Sarudzo dzapakati penhambo dzinoitika pakati penhambo yapamberi pegore ina uye rutivi runokosha rwegadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica. Dzinopesvedzera dzikamo yesimba muCongress uye dzinogona kutapura mano apurezidhendi okushandisa miitiro. Nokuda kwavaAmerica vazhinji, nguva dzapakati dzinomirira mukana wakakomba kuumba nhungamiro yenyika pakati pesarudzo yapurezidhendi. Iyi nhungamiro inogovera kupeta kupfupikisa kukuru nokuda kwavatangi kunzwisisa mativi makuru esarudzo pakati penhambo, kubatanidza nhau yavo, vagadziri, uye revo.

Chii Chiri Kusarudzwa Pakati Penguva?

Sarudzo dzemicter isarudzo dzehurumende, dzehurumende, uye dzomunzvimbomo dzinoitwa muUnited States makore maviri ari ose, zvikurukuru mumakore anotova nenhamba dzakati pakati pesarudzo youpurezidhendi. Nemhaka yokuti dzinoitika panenge pakati penhambo yapurezidhendi yegore mana, dzinonzi “midterm". Sarudzo dzakatanhamara zvikurusa mukati meiyi nhambo ndedzeU.S. House of Advessistrations (zvigaro zvose 435) uye sechikamu chimwe chezvikamu zvitatu zveU. Dare (zvikurukuru 33 kana kuti 34). Mukuwedzera, nyika dzakawanda dzinobata sarudzo yapamutemo, mijaho yehurumende, uye zvirongwa zvemitemo mukati mamakore apakati.

Kusafanana nezvisarudzo zvapurezidhendi, zvinoraira kuona kukuru uye muvhoti, sarudzo dzapakati penhambo dzinowanzogamuchira ngwariro shoma kubva kuzvinobudisa nhau nevoruzhinji. Zvisinei, miuyo yazvo inogona kuchinja zvikuru mugariro wezvamatongerwe enyika. Kuchinja kudzora kweCongress kunogona kubetsera kana kuti kudzivisa purogiramu dzemitemo dzapurezidhendi, kupesvedzera kusimbisa, uye kuchinja murairo wenzvimbo huru dzemiitiro yakadai serechirwere, mutero, uye chengeteko yenyika.

Kusarudza Kunoitika Kakawanda Sei?

Sarudzo dzemicter dzakaitika makore maviri ari ose chifo chokuvambwa kweRepublic. Bumbiro reMitemo reU.U.S. pakutanga rakagadza zvisarudzo zvamakore maviri nokuda kwemitezo yeI yeI (Article I, Chikamu 2) uye mashoko amakore matanhatu eSenators (Article I, Chikamu 3). Mitemo yedare inokatyamadzwa inovimbisa kuti chikamu bedzi cheDare ndicho chokutsiva pakati penhambo ipi neipi yakapiwa. Iyi purogiramu yakanga yakaitirwa kugovera kutsigadzikano mukamuri rapamusoro apo inochengeta Imba yakabatana zvikuru nomurangariro wavose.

Sarudzo yokutanga yapakati penhambo yakaitwa muna 1790, gore rimwe chete pashure pokunge Bumbiro reMitemo ratanga kushanda, uye dzakaitwa panhambo inowirirana yamakore maviri chifo chenguva iyeyo. Nokufamba kwenguva, muitiro wacho wakavapo, zvikurukuru nokugamuchirwa kwePendement yechi 17 muna 1913, uko kwakabvisa sarudzo kubva kuvagari vehurumende kuti varuramise vhoti yakakurumbira.

Chii Chiri Pakusarudzwa Pakati Penguva?

Njodzi dzesarudzo dzapakati penhambo dzakakura. Pamwero wehurumende, mubairo wapedyo zvikurusa udzorwa neDare reU.S. Batani rine voruzhinji muImba neDare rinosarudza zvirongwa zvemitemo, zvigaro zvedare, uye mano okupfuudza kana kuti kuvhara zvikarakadzo zvapurezidhendi. Hurumende yakakamukana. (hwuno mumwe mubato unodzora nzvimbo imwe kana kuti zvimwe zvidzori zvose zviri zviviri zveCongress .)

Maseat Emba Ese 435

Mutezo uri wose weHouse of Declaimers unoshandisa shoko ramakore maviri, kureva kuti kamuri rose rinoitirwa kusarudzwa makore maviri ari ose. Nemhaka yeichi chisarudzo chapakati penhambo dzose senhevedzo yenyika yose pamusoro pebasa rapurezidhendi. Munhau, boka rapurezidhendi rinokombamira kurasikirwa neavhareji yezvigaro zveImba 26 mukati mesarudzo dzenguva, kunyange zvazvo nhamba chaiyoiyo ichisiyana zvikuru zvichitsamira pamigariro yemari, zvisakafanira, uye zvinoitika zvikuru.

Tsamba Imwe Yedare

Vatongi vanobatira mashoko amakore matanhatu, uye Bumbiro reMitemo rinokamuranisa Dare kuva mapoka matatu, rimwe nerimwe rinosarudzwa munhambo yakasiana yemakore maviri. Mupakati pegore ripi neripi, kirasi yeSamende yakazosarudzwa mugore rapamberi pesarudzo yapurezidhendi (makore matanhatu pamberi apa) inouya nokuda kwokusarudzwazve. Nemhaka yetsika inohesvedzereka, Dare rinovakwa zvikuru kubva pakuchinja kwechimbichimbichimbi mumurangariro wavose. Zvisinei, jambwa reSarudzo rinogona kubvisa zvigaro zvinoverengeka zveDare, zvikurukuru kana boka rapurezidhendi rikatakura nhamba yakakura yezvigaro mukirasi yakapiwa.

Hurumende Nemahofisi Omunzvimbomo

Sarudzo dzemisi yepakati dzinobatanidzawo makwikwi nokuda kwezvirongwa zvehurumende, masangano ehurumende, magweta mukuru, vanyori vehurumende, uye nzvimbo dzakawanda dzomunzvimbomo dzakadai sameya, mabhodhi ezvikoro, uye vakuru vakuru veruwa. Aya marudzi anowanzofukidzwa nenhimbe dzehurumende, asi ane tapuro yakananga paupenyu hwevagari vemo hwezuva nezuva. Gavhuna vanodzora bhajeti, majerekita, uye .[1] Munyika dzakawanda . Hurumende dzinonyora mitemo padzidzo, zvokufambisa, uye kurapa. Vakuru vakuru vakuru vemo vanodzora vanodzora zvivako zvezuva nezuva.

Mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura, sarudzo dzapakati penhambo dzakavawo nzvimbo inorwiwa nokuda kwenhau dzinopisa dzechikwata dzakadai sekodzero dzokubvisa pamuviri, mbanje kunyoreswa pamutemo, wedzero yemari shomanene, uye kuvhota. Somuenzaniso, muna 2022, vavhoti munyika dzinoverengeka vakarangarira zvitadzo zvine chokuita nokubvisa mimba pashure peDare Rapamusoro-soro rakatendeuka. Wade v.

Kusarudza Nguva Inokosha Kunoshanda Sei?

Vanamakanika vesarudzo yapakati penhambo vanotevera miitiro mikuru imwe cheteyo seimwe neimwe sarudzo yeU.S. nyika dzakagadza mitemo yadzo dzimene pamusoro pokunyoresa, kuvhota kwapakuvamba, uye maposita, asi gadziriro yehurumende inonyanyodzorwa inoramba iri yechigarire. Heino kuputsika kwenhano kwemaitiro acho.

Zvisarudzo Zvikuru

Hurumende zhinjisa dzinoita sarudzo huru mugore rapakati penhambo yegore. Munerimo guru, vavhoti mukati mebato rimwe nerimwe vanosarudza mubatanidzwa wavo nokuda kwehofisi imwe neimwe. Vavhoti vanogona kuvhurwa (munhu avhota anogona kutora rutivi), kuvhara (mitezo yebato bedzi), kana kuti yakazaruka kaviri. Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa macoucuses panzvimbo pePrimtary, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisinganyanyi kuzivikanwa nhasi. Vawani vevavamiriri vePrim panguva iyeyo vanogona kukwikwikwidza muvhota yavose, iyo inochengetwa paChipiri chokutanga pashure poMuvhuro wokutanga muna November.

Musarudzo yavose, vavhoti vanokanda mavhoti nokuda kwomuvhoti mumwe pahofisi. Muhurumende zhinjisa, mudaviri ane vhoti zhinjisa anohwina(a sisitemu inozivikanwa souzhinji kana kuti kutanga kupfuvura. Zvisinei, dzimwe nyika dzinoda voruzhinji (vanopfuura 50%) uye dzinoita sarudzo dzinodzima kana pasina mutezo unosvika pamukova iwoyo. Louisiana neGeorgia mienzaniso inocherekedzwa nokuda kwemahofisi akati.

Mipimo Yokuvheneka

Sarudzo dzemitemo dzinotambura muvhota wakaderera zvikuru mukuwirirana nezvisarudzo zvapamberi pedare. Mujaho rapresidenti ra202020, rakasvika painenge 66% yavavhoti vakakodzera, vakakwirira zvikurusa muzana ramakore. Nenzira inopesana, kusarudzwa kwa 2018 pakati penhambo yakavhurwa inenge 50%, iyo yakanga yakakwirira zvikuru nokuda kwenhambo yapakati penhambo asi yakanga ichiri pasi zvikuru pemwero yapurezidhendi. 2022 pakati penhambo yevhiki yakanga yakapoteredza 46%.

Vavhoti vakaderera vanogona kuva nemigumisiro. Vakweguru, vachena, uye vakadzidza zvikuru vanokombamira kuvhota pamwero wakakwirira zvikuru pakati pamakore, nepo vavhoti vaduku namapoka maduku vanotora vasingatapurwi vanotora rutivi kazhinji kazhinji. Uku mukaha unopa betsero kubato rine mavambo anobatanidzwa zvikuru mumakore asati ari enguva dzose. Kazhinji kazhinji kacho vasayendisiti vezvamatongerwe enyika vakacherekedza kuti vavhoti vepakati pemitengo inova yakanyanyisa zvikuru kupfuura vavhotera vasarutsi, avo vanogona kukudza kudzorwa kwenzvimbo yehurumende muCongress.

Kuronga Nokushandisa Mari

Nhimbe dzenhambo nenhambo dzakakomba, dzinodhura, uye dzinopesvedzerwa zvikuru nemiitiro yenyika. MaCandidate, mapati, uye mapoka okunze anopedzera mabhiriyoni amadhora pakushambadzira, tsamba dzakananga, uye kubuda kwemitemo. Munhambo ya2022, kupedzerwa kwemarudzi ehurumende kwakapfuura mabhiriyoni $16.7 , kuchiiiiita nguva yapakati inodhura zvikurusa munhau.

Mapurezidhendi anokamuranisa zvinhu anowanzobatira setsvimbo yemheni: kana purezidhendi asingafarirwi, vanoda kukwikwidza veboka rapurezidhendi vangazviendesa vamene, nepo vapikisi vachisunga vashori vavo kuna purezidhendi.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvinopesvedzera Kusarudza Pakati Penguva

Kunzwisisa izvi kunogona kubatsira vavhoti nevaongorori kufanotaura migumisiro yacho uye kutsanangura mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika.

Kureverwa Kunoitwa Mutungamiriri Wehurumende

Somuenzaniso, muna 2010, mukurumbira wapurezidhendi Barack Obama wetendero wakaitwa pakati penguva ndewekubvumira kwapurezidhendi. Kana purezidhendi akasafarirwa, vavhoti vanowanzoshandisa nguva yacho senzira yokuratidza kusagutsikana, zvichitungamirira kukurasikirwa kwebato rapurezidhendi. Somuenzaniso, muna 2010, mutungamiriri wehurumende Barack Obama, kubvumira kwapurezidhendi Barack Oma kwakavapo mu 45%, uye Democrates akarasikirwa nezvigaro 63 (kurasikirwa kukuru pakati penguva kubvira muna 1938).

Zvemari

Migariro yezvemari inoita rutivi rukuru. Urovha hukuru, kukwira kwemitengo, kana kuti kuderera kwemari kazhinji kazhinji zvinokuvadza boka musimba. Voters vanokombamira kupomera purezidhendi nebato ravo nokuda kwenhamo yemari, kunyange kana zvisakiso zvacho zviri zvakaoma kana kuti zvakabva muzvinhu zvenyika yose. Sarudzo yepakati penhambo dzapakati penhambo, somuenzaniso, yakaumbwa zvikuru nokukwira kwemitengo neitiro hanya pamusoro pendyiko yokurarama, uko kwakaparira kurasikirwa kushoma kweDmocratic pasinei zvapo nokushanda kuri nani kwechikariro mumamwe marudzi.

Zviitiko Zvikuru Zverudzi

Zviitiko zvinokosha − zvakadai sehondo, kudenha kwamagandanga, ngwavaira dzomusikirwo, kana kuti zvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusorosoro zvinogona kuchinja mugariro wezvamatongerwe enyika. Sarudzo ya2006 yapakati penhambo, yakaitwa mukati meHondo yeIraq, yakaona Democrates ichiwana zvigaro 31 zvedzimba ndokutanga kudzora Congress. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, 2022 pakati penguva yakapesvedzerwa nechisarudzo cheDare Gurusa rePurem Dobs v. Jackson’s Health Organization, iyo yakadzosa dziviriro yedate. Chisarudzo ichocho chakasimba cheDhemocratic Revotion ndokudzivisa funguro huru yeRepublican Republic.

Kubatsira Kwokukosha Nokuderedza Magariro

Vari muImba kazhinji kazhinji vane betsero yakasimba nemhaka yokuziva zita, kutsigira mano okuwana, uye mabasa akatangwa. Zvisinei, kunyorwazve kwemitsetse yoruwa yemasangano pashure pokuverengwa kumwe nokumwe. $961 inochinja zvikuru nzvimbo inosarudzwa. Pakati pamakore anotevera kuverengwa kwavanhu (g., 2022 pashure pokuverengwa kwevanhu kwa2020), maruwa akawanda anokweviwazve, pane dzimwe nguva kudzivirira mumiganhu kana kuti kuita zvigaro zvemakwikwi. Gerrydering, kudzorwa kwemiganhu yeruwa nokuda kwemhindu yeRGBGB, kunogona kuderedza chiverengero chezvigaro zvemakwikwi uye kudzivirira mumijambwa yorudzi.

Kuchinja Kwenhau Nekusarudza Kunocherechedzwa

Kudzidza nezvenguva yakasarudzwa kunoratidza kuti zvinhu zvakanga zvachinja uye zvaiita kuti zvinyatsooneka.

“ Itsch yeGore Rechitanhatu”

Masayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika akacherekedza kuti boka rapurezidhendi rinodokuva rinorasikirwa nezvigaro nguva dzose pakati penhambo yeshoko rechipiri rapurezidhendi. Ichi chinoitika, chinonzi “gore rechitanhatu,” chakaitika muna 1958 (Eisenhower), 1974 (Nixon/Frand), 1986 (Reagan), 1998 (Clinton) apo Democrates akawana zvigaro mukati mesimba remari uye kudzokorodza magetsi), 2006 (Georgiae W. Bush), uye 2018 (Trump). Pakati pa1998 pakanga pane muenzaniso apo boka rapurezidhendi rakawana zvigaro, nemhaka yokudzokorodza kudzokera kuRepublican-palban.

Zvisarudzo zveMafungu zvinopesana neMamiriro Ezvinhu Quo

Mimwe mikana inoita kusarudza kukuru uko mumwe mubato anowana zvigaro zvakawanda. Mienzaniso inobatanidza 1994 (Republicas dzakawana zvigaro 54 zveimba ndokutora voruzhinji kwenguva yokutanga mumakore 40), 2010 (63-scuate divits) uye 2018 (Demarats dzakawana zvigaro 41 zvokutorazve Home). Mamwe mamiteru aiguma nenhambo dzine mwero, dzakadai se2014 (Republicans akawana zvigaro 9 asi zvigaro 13 zvedzimba) kana kuti 2022 (Republican Imba yakawana voruzhinji nemhindu yezvigaro 9).

Basa Rezvibvumirano ZvaPurezidhendi (kana Kuti Kushaikwa Kwacho)

Mapurezidhendi anowanzova ne “macotals” musarudzo yavo yokutanga, vachibetsera kuderedza vadaviri venhabvu. Asi panosvika nguva yapakati pemabharasi anopotenuka, macotail anowanzonyangarika. Boka rapurezidhendi rinowanzorasikirwa nezvigaro nemhaka yokuti vavhoti vaishandira purezidhendi musarudzo yapfuura havasundirwi kuvhota makore maviri gare gare. Ikoku pane dzimwe nguva kunonzi “chirango chenguva.”

Chikonzero Nei Kusarudza Pakati Pezvisarudzo Kuchikosha Kuvagari Vomunyika

Nokuda kwaavo vatsva kuzvamatongerwe enyika, sarudzo dzapakati penhambo dzinogona kuratidzika kuva dzinokosha zvishoma kupfuura makwikwi apurezidhendi. Zvomenemene, kazhinji kazhinji imo umo zvisarudzo zvemiuyo zvinovapo.Congress inonyora mitemo, vatongi vanosimbisa, uye vanodzora bhajeti yehurumende. Hurumende dzinosarudza pamusoro pemari yedzidzo, wedzero youtano, uye mitemo yokuvhota. Mahofisi omunzvimbomo anotapura kuronga nzvimbo, mapurisa, uye zvikoro.

Nemhaka yokuti vavhoti venhambo dzapakati nenhambo vakaderera, vane pesvedzero isingaenzaniswi pavari. Muvhoti akazvitsaurira pakati pegore anogona kuva netapuro huru zvikuru kupfuura mukati mesarudzo yapurezidhendi apo mamwe mamiriyoni anowedzera.Icho ndicho chikonzero nei mapoka okuvhota, mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye zvinobudisa nhau zvichisimbisa nenzira inowedzera ukoshi hwokuvhota musarudzo pakati penhambo dzapakati penhambo.

Nzira Yokutora Nayo Rutivi Pazvisarudzo Zvikuru

Kubatanidzwa muchisarudzo chapakati penguva kwakananga asi kunoda kuronga. Heano matanho makuru:

  • Anonyoresa kuvhota. Nzvera miganhu yevhota rehurumende yako. Nyika zhinji dzinobvumira kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero, asi dzimwe dzinoda vhiki dzokunyoresa pachine nguva mberi. Vavote.gov
  • vapangi nenhau. Tarira kupfuura mapepa ebato. Verenga nzvimbo dzavada kubhapatidzwa, pinda horo dzetaundi, uye bvunza manyuko asingatsamiri se Ballotedia [[ nokuda kwemashoko pabhorati yako.
  • [ Zivai zvisarudzo zvenyu zvokuvhota. Nyika zhinji dzinopa kuvhota kwapakuvamba muvhota, mapepa etsamba, kana kuti kuvhota kwapanosipo. Sarudza mutoo unoshanda zvakanakisisa kwauri ndokutevera miraidzo nokungwarira.
  • Ita gadziriro yokuvhota. Isa chiyeuchidzo nokuda kweZuva Rokusarudza. Tsika dzakazaruka kuvambira mangwanani kusvikira madekwana, asi mitsetse inogona kuva refu, zvikurukuru mumadekwana. Rangarira kuvhota nokukurumidza kudzivisa kumira.

Mafungiro Anowanzotaurwa Asi Akanaka Pamusoro Pezvisarudzo Zvenguva

Kufungidzira kwakawanda pamusoro pesarudzo pakati penhambo yenhambo kunogona kuvhiringidza vavhoti vokutanga.

Myth: Sarudzo dzeMidters bedzi yeChibvumirano. Kunyange zvazvo madzinza ehurumende achidzora misoro mikuru, hurumende nemadzinza omunzvimbomo zvine tapuro huru paupenyu hwezuva riri rose. Somuenzaniso, magavhuna anodzora bhajeti yemari nemhinduro dzekurumidziro, nepo vatongi vehurumende vanosarudza kodzero dzokubvisa pamuviri, mitemo yepfuti, uye mipimo yedzidzo. Sarudzo dzezvikoro zvekoshi dzinosarudza zvirongwa uye zvokushandisa.

[[FLT: 0] Mhiko: Kuvhota kwako hakuna basa nemhaka yokudzorwa. Maruwa anogona kuita kuti mamwe maruwa arege kukwikwidzana, asi madzinza akawanda eDzimba achiri anokwikwidzwa zvikuru. Uyezve, madzinza ehurumende eDare, gavhuna, uye nhano dzevatambi dzisadzorwa kurumbidzika. Mumakwikwikwi, vhoti imwe inogona kuderedza chiyero munhangemuva pedyo.

[[FLT: 0] Myth: miuyo yasarudzo yeMidterm haisati ichitapura simba rapurezidhendi. Irori inhema. Kuvakwa kweCongress kunotapura zvakananga izvo purezidhendi anogona kuita. Congress inodzorwa nebato rinoshora inogona kumisa mutemo, kutanga kunzvera, uye kuramba kusimbisa. Purezidhendi ane congress ane ushamwari anogona kupfuudza zvikwereti zvikuru, sezvinoonekwa mumakore maviri okutanga okutarisira Biden apo Democrates anodzora makamu ari maviri.

Nguva Yemberi Yokusarudza Pakati Penhambo

Sarudzo dzenguva dzose dzinopfuurira kushanduka. Chinjo muruzivo rwemibato, mari, uye mitemo yokuvhota zvichaumba mativi ari kuuya. Kukwira kwezvinobudisa nhau kwakakuita kuti zvive nyore zvikuru kuva vanokwikwidza kukwidza mipiro miduku yemadhirobhurokuro ndokusvika vavhoti zvakananga, asi kwakawedzerawo kupararira kwemashoko asina kururama. Chiverengero chezvigaro zvemakwikwikwi chingaderera sechivhozhotera chegerrymeringing uye kuvhota kuzviita vamene munzanga dzine mitezo yemavaraneti. Panguva imwe cheteyo, nhamburiko dzokuwedzera kusvika kwokuvhotera (kungofanana nokuvhotera kusingashandisiwi, kusatenderwa kwetsamba, uye kuvhotera kwokutanga kungachinja uye kuita kuti kuve kwechiuto kuveredzero yogadziro yogadziro yogaro yogaro yomukati.

Kunzwisisa sarudzo pakati penhambo kunokosha nokuda kwomugari upi noupi akavimbisa. Hachisati chichingovawo hacho chinoitika chechipiri pakati pamadzinza apurezidhendi; iwo muitiro unokosha wokuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vazvidavirire ndokuumba kutungamirira kwenyika. Kupfurikidza nokutora rutivi, vavhoti vanogona kupesvedzera miitiro inotapura upenyu hwavo kwamakore anouya.