Chii Chinonzi Kushatisa Kwokumanikidza?

Nzvero inogombedzera unyanzvi hwezvamatongerwe enyika hunonyengera hunozvinyepedzera humene senzvero yemurangariro wapamutemo asi hunoshanda nevavariro yakasiana: kushandisa vavhoti panzvimbo pokuyera mirangariro yavo.

Nzvero dzapamutemo dzinotsamira pamienzaniso yesayenzi, unyanzvi hwemiitiro inooneka, uye mashoko asina kusiana. Nzvero dzechiPush, dzinoitwa kazhinji kazhinji nevashandi vezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti mapoka ezvechikwata, kushandisa mitoo miduku, isingamiriri, uye isingawanzozivikanwi yaidziri. Nharidzano yacho haisi unganidzwa yemashoko asi nyengetedzo — yakashata zvikuru kudzvinyirira, kukuvadza mukurumbira unokwikwikwidzani ’ kana kuti kusimbisa tsveta. Kunzwisisa musiyano pakati pebvunzi yechokwadi neasvoro inomanikidzira kunotsoropodza avo vanoda kudzivisa kushandiswa.

Kushambadza Kunoita Vanhu Kushanda: Kushandisa Michina Yokushandisa

Kunzverwa kwokumanikidza kunoshanda kupfurikidza nounyanzvi hushoma hunokosha hunoshandisa ndangariro kukanganisa. Kuziva iyi mitoo inhano yokutanga kukuidzivisa.

Mibvunzo Inotungamirira Neyakaremerwa

Chiratidzo chenzvero inomanikidzira kushandiswa kwemibvunzo iyo inoita kuti ufunge kuva nemhaka kana kuti inoreva songaniro dzakaipa. Somuenzaniso, muvhoti angabvunzwa: "Ungangotsigira X here kana waiziva kuti vakanga vaongororwa nokuda kwokuputsa mitemo?" Kunyange kana kunzvera kwakanga kusina pakwakavakirwa kana kuti kuvharwa, mubvunzo unoparira kunyumwira muvhoti ’ pfungwa. Kuvhota kunogadzirwa kunogadzirirwa kuumba songaniro yendangariro pakati pomuvhoti nechakaipa, pasinei zvapo namaidi.

Kutaura Kwenhema Kana Kuti Kunowedzeredzwa

Nzvero dzokumanikidza dzinowanzopa mashoko akamonyaniswa kana kuti enhema chaidzoidzo sokunge kuti iidi rakasimbiswa. Nzira inozivikanwa navose ndeyokubatanidza mubhadhari nomunhu kana kuti muitiro: "Unobvumirana neCandidate Y ’ zvinotsigira kukwidziridza mitero pamhuri dzeboka rapakati ”? Kana muvhoti asina chimiro chakadaro. Muvhoti anomanikidzirwa kuita chinhu chinenge chakanyorwa, uye kudzokororwa kwenhema kunogona kukuita kuti inzwe kuva yakarovedzeka uye yakadaro nokufamba kwenguva.

Zviyero Zviduku, Zvakarongwa

Nemhaka yokuti nzvero dzokumanikidza hadzina kuitirwa kuparira miuyo inoshanda munhamba, idzo kazhinji kazhinji dzinodenha vagari vechiverengero chaicho chavagari vemo kana kuti vavhoti mumaruwa makuru. Nhimbe ingadana bedzi zviuru zvishomanene zvavanhu munharaunda yamakwikwi, vachiziva kuti kunyange chiverengero chiduku chepanikiro dzakasimwa chinogona kuchinja kana kuti kunyengetedza munhangemutange yakaoma. shanyo dzacho kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzinova pfupi, uye mushanyi haawanzoziva sangano rinotsigira.

Kudzima Kwokuona Zvakajeka

Vanzveri vemipimo vanozivisa chaizvoizvo mutoo wavo, ukuru, mucheto wemhosho, uye manyuko okushandisa mari. Kuvhota kwokumanikidza kunojekesa kana kuti kunyengera mashoko aya. Vatambi havawanzoudzwa kuti ndiani ari kubhadhara runhare, uye kana akatsvikinyidzirwa, mushanyi angagovera mhinduro isina kujeka kana kuti inonyengera. Uku kushaikwa kwokuzvidavirira kunoita kuti kunzvera kuome kunzvera nokutonga.

Kuedza Kushatisa Kunoshamisa Munhau Yenguva Ichangobva Kupfuura

Nhimbe dzenzvero dzakakwirira dzinoverengeka dzakaparira kudanidzira kwavose, denho dzapamutemo, uye kuvadziko inogarisa kuzita rezvamatongerwe enyika. Kunzvera idzi nhau kunozivisa nzira dzinochinja nezvinetso zvetsika zvinopfuurira zvakabatana nokunzverwa kwokumanikidza.

2000 Republican Primary muSouth Carolina

Imwe yemiitiro yokunzverwa ine mukurumbira wakaipa zvikurusa yakaitika mukati me 2000 Republican purezidhendi mukuru muSouth Carolina. Voters vakagamuchira runhare dzinokarakadza kuti John McCain akanga abereka mwana asina pamutemo nomukadzi weAfrica. Nharo dzacho dzakataura kuti McCain’ mwanasikana wokurerwa, uyo akaremara, chaizvoizvo akanga ari mwana wake wechizvaro akazvarwa asina muchato. Chinoumba chakanga chiri chenhema & mdash; McCain nomudzimai wake vakanga vagamuchira musikana kubva kuBangladesh nhererash — asi kuvadziko yacho yakaitwa. Kuvhotera kwacho kwakapira kuMcKay ’ kurasikirwa muchato, uye chinoitika chacho chakava muenzaniso wetsikanobhuro yedzinza kupfurikidza nokutengesa. Kunyange zvazvo pasina ufakazi hwakana kutsigira kurukurirano kwemitemo yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mujaho weDare reAlabama wa2006

Mukati menhangemutange yeImba yeDare ya2006 pakati paJeff Sessions naDoug Jones, nzvero yokumanikidza yakaparadzirwa kuti yaibatanidza zvenhema Jones nemubato woutsotsi. Voters vakabvunzwa kana vaizotsigira Jones kana vaiziva kuti akanga ave ari mubatanidzwa ne“ akabatanidzwa ne” zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvirongwa zvisiri zvapamutemo. Mibvunzo yacho yakaitirwa kusaunganidza mashoko asi kuparadzira kunyumwira munyika umo chivimbo muvadaviri vakanga vatova vasina kusimba. Nhimbe dzakashurikidza pachena runhare, uye kuongorora kwezvinobudisa nhau kwakaro zvemari yaitsvaka kuboka rokunze nechibvumirano cheRepublican. Gakava rakasimbisa kuti kugona sei kupedza funganyo dzomunzvimbomo uye kushayisa pasi vashairira mari kuti vashaye zvokurwisa nokukurumidza.

Kukwikwidzana Kwezvipembenene muCalifornia kwa2010

MuCalifornia &ssquo; 2010 nhangemutange yezvigaro pakati paJerry Brown naMeg Whitman, vavhoti vakagamuchira runhare dzinokurudzira kuti Brown atsigire mitemo yaizoshayisa mari yehurumende ’ anoronga mari uye anokwidziridza mitero pamabhizimisi maduku. Kudana hakuna kuisa zvakananga nzvimbo idzi kuna Brown asi kwakashandiswa nesangano ra“ kwaizobvumira boka rinotsigira kuti rivhotera ritsigire muteveri wemitero panguva yokuderera kwemari? ” ” yateverwa nechiyeuchidzo chokuti Brown akanga ari mutengi. Iyi “ nzira yokushandisa yakaitwa nesangano ” yakabvumira boka rinosimudzira kuti riparadzike pfungwa dzakaipa pasina kutaura nhema chakakwana. California Faircian Procsects Coms Comsss yakagamuchirwa nechiito chakanzi.

Kusarudzwa kwaPurezidhendi mu2012

Nhangemutange yapurezidhendi ya2012 pakati paBarack Obama naMitt Romney yakarangarira nzvero dzinosunda kutumira mabasa kumativi ose ari maviri. Mumwe muenzaniso unokosha waibatanidza runhare mumitezo inodzora unotaura kuti Romney akanga abvisa mabasa eAmerica apo akanga ari paBainpital, zvichireva kuti iye pachake akatumira mabasa mhiri kwamakungwa. Nharo dzinoshandiswa se “ waizotsigira mutendi aibetsera kubva pakutumira mabasa kuChina? &rqo; pasina kuisa kuti Baincental ’ mitero yokubhajekero yakanga iri miitiro yapamhika yapamhika yapamutemo. Nenzira yakafanana, madhiroma anosunda mapepa akakarakadza kuti Odicad neMedicare, anoshandisa nhamba dzakashata. Mubatanidzwa mukuru mukuru mukuru wezvo wezvo muna 2012 wakatungamirira kuridza dare reFoffcean Coms Commistions, kunyange zvazvo zvazvo zvazvo ari masangano eFederal Edicromel Ecroption ataurwa kuti adzirwe kudzivirira kuti adzirwe

Kutonga Kwehurumende Kwechiuto Kwa2020

Mukati me2020 Democratic nzvero huru, mibvunzo inomanikidzirwa yakashandiswa kuvhotera Bernie Sanders naElizabeth Warren. Voters muhurumende huru dzakagamuchira runhare dzakakumbira kana vaizotsigira mubhadhari uyo aida kubvisa inishuwarenzi youtano yavanhu voga, kukwidziridza mitero paboka rapakati, kana kuti kubvisa mapurisa. Iyi mibvunzo yakagadzirirwa kubatanidza vose vari vaviri vapindi nenzvimbo dzenharo dzakanyanyisa idzo dzisina kuratidzira zvizere zvikuva zvavo. Kudana kwakawanwa kumatare ezviito zvezvamatongerwe enyika namabatano eDdemocratic, kuparira rwisano yomukati. Chino chakaratidzira kuti kumanikidza kuvhotera kwacho hakungorerwi kurudzo kana kuti kuchikamu chimwe chete chebato &mdase; ichishandiswa chokushandisa zvamatongerwe enyika.

Zvinoita Kuti Zviome Kufurira Vamwe Kunzwisisa

Pasinei nokushorwa kwakapararira, kuongorora kwokumanikidza kunoramba kusingadzorwi zvikuru muUnited States.

Dziviriro Dzokutaura Dzakasununguka

Dare reFirst Amendment rinodzivirira kutaura kwezvematongerwe enyika, kusanganisira kutaura kunotsausa kana kuti kwakaipa. Dare rave richizengurira kurambidza kuvhota nokuti rinova muboka renhimbe rokunyengera, kunyange apo kunyengera kuri kunyengera. Dare Rapamusoro - soro rakadavira kuti kutaura kwenhema kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunodzivirirwa nguva dzose kutoti kwasvika mipimo chaiyo yokuzvidza kana kuti kunyengera.

Kushaikwa Kwerondedzero Dzakajeka Dzapamutemo

Mitemo yehurumende inosiana zvikuru mumatsanangurire ayo iyo inorondedzera nzvero inomanikidzirwa. Dzimwe rondedzero dzinoda kuti vanoridza runhare vazive ari kubhadhara nokuda kwenzvero, asi kuchengetwa kwakaneta. Vashandisi vazhinji vevhoti vanosunda vanoshandisa marobhaksi kana kuti vashambadzi vetatu vakaoma kuronda. Kunyange apo manyuko anowanwa, mutoro wechiratidzo wakakwirira: chipfuro chinofanira kuratidza kuti nzvero yacho yakaitwa nevavariro yokunyengera panzvimbo pokuunganidza mirangariro yechokwadi.

Kutarisira Kunoganhurirwa

Federal Ecommution Commission ine simba pamusoro penhimbe asi kwete pamusoro pezviri mukutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Federal Communications Commission inodzora varoyi navanotengesa pafoni asi inohesvurira shanyo dzezvamatongerwe enyika kubva paganhuriro dzakawanda. Somuuyo, inosunda nzvero kudzikamiswa kwemitengo yehurumende. Federal Trade, iyo mapurisa anoita miitiro yezvokutengeserana inonyengera, haina chiremera pamusoro pekurukurirano dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kuwedzera Kwezvinoshatisa Kushandisa Michina

Mumakore achangopfuura, kuongorora kwachinja paIndaneti. Kushambadzira kwemakombiyuta, mashoko emeseji, uye nhimbe dzeemail zvinoshandisa nzira dzinotungamirira sefoni. Nzira idzi dzinotova dzakaoma zvikuru kudzora nokuti dzinogona kuiswa pakushandisa micro - recult sync, kupararira nokukurumidza nokugovana, uye kazhinji kazhinji kusingazivikanwi kana kuti kunzi hakuna zita. Vateveri vemashoko vachiri kukwanisa kuita basa iri, vachisiya vavhotera vachiona zvimiro zvitsva zvokushandisa.

Kutapura Kwendangariro Pamazaya Emari

Kunzverwa kwokumanikidza kunoshanda nemhaka yokuti kunoshandisa mirangariro yendangariro iyo yakadzika midzi mukuita zvisarudzo zvavanhu.Kunzwisisa aya mashandiro endangariro kunogona kubetsera vavhoti kuziva apo vanenge vachishandiswa zvisina kufanira.

Kungoratidzirwawo Zvakwo

Apo muvhoti anonzwa kutaura kwenhema kakawanda, kunyange mumashoko akapoteredza okunzvera, kutaura kwacho kunoita kuti kutaura kwacho kunzwe kwakarovedzeka zvikuru uye naizvozvo kuve kunodavirika zvikuru. Uku kunozivikanwa setapurowo zvayo yokuratidzirwa. Nzvero yokumanikidza inodzokorora kutaura kwakaipa pamusoro pomuvhoteri, kunyange muchimiro chomubvunzo, inogona kuita kuti kutaura ikoko kuratidzike sezivowo zvayo panosvika mugumo wokudana.

Muuyo Wezvokwadi Yokunyengedzera

Yakasanowirirana zvikuru imuuyo wezvokwadi yokunyepedzera: vanhu sezvingabvira zvikuru vanodavira kutaura kuti ndokwechokwadi kana vakakuwana kare, pasinei zvapo noururami hwako chaihwoihwo. Nzvero dzokumanikidza dzinoshandisa ikoku kupfurikidza nokutaura kwenhema kana kuti kunotsausa mumibvunzo, naizvozvo muvhoti anoshandisa mashoko acho seidi vasati vava nebanza rokuanzvera nenzira yokungwarira.

Kufunga Kwakaipa

Vanhu vanodzorwa kuti vape ngwariro huru kumashoko asina kunaka kupfuura mashoko akanaka. Nzvero inonyandura panikiro pamusoro pomukwikwidzi ’ perero, utano, kana kuti urudzi rwechienzi inogona kusiya murangariro unosarira uyo unoramba kururamiswa. Kunyange kana muvhoti gare gare akadzidza kutaura kwacho kwakanga kuri kwenhema, kuita kwendangariro kwokutanga kungapfuurira, kuchichinja murangariro wavo wose womukwikwidzi.

Kugadzira Nokunamira

Nzvero dzinotsamira pakunyora: nzira iyo mubvunzo unobvunzwa nayo zvimiro izvo mudaviri anofunga pamusoro penhau yacho. Somuenzaniso, kubvunza pamusoro pe “ purofiti yepescial ” mitero yefuremu somutoro, nepo anobvunza pamusoro pe “ purofizitoris ” inodziisa sebetsero. Mibvunzo yokunzvera inosanorongwa kudzosa vavhoti kumhedziso inodikanwa, uye shamhu inogona kumisa kurukurirano dzinotevera nenhau.

Nzira Yokuziva Nayo Kushatisa

Varidzi vejeri vanoda kuzvidzivirira kuti vasavhiyiwa vanogona kutsvaga mireza mitsvuku yakawanda.

  • Muridzi werunhare haagoni kana kuti haasati achizoziva sangano rinotsigira. Vavhotagi vanozivisa nguva dzose ari kubhadhara nokuda kwenzvero. Kana mushanyi akajeka kana kuti akaramba kutaura, sezvingabvira ibvunzo inomanikidzira.
  • Mibvunzo yacho iri kutungamirira kana kuti kutora mashoko asina kunaka. Kana ukakumbirwa kupindura kutaura kwausina kutongonzwa kare, zvikurukuru chimwe chinhu chakaipa pamusoro pomukwikwidziridziri, runhare zvimwe ibvunzo inomanikidzirwa.
  • Kudanidzira kwacho kupfupi zvikuru. Kunzverwa kukurusa kwekusunda kunogara maminiti mashomanene bedzi, nguva refu bedzi yakakwana kusima mirangariro mishomanene yakaipa. Nzvero dzechokwadi dzinowanzotora maminiti 10 kusvikira ku 20 kuunganidza mashoko akakwana.
  • Muenzaniso unonzwa usingamiriri. Kana ukagamuchira nzvero yezvamatongerwe enyika isingabvunzi mibvunzo mikuru yechiverengero chavagari vemo yakadai sezera, mari, kana kuti wirirano yebato, sezvingabvira haisati iri nhamburiko yakakomba yokunzvera.
  • Kudana kunoshandisa mutauro wemirangariro. Mashoko akafanana ne “corrupt, ” “ ane ngozi, ” “ addical, ” kana kuti “un-Melika & ” inozivikanwa navose mukumanikidzira manyoro okunzvera. Mutauro weNeutil ichiratidzo chokunzvera kwenyanzvi.
  • Kushambadza kwokuvhota kwokuvhota kwokumanikidza kazhinji kazhinji kunonangidzira ngwariro pavavhoti mumaruwa amakwikwi. Kana uchigara munzvimbo yehondo, ungangogamuchira idzi runhare.

Kana ukafungidzira kuti wakagamuchira nzvero inomanikidzirwa, unogona kushuma danidzo kuhurumende yako ’ komishinari yesarudzo kana kuti Federal Communications Commission. Nepo kuchengetwa kwapamutemo kwakaganhurirwa, mishumo inogona kubetsera kuziva mitoo ndokuvaka zvinoitika mukurwisana navapari vemhosva vanodzokororwa.

Kufunga Nezvekuchinja

Kushandiswa kwenzvero dzokumanikidza kunomutsa mibvunzo mikuru pamusoro porudzi rwekupesvedzera kwezvamatongerwe enyika nemiganhu yenhimbe inogamuchirika.

Mhosva Yokurambidza Kurambidzwa

Vamwe nyanzvi dzezvamatongerwe enyika vanodzivirira nzvero dzinosunda sechimiro chenzvero ye “ kurongeka kwakananga kuvhota. Vanopikisa kuti vavhoti vanokwanisa kunzvera mashoko nenzira yokusangwarira uye kuti kurambidza kuvhota kungaputsa kutaura kwakasununguka. Uyu murangariro unopa murangariro wokuti kutengeswa kwepfungwa, kwete murairo wehurumende, kunofanira kusarudza kuti imashokoi ezvamatongerwe enyika anowana mubatanidzwa.

Mhosva Dzokudzorera

Vatsoropodzi vanopesana kuti nzvero dzinomanikidzira dzakasiana zvikuru nokunzvera kwokutendeseka nemhaka yokuti dzakavanzwa senzvero isingatori rutivi. Apo muvhoti anodavira kuti vari kutora rutivi mukunzvera, havarindi kunyengetedza, vachiita kuti chimiro chokunyengera chive chinokuvadza nenzira yechienzi. Vatsigiri vanokarakadza kuraira vashanyi kuti vadzore, pakutanga kwokudana, kuti donzo nderokupesvedzera mirangariro, kwete kuunganidza mashoko. Ivo vanotsigirawo kuchengetwa kwakasimba zvikuru kwemitemo yeziviso yazvinoziviswa uye kunzvera kwoutsinye zvikuru kunoitwa namagweta mukuru.

Kuzvidzokorora Pachako Mubhizimisi

Masangano okunzvera ounyanzvi anoverengeka, kubatanidza American Association for Public Opinion Research, akabudisa nhungamiro dzinoshurikidza nzvero dzinomanikidzwa. Idzi nhungamiro dzinokurudzira kuonana zvakanaka, kubvunza mibvunzo isina kusiana, uye kuzivisa mari. Zvisinei, nemhaka yokuti hakuna chiremera chikuru chinodzika mipimo iyi, kubvumirana kunoitwa nokuzvidira, uye mapoka anopinda mukukuchidzira haawanzova mitezo yamasangano aya. Kuzvidzora kwakabvumikisa kuva kusingashandi pakuderedza muitiro wacho.

Kuchinja Kunoitwa neHurumende

Mitezo mishomanene yakagadza mitemo inoraira vanofona vanonzvera kuzivisa sangano rinobhadhara danidzo uye kutaura kuti danidzo haisati iri nzvero yechokwadi yomurangariro. Somuenzaniso, California inoda kuziviswa kwamanyuko okubetsera nokuda kwemazakwatira emari yezvamatongerwe enyika , kunyange zvazvo kuchengetwa kwemitemo kunoramba kuchipesana. Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai saOhio naFlorida, dzakaedza kurondedzera kumanikidza kuvhota zviri pamutemo ndokuisa faindi nokuda kwokupunza. Idzi dzamakuru dzehurumende dzinogovera basa rekudzivirira asi hadzisati dziri mutsivi wemipimo yehurumende yakakwana.

Nguva Yemberi Yezvinhu Zvinoshatisa Munguva Yemadhigirii

Sezvo kurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika inofamba paIndaneti, kunzvera kunowedzera. Zvikamu zvemasangano enhau zvinobatanidza zvinodavirwa nevemakombiyuta “ kushambadza kunobvunza mibvunzo inotungamirira yakagadzirirwa kuumba mirangariro panzvimbo pokuyera. Nhimbe dzemashoko dzamashoko dzinoshandisa nzira dzakafanana, kazhinji kazhinji namabatano ewebsite anounganidza mashoko anoshandiswa paanenge achiparadzira mashoko akaipa. Kuzivikanwa kwemashoko uye kusvika pamadhisikirwo ekombiyuta kunoaita kuti anyanye kuva anokwezva zvikuru kukwidza kupfurikidza nokunzvera runhare kupfuura zvayati yambova.

Kugadzirisa iyi denho kuchada mutoo unodzorwa wakawanda. Zvikamu zvinogona kunatsiridza kuoneka nokuda kuti vashambadziri vezvamatongerwe enyika vazivise mari yavo nevavariro. Vanzveri vanogona kugadzira maturusi okuwana nawo nhimbe dzokunzverera dzakabatana dzakavakirwa pamienzaniso yeshoko nemitoo inodzorwa. Vadzidzisi vanogona kudzidzisa unyanzvi hwokugona kunyora zvinobatsira vavhoti kuziva kuedza kwokushandisa. Kuchinja kungapedzisira kwavapo, asi munguva ino, kuzivikanwa navanhu kunoramba kuri dziviriro inobudirira zvikurusa.

mhedziso

Nzvero dzinomirira imwe yemitoo inotambudza zvikurusa munhimbe yetsika dzazvino uno. Kupfurikidza nokubvisa kupesvedzera kwokunzvera senzvero, vanoshandisa zvisina kufanira vavhoti ’ chivimbo mukuvhota nokusekesa perero yehurukuro yavose. Nzvero dzinovambira muna 2000 kusvikira ku 2020 dzinoratidzira kuti kumanikidza kunzvera chinhu chinopfuurira, chinodzivisa murairo uri nyore. Simba ravo rendangariro nderechokwadi, uye simba ravo rokushatisa sarudzo mumadzinza apedyo rinofanira kudukupiswa.

Kuvavhoti, dziviriro yakanakisisa ingwariro. Kunzwisisa icho nzvero inosunda iri, kuziva zviratidzo zvenyevero, uye kuramba kupinda munhevedzo dzinonyengera kana kuti mashoko kunogona kuderedza kushanda kwavo. Kuvaiti vemiitiro, chinetso chiri kudzikamisa dziviriro dzokutaura dzakasununguka navaparuzhinji ’ inorevesa mashoko akatendeseka. Sezvo unyanzvi hwemichina yemipimo yetsika inopfuurira kushanduka, kudikanwa kwemipimo yetsika yakajeka nemitemo inochengetwa kuchakura bedzi. Munguva ino, mugari wemo ari wose anozivikanwa anogona kuisa dziviriro yepedziso nokuidana kuti ivere kubetsera kudzivirira miitiro yehurumende yehurumende inodzorwa naavo vaidzokororesa.