Mukurwisana nokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwavana nokubatwa zvisina kufanira, masangano anodzika midzi mumitemo anofamba pakati penzvero inodenha nedziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo. Gadziriro yeChina kuUnited States Constitution, pamwe chete neyayo yehurumende, inoda kuti kunzvera nokusunga kuve kune mufungo (kokuisa muteshi mumugariro wakawanda), uye uko kunoreva kuwana pamutemo. Varwi vanobatira senzvimbo inotsoropodza: vanomanikidza mapurisa kuratidzira chisakiso chinobvira kumukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru pamberi pokupinda mukuvandikano yomunhu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu. Munhau dzokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana, umo ufakazi hwemichina hwavana kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji huri pakati pezvikwapapo navanofungidzirwa kuva vanopomerwa zvisaririra zviri zvakakwirira zvikuru, kunzwisisa zvinodikanwa zvako hakungoriwo zvako kudzidzisa dzidzo yedzidzo yemitemo, mapurisa emitemo, uye munhu upi noupi anoitira hanya nokutarisira ruramisiro neruramisiro yemitemo.

Nyaya ino inogovera kunzverwa kwakajeka kwezvinodikanwa mukushandiswa kwavana zvisina kufanira uye nhau dzokubatwa zvisina kufanira. Tichanzvera nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo, zvinhu zvechiremera chakarurama, fungidziro chakatanhamara kuidzi nzvero dzinotapura mativi akasiana emitemo dzinoumba nzira iyo matare anonzvera nayo muiyi nhau. Kusvikira kumugumo, varavi vanofanira kuva nokunzwisisa kwakakwana kwegadziriro yapamutemo inodzora chimwe chezvishandiso zvinovapo mukurwisa mhaka dzavana.

Kutangwa kweBumbiro reMitemo Revatami

Gadziriro yeChina yeMitemo yeU.S. inopa: maruramiro avanhu okuchengeteka muvanhu vavo, dzimba, mapepa, uye tapuro, mukunzverwa kusina mufungo nepfari, hazvisati zvichizoshatiswa, uye hapana vaWarrant vachapa, asi pachinobvira, achitsigirwa neOath kana kuti bvumirano, uye zvikurukuru achirondedzera nzvimbo inoda kunzverwa, uye vanhu kana kuti zvinhu zvinofanira kubatwa. Mutauro uyu unosimbisa shongwe mbiri dzorumano: kunzvera uye kubatwa kunofanira kuva kune mufungo, uye mipimo inoreva kuva nomutoo mukuru uyo kupfurikidza nounyoro mumusha nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa.

Dare rePamusoro peUnited States ragara richidavira kuti kunzvera kunoitirwa kunze kwomuitiro wedare, pasina mvumo isati yaitwa nomutongi kana kuti majaji, kunongova kusanzwisisa pagore pasi peGavhura rechina (majeri) anodzorwa bedzi bedzi kudzimwe shomanene dzakasimbiswa uye dzakasanoiswa. [FLT][1] KATZ v. United States[FLT] [[FLT]], 389 U.S. 34767].[FLT]

Munhau dzokushandisa vana zvisina kufanira, mativi ebumbiro remitemo akakwirira zvikuru. Fariro dzakavanzika dzavanyumwiri dzingapesana nefariro yehurumende inogombedzera mukudzivirira vana. Matare anofanira kudzikamisa idzi fariro nepo achivimbisa kuti zvibvumikiso hazvipiwi zvakavakirwa pafungidziro kana kuti mashoko akareruka. Fourth Amendment’s windment rock reconstructs (chikonzero chinorema chinoremarirwa nemhiko, tsidzo, uye kubatanidzwa) zvinobatanidzwa apo zvishandiso zvemichina yekombiyuta neIndaneti zvinobatanidzwa.

Zvinodikanwa Zvinokosha Nokuda Kwemugamuchiri Akakodzera

Chisakiso Chinosarudzwa

Chisakiso chinoparirwa ndechimwe chinhu chinokosha zvikurusa chekushandiswa kupi nokupi kwepamutemo. Kunoda kuchengetwa kwomutemo kuti kupe maidi nemigariro izvo zvingatungamirira munhu ane mufungo kudavira kuti ufakazi hwoutsotsi huchawanwa munzvimbo yacho kuti anzverwe kana kuti kuti munhu akati akaita utsotsi. Muzvinoitika zvokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana, chinowanzoparira chinowanzova chinobva mumubato wepaIndaneti: anofungidzirwa kuti akawana zvinhu zvokubata zvisina kufanira mwana muvatano (CSAM), akatora rutivi mumakamuri okukurukura kana kuti mami akatsaunzirwa kuti ashatirwe, kana kuti akazivikanwa neNational Center for Adiction Children (NCMECER) shumo yeCERYTIP.

Dare rapamusoro rakasimbisa kuti chisakiso chinobvira chinofanira kuvakirwa pahwerengedzo yemigariro. Ona [FLT]][FLT]Illinois v. Gates, 462] U.S. 213 [1903]. Munzvero dzevana dzinoshandiswa zvisina kufanira. Munzvero dzevana, matare acharangarira kuvimbika kwamanyuko, kunyorwa kwamashoko, uye kutsarukana kwenguva kwoufakazi. Stale (muenzaniso, ufakazi hwokuti pane kunyumwira CSAM makore maviri apfuura asi haana kupinda mumubato upi noupi wefungidziro wazvino uno uno unosarirwa. / kungasatsigira nenzira inopesana, paIndaneti kana kuti kuedza kubuda mumabasa akavigwa zvakasimba kunogona kuita hwaro hwakasimba.

Maraiti Kana Kuti Kupora (Sworn Affidavit)

Chiratidzo chinofanira kutsigirwa nemhiko kana kuti bvumirano, chitsikiso chakanyorwa chinopiwa chinopiwa chinopiwa kugweta. Mutambo unowanzova mukuru wemapurisa anoona nezvenyaya yacho kana kuti akagamuchira mashoko akavimbika kubva kune vamwe. Affidavit anofanira kubudisa mashoko anotsigira zvikonzero zvinobvira. Haagoni kuvimba chete nemashoko emashoko kana kuti rondedzero anozivikanwa kana kuti fungidziro. Muzviitiko zvokushandisa vana zvisina kufanira, affidavit anowanzobatanidza: rondedzero dzekurukurirano dzepaIP, kero dzinobatanidzwa namabhaidhirowa, mashoko anobva pamasangano eInternet, kubva pamin ndandanda yemishoni yemiitiro dzinozivikanwa.

Kutaura kwenhema kana kuti kunotsausa muaffidavit kunogona kutungamirira kukudzvinyirirwa kwoufakazi pasi pe divisions mupimo. Ona [FLT]] Fitransv. Delare, 438 U.S. 154 [778])]. Kana mupomeri achigona kuratidza kuti musungwa akaita kutaura kwenhema namaune kana kuti kwokusangwarira uko kwakanga kuri madikanwa kuwana chisakiso chakafanira, dare ringachengeta kunzwa uye, kana utsotsi hukabvumikiswa, kudzvinyirira ufakazi hunowanikwa.

Kurondedzera

Chibvumikiso chinofanira kurondedzera zvikuru nzvimbo inoda kutsvakwa, vanhu kana zvinhu zvinobatwa. Ichi chinodikanwa chinodzivisa maruramiro echienzi nechaidzoiwo. Rudzi runotukwa naVavambi se "zvinopfura zvokubetsera". Mumichina yokunzvera zera, zvikurukuru kwakaoma nemhaka yokuti makombiyuta anogona kuva netsananguro hurusa yemashoko, yakawanda yacho haiwirirani neutsotsi hunofungidzirwa. Chibvumikiso chinobvumira kunzvera "mafaira ose" pakombiyuta sezvingabvira chinova norusununguko uye chingava chisina simba.

Matare akakudziridza mipimo nokuda kwemipimo yokunzvera namakombiyuta: murairo unofanira kurondedzera nerevo yakananga ine mufungo marudzi amadata kana kuti mafaira anofanira kubatwa (mutoo., mifananidzo yokushandisa zvisina kufanira kwavana, matanda okutaurirana, ndaza dzemibatanidzwa). Mamwe matare anoda muitiro wenhambwe mbiri: kutanga, kuchengetwa kwomutemo kungatora muchina wose; yechipiri, vanofanira kuwana maruramiro akaparadzana okunzvera mavhiringirwo akati efaira. Kana kuti, rugwaro rwokutanga rungazviratidzira vamene mitemo yokunzvera inoganhurira mapurisa kuti vanzvere mafaira iwayo bedzi sezvinobvira kuva neCSAM.

Vashandisi Vokushandisa Vana Zvisina Kufanira

Uchapupu Hwemakombiyuta uye Kuchengeta Zvinhu Zvemagetsi

Zvirwere zvizhinjisa zvokushandisa vana zvazvino uno zvinobatanidza ufakazi hwemichina: makombiyuta, mafoni, mahwendefa, marekodhi okunze, maakaundi egore, uye maindaneti. Zvibvumikiso zvemichina yemagetsi zvinofanira kutsanangura nzira idzo mashoko anochengetwa, anosvikwa, uye anopfuudzwa. Somuenzaniso, chibvumikiso chokunzvera musha wezvinofungidzirwa nokuda kwemidziyo zvingadawo kubvumira mutemo kutora nokunzvera gare gare gare nhau dzegore idzo midziyo iyoyo ine pokupinda. Madare kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji akadavira kuti chiratidzo chenzvimbo yokuoneka (m.g., imba) inobvumira nenzira idikarirwa kunzvera mabhangipi neapi anowanwa mukati , kubatanidza makombiyuta nefoni, sezvo rugwaro ruchirondedzera zvinhu zvokubatwa. Asi kunzvera kwezvishandirwa kwemaapurejikicha kunofanira kunofanira kuganhuridzwa nechimwe chisa.

Dare rakawanda zvino rinoda kuti zvibvumikiso zvemichina inoshandiswa navana mumhaka dzokushandisa zvisina kufanira zvidzivirirwe pa "kutsvaka kusina mufungo". Vakuru vakuru vangadikanwa kushandisa kunzvera kwamashoko, kuenzanisa napaduku, kana kuti zvimwe midziyo yechakavanzika kuti vawane CSAM pasina kunzvera mafaira asina kufanana (seemail kana kuti zvinyorwa zvezvokurapa). Dzimwe nyika dzakagadza mitemo yakananga inodzora kunzvera kwemitemo yemichina yemagetsi muzvinoitika zvevatano zvavana, kusimbisa dziviriro dzokuwedzera dzakadai sokuda kuchengetwa kwomutemo kuderedza kudzokororwa kwemashoko asiri ezvokurapa.

Nhau Dzakawanda Dzinodzvinyirira

Matsotsi avana anowanzopfuura nyika nemuganhu wenyika. Mune imwe nyika inonyumwirwa angada kubatwa nanyajambwa mune imwe dare, kana kuti CSAM angaiswa pavashandi munyika yokumwe. Muitiro wekurayira ungava wakaoma zvikuru apo ufakazi hunenge huri kunze kwebumbiro redare. muUnited States, Chibvumirano cheFrefencement Ruratimende runoda bedzi kunzvera nokusundira pakati penzvimbo yedare. Nokuti kunze kweredhiyo yemagetsi, mutemo ungada kushandisa chibvumikiso muChibvumirano cheTromeoms (18.S.C. 2701-2712) kana kuti kutsvaka pamutemo chibvumirano chemitengo yapamutemo chemibatanidzwa chemitezo yedare.

Gadziriro Yokushandisa Nokutarisira Kwokutonga

Kukumbira kukumbirwa kwenyaya dzokushandisa vana zvisina kufanira kazhinji kazhinji kwakaoma zvikuru kupfuura utsotsi hwenguva dzose. Magstates navatongi vanorovedzwa kunzvera kumbiriso nokungwarira nemhaka yerevo dzakavanzika dzakakomba nebviro yokudzvinyirira. Vatambudzi vanowanzonzvera maantidavits pamberi pokuzviisa pasi kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vanobatanidza maidi akakwana, kudzivisa kutaura mashoko anodzoresa, uye kuwirirana nemitemo. Magariro mazhinji anoda kupiwa mutemo kuti ugove mutezo unopfuurira kugadzira ``Pitting" mishumo ye "dzosera" inodzosera zvinhu zvakabatwa uye apo kunzvera kwakaurawa.

Munzvero dzakakwirira dzinobatanidza zvipfuro zvakawanda kana kuti mabasa oungwaru anopfuurira, kuchengetwa kwomutemo kungatsvaka "nhevedzano yokufambisa gungwa" uko kunodzivisa murairo kuziviswa kumukwidziridziridzi kwenhambo yakati yenguva. Mirairo yokufambisa gungwa inobetsera kudzivirira perero yenzvero asi inofanira kururamiswa nokuratidzwa kwechinodikanwa uye kwenguva yakaganhurirwa. Nenzira yakafanana, "bhadharirai ziviso" `zvibvumikiso" apo hurumende haisati inokurumidza kuzivisa nhau yacho yepamutemo / pano pano padzimwe nguva inoshandiswa muzvinoitika zvokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana apo ziviso dzapa mungozi yokunzvera kunopfuurira kana kuti vanyajambwa kana kuti zvapupu.

Kuitira Hanya Chaiko Vana Vane Mhaka Dzakashata

Kuderedza Kurwadziwa Nokudzivirira Vanyajambwa

Kunzverwa kwokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwavana kunoda kungwarirwa zvikuru negarikano yavana vanobatwa. Apo kuchengetwa kwomutemo kunoita maruramiro pamusha wenyumwiro, vangasangana nomurongi anofungidzirwa, mimwe mitezo yemhuri, kana kuti vanyajambwa vamene. Kunzvera kwakaipa kunogona kuparira nhamo yokuwedzera. Madhipatimendi mazhinji amapurisa ane miitiro kuva nechokwadi chokuti bvunzurudzo dzinoitwa navashandi vakarovedzwa zvikuru, kuti vanyajambwa havasati vachiiswa muonano isiri madikanwa navanzveri, uye kuti kuvandika kwavanyajambwa vanochengetwa mugadziriro yacho yose.

Idzi itiro hanya dzinotapurawo kunyora mapepa. Somuenzaniso, chibvumikiso chinobvumira kubvutwa kwe "chinhu chipi nechipi nemidziyo yose yemichina yokuchengeta" mumusha umo nyajambwa anogara angada kubatanidza gadziriro dzokuparadzanisa zvishandiso zvanyajambwa kubva kumidziyo inonyumwirwa, kana kuti nokuda kwemichina yokudzosera isiri ufakazi hwebasa routsotsi nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Matare angaisa migariro pakuitwa kwetsamba, zvakadai sokuda mukuru mukuru wemapurisa womutemo akarovedzwa kuva anorovedza kukurumidza kuvapo, kana kuti kuganhurira nguva yezuva rokutsvaka kunoitwa kuderedza kudzokorodzwa.

Kutsvaka Makombiyuta Nemaakaundi Emakore

Kuwanda kwemafoni namasangano egore kwakaparira zvipurisa zvitsva zvapamutemo nokuda kwezvishandiso zvinobvumirwa. Chibvumikiso chokunzvera chishandiso chinooneka hachingoerekani kumitengo yemaakaundi egore inowanika muchadenga chichibva muchishandiso ichocho. Chisarudzo cheDare Gurusasasa mu Riliy v. California, 573 U.S. 373 (2014, yakabata kuti mapurisa angasasetsere nhamba dzenhau dzeserura dzechinoitika chorunhare kuti asungwe pasina mvumo yepamutemo. Kunyange zvazvo vachigona kunzvera michina inonzvera michina yekombiyuta nefoni: murairo unofanira kuva nekodzero inofukidza mashoko chaiwo kuti anzverwe, uye inofanira kuvakirwa pachinhu chimwe chete kuti vasaine uchapupu hwemhosva.

Muzvinoitika zvokushandisa vana zvisina kufanira, magwaro anowanzobvumira zvakajeka kunzvera "Maakaundi okuchengetera zvinhu, maakaundi eemail, uye nhau dzesocial network" izvo zvinobatanidzwa nomushandisi wechaichi, sezvo izvozvi zviri zvitsama zvinozivikanwa nokuda kweCSAM. Zvisinei, ikoku kungada kuratidzirwa kwakasiana kwechisakiso chinobvira chenhauro yeimwe kana kuti basa, zvikurukuru kana ufakazi hunobatanidza kunyumwirwa kunhau yakati yegore hwakaneta.

Kunzvera Kwechinetso

Kana makombiyuta angobatwa, vaongorori vemabumbiro emitemo vanofanira kunamatira kumitemo yorumano kuti vave nechokwadi cheperero youfakazi uye kudzivisa kupfuudza upamhi hwechibvumikiso. Muitiro wefonsic kazhinji kazhinji unobatanidza kugadzira chigadzirwa chinenge chiri chebhukwana nokuda kwekopi yebutiro rechinhu (a "wonetic imagenic common") uye ipapo kunzvera mufananidzo uchishandisa maturusi anozivisa CSAM hashes, kubvisa mafaira akabviswa, uye kunzvera nhau yeInternet. Mutendimendedzeri anofanira kutsanangura kana musero anganzvera muchina wacho nokuda kwe "ufakazi hupi hwouchapupu hwevatano," kana kuti marudzi chaiwo emafaira (g., mifananidzo nemavhidhiyo anoratidzira vana vari pasi pomufambiro wa 18 unoreva vatano hwakajeka).

Nenzira inokasharara, vanzveri vemipimo havagoni kungonzvera zvavo mafaira ose pamuchina pasina mutoo wakati wokunzvera nawo unoganhurira kusava norumano. Mamwe matare anotaura kuti kutsvaka CSAM kwakaganhurirwa nemhaka yokuti vanzveri vari kutsvaka mitoo chaiyo (mipimo, mazita emifananidzo yemifananidzo) iyo sezvingabvira ichaziva CSAM pasina kuda kunzvera kwakazara. Asi kana mutemo wokunzvera wakafara zvikuru(ko somuenzaniso), kana munzveri arava email iri yose nechinyorwa(whesvolktment) procestion ingataura kuti kutenderwa kwetsamba uye kuti ufakazi hunofanira kudhurwa.

Zvinetso uye Zvakaitika Munguva Ichangopfuura

Carpbated v. United States neThird-Party Enkrine

Chisarudzo cheDare rapamusoro ra2018 Carmenter v. United States, ._(2018)., zvakachinja zvikuru nzvimbo nokuda kwouchapupu hwemichina. Dare rakati hurumende inofanira kuwana rugwaro rwakavakirwa pachikonzero chakati pamberi pokuwana mashoko enzvimbo yesero (CSSLI) kubva kumunhu anotakurwa nechemo yemazuva manomwe kana kuti anopfuura. Chisarudzo chakaramba kushandiswa kwedzidziso yechitatu yetatu yedzidziso yetatu. Pfungwa dzinogoverana nokuzvidira nechikamu chechitatu (se kambani) hadzidzivisiki kudzivirirwa nePremhene. [FFLT] [FFFFFFF]

Mukunzvera vana zvisina kufanira, kudzikamisa kwomutemo kunowanzotsvaka mashoko omuzvinyoresi kubva kuvatarisiri vebasa reInternet, maemail, uye masangano ezvemasangano. Pashure Carplant, matare mazhinji akaderera akarangarira kuti murairo / kwete nhevedzano yedare pasi peTeld Communications Act, uye inodikanwa nokuda kwemarudzi akati emashoko, akadai semawebsite anoshanyirwa kana kuti kero yeIP inoshandiswa panguva dzakati. Muitiro wokuda kudiwa kwezvibvumikiso zvamamichina sezvingabvira kupfuurira, uye matsororo mumhaka dzokubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana unofanira kugadzirirwa kuwana mapepa emashoko akawanda kupfuura mumashoko akapfuura.

Kunyora Pamagwaro uye Kukwanisa Kuwana Zvishandiso

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshanda zvikuru muzviitiko zvokushandisa vana zvisina kufanira ndechokunyora mashoko epabonde. Mafoni nekombiyuta zvakawanda zvemazuva ano zvakanyorwa nokusarongwa, uye kuchengetwa kwemutemo kungasakwanisa kuwana mashoko pasina kunyorwa kwapanoshandisirwa kana kuti kuvhura magetsi. Zvishandiso zvepamutemo zvinowanika kuti zvimanikidzire kuvhura mudziyo uri kudirana. Matare akasiyanisa kuti ropafadzo yeFith Amendment inodzivirira munhu anofungidzirwa kuti asaita kuti ape diso (anofungidzirwa kuva anogombedzerwa) kana kuti avhure chishandiso chemikari (zvisina kuyera).

Muzvinoitika zvizhinji zvokushandisa vana zvisina kufanira, vatsigiri vomutemo vanotsvaka gwaro rinobatanidza "nongedzero yokumanikidza" anonyumwirwa kuti avhure chishandiso chacho, vachisimbisa kuti Gadziriro yeFindrome yechishanu haishandi nemhaka yokuti chiito chokugovera chinyorwa hachibvumiki kana kuti nemhaka yokuti dare rinopa mhedziso rinotoziva kuti shandiro racho nderevanonyumwirwa uye sezvingabvira rine CSAM) rinobvisa ropafadzo yacho. Nzvimbo ino yomutemo inoramba ichikwikwikwidzana zvikuru, uye mhinduro yacho ingasiyana nomutemo. Mamwe matare enyika akafunga kuti mutemo unogona kumanikidza munhu kuratidza chishandiso chacho ndokugovera chinyorwa chinopfuura, nepo vamwe vanoda dare rakaparadzana pachishandiswa chisakiso chinodikanwa.

NCOMC Nemishumo yeCybertipline

Nhamba huru yokunzvera vana kunoitwa mumagetsi inotanga nomushumo unobva kuNational Center for Consured Children (NCMEC) kupfurikidza nomutemo wayo weCybertipline. Pasi pomutemo weUnited States (18.U.S. ^ 2258A), vamiriri vebasa remagetsi vanodikanirwa kushuma zvinhu zvinooneka zvokubatwa zvisina kufanira muvatano yavana kuNCMEC. NCMEC ipapo inopfuudzira iyi mishumo kuisiro yemitemo. Chimiro chapamutemo cheiyi mishumo (18.C.Ch. inoumba chisakiso chinoringaringaringanira nokuda kwechiito chekushandiswa kwechinhu.)

Kazhinji kazhinji, mushumo weCybertipline unobatanidza mashoko akadai sekero yeIP youpambi, rondedzero yezviri mukati, uye pane dzimwe nguva mifananidzo chaiyoiyo kana kuti vhidhiyo. Matare akarangarira kuti mushumo wakabva kuNCMEC, wakabatanidzwa nedzimwe nhano dzokuongorora (zvakadai sokusimbisa kero yeIP neISP nenhau dzekare dzekukanganisa), unogona kugovera chisakiso chinobvira nokuda kwechibvumikiso chokunzvera. Zvisinei, vashushi vakadenha kuvimbika kweNCMEC's kushuma, vachipomera kuti mishumo yacho ingava yakavakirwa pachiziviso chakashata, kukanganisa kwapangidzira mashoko asina kukwana. Hurumende kazhinji kazhinji inodzivisa kuti mishumo, apo inowirirana, nokunzvera, chinogutsa zvinangwa. Chisarudzo chezvinetso zvamanyuko kazhinji inotsamira pamishumo yakananga.

mhedziso

Zvinodikanwa zvisingachinji mukushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwavana uye nhau dzokubatwa zvisina kufanira zvinosunda kuchengetwa kwomutemo kunoshanda mukati megadziriro yapamutemo yakaoma iyo inoremekedza pamutemo inodzivirira apo inogonesa kunzvera kwoupengo kwemhosva dzakashata. Zvinodikanwa zvikuru (jeka rinoparirwa neapo neapo, mhiko kana kuti kusimbisa), zvakafanana nomunzvero ipi neipi yetsotsi, asi rudzi rwechienzi rwokushandisa mhaka dzavana uye kuiswa kwemashoko mumifungo yetsika kunofanira kuita zvikumbiro chaizvo. Vapari vezveridzi vanofanira kunzwisisa nzira yokuwana nayo chisakiso chinobvira mumashoko, nzira yokuganhurira nayo mwero wokunzvera kudzivisa kunyanyovakwa, uye nzira yokushandisa nayo dziviriro dzokuwedzera idzo matare anoramba zvikuru kudzivirira kuva vogaro uye kuderedza njodzi.

Zviitiko zvemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, kubatanidza Carcenter chisarudzo, denho dzokunyora mashoko ouipindu, uye kunyorwa kwepaNCMEC mishumo, zvinopfuurira kuumba kuti zvibvumikiso zvinowanwa ndokuitwa sei. Nyanzvi dzemitemo navakuru vakuru vemitemo vanofanira kuramba varipo nemipimo inochinja kuva nechokwadi chokuti ufakazi hunodzivisika, kuti vanyajambwa vanodzivirirwa, uye kuti kodzero dzemapoka ose dzinoremekedzwa.