Kuumbwa Kwoutongi hweAmerica

Hurumende yeUnited States inoshanda mugadziriro yakarongwa yebumbiro remitemo yakaisvonaka inoparadzira chiremera mumasangano akawanda, mwero, uye vatambi. ichi chirongwa chakagadzirwa namaune muna 1787 kudzivisa kuiswa kwesimba nepo kuchigonesa utungamiriri hworudzi hunobudirira. Nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzi, vadzidzisi, uye vagari vemo vakaronzeswa, kunzwisisa tsika ino kunokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvemitemo zvinoitwa sei, kuti mitemo inoita sei, uye kuti maruramiro avanhu anodzivirirwa sei.

Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rinobatira somutemo mukurusa wenyika, richitanga nheyo dzinokosha dzinotungamirira chiito chehurumende yose. Rinoparira riphabliki umo vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vanomirira vanhu, rinoparira rusununguko rwomunhu oga kupfurikidza neBill of Rights, uye rinogovera miitiro yokugadziridza nokuchinja nokufamba kwenguva. Gadziriro yakabuda muConstitution yeConstitution muPhiladelphia inodzikamisa fariro dzinokwikwikwidzana: hurumende huru dzinopesana nehurumende duku, chiremera chehurumende chinopesana nouchangamire hwehurumende, uye maruramiro mazhinjisa anorwisana nekodzero dzechikamuduku.

Kunzwisisa uku kudzora nhau nemhaka yokuti kunotapura zvakananga rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hweAmerica — kubva pamugariro wemigwagwa nezvikoro kusvikira kuchengeteko yorudzi nomuitiro wezvemari. Apo vagari vemo vanonzwisisa kuti hurumende yavo inoshanda sei, vanogona kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira zvikuru mumuitiro wehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, vanorangarira vakuru vakuru vanozvidavirira, uye vanotsigira chinjo ine revo.

Mapazi Matatu eHurumende

Hurumende yeU.S. yakakamurwa kuva mapazi matatu akaenzana: Legislative, Gurukota, uye Juji. Uku kuparadzana kwamasimba kunovimbisa kuti hakuna sangano rimwe rinogona kudzora mamwe. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rine mitoro yakasiana yebumbiro remitemo, uye rimwe nerimwe rinogona kunzvera simba rerimwe. Iyi tsika yechiremera chinoparadzirwa ikoshesa rehurumende ye Amereka yehurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji.

Bazu Romutemo

Dare reMitemo reSangano reMitemo, rakaumbwa neChikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo, rine mutoro wokuita mitemo yehurumende. Rinoumbwa namakamuri maviri anoumba pamwe chete United States Congress. Ichi chivako chabimeral chakanga chiri kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira pakati pehurumende huru, idzo dzaida kumirira kwakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo, uye nyika duku, izvo zvaida kumirirwa kwakaenzana.

  • Imba yeVamiririri: Imba yakaderera ine mitezo inovhota ine zvigaro 435 zvinogoverwa pakati penyika dzakavakirwa pavagari vemo sezvakasarudzwa nechiverengero chavagari vemo chegore negore. Mumiriri mumwe nomumwe anobatira shoko ramakore maviri, achiita kuti imba ive imba inogamuchira zvakananga zvikuru kumurangariro wavose. Vamiririri vanofanira kuva namakore 25 okukura, mugari wemo weU.S. kwamakore manomwe, uye mugari wenyika yavanomirira. Imba ine simba chairo rokutanga mabhii uye kudzosa vakuru vakuru vehurumende, kubatanidza Purezidhendi.
  • Sarudzo: Dare rapamusoro rinoumbwa na100 vagari vemo, nehurumende imwe neimwe ine kodzero kuvagari vaviri pasinei zvapo navanhu vagari vemo. Vagari vanobatira mipimo yegore matanhatu, neanenge chikamu chimwe chetatu cheDare rinokwidzwa nokuda kwokusarudza makore maviri ari ose. Iyi purogiramu yeSarudzo inokatyamadzwa inogovera kupfuurira nokutsiga. Masangano anofanira kuva namakore anenge 30 okukura, mugari wemo weU.S. kwamakore mapfumbamwe, uye mugari wenyika anomirira. Dare rinova nesimba chairo rokusimbisa kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi uye kunyoresa, rinogovera chiverengero chikuru chamatatu chinobvuma.

Dare rine masimba anonyorwa muChikamu I, Chikamu 8, kubatanidza simba rokubhadhara mutero, kukwereta mari, kudzora kutengeserana kwenyika, kuzivisa hondo, kusimudza nokutsigira, uye kutanga mahofisi apasi pepositi. Dare rinonzi Idict and Seant Clausle, rinopawo Dare chiremera chokuita mitemo inodikanwa kuzivisa masimba aro akarongwa, kuchiparira kuchinja migariro inochinja.

Muitiro wemitemo unovamba zvikuru apo mutezo unosuma mutezo murutivi rumwe norumwe. Mutezo ipapo unofambira kuhwirudzura dare, kurukurirano yapauriