchidzanwa chinopfuurira muhurumende dzemitemo dzakadai seUnited Kingdom neJapan, umo mambo anobatira somusoro wokufananidzira wehurumende apo akasarudzwa navakuru vakuru vane simba chairoiro rokutonga.

Chiremera Chine Simba

Vanhu vanoratidza kuona kunoshamisa, ushingi, kana kuti kupwiswa mutsika vanogona kukurudzira kuvimbika kukuru nokuzvipira pakati pavateveri. vatungamiriri vevadikani vanowanzobuda munguva dzenjodzi, apo masangano aripo anenge asingachavimbwa uye vanhu vachitsvaka kuchinja.

Mienzaniso yechiremera chesimba resimba rinoita simba inobatanidza vaporofita vorudzidziso, vatungamiriri vechinjo, uye vavambi venzanga vakadai saMahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., uye Nelson Mandela vakashandisa chiremera chesimba resimba resimba resimba kuti vaunganidze masangano avanhu uye kudenha zvivako zvesimba zvakadzika midzi. chiremera chavo chakawanwa kwete kubva munzvimbo dzavo dzehurumende asi kubva mumano avo okubudisa chiono chinogombedzera uye kukurudzira vamwe kuita chiito.

Chiremera chokupa chiremera hachina kutsiga. Chinotsamira pakuvapo kunopfuurira kwomutungamiriri nokubudirira. Apo mutungamiriri anofa, anorega basa, kana kuti anorasikirwa nokuvimbika, chiremera chinowanzopera kutoti chachinjirwa kugadziriro yesangano. Muitiro uyu, uyo Weber akadana kuti "routinging of charma," unoshandura chiremera chinokwezva kuva chiremera chegamuchidzanwa kana kuti chekugadza pamutemo. Somuenzaniso, chechi yechiKristu yapakuvamba yakaita chiremera chine simba rinopa simba raJesu navaapostora vake kuva sangano remiitiro yechechi yakagadzwa nedzidziso nemiitiro.

Chiremera Chomutemo

Chiremera chomutemo chinobva mugadziriro yemitemo isiri yomunhu, miitiro, uye mitemo yehurumende. Simba rinoshandiswa mukuwirirana nemirau yakabatanidzwa panzvimbo pechishuvo chomunhu oga kana kuti mugariro wakagarwa nhaka. Avo vane chiremera vanoita kudaro nemhaka yokuti vari munzvimbo inorondedzerwa pamutemo, uye chiremera chavo chinoganhurirwa nemitemo inodzora nzvimbo iyoyo.

Nyika dzazvino uno dzinoratidzira chiremera chomutemo. Vakuru vakuru, vatongi, uye vashandi vehurumende vanoregeredzwa vanowana chiremera chavo mubumbiro remitemo, mirau, uye mirau yehurumende. Vagari vanoteerera mitemo kwete nemhaka yokuti ivo pachavo vanoziva kana kuti kuyemura vaiti vemitemo asi nemhaka yokuti mitemo yakaitwa kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakagadzwa ndokushanda zvakaenzana kuna vose.

Zviremera zvechiremera chomutongo zvinosanganisira kudeya kufanotemwa, kusasarura, uye kuzvidavirira. Mitemo inozivikanwa pachine nguva mberi, inoshandiswa nguva dzose, uye inodenha kupfurikidza nemiitiro yapamutemo. Masangano ezvokutonga anogona kushanda zvakanaka nemhaka yokuti zvisarudzo zvinotevera miitiro inotevedzerwa panzvimbo poukama hwomunhu oga.

Zvisinei, chiremera chomutemo chine utera. MaBureaucracy anogona kuva akaoma, anononoka, uye asingakendengi kumigariro yomunhu oga. Ngwariro paruramiso yetsika ingavhara kusaruramisira kwapachivande. Uye apo gadziriro dzapamutemo dzinorasikirwa neruramisiro yadzo inorangarirwa kana kuti kubatwa nefariro chaidzo, chiremera chokuronga pamutemo chinoparadzwa.

Mavambo Okuva Apamutemo

Kururama ibhiriji rinokosha pakati pesimba nechiremera. Mutongi angava nesimba rokumanikidza, asi pasina pamutemo, simba iroro rinongova simbawo zvaro.vazivi vezvamatongerwe enyika vakapa nhauro dzinokwikwidzana dzechinoita kuti chiremera chive chapamutemo.

Dzidziso Dzenzanga

Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, uye Jean - Jacques Rousseau vanobvuma kuti chiremera chapamutemo chinovapo nemhaka yokubvuma kwavadzorwi.

Hobbes, achinyora mumumvuri weHondo yavagari vemo yeEngland, akataura kuti upenyu husina chiremera i "hondo yavose vanorwisana navose." Kupukunyuka mugariro uyu womuzvarirwo, vanhu vanobvumirana kupa maruramiro avo kumukuru anochengeta rugare nechengeteko. Nokuda kwaHobbes, chinenge chiremera chipi nechipi chiri nani kupfuura chinenge chisina, naizvozvo simba romubati rinodokuva rakakwana.

Locke akapa chiono chakaganhurirwa zvikuru. Iye akasimbisira kuti vanhu vane maruramiro omuzvarirwo oupenyu, rusununguko, uye zvinhu. Vanobvumira hurumende zvikurukuru kudzivirira idzi maruramiro, uye chiremera chapamutemo bedzi apo chinoremekedza miganhu iyoyo. kana hurumende ichiputsa maruramiro omuzvarirwo, vagari vemo vanoruramiswa mukuadzivisa kana kuti kuatsiva.

Rousseau akasimbisa kuzviisa pasi kwavose. Chiremera chapamutemo chinobva ku "chido chokuda" chavanhu, chinotaurwa kupfurikidza nokutora rutivi chakananga mukugadzira murairo. Nokuda kwaRousseau, chiremera chinofanira kuratidzira zvakanaka zvakarovedzeka panzvimbo pefariro dzeboka rinotonga.

Kupiwa Mutemo Wetsika

Rondedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika yapanguva ino inowanzonangidzira ngwariro papamutemo. Mukuwirirana nouyu murangariro, chiremera chine maruramiro apo chinoshandiswa kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakanaka neinojeka. Vagari vangasabvumirana nemiuyo chaiyo asi vaigamuchire nemhaka yokuti muitiro wakavaita wakanga wakarurama.

Kutendeseka kwetsika kunoda sarudzo dzapachena nedzakarurama, muitiro unodikanwa mumatare, kujeka mukuita zvisarudzo zvehurumende, uye mikana yokutora rutivi. Apo iyi migariro inosvitswa, vagari vemo vane chikonzero chokuteerera kunyange apo vanorasikirwa mumuitiro wezvematongerwe enyika.

Kupiwa Kwomutemo Kwakavakirwa Pabasa

Vamwe vanodavira kuti kuva pamutemo kunotsamira parutivi pakuita.

Kururama kunotsigirwa nebasa hakukuvadzi. Apo migariro yemari inoderera kana kuti mabasa oruzhinji anokundikana, chiremera chinovakwa pamusoro pokushanda chinoputsika nokukurumidza. Uku kusashanda kunotsanangura chikonzero nei hurumende dzinodzvinyirira kazhinji kazhinji dzichiwa kamwe kamwe apo njodzi dzinoratidzira kusakwanisa kwadzo kugovera.

Zvinetso Kuchiremera Chezvamatongerwe Enyika

Huru hwezvematongerwo enyika hahuna kutongova hwakakwana kana kuti hwechigarire hunotarisana nedenho dzenguva dzose dzinobva kuvanhu vamwe navamwe, mapoka, uye masangano enzanga ayo anopanikira kuva kwawo apamutemo kana kuti kudzivisa zvinodikanwa zvahwo.

