Kodzero Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika Chii?

Kodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika ikodzero dzepamutemo dzinogonesa vagari vomunyika kutora rutivi mukudzora kwenyika yavo. Dzinoumba chisakiso chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vanomirira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, dzichivimbisa kuti vanhu vane inzwi muchisarudzo chinoumba nzanga dzavo norudzi. Dzinosimbiswa mubumbiro remitemo, sungano dzamarudzi ose, uye mitemo yedzimba, kodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinobatanidza kodzero dzokuvhota, kumira nokuda kwerusarudzo, kubatana kana kuti kukumbanira masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, kuungana norugare, uye kubudisa pachena pfungwa dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Chiziviso chenyika yose chekodzero dzavanhu (Article 21) chinobvuma kuti munhu wose ane kodzero yokutora rutivi muhurumende yenyika yake, zvakananga kana kuti kupfurikidza nevamiririri vakasarudzwa norusununguko. Mukuita, kodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinochinja vanhu vanoshanda vanopinda mumasangano anoshanda, vatungamiriri vanotonga, uye vanotsigira.

Kukura kwamaruramiro ezvematongerwe enyika kunosiana mumativi ose enyika. Mudzimwe nyika, idzi maruramiro anovimbiswa akafara; mune dzimwe, angaganhurirwa pakavakirwa paugari hwemo, zera, mano endangariro, kana kuti kutenderwa kwoutsotsi. Kunzwisisa hwaro hwapamutemo hwamaruramiro ezvamatongerwe enyika kunokosha nokuda kwokuashandisa nenzira inobudirira. Somuenzaniso, Simba reMitemo yeMitemo yeU. yeChibvumirano cheChiprikitizimu cheFom yeU. inodzivirira kutaura kwakasununguka, gungano, uye chikumbiro, nepo kuva vagari vemo vemo vemo vezana vehurumende yeChineizimu, 19, yechi 24 uye kupfuudzo dzechi 26 dzakakudzwa nenzira inokura nhevedzano maruramiro okuvhotera maruramiro ezvamatongerwe enyika (ICPCPCR) inosungiratis maruramiro marudzi okuremekedza maruramiro avanhu ose okuremekedza nokuvimbisa kodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika munyika yavo. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kwedu mumagwaro aya, vagarikidzwa zviri nani uye kupfurikidza nokuwedzera rusununguko rwavo.

Kukosha Kwekodzero Dzematongerwe Enyika

Kodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika hadzisi hadzo tsika dzinongoitwa; ndidzo nzira idzo hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoshandisa. Apo vagari vemo vanogona kuvhota, kutaura norusununguko, uye kuva nenzvimbo, hurumende inoratidzira kuda kwavanhu uye inoramba ichigamuchira zvinodikanwa zvavo. Ukoshi hwekodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika hunogona kuongororwa kupfurikidza nemabasa makuru anoverengeka:

Simba Nearhendi

Kodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinopa vanhu simba rokupesvedzera zvisarudzo zvinotapura upenyu hwavo, kubva kumitemo yokugadzika nyika kusvikira kugadziriro youtano. Uku kupiwa simba kunosimudzira pfungwa yomutoro wehurumende uye kunokurudzira kutora rutivi kwakafara munhau dzavanhu. Pasina maruramiro ezvamatongerwe enyika, mapoka anoganhurirwa angabviswa mukuita zvisarudzo, kupfuudzira kusaenzana. Kurwisana kwenhau. Kwakadai sesangano ravakadzi, sangano rekodzero dzavagari vemo, uye kurwira kuratidzwa kwevagari vemo.

Kumirira Nokunzwisisa

Kodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinovimbisa kuti mirangariro yakasiana - siana mukati menzanga inoratidzirwa muhurumende. Kana chikamu chiduku bedzi chavagari vemo chinogona kuvhota kana kuti kuva nenzvimbo, mitemo inokombamira kukuda boka iroro, kufuratira zvinodikanwa zvavamwe. Dzinobatanidza maruramiro ezvamatongerwe enyika dzinotungamirira kumiuyo inowirirana zvikuru, sezvo vaiti vemitemo vanofanira kurangarira fariro dzevavhoti vezvose. Somuenzaniso, nyika dzine mwero yakakwirira zvikuru yekutora rutivi kwezvamatongerwe enyika kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzine mambure echengeteko akasimba zvikuru enzanga nedziviriro dzakasimba zvikuru nokuda kwamaruramiro mashoma.

Kuzvidavirira Nokuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Sarudzo dzenguva dzose, kutaura kwakasununguka, uye kodzero yokukumbira zvinobvumira vagari vemo kuzvidavirira kuvamiririri vavo. Vakuru vakuru vanozivikanwa avo vanoziva kuti vanogona kuvhoterwa kana kuti kutsoropodzwa pachena vane bviro huru yokuita mufariro yavose. Kodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinotsigirawo zvinyorwa zvemagazini zvinotarira uye kutarisira nzanga, izvo zvinofumura uori nokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwekodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Kuderera kwekodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika mumativi akawanda enyika kwakabatanidzwa nokuwedzera kwehurumende, uko vatungamiriri vanodzvinyirira nokunetendisa kuzvidavirira.

Kudzivirirwa Kwemimwe Rusununguko

Kodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzakabatanidzwa nerusununguko rwavanhu rwakadai sorusununguko rwokutaura, kuungana, uye kubudisa nhau.

Kodzero Huru Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika Dzinotsanangurwa

Kodzero Yokutamba

Kodzero yokuvhota ndiyo honzeri yokutora rutivi rwezvamatongerwe enyika. Kubvumira vagari vemo kusarudza vamiriri vanoita mitemo nokugovera pfuma. Kugonesawo kugonesa mibato yedemokrase yakananga, yakadai senhepfenyuro nedzokunyoresa, uko vagari vemo vanogona kutendera kana kuti kuramba miitiro yakati. Zvisinei, kuvapo kwekodzero hakunei. Zvipingamupinyi zvakadai sezvinodikanwa zvevhoti, kuvhotera kwakaganhurirwa, kubvisa miganhu, uye kunyoresa kunoganhurirwa kunogona kudzosa, zvikurukuru pakati pevaduku, mari inogamuchirwa, uye vaduku. Sa . .[FOLT] . .[FOLD] Zvinodable Union Union Union [FFOLD: 1] zvinodzivirira kuti mutevedzero mukuru mukuru wehurumende idzo, uye kutsigira kugona kuvhovera kwamarudzi ose okumwe.

Kodzero Yokumhanya Nokuda Kwehofisi

Ichi maruramiro chinoita kuti vanhu vakwanise kutsvaka nzvimbo yavose pamwero womunzvimbomo, wenyika, kana kuti worudzi. Inovimbisa kuti vatungamiriri vanoratidzira mhatsa yechiverengero chavagari vemo uye kuti vagari vemo vane zvisarudzo zvine revo pabhokisi rebhorati. Zvipingamupinyi zvokuva vakatendeseka (zvakadai semitengo yakakwirira yemari, kusaina, kana kuti ganhuriro yokuwana ganhuriro ganhuriro ganhuriro . Mumibato yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vose, chinjo dzakadai senhimberi yemari namari inofambiswa nomukoto unodzo wakarongwa kutangwa kuderedza kutamba. Somuenzaniso, FEdalformation formation Transformation Com] muUnited States shongedzero yemari yokudzivisa pesvedzero isina kufanira kupfumba.

Kodzero Yokutaura Norusununguko

Kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika kuri pakati pekurukurirano yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kodzero yokutaura kwakasununguka inobvumira vagari vemo kutsoropodza miitiro yehurumende, kutsigira chinjo, uye kugoverana mashoko pasina rutyo rwokutsiva. Ikoku kunobatanidza mano okuramba, kubudisa nyaya, kutanga unyanzvi hwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kupinda muhurukuro yepaIndaneti. Zvisinei, kutaura norusununguko hakuna kugumira; kunogona kuva kwakaganhurirwa muzvinoitika zvokunyandurwa kumasimba masimba, kuzvidza, kana kuti ruvengo. Kudzikamisa pakati pokudzivirira kutaura kwakasununguka nokuchengeta nhevedzano yavose idenho inopfuurira. Muzera remitengo yezvokunzvera zvinhu zvemagariro avanhu uye hurumende zvakawedzera, zvichiita kuti vagari vemo vanzwisise dziviriro mumitemo inodzora kutaura kwavo.

Kodzero Yokuungana Nokushamwaridzana Kune Rugare

Kodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinobatanidzawo mano okuunganidza navamwe kukurukura nhau, kuumba mabato ezvamatongerwe enyika, kana kuti kukumbanira mapoka ezviwaniro. Kodzero yokuungana kune rugare yave ichidenha mukuchaira chinjo yenzanga nezvamatongerwe enyika, kubva pakufora kwokukurumidza kuenda kutsutsutsumwa kweArab Spring. Nenzira yakafanana, maruramiro okubatanidza anobvumira vagari vemo kuumba mibatanidzwa yavashandi, masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, manzwi eboka rimwe nerimwe. Hurumende dzimwe nguva dzinoisa zvinodikanwa kana kuti kungwarira pamagungano, dzichimutsa funga pamusoro pekuderera kwemitemo yomunzvimbomo nemipimo yamarudzi akawanda. Nenzira yakafanana neiyo yakarongwa mu [[FLT:] Greventernate pakodzero dzechipulmhiko nedzenyika dzechipokanhoshopuko.[FLT]]

Kodzero Yokukumbira Hurumende

Iyi inowanzotariswa maruramiro inobvumira vanhu kana kuti mapoka kukumbira chiito chapamutemo kuhurumende yavo. Zvikumbiro zvinogona kukurukura zvichemo, kukarakadza mitemo mitsva, kana kuti kuraira zvikanganiso. Munyika zhinji, mikumbiro inopiwa nechiverengero chakakwana chezvisaini zvinonyandura kunzwa kana kuti mhinduro dzapamutemo. Zvikuva zvamadhigirii zvakamutsidzira urwu maruramiro, kuchigonesa vagari vemo kuita zvikumbiro zvepaIndaneti zvinogona kuva nesimba. Somuenzaniso, hurumende yeU.S. “Isu vanhu” tinobvumira munhu upi noupi kuti aite chikumbiro ichocho, kana asvika pachikumbaridzo, anogamuchira mhinduro yepamutemo kubva kuWhite House.

Kushandisa Kwaungaita Kodzero Dzako Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kuziva kodzero dzako inhano yokutanga; kuvimbisana kunokosha.Hedzi nzira dzinoshanda dzokushandisa nadzo kodzero dzako dzezvematongerwe enyika zvinobudirira:

  • Anonyoresa ku Vote: Nzvera mamiriro ako okunyoresa pamberi pemisi yesarudzo. MuUnited States, Vate.org inogovera mashoko ehurumende kupfurikidza nehurumende yokunyoresa. Nyika zhinji dzinobvumira kunyoresa paIndaneti; kana dzisati, shanyira hofisi yesarudzo yomunzvimbomo mumunhu.
  • Partipate muMisarudzo Yose: Sarudzo huru, yavose, uye yomunzvimbomo. Gore negore kana kuti pronisiti kazhinji kazhinji inoita sarudzo dzakaderera asi dzinogona kuva netapuro yakaderera paminamato yakadai sezvikoro, mapurisa, uye kurongedzerwa.
  • Kutaurirana muKukurukurirana kwezvamatongerwe enyika: Kugoverana mirangariro yako nemhuri, shamwari, uye vashandi biyako, asi teererawo mifungo inopesana. Kurukurirano inovaka inosimbisa democracy uye inoderedza paradzano.
  • Masangano eCovic Organization: Mapoka akafanana neChinzwano chaVakadzi, NAACP, kana kuti masangano omunzvimbomo okurera vanhu zvinopa rovedzo, zvishandiso, uye mabanza okubatanidzwa mudzidzo inovhota, kuwana motokari, uye nhimbe.
  • Kuonana navamiriri Vako: Kudana, email, kana kuti nyorera vakuru vakuru vako vakasarudzwa kuti vataure nzvimbo yako pamitemo inomirira. Vazhinjisa vane vashandi vakatsaurirwa kukurukurirano dzinobatanidzwa. kupinda horo dzetaundi namatare avose ndiyo imwe nzira ine simba yokuita kuti inzwi rako rinzwiwe.
  • Kurangarira Kumhanyisa nokuda kweHofisi: Kana une zivo huru yenhau yenzanga kana kuti chishuvo chokubatira, kunzvera mahofisi omunzvimbomo seboka rechikoro, dare reguta, kana kuti dare reruwa. Mamishinari mazhinji ane mhinganidzo dzakaderera dzokupinda ndokugovera rovedzo nokuda kwavada kufunda vomunguva yokutanga.
  • Vholunter seMushandi wePoll or Evolution Observer: Kuratidzira perero yesarudzo kunoda vagari vemo kubetsera kunzvera nzvimbo nenhevedzo nokuda kwemisiano. Rovedzo inowanzogoverwa nezviremera zvesarudzo zvomunzvimbomo.

Denho Kukodzero Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika

Pasinei zvapo nevimbiso dzapamutemo, maruramiro ezvamatongerwe enyika anotarisana netyisidziro dzinopfuurira dzinogona kusekesa kutora rutivi kwehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Kudzvinyirirwa Nekuodzwa Mwoyo Kukuru

Kudzvinyirira kwevoter kunobatanidza nzira dzakarongedzerwa noune kuderedza muvhoti pakati pamapoka akati. Mienzaniso inobatanidza mitemo yeID yepic yakaoma, kubvisa vavhoti vakanyoreswa mumarobhu, kuderedza mahwindo okuvhota, kuvhara nzvimbo dzokuvhotera munharaunda duku, uye kubvisa miraudzo inoderedza miganhu inodzo inokanganisa zvikuru nzanga dzemavara. Brennan Center yeMutongi [, matanho akadaro akawedzera mumakore achangobva kupfuura, zvikurukuru pashure pokunge dare radzikamisa mirayiridzo inokosha iyo inonetesa mipimo mikuru yeKodzero. Vagarigari vachagara vanozivikanwa pamusoro pemitemo inokarakadzwa muhurumende yavo uye vanotsigira kukongedzerwa kwemiwa kwavo, zvakadai sokuvhotera kuvhota nokuvhota uye kunyora tsamba.

Uori Nemari Mumatongerwe Enyika

Apo mari inopesvedzera zvisina kufanira sarudzo, nheyo yekodzero dzakaenzana dzezvamatongerwe enyika inoiswa pasi. Vapi vemitemo navavakidzani vanogona kuumba muitiro kupfurikidza nemipiro yenhimbe nokukurudzira, vachiita kuti vamiririri vabvume zvikuru kuvatsigiri vemari kupfuura vavhoti veavhareji. Nepo mitemo yemari yehurumende ichiedza kuganhurira iyi pesvedzero, pembedzo nezvisarudzo zveDare gurusa (zvikurusa, Citazens United) yakabvumira kushambadzwa kusingaganhurirwi namapoka okunzevei. Vagari vanogona kutsigira chinjo sepurogiramu duku dzinowirirana, zvinodikanwa zvokujeka, uye kugadziridza pamutemo kuti kujekesa kuti mari haisati iri kutaura.

Kusazivisa uye Kusaziva

Kupararira kwamashoko enhema kana kuti anotsausa kunogona kukanganisa kurukurirano yavose uye kudzora vavhoti. Vatambi vokunze, mapoka ezvirongwa zvemhindumupindu zvemhuri, uye kunyange nhimbe dzezvamatongerwe enyika zvakagadzira zvombo zvinoparadzira zvinobudisa nhau kuti zviparadzire zvinopesana nokudzvinyirira. Diformation inowanzoisa vanhu vakananga munhema pamusoro pemiitiro yokuvhota, zvigadziko zvechibharo, kana kuti kuvimbika. Dzidzo yokurava nokunyora nokunyora nokutsigira masangano anoongorora zvinhu zvakavanzika. Mukuwedzera, zvikuva zvinofanira kudzikamisa miitiro inoderedza urongwa hwezvosengwaro hwezvamatongerwe enyika hwenhema nepo nepokuremekedza kutaura kwapachena.

Ganhuriro Pakutaura Nokuita Magungano

Hurumende dzingaita mitemo inoganhurira ratidziro yezvamatongerwe enyika munyengedzo yenhevedzano yavose, chengeteko yenyika, kana kuti kurwisa kutaura kworuvengo. Zviganhuriro zvakadaro zvinogona kuva zvisina kujeka kana kuti kupesana kwapamutemo kunotyisa. Kuramba kworugare kwakasangana nesimba rakanyanyisa kana kuti kungwarira, uye vatori venhau vanofukidza misoro inotapurwa nenhamo kana kuti kusungwa. Mitezo yamarudzi ose inowanzodana hurumende kuva nechokwadi chokuti ganhuriro dzipi nedzipi nedzipi parusununguko rwokutaura dziri madikanwa, dzinowirirana, uye dzinorondedzerwa zvakajeka nomutemo. Vagari vemo vanogona kunzvera izvi miitiro kupfurikidza namasangano akadai se

Kuparadzana Kwokutonga Nebumbiro Remitemo

Kodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinotsamira pamatare akazvimirira anogona kuita kuti pamutemo uteeredzerwe. Apo dare rinotonga rinoitwa risingadzorwi kana kuti rinoneteswa, kuputswa kwamaruramiro ezvamatongerwe enyika kungasadzorwa. Kudenha kuzvimirira kwokutonga kwakadai sokurongedza, kubviswa kwavatongi, kana kuti kubviswa kweyamuro yapamutemo yapamutemo. Vagari vemo vanofanira kutsigira zvisarudzo zvedare uye kutsigira kutsigira kukuru kwemitemo inoganhurirwa kana kuti kuoma kuisa mhaka kupfurikidza nokuputsa kodzero dzavanhu.

Nguva Yemberi Yamaruramiro Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Magariro ekodzero dzezvematongerwe enyika anoramba achichinja. Ruzivo rwemichina inopa mikana nengozi. Muvhooti weInternet, vhotera ramagetsi, uye zvikuva zvemasangano zvehurumende zvinogona kuwedzera kubatanidzwa, asi zvinomutsawo kunetseka pamusoro pokuva nekombiyuta, magirabhu, kukamukana, uye kuchinjwa kwemashoko. Kukwira kwenjere dzenjere dzenjeresi uye mashoko anoparadzirwa nemavhairasi anokanganisa zvikuru magariro emashoko. Kuwedzera, gakava pamusoro pekodzero dzokuvhotera vanhu nezvinyorwa zveutsotsi, vagari vepambundi vematsotsi, 16-gore ne17 vanoramba vachiumba miganhu yokubatanidzwa mune zvematongerwe enyika.

Munyika yose, kombamiro kudzokera shure kwehurumende inosarudzwa nehurumende yeruzhinji (panosarudzwa vatungamiriri pashoma napashoma vanokweva nzvero nedzikamo zvinoparira tyisidziro yakakomba. Mukuwirirana ne House yeFreedom [[, nyika zhinji dzakatambura kuderera mukodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika nerusununguko rwavanhu mumakumi maviri amakore apfuura. Kupindura kuiyi denho inoda kubatanidzwa kwenzanga kwakapfuuridzirwa, kubatana kwemitezo itsva namaturusi zvokudzivirira masangano edemocracy. Masangano a Grasroot, akadai seayo eruramisiro yenhau nerevokugara norudzi, ari kuwedzerawo rondedzero yekodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika kuti zvibatanidzwe kubatanidzwa mhoteredzo yenzanga neyamagariro.

mhedziso

Kodzero dzezvamatongerwe enyika ndiyo fandesheni apo nzanga dzehurumende dzinovakwa. Dzinopa simba vagari vemo kuti vaumbe hurumende yavo, vachengete vatungamiriri, uye vadzivirire rusununguko rwavo. Zvisinei, idzi maruramiro haangodzivirirwi nechokwake; dzinoda nzwisiso yokushingaira, kungwarira nguva dzose, uye nhamburiko yamaune kusimbisa. Kupfurikidza nokuvhota, kuramba vakaziva, kutora rutivi muhurukuro yavose, uye kutsigira masangano anodzivisa kudzvinyirirwa nokubviswa kwemashoko, mugari wemo ari wose anogona kubetsera kuhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vane utano hwakanaka. Nguva yemberi yezvamatongerwe enyika inotsamira pazviito zvatinoita nhasi, uye kupfuudzira kuwanikwa kwezvizvarwa zvinouya.