Kutanga: Kukwira Kwezvirongwa Zvokuzvimirira Muzvisarudzo ZveUS

Vazvimiriri vagara vachiva vatevedzeri vezvamatongerwe enyika veAmerica kwenguva refu, asi basa ravo mukuvhota nasarudzo zvakura kuva zvakaoma zvikuru uye zvinoparira. Sezvo muvhoti namapoka makuru maviri anosvika pakakwirira munhau nejeri nguva dzose kuratidzira kuti vanopfuura 40% veAmerica vanozivisa sezvizvimirimo nepesvedzero yavanoda kushandira pasina dare rinonzvera zvinoda kunzvera zvikuru. Ava vanoda kuvhota zvinhu zvose kubva mumasimba makuru kusvikira kumigumisiro yesarudzo, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanoshanda savaparadzi, mibato yezvirongwa zvinotenderwa, kana kuti zvinotsiva zvapachokwadi nokuda kwokubvisa vavhotera. Kunzwisisa kuti zvishandiso zvinozvimirira zvinoshanda mukati menosarudzwa zvinosarudzwa zvinoda kunokosha sei nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye munhu upi noupi anotsvaka mufananidzo mukuru wehurumende yazvinosarudzwa.

Vanoda kufunda havasi boka ramagariro. Vanobva muvashingaitiri voupenyu hwose netanho huru dzouswa kusvikira kuvapfumi vanozvipfumisa vanofuratira zvivako zvemabato egamuchidzanwa. Zvisundo zvavo zvinosiana zvikuru: vamwe vanotsvaka kusimudzira nhau imwe, vamwe vanovavarira kudzongonyedza mativi maviri, uye vashomanene vanochengeta tariro chaidzoidzo dzokuwana nzvimbo. Nyaya ino inofutunura pafundo dzapakuvamba kupfurikidza nokupinda munzvero dzenyika chaiyoiyo, miuyo yemitengo, uye miitiro inovamba inoumba mukwikwidzani akazvimo akazvimirira muzvose zviri zviviri zviito zvokuwana.

Kunzwisisa Zvinotaura Kuzvimirira: Tsananguro Nezvakasiyana

Mutevedzeri akazvimirira anorondedzerwa nokusavapo kwesonganirano yepamutemo nebato guru rezvamatongerwe enyika. Zvisinei, tsananguro iyoyo yakapfava inovhara mhatsa yakati. Vamwe vanozvimirira havana misha yepfungwa .Varigiratasi vanowana Democratic Party yeProctic Pristrist kana kuti vasingadiwi neGOP. Vamwe vanodavira kuti zvivako zvebato zvinodzivisa Hurumende inobudirira. Chikamu chakajeka chakajeka chinobatanidza vapindiri vamapati maduku (se vaLibertrian kana kuti mapati aGreen) vangaoneka pabhorati pasina chiratidzo chebato mune dzimwe nyika, asi vachiri kubatanidzwa nesangano. Nokuda kwokujeka.

Mavara Anowanzoitwa uye Zvikonzero

Kunyange zvazvo mumwe nomumwe akasiyana nevamwe, unhu hunoverengeka hunovapozve pakati pevakwikwidzi vari voga:

  • Non-partishashi senzvimbo yokutengesa: Vanowanzozvitengesa vamene sevakasununguka pachirango chebato, vanokwanisa kuvhota vakavakirwa pazvinodikanwa zvehana kana kuti mativi panzvimbo pezvitsama zveshati. Uku kukumbira kuvavhotera vaneta nerock.
  • Mitemo yemakungwa yapakati: yakawanda inonangidzira ngwariro zvikuru pamisoro imwe kana kuti miviri", Campaign yemari yokuchinja, chiito chemhoteredzo, kana kuti mutoro wemari (padzimwe nguva kubviswa kwezvikuva zvepati.
  • Grasroots nemari yenzanga: Pasina masangano ebato, mazvironze anovimba zvikuru nemipiro miduku yedhirandi, mibatanidzwa inozvipira, uye bvumirano yezvinobudisa nhau. Rubudiriro rweBernie Sanders (uyo akashanda seDemocrat asi akachengeta zivikanwo yakazvimirira) inoratidzira kuti simba rouswa rinogona sei kushandura kuva simba rinopa mari.
  • Mhinganidzo dzinozivikanwa zvikuru dzezita:[[FLT: 1] Indipendero hadziwanzofarikanya kufukidzwa kwezvinobudisa nhau uko boka rinogamuchira, kuchivamanikidzira kukwikwidza nokuda kwengwariro kupfurikidza nenguva dzoutachiona, gakava, kana kuti nhimbe dzechisimba.

Mukurumbira wakasimba womunharaunda ungatsiva kushayikwa kwetsigiro yebato, asi munyika yose kana kuti madzinza enyika yose anokonzera zvinetso zvikuru.

Kutapura Kwezvimiriri

Sarudzo huru dzine chokuita zvikuru nemitezo yebato inosarudza mubati wayo wemupimo. Bva kuzvimirira kunogona kuchinja nenzira ine revo aya makwikwi omukati, zvikurukuru munyika dzine nzvimbo dzakazaruka kana kuti dzakazaruka apo vavhoti vasingadikanirwi kunyoresa nebato. Mumiitiro yakadaro, vavhoti vakazvimirira vanogona kuyambuka ndokuvhota muchinhu chikuru chebato rimwe nerimwe, sezvinobvira vachipa tsigiro kuvada kukunda.

Kurambwa Kweboka Kunorema Nokuparadzana

Apo mutevedzeri akazvimirira anopinda mudanho guru (kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nokuzivisa seDemocrat kana kuti Republican nokuda kwenguva yenhangemutange(*) vanogona kutsigira. Muenzaniso wakatanhamara ndowe Doug Jones] 2017 dare chairo redare rakasarudzwa muAlabama, apo kuvapo kwomutendi akavimbika (kuedza kwaSen. Luther Strangerite?, ikoko kwakanga kuri GOP) kwakabvisa simba. Asi nhau huru zvikuru i 20222 conchotootecration, apo chinozvimirira ASK[FFFFFF]]

Kuparadzana ityisidziro yakananga zvikurusa. Muchirongwa chikuru chakatsvikinyidzana, munzveri akazvimirira ane 5-10% anogona kudzivisa munzvero upi noupi webato mumwe kusvika voruzhinji, sezvingabvira achiparira kubuda kana kuti kubvumira mukundi muzhinji netsigiro yakaderera kufambira mberi. 2020 Democratic diocratic akaona mitanhiro inoverengeka "Inicification" (seAndrew Yang naTulsi Gabbard) uyo aimhanya saDemocrates asi ane nzvimbo kunze kwebato guru, achiputsanya zvinobudirira vhoti inorwisana neBiden.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Zvokuzvimirira Mumatare Emhosva

  • Bernie Sanders (206 & 2020): Kunyange zvazvo Sanders aifamba seDemocrat, nhau yake setsamba yakaumbwa nechimiro chake. Zviratidziro zvake zvakasimba munyika huru dzakazaruka zvakaratidzira kuti vavhoti vakazvimirira vaigona sei kupinda muDdemocratic huru ndokusunda mubato pamugariro wenhau dzakadai sezvoutano nereji.
  • Josse Ventura (1998 Minnesota Gubernatoral): Ventura akawana sarudzo rwakazvimirira pashure pokutanga kufamba pamavambo? Zvomenemene, gadziriro yeMinnesota haisi muparati nokuda kwagavhuna(* hapana faira yetsika yapamutemo; vadaviri uye ipapo sarudzo yavose inoshandisa mavambo makuru? Mirira: Ventura akanga ari muReform Party asi anoshandawo saakazvimirira. Akawana 37% yevhoti munhangemu yenzira nhatu. Nzira yake yakanga iri yechienzi nemhaka yokuti aifuratira nzvimbo dzamagamuchidzanwa.
  • Angus King (Mayini):[ Mambo, akazvimirira, haanangi mubato mukuru asi anogona kutungamirira musarudzo yavose. Zvisinei, mugadziriro yokutanga yaMaine, kuvapo kwake kunotapura mapritation ose ari maviri nemhaka yokuti vavhoti vanoziva kuti mumwe munhu akazvimirira ari kumirira mutungamiriri.

Iyi mienzaniso inoratidza kuti kuzvimirira, kunyange apo kunenge kusiri papepa rokutanga, kuumba gadziriro dzavanoda kuvhota nekariro dzomuvhoti.

Basa Rezvinzvimbo Zvikuru Muzvisarudzo

Sarudzo dzakatanhamara inhano umo kuzvimirira kunogona kupesvedzera miuyo, kazhinji kazhinji mukuwirirana negoverano yavo. Muuyo wokuparadza ndiro chiitiko chinokurukurwa zvikurusa, asi vanozvimirira vanounzawo pfungwa itsva nokumanikidzira vada kutora rutivi vakuru kukurukura nhau dzinoregeredzwa.

Kupinza Kunobuda Kusarudza: Spolers v. Catalysts

Muparadzi anoshanda zvikuru anosvika apo muvhoti anozvimirira anobva kumumwe mutevedzeri mukuru, sezvinobvira achichinja muwirirani. Zvisarudzo zvikurusa zvakanongedzerwa ndi Ralph Nader muna 2000, uyo akatora vhoti dzakaringanira kubva kuAl Gore muFlorida kuzopa rusarudzo kuna George W. Bush, uye [[FLT] [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [FFFOB]] [5] [yati] [yati] muna 1992, uyo akakamura vhiya vhiya uye akabetsera Bill Clinton ne 43% yevvoti yakakurumbira.[4] uye akaedza kupfuudzira nenzira yakaoma.

Tapuro Pakuchera Nyika Nemakwikwi Oga

Mukusarudza kwapurezidhendi, Electoral College inowedzera simba ravada kuzvisarudzira. Muhurumende inosarudzwa ne1%, mugovera wechitatu ane 1-2% anogona kusarudza muuyo. Somuenzaniso, muna 2016, mumiriri weLibertary Gary Johnson akagamuchira 5.2% yevhoti muNew Mexico uye 4.3% muUtah , zvikamu zvakaenda kuClinton ne Trump zvakatapurwa neTrump zvinotapurawo nokuvapo kwake muFlorida (2.8%) sezvingabvira kwakarerekera kuTrump. Nenzira yakafanana, muna 2020, Libertrian and Green Crientreeds yakatapul in Georgia, Wiscounion, naArizona, dzose dzinodatesarusai. Indio ada kudzo-ballow-ballot; 20222222FFFFFFF1,[1],[3]]

Mhesano inobva Fairvote inoratidza kuti vada kutora rutivi rwechitatu uye vakazvimirira vakachinja muuyo wezvinenge zvitanhatu zvamapurezidhendi chifo cha 1844. Nepo risati riri dzinza riri rose rinosarudzwa nomunhu akazvimirira, bviro inoramba yakakwirira munguva dzakaganhurirwa.

Matambudziko Achasangana Nawo Nevanhu Vanozvimirira

Zvipingamupinyi zvevanoda kuzvimiririra zvakakura uye kazhinji zvinodzivisa vakawanda vanoda kubhabhatidzwa uye zvinova nechokwadi chokuti nhimbe dzemakwikwi dzakanyanya kusimba chete (kana kuti dzinofarirwa zvikuru) dzinokwanisa kukwikwidza.

Kuwana Bharuti: Mhinganidzo Huru

Mitemo yokupinda yakarongwa inosiana zvikuru nehurumende uye inowanzogadzirirwa kudzivirira gadziriro yezvikamu zviviri. Munyika dzakawanda, muda kunyoreswa anofanira kuunganidza nhamba huru yezvikumbiro mukati mehwindo pfupi, anobhadhara mari yokubhadhara, uye anosvitsa zvinodikanwa zvokugara. Somuenzaniso, muTexas, mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi akazvimirira anoda 113 000 (pane 2016 vhoti) uye anofanira kuzviisa mwedzi pamberi pesarudzo yavose. Mune 202020, Kanye West akakundikana kuwana chiteshi mumitengo inoverengeka nokuda kweizvi zvigumbura. Ballottellia inochengeta [FL:] mutungamiriri [FLT:] [FLT] [FFLD:1]] [1] anoratidzira kuti chinetso chinovambirana mamiriro ezvinhu ari nyore muzvikamu zvishoma muzvikamu zvishomanana zvezvikamu zviduku) zvezvirongwa.

Kutsigira Mari Yakasiyana

Vapamberi vebato vanobetserwa nematare ebato anoronga mari, anotsinhirana, uye maPC. Independents havana izvi mhoteredzo. Nepo ivo vanogona kuumba maPAC avo vamene, kazhinji kazhinji vanotarisana nendyiko yakakwirira yemadhora nemhaka yokuti havana mupi anosimudzirwa mutengi. Mitemo inobvumira vanhu kupira mari inosvika $3,300 padare ramabhirioni, asi vasingatongovi nemhizha kuti vane mubatanidzwa wemasangano avanemite. Mu202020, vanobatira mapiclat stations akakwikwidzani (mapato makuru) vakakwidza anosvika anenge $1,3 miriyoni (Z $67 000 000) nokuda kwaBhiden naTrump yakabatanidzwa. Zvipomendi zvemipiro zvichibva kuBluecord Sy kana kuti Win Droucle havafaniri kuwanika; vanofanira kushandisa zvikamu zvakafanana nezvinoumba zvavo.

Kuzivikanwa Kwezvinobudisa Nhau uye Zita

Zvinobudisa nhau zvinoda kuvara mativi ose emijaho yamakwikwi, uye kuzvimirira hakuwanzorangarirwa kuva kwapakuvamba. Ikoku kuvamba nhambo yakashata: kufukidzwa kunoreva kuzivikanwa kwakaderera kwezita, uko kunoderedzazve nhamba dzenhamba, uko kunoderedza mutengo. Zvinoparadzana zvinoitika apo mukwikwidzi ane mugariro wemakwikwi (g., [[FLT: 0]]] Kuda kutsiva Trump[[FL: 1] kwakatanga seRepublican, asi [[FLT:]] Jesse Vuta [[FL:] mukurumbira wokurwa wabetsera) kana kuti apo mabwe anonyadzisa anobetsera chiteshinhanha. Muchikamu chikuru [FLT:] Av5]? [FLT]

Kukurira Zvipingamupinyi: Miitiro Inoshanda

Pasinei zvapo nemhinganidzo idzi, dzimwe dzinozvimirira dzakabudirira:

  • Chivako cheMakori: Kubatira pamwe namapoka avagari vemo asiri apapatiti, mubatanidzwa (apo kunenge kwakabatana mundangariro), kana kuti mibatanidzwa yenhau inogona kugovera tsigiro navazvipiri.
  • Ruziviso rwezvinobudisa nhau: Andrew Yang (uyo aifamba seDemocrat asi akavaka tevere dzakazvimirira) yakashandiswa paIndaneti kufuratira zvinobudisa nhau. "Yang Gang" yakamubatsira kukwaniriswa nokuda kwenharo nokukwidziridza mamiriyoni.
  • Grasroots kutsigira: kuroverera suo nesuo, zvinoitika zvomunzvimbomo, uye horo dzamataundi ibasa rinodzorwa asi dzinobudirira mukuvaka chivimbo, zvikurukuru mumijaho yemitemo yomunzvimbomo kana kuti yehurumende.
  • Varwi navanodzosa: Vamwe vanoda kudenha mitemo yokupinda mudare. Somuenzaniso, mapoka eGreen neLibertarian akakwidza nokubudirira kupfavisa zvinodikanwa munyika dzinoverengeka.

Chibudiso chinobetsera i Project Isingashandiswi yeVoter, iyo inoshandisa nhamburiko dzokuchinja uye inopa nhungamiro kuvada kuzviita.

Nguva Yemberi YemavaEdential Candidage: Miitiro Nekuzvinyima

Kuchinja - chinja kwemagariro netsika kunogona kuwedzera simba razvo muzvinhu zvinodzidzisa uye kusarudzawo zvako mumakore gumi anotevera.

Kuwedzera Kwemichina Yemitambo Inozvimirira

Sezvacherekedzwa, mugove wavaAmerica vanozivisa kuva vazvimiriri wakakwira zvishoma nezvishoma. Munyika dzakawanda, zvimiriri zvinopfuura zvinovhota vose vari vaviri vakanyoreswa. Uku kuwanikwa kwevagari vemo vose vari vaviri kufadza nzvimbo yacho, uye kuparira kuda kwomuzvarirwo nokuda kwavada kuzvisarudzira. Zvisinei, vavhoti vanozvimirira kazhinji kazhinji vanotsamira kuboka rimwe; havasati vachitongova vakazaruka kuvatendi vechokwadi vanozvimirira. Kunyange zvakadaro, kukura mukunyoreswa kusina kutenderwa kunokarakadza kuti kuoma kwokurega boka ramadiro maviri kuri kuderera.

Electoral Reformations: Ranked-Choice Voling uye Kuvhura Varimo

Kuchinja kwakafanana nokuvhota kwakarongwa. Ikoku kunoita kuti kuve kwakakotsekana nokuda kwokuzvimirira kuderedza purovhinzi inopaza uye kungakurudzira zvomenemene kuzvimirira zvikuru kuti vadzore. Mugadziriro dzeRCV, vavhoti vanotora nokuda kwedanho( kana pasina munhu anowana vazhinji, munhu wokupedzisira anobviswa uye kuvhota kwavo chaikoiko. Ikoku kukuita kuti kuve kwakakotsekana nokuda kwokutsigira chisarudzo chokuzvimirira sechinhu chokutanga pasina “kushandisa. Maine naAlaska vanoshandisa RCV nokuda kwesarudzo yehurumende, uye maguta anoverengeka akakugamuchira. Ufakazi hwokutanga kubva mu 20222 okusanangurwa kwavo chaiko (kunoshandiswa pamusoro-forose-4 - VV yateverwa zvikuru neRCC. RFFFFFFFFFFFFF]

Kufambira Mberi Kwezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runoita kuti kutepfenyura kwapaIndaneti (isisi siginicha) kuve nyore kuwana zvinhu zvinoda kugamuchirwa. Kuratidza kungagona kuderedza zvinhu zvokubiridzira. Nhepfenyuro dzenzanga dzinobvumira kusangana kwakananga kwevhota pasina kushambadzira kunobhadharwa, uye zvikuva zvinobatanidza zvikamu zvakadai seCollempac kana kuti Kickstarter zvakashandiswawo nokuda kwemari yenhimberi. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwichigadzirwa ichiwo runobvumira mabato makuru kuwirirano mabhakitivhai. Mutevengo ungangogona kubvumirazve kuvhotera mumitengi, asi vadairwi vakazvimirira vakasununguka vanogona kushandisa maturusiro akawanda zvikuru kupfuura zvinobudisa mashoko.

Kugona Kuitika Pasi: Kuwedzera Kuchinja Kwemasero

Zvisarudzo zvose hazvisi zvakanaka. Kana kusabatana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kuchiipa zvikuru, vavhoti vangada zvishoma kusiya chikwata chavo vachida kuzvimirira. Vanoda kuvhozhokera vangavawo nedenho dzinodenha zvikuru dzinobva kumichina yebato. Mudzimwe nyika, mapoka makuru akakumbira nenzira inobudirira kubvisa zvigaro zvimene panharo kana kuti kusundwa nokuda kwemitemo yokupinda yakakomba. 2022 "Dysqualitiation Commission" munyika dzakasiana- siyana dzinovavarira kuchengeta vadaviridzi vechitatu varwi vasingadi kuvhota.

Mugumisiro: Zvinoreva Vanozvimirira

Vazvimiririri vane nzvimbo yechienzi uye kazhinji kazhinji isina ukoshi muSarudzo yeAmerica. Vanogona kudzongonyedza madzinza makuru, kuumba miuyo yesarudzo, uye kumanikidza mapoka makuru kupedza nhau dzinoregeredzwa. Zvinetso zvavo (jekiseni), kutsigira mari, mirangariro yenhau (zvisingakundiki, asi hazvikundiki. Sezvo kusavimba kwamapoka kunokura uye kuchinja kwapamutemo kwakafanana nokuvhota kwakarongwa kwakarongwa, hwindo ravada kushandira kuti vazviwanire. Kunzwisisa basa ravo harisi kungovawo muitiro wedzidzowo zvawo; kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anodavira kuti democracyism yakasimba inoda manzwi akawanda uye makwikwi echokwadi. Zvipoto zvechokwadi, zvinotsiva, zvinozvirongwa zvapachokwadi zvichapfuurira kupesvedzera kuvhotera mavhotera eUS.