Ziviso: Kunzwisisa Kubhadhara Mari Kubva Kunzvimbo Dziri Kumwe

Mitero ndiyo nzira huru iyo hurumende dzinopa nayo zvinhu zvavose namabasa, asi mitoro yokuunganidza nokutarisira mitero inoparadzirwa mumitengo yehurumende, hurumende, uye yomunzvimbomo mugadziriro yakaoma yehurumende. Iyi gadziriro yakavharwa inoreva kuti vanhu vamwe navamwe nebhizimisi vanoshanda nezviremera zvakawanda zvinobhadhara mitero, mumwe nomumwe nemitemo yake amene, mwero, uye zvinangwa. Kuvadzidzisi nevadzidzi, kunzwisisa iyi misiyano haisi bedzi muitiro wedzidzo yedzidzo yedzidzo yehurumende nenzanga, kunokosha kunzwisisa kuti mabasa avose anodzorwa sei, kuti zvisarudzo zvemari inoumbwa sei, uye kuti kubatanidzwa kwemitero kwehurumende kunoitwa sei. Nyaya inopa dzidzo inopa mitero yakasiyana - siyana.

Kunyange zvazvo nyaya yokutanga yataura nezvemitero inofambira mberi, kutarisisa kwakadzama kunoratidza kuti mitero inosiyana kwete bedzi murudzi asiwo mukutarisirwa kwemitero, mwero wemari, CONC, uye mwero wezviganhu zvinofarikanywa nemwero mumwe nomumwe. Hurumende yehurumende, somuenzaniso, inowana mari yakawanda yemari pamitero inofambira mberi, nepo hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinowanzotsamira pakutengesazve mitero nemitero. Iyi misiyano ine tapuro huru pakuenzana, tsika dzemari, uye kunaka kwemabasa avagari vemo anogamuchira. Nokuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kushambadza mitero inobatanidzwa mumitero uye kurukurirano inopfuurira pamusoro pezvinofanira kubhadharwa nokuda kwezvi.

Mitoro Yemitero Yamasangano

Hurumende yehurumende, ichishanda kupfurikidza ne Internal Revenue Service (IRS), ndiyo sangano gurusa rinounganidza mutero muUnited States. Manyuko ayo makuru emari inorongedzerwa kutsigira mapurogiramu munyika yose(kubatanidza dziviriro yorudzi, Social Security, Medicare, zvirongwa zvedzidzo yemasangano edzidzo, uye zvirongwa zvehurumende zvedzidzo (zvinobetsera vagari vemo vose pasinei zvapo nehurumende kana kuti nzvimbo. Mutero wehurumende unoratidzirwa nechivako chawo chikuru uye mwero inofambira mberi, zvinoreva kuti vawane mari yakawanda zvikuru inobhadharwa inobhadha mari yavo yemari mumitero.

Mitero Mikuru

  • Mari inodzorwa: Manyuko makurusa emari inobhadharwa yehurumende, ine inenge 50% yamarisiti ehwerengedzo. Inoshandisa mwero yemitero yakaderera inovambira pa 10% kusvikira ku 37% (sokusvika 2025) uye inobatanidza zvitsama zvakasiyana- siyana, zvikwereti, uye kurasikirwa kunoderedza mari inobhadharwa.
  • Mari yemari yemari: Revhi pamibayiro yamasangano. Chitemo cheTsima nerokushanda cha2017 chakaderedza mwero wakatsarukana kubva pa 35% kusvikira ku 21%. Kostative remitero yemari yehurumende inosvika 6-7%, kunyange zvazvo mwero inoshanda inowanzosiana nemhaka yemari nechikwereti.
  • Mitero: yakaunganidzwa pasi peFederal Insensertives Act (FICA) kuti itsigire mari yeSocial Security (12.4% pahotera) uye Medicare (2.9% isina kopi yemari). Vashandisi navashandi vanokamura mutoro, vanhu vanobhadhara zvitsama zvose. Iyi mitero inodzorwa nemhaka yokuti havashandisi kumari inotambiswa uye vanochengetedzwa nokuda kwechengetedzwa kweSangano renzanga.
  • Mitero yeCapital Gains Task: Mhindu mukutengeswa kwepfuma yakadai semashekero, zvisungo, uye nzvimbo. Nzvero dzemari yapanhambo refu (dzinochengetwa rinopfuura gore rimwe) dzinobhadharwa pamwero yakaisvonaka (0%, 15%, kana kuti 20% kuchitsamira pakuwana mari (pane nhambo pfupi inotakurwa semariwowo zvayo.
  • [ Mitero yokupa mari: Mitero pazvinhu zvakati sepeturo, chinwiwa chinodhakisa, fodya, uye matikiti endege. Iyoyi inowanzosairwa mari yechivimbo chakafanana (sezvih., Higway Trust Fund).
  • tate neMitero yeChipo: Shoma kupfuudza pfuma pamusoro pezvikumbaridzo zvakakwirira zvokusapinda panzvimbo dzakakwirira ($12.92 miriyoni pamunhu muna 2024). Iyi mitero inotapura zvikamu zviduku zvezvikamu zvenyika.

IRS inoita kuti mitero iyi itevedzerwe kupfurikidza negadziriro yokuteerera kwokuzvidira, kunyima, kukarakadza mibhadharo, uye kunzvera. Kuoma kwebumbiro remitemo reIRS (Zvuru zvamapeji) kwakanyandura kurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro pokuvaka, asi mugadzirirwo unofambira mberi unoramba uri rutivi rukuru. Kuvadzidzisi, kunzwisisa tsika yehurumende inogovera mavambo okuenzanisa hurumende nemitoo yomunzvimbomo. IRS webS [ inopa mipimo yakakwana nezvimiro zvinogona kushandiswa mumiitiro yekirasi.

Mitoro yeMitero yeHurumende

Hurumende dzinotarisira mitero yadzo dzimene, iyo inosiana zvikuru mugadziriro yemitero uye kutsamira pamanyuko akasiyana- siyana. Kusafanana nehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, nyika dzinotarisana neganhuriro huru: dzinofanira kudzikamisa mabhajeti adzo (zvizhinjivane zvinodikanwa zvebumbiro remitemo kana kuti zvemitemo zvakadzikamiswa), hadzigoni kudhinda mari, uye kukwikwikwidzana nokuda kwemibato yemari kupfurikidza nokugadziridza mitero. United States inopa mari yedzidzo (K811 nedzidzo yakakwirira), zvokufambisa, purogiramu dzoutano (kubatanidza Medicaid), uye masangano okuyamuramura.

Mitero Yavose yeHurumende

  • ISALES TSHURE: Mutero unoiswa pakutengeswa kwezvinhu namamwe mabasa. Kusvikira muna 2025, maruwa 45 neRepadhio reColumbia revy mutero wemari yose, nemitero inovambira pa 2.9% (Colado) kusvikira ku 7.25% (California). Masangano akawanda omunzvimbomo anowedzera mitero yawo amene yokutenga, achiita mwero wakabatanidzwa sa 10.25% mumaguta saChicago, Illinois. Vatengesi vanorangarira kuva vanodzosa nemhaka yokuti mhuri dzinowana mari dzinopedza mugove mukuru wemari yavo pamitero.
  • State Inhome Tax:[FLT:] Panguva ino, 41 hurumende dzinoisa mutero womunhu oga wemari. Paidzodzi, 11 dzine mwero mumwe wakafara (kuvambira pa 2,5% muColorado kusvikira ku 4.9% muIllinois), nepo dzimwe dzichishandisa zvivhozhokeri zvinofambira mberi. Masangano mapfumbamwe (Alahka, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Texas, Texas, Washington, uye Whoming) haana mutero wehurumende yose, kunyange zvazvo New Hampshire mubereko nemhindu bedzi. Mitengo inoshaiwa mari yemitero inotsamira zvikuru pakutengeswa kwemitero nemitero kana kuti zvinhu, munyika dzemari dzakafanana neAlaska neWyming, munyika dzechitoro dzinodzorwa padzoro.
  • Mutero wePropety: Zvikurukuru kumanyuko emari yomunzvimbomo, nyika dzakawandawo dzezvemari dzenyika yose (inowanzonzi “mutero wedzidzo yeruwa”) kana kuti kushandira pamwe nenzvimbo kupfurikidza nemipimo yeziviso newirirano. Mwero yemitero yenzvimbo nemiitiro yenzvero inosiano inosiana zvikuru.
  • [ Mitero yeMitero: Hurumende dzinoisa mitero yakakwirira pamotokari, chinwiwa chinodhakisa, uye chikafu (panobvumirwa nomutemo). Iyi kazhinji kazhinji i “mitero yezvivi” inoitirwa kumisa kushandiswa kwemari apo inokwidza mari.
  • Mari inobhadharwa neMitero yeBhizinesi: Mari yemitero yakawanda yehurumende, nemitengo inovambira pa 2,5% (North Carolina) kusvikira ku 11.5% (New Jersey). Dzimwe nyika dzinorairawo mitero yakakomba (umh., Commercial Accom Recodence) kana kuti mitero yemitero pamasangano ebhizimisi.
  • Mitero yokudzosera: yakatsigira pakubudiswa kwepfuma yomusikirwo yakadai seoiri, gasi, marasha, uye mapuranga. Nyika dzakadai seTexas, Alaska, uye North Dakota dzinovimba zvikuru neiyi mitero, inogona kuva inodzoreka nemhaka yemitengo.

Mhatsa pakati penyika dzinopa rabhoritari yomusikirwo nokuda kwokufunda muitiro wemitero. Somuenzaniso, Texas inotsamira pamutero womunhu oga asi ine mumwe wemwero yemitero yezvinhu yakakwirira zvikurusa munyika, nepo Oregon asina mutero wemari asi mutero wemari inofambira mberi. Izvi zvisarudzo zvinoratidzira zvisarudzo zvezvamatongerwe enyika, migariro yemari, uye miraudzo yenhau. x Foundation inogovera kuenzaniswa kukuru kwemitero yehurumende, kubatanidza vakuru vakuru vemitero yemitero yebhizimisi. Vafundisi vanogona kushandisa izvi zviwiro kuti vaongorore sei kuganhurana kwetsika dzemari, makwikwikwi, uye kubhadharo.

Mitoro Yemitero Yomunzvimbomo

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo (maovhanti, magorokotera, mataundishi, maruwa ezvikoro, uye maruwa chaiwo (zvikurukuru, nokuda kwamaraibhurari, dziviriro yemoto, kana kuti zvokufambisa) (imwe mwero wehurumende iri pedyosa nevagari vemo). Mitero yavo inonangidzirwa zvikurukuru kumabasa okutsigira mari ayo nzanga dzinoshandisa zuva nezuva: dzidzo yepuraimari nesekondari, mapurisa nedziviriro dzomoto, migwagwa, tsvina, mapaki, uye matare omunzvimbomo. Nemhaka yokuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzine pokuwana mari nemitero (kazhinji inodzorwa nemitero yehurumende), dzinotsamira zvikuru pamitero yepfuma.

Mitero Huru Yomunzvimbomo

  • Tsvaka reProperty Taxi: Mitero yenzvimbo inoitwa noumhanyi hwemari yomunzvimbomo. Mitero yenzvimbo inoitwa noumhanyi (yakavakirwa paukoshi hwakatemwa) uye inowanzova manyuko makurusa emari yemari inotengwa nokuda kwenzvimbo dzechikoro nenzvimbo dzinogara vanhu. Muitiro unobatanidza kuronga ukoshi hwezvinhu chaizvoizvo, kushandisa reshiyo yechereshiyo yemari (g. 100 muzana munyika dzakawanda), uye ipapo kuwedzerwa nemwero womunzvimbomo (asvota $6 000 000 (mari iri mutengo unotengwa). Somuenzaniso, musha unotendwa pamari 50 000 000 muruwa pamwero wemari 50 000 mumitero muzvinhu. Nyika zhinji dzinopa kushamba nokuda kwemisha, vakuru, vapa, kana kuti vawane mitero yemitero yakaderera. Mitero inogoverwa nokuda kwemitengo inogoverwa nokuda kwemitengo yakaderera zvikuru nokuda kwemari inopfumisa mitengo.
  • Nzvimbo dzinotengesa mutengo: Nyika zhinji dzinobvumira kuti nyika dziwanzi, maguta, uye zviremera zvokufambisa zviwedzere mutero womunzvimbomo pamusoro pemwero wehurumende. Iyi mitatiro yomunzvimbomo inogona kusiana kunyange mukati menzvimbo imwe cheteyo. Somuenzaniso, muAlabama, mitero yomunzvimbomo yezvokutengeserana inogona kuwedzera 7% pamusoro pomwero wehurumende, ichiumba mwero wakabatanidzwa kupfuura 11% mumamwe maguta. Mitero yomunzvimbomo yokutengesa inogona kushandiswa kutsigira mabasa akananga senzvimbo dzekokorodzano, nhandare, kana kuti kuvandudza mufambiro wezvifambiso.
  • Mutero wenzvimbo yapanzvimbo imwe kana kuti Wage Mitero: Chikamu chiduku chamatura, zvikurukuru kuNorthern East ne Midwest, levy mari yomunzvimbomo kana kuti mutero. Somuenzaniso, Guta reNew York rinoisa mutero wemari pavagari vemo, uye nyika dzakafanana nePennsylvania dzinobvumira maguta (g. Philadelphia) namaruwa echikoro kubvisa mutero wemariro kuvose vari vaviri vagari navagari vemo vanoshanda mukati nharaunda. Iyi mitero inowanzova yakapfupika uye inogona kuita mitero nokuda kwavafambi.
  • Marezere ebhizimisi neMarindi eUganda: Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinoda mabhizimisi kuwana marezenisi nemvumo, izvo zvinoparira mari netarisiro inodzorwa. Mapiresi anosiana parudzi rwebhizimisi, nhamba yavashandi, kana kuti mariti makuru. Mamwe maguta anorairawo “mutero weropafadzo yebhizimisi” wakafanana namaripo emarita emarita emari.
  • Mitero yezvisakiso: Nyika dzinogona kuparira mari yemibato inobetserwa zvakananga nevandudziko yakananga, yakadai senzira itsva, chiedza chomugwagwa, kana kuti mugero wetsvina. Iyi haisati iri miterowo zvayo asi yakasungirirwa betsero inogamuchirwa.

Linn Institute of Land Policy inogovera nzvero huru pamutero wezvinhu nemari yomunzvimbomo. Nokuda kwekirasi, kuenzanisa mabhiri emitero yenzvimbo mumativi akasiyana- siyana(anoshandisa mameseji epaIndaneti)(anogona kuenzanisira kuti ukoshi hwezvinhu nemitengo zvinofambidzana sei kuti zvipedze kupesana kukuru mumari yechikoro, musoro pamusoro pakati pekurukurirano dzamagakava.

Kuongorora Mitoro Yokubhadhara Mitero Kwakaenzana

Kuenzanisa kwakarongwa mitero yehurumende, hurumende, uye yomunzvimbomo kunoratidza kusiyana kukuru muukuru, manyuko emari, gadziriro dzemiitiro, uye miuyo yezvemari. Iyi misiyano haisi yetsaona; inoratidza magadzirirwo ehurumende yeAmerica, iyo inogovera mabasa akati kusvikira pamwero mumwe nomumwe uye inogovera maturusi anowirirana.

Kukura Nechinangwa

Mitero yemari [ yakarongedzerwa kutsigira zvinhu zvavanhu vose, chengeteko yemari inotambirwa, nharaunda dzapakati penyika, uye kudzorwa kwemari. Chivako chavo chikuru chinovaita kuti vatsigire vhiringidziko dzemari dzomunzvimbomo. [[FLT:] Mitero yeruwa[[FLT:]]] yemari yemari yemari mumishamba yehurumende, nedzidzo kuva mari huru zvikuru. Nemhaka yokuti maruwa anofanira kuganhurira bhajeti, mitero yawo inoita kuti ivetedzere zvikuru mativi ebhizimisi. mitero inosungirwa zvikuru kunzanga; mitero inopa mitero inodzo yakachengetwa, inodzo yakatengwa, asi inovakwa neyamupfumisa mipfumisa.

Manyuko Emari Yakagadzirwa Nokutsamirana

Hurumende yehurumende inotsamira zvikuru pamitero inofambira mberi yemari inowanwa nomunhu mumwe nomumwe (inenge 50% yemari inopiwa) uye mitero yemitero yemipumburu (inenge 35%) nyika dzakasiana zvikuru: inenge chikamu chimwe chezvitatu chemari yehurumende inobva mumitero yokutengesa, chikamu chimwe chetatu chemari inotambirwa, chikamu chimwe kubva kumamwe manyuko (kubatanidza zvinhu, bhizimisi, uye mipiro yehurumende). Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinowana inenge 70% yemari yadzo vamene yemitero yezvinhu, neyasara yemitero yokutenga, mitero, uye kusimupinduro yehurumende inobva kumaruwa. Ikoku kunoreva kuti gadziriro yehurumende inowedzera kuva inofambira mberi, nepo gadziriro dzomunzvimbomo kazhinji dzinodzokororwa.

Kutungamirira uye Kuoma Kunzwisisa

Mitemo yemitero inowirirana munyika yose, inomanikidzirwa nesangano rimwe (IRS). Hurumende nemitemo yemitero yomunzvimbomo zvinokamurwa; kushanda kwebhizimisi munyika dzakawanda kunofanira kuwirirana nemirau 50 yakasiana-- siyana yemitemo yemari inogoverwa, mitero yokutengesa, uye nexus. Kubvira pa South Dakota v. Howair[[FLM] [2017] chisarudzo cheDare gurusa, masangano anogona kukumbira vatengesi vari kure kuunganidza mutero wokutengesa, kuwedzerawo mitoro yokudzosera mitero asi kuderedzawo kutamba minda nokuda kwezvidhina nemortar. Pamwero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, nhamba huru yemitero maererano neUS.CUSCURCUR.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.C.5649,5.

Kuenzana uye Kuparadzira

Nemhaka yokuti kutsaura mitero yomunzvimbomo kunobhadhara zvikoro zvemitero, kurasika kwepfuma yezvinhu kunoparira mikana yedzidzo isina kuenzana. Nyika inoedza kuderedza iyi kupfurikidza nemiitiro inodzorwa iyo inobetsera hurumende. Pamwero wehurumende, mitero inofambira mberi inoderedza kusaenzana kwemari inotambirwa pashure pemitero, asi kubviswa kwemitero yehurumende nemimwe misha yomunzvimbomo zvinogona kuderedza fambiro mberi. Kudzokororwa kwemitero yemari nemitero kunoreva kuti mhuri dzinowana mari yakaderera dzinoripa mugove mukuru wemari yadzorwa muhurumende nomutero womunzvimbomo, ichokwadi chinoparira gakavanwa pamusoro pechinjo yemitero uye kudzorwa kwemambure okudzivirira njodzi.

Kunetsa Kwemasangano Anoitirwa Vanhu Vose uye Kubudirira Kwezveupfumi

Kupesana kwemitero kune zvakunobatsira chaizvo pamabasa avose uye kusimba kwemari munharaunda. Kana mitero iri mishoma kana kuti isisina kumira zvakanaka, hurumende dzinorwisa kuramba dzichitsigira mari nokuda kwemabasa anokosha panguva yokuderera kwemari. Somuenzaniso, dzinotaura kuti kutsamira pakuwana mitero inowana mari yakawanda inowandisa mumitero inoderera, kumanikidza kuderedza dzidzo nepurogiramu dzoutano. Mukupesana, hurumende dzinoda kubhadhara zvinhu dzinogara dzichiva nemari asi dzingatarisana nokudzivisa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kukwidziridza mitengo apo mipimo yepfuma inokwira (nhau yemari inovakwa ne “mabhiripo yemari" semarogimendiro 13 muCalifornia).

Mitemo yemitero inopesvedzerawo zvisarudzo zvenzvimbo yebhizimisi. Nyika dzisina mutero wemari (seTexas neFlorida) dzinokwezva mafemu navanhu vamwe navamwe, asi kazhinji kazhinji dzinotsiva zvinhu zvakakwirira kana kuti mitero yokutengesa kana kuti mwero yebasa ravose yakaderera. “kubatira pasi” mumwero wemitero yebhizimisi kwakasunda dzimwe nyika kupa zvikarakadzo zvinoshuviwa, izvo vatsoropodzi vanopikisa kubvisa mutero pasina kuparira kukura kwemari. Maruwa anokwikwikwidza nokuda kwemitero kupfurikidza nemari yemari (TI) kana kuti mitero yemari inobhadhadhariswa, izvo zvinogona kuparira miuyo yokutemwara mitero pamitengo yomuvakidzani.

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi, izvi zvinopa fundo huru dzenhau. Somuenzaniso, njodzi yenhau muDetroit yakasimbisa kuti kunyanyotsamira pamitero yezvinhu kubva panzvimbo yavagari vemo iri kuderera kwakatungamirira kukuputsika kwebasa nokubhuroka kwemitengo yeSun Belt. Nenzira inopesana, kukura kunokurumidza kwemitengo yakabatanidzwa nezvinorema kugona sei kusunda kutama nokuwedzera kwezvemari. Kunzwisisa izvozvi zvinobetsera vadzidzi kubatanidza rondedzero yemitero nemigumisiro chaiyoiyo yenyika.

Mubhadhari Wemari uye Kushanda Nehurumende

Mitoro yokubhadharisa mitoro inosiana zvikuru nemwero wehurumende. Kuzviisa pasi kwomutero kunodzorwa zvikuru nemhaka yokuti IRS inopa mitero yapachena yemagetsi (Ifai yeSangano reManesesai) nezvimiro zvinoraviswa. Zvisinei, kuoma kwemitemo yemitero yavanobhadharira vabhadhari vazhinji kuti vashandise zvirongwa zvokuripira. Kuzviisa pasi kunowedzera: vabhadhari vemitero munyika dzakawanda vanofanira kudzora mamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende, netsanano dzemari, uye mari yechikwereti. Nyika dzinowedzera kuoma nemari yakagadziriswa (AGI) kupfavisa, asi mitero ichiripo nazvinopesana nezvinoparadzirwa, izvo nyika dzinobvumira kubviswa nokuda kwehurumende uye mitero yomunzvimbomo. Kutera kwomunzvimbomo kunofanira kuva kwakanangana kupfurikidza nemitero yemari yomushamba kana kuti mari yemari yomunzvimbo inodzorwa kumari yomunharaunda yomunzvimbomo yomunzvimbomo; mitero inodzorwa kupfurikidza nehurumende yebhizimisi yebhizimisi yomunzvimbomo, uye kudzodzodzodzodzo dzomunzvimbomo dzenyika dzomunzvimbomo dzenzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo, uye kupfurikidza nemitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbo yomunzvimbo yomu

Ndyiko dzokutarisira dzemitero yakawanda dzinokosha. Office yebhajeti yemabhadhari ([[FLT]]CBO) uye [[FLT] Office yedare yedare] pamutemo [[FLT]] , yakatsikirira kuti vaAmerica vapedze mabhiriyoni emaawa gore rimwe nerimwe pakubvuma mutero. Mitero yakadai se “paripa. bhiriti padzoro dzehurumende, kana kuti kuita chirongwa chekuchenesa chehurumende, yakakurukurwa asi zvakatarisana nemhingamupi.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwenhau KwechiFederano Nemitero

Kuparadzirwa kwemitero kwazvino uno hakuna kusiana; kwakashanduka kupfurikidza nokugadziridzwa kwebumbiro-mitemo, zvisarudzo zvedare, uye njodzi dzemari. Pamberi peMitemo yechi 16 (1913), hurumende yakavimba nemirau nemitero; kugadziriswa kwakabvumira mutero wechigarire. Kuderera Kukuru Kwokuderera Kukuru kwamari kwakaparira hurumende kuva nomutoro mukuru nokuda kwourovha mukuru, Sacual Security (1935), uye gare gare gare, Medicaid (1965). Pashure peNyika ya World War II nguva yakaona hurumende yeSangano refumusssss (g.g., nokuda kwemiteshina dzidzo) kupesvedzera hurumende nemuitiro yomunzvimbomo kusimudzira mimwe mitero. Muitiro wa19808 waidzodzodzodzodzo yemutero (19994) yakakwira kuhurumende yeruwa rwenyika yeruwa rwenyika inosa.

Matare akaumbawo mitoro yemitero. MuNational Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2012), Dare Gurusa rakatsigira murairo womunhu oga weAffordic Care Act semutero, kusimbisazve simba rehurumende remitero yakafara. Nenzira inopesana, Wayfair[ chisarudzo chakakudzwa chehurumende pamusoro pechiremera chemitero pamusoro pokutengwa kwapakati penyika iri kure. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti miganhuro yemitero inokwikwidzi inokwidzwa uye inodzorwa kuti ishandurwe, kuchiita kuti ive inokosha nokuda kwavagari vemo kuti vagare vaziviswe.

Mugumo: Mufananidzo Mukuru Wavadzidzisi NaVadzidzi

Kuongorora kusiyana kwemitero muhurumende yose kunoratidza nzira yakaoma uye ine chokuita nehurumende. Mitero yehurumende inobhadharwa inoitwa nehurumende inoita kuti pave nenzvimbo inoshandira pamwe, mitero yehurumende inoshandiswa nehurumende, mari yemari yemari yemari uye mitero yemo, uye mitero yomunzvimbomo inogovera mikana yokudzidzisa vanhu upenyu hwenzanga. Kubatanidza pakati pemitero iyi nemari, kupfurikidza nemipiro, uye kubhadhara mutero kuwirirano nehofisi yedzidzo, misharo, uye kuchengeteko yavose iyo vagari vemo vanowana. Vadzidzisi, musoro uyu unopa mukana wokudzidzisa kurava nokunyora munzanga, kurangarira zvoupfumi, uye kutengesa kubatanidzwa mukuita zvisarudzo zvehurumende.

Vadzidzi vanonzwisisa mitero vanogona kuyera zviri nani zvikarakadzo zvemitero zvehurumende (zvingava pamusoro pokuganhurwa kwemitero yemari yehurumende, mubatanidzwa wechikoro womunzvimbomo, kana kuti kurukurirano yemari yehurumende. Vanogona kunzwisisa chikonzero nei guta rine nzvimbo yezvikwata zvinobudirira ringaisa basa mupaki itsva, nepo nyika yomumaruwa ichiedza kuchengeta migwagwa. Nokuenzanisa mitero mumativi ose, vanodzidza kupokana nefungidziro pamusoro peruramisiro, kubudirira, uye basa rehurumende muupenyu hwavo. Pakupedzisira, zivo iyi inopa vagari vemo venguva yemberi simba rokushandisa nokufunga zvakanaka mukurukurirano pamusoro pokudavidza, uyo anobetsera, uye nzira yokuvaka nayo nzanga inokwanisa kuenzana.