Kusateerera Kwehurumende

Vatungamiriri vokusateerera mutemo vanokumbira chiremera chetsika chakakwirira, vachitaura kuti mitemo isina kururama haikodzeri kuteerera.

Kusateerera kwavagari vemo kunopa denho yakasiana kuchiremera.Hachirambi chose chose pfungwa yechiremera asi chinotaura kuti kushandiswa chaiko kwechiremera hakusi kwapamutemo.

Kumukira Nokupandukira

Vapanduki vanotsvaka kwete chete kuchinja mitemo kana kuti vatungamiriri asi kutsiva mitemo inokosha inodzorwa nenzanga.

Kuchinja kwenhau, kubatanidza kumukira kweAmerica, France, Russia, uye China, rumwe norumwe rwakabatanidza kuwa kwegadziriro yechiremera iripo nokuvakwa kwetsva.

Nyanzvi Yezvokufamba

Vatungamiriri vehurumende vanoramba chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika munheyo, ivo vanotaura kuti chiremera chose chechiremera hachibvumirwi nemhaka yokuti chinotsamira pakumanikidzira uye chinoramba utongi hwomunhu oga.vazivi vezvechiHindu vanokarakadza zvimiro zvenzanga zvakavakirwa pasonganiro yokuzvidira, hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, uye yamuro yomumwe nomumwe.

Nepo kudzora kusingawanzoshandiswa pamwero mukuru, pfungwa dzokupandukira dzinopesvedzera masangano enzanga azvino uno, masangano akadzikama, uye kuedza kudzora kwakananga.

Zvirongwa Zvenguva Ino

Simba rechiremera chezvematongerwe enyika rinoshanda muzviitiko zvakawanda zvepanguva iyoyo, kubvira paukama hwenyika yose kusvika pakudzora kwemakombiyuta.

Misangano Yamarudzi Ose

Masangano enyika dzakawanda akadai seUnited Nations, World Trade Organization, uye International Criminal Court ane chiremera pasina hurumende yenyika yose.

Nyika dzine simba dzinogona kufuratira kutonga kwenyika dzakawanda, uye kuva pamutemo kwamasangano amarudzi ose kunowanzoshorwa namasangano ezvourudzi navatsoropodzi avo vanotaura kuti vanosekesa uchangamire hworudzi.

Zvigadzirwa Zvemagetsi Nechiremera Chemunhu Woga

Makambani ezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu akadai saGoogle, Meta, naX (aichimbova Twitter) anoshandisa chiremera chakakura pahurukuro yavose. Anogadza mitemo pamusoro pezvinenge zviri mukati zvinobvumirwa, ndiani anogona kutaura, uye kuti mashoko anofamba sei. Chiremera ichi chapachivande chinomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro poukombi, kuzvidavirira, uye miganhu pakati poudzori hwevoruzhinji nohwemunhu oga.

Kusiyana nechiremera chehurumende, chiremera chavanhu hachina kuzvidavirira kwehurumende. Vashandisi vane mano akaganhurirwa okupesvedzera mitemo yeplatifomu, uye zvisarudzo pamusoro pezvinenge zviri mukati zvinogona kuratidzika kuva zvisina mufungo kana kuti zvisina kusarura. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kuraira kujeka kukuru, muitiro wakafanira, uye kudzorwa kwedhimoni kwamadhigineti.

Kutsigira Kunoitwa Nehurumende Yakaipa

Munyika dzakawanda, masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ari kudzvinyirirwa nevatungamiriri vanonetesa kutendeseka kwevakasarudzwa, kuzvimirira kwokutonga, uye kubudisa rusununguko.

Vatungamiriri vanopinda mukudzokera kudzongonyedzwa kwehurumende yehurumende vanowanzovimba nechiremera chesimba kuti vachengete tsigiro. Vanozvipa vamene savadziviriri vavanhu mukurwisana navakuru vakuru vakashata, kunyange sezvo vanopa ngwariro nesimba ndokunetesa chiremera chavo. Rubudiriro rweiyi nzira runotsamira pakuti vagari vemo vanopfuurira kurangarira chiremera chomutungamiriri sechapamutemo here.

Kuedza Kudzora Norusununguko

Mamiriro ezvinhu namanyuko echiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika ane revo huru nokuda kwokudzorwa kunoitwa nzanga uye nzira iyo rusununguko rwomunhu oga runodzivirirwa nayo.

Kurongeka Kwenzanga Nokugadzikana

Chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika chinokosha mukuchengeta nhevedzano yenzanga. Pasina chiremera, nzanga dzinopinda munyongano, umo rwisano dzinopedzwa kupfurikidza namasimba masimba panzvimbo pomutemo. chiremera chapamutemo chinogovera gadziriro nokuda kwegadziro yenharo dzorugare, kuita zvisarudzo zvakabatana, uye kuronga kwenguva refu.

Zvisinei, nhevedzano inotengwa pamutengo worusununguko haichinjiki.

Munhu Mumwe Nomumwe Ane Kodzero Uye Anosunungurwa

Chiremera chinoganhurira rusununguko kupfurikidza nokuisa mitemo inodzorwa nokuteerera.

Mubvunzo mukuru ndewokuti ndepapi pokuisa miganhu yechiremera.

Kutora Rutivi Rwezvematongerwe Enyika Nokuzvidavirira

Kubatanidzwa mukuita mavhota, kumhanyira nzvimbo, kukumbanira masangano ezvematongerwe enyika kana kuti mapoka ezvipfuro, kunyunyuta, uye kufungisisa pachena kunoitwa nevanhu kunotorawo mamwe marudzi akawanda.

Kusarudza ndicho chishandiso chinonyanya kuzivikanwa chokuzvidavirira muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu, asi kunowedzerwa nenzvero yokutonga, mitumbi yokutarisira yakazvimirira, zvinobudisa nhau zvakasununguka, uye masangano enzanga.

Apo kutora rutivi nokuzvidavirira zvinokundikana, chiremera chinobviswa muvadzorwi.Vagari vanonzwa vasina simba, uye tsika yechiremera inorasikirwa pamutemo. Uku kubvisa kunonyandura kukurumidza, kunyanyisa, uye kuraira chinjo huru.

mhedziso

Chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika hachisati chiri chinhu chakachinjika, chinotora zvimiro zvakasiyana - siyana munzanga dzakasiyana - siyana, chinova pamanyuko akasiana - siana oune maruramiro, uye chinotarisana nezvinetso zvenguva dzose zvinobva kuavo vanochidzivisa kana kuti vanochiramba.

Mubvunzo wokuti ndiani anosvika pakuita mitemo haugoni kupindurwa kamwe chete kana kupera. Inhau yokuti chizvarwa chiri chose chinofanira kubvunza ndokupindurazve, sezvo masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anochinja, sezvo ruzivo rutsva rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runochinja, uye sezvo vagari vemo vanokudziridza kariro itsva dzaavo vanoshandisa simba. Utano hwegadziriro ipi neipi yezvamatongerwe enyika hunotsamira pakukwanisa kwahwo kutsigira chiremera chapamutemo apo chinoramba chichigamuchira zvinodikanwa zvinochinja nemipimo yavanhu vainodzora.

Kunzvera kwakadzama kweidzi misoro, ona [[FLT:] ... statford Encyclopedia yesvomhrofisi pamisengwa yezvamatongerwe enyika, basa reWeber's pachiremera mu [FLT:] [FLT]] neSosaiti [[FLT:] [FLT]], uye kugadziridzwa kwedemocracy yokuchinja kwapanguva ino kubva kumasangano akadai se [[FLT]] Freedom House [[[FLT]]] [FLT]] ne[FLT:]] DD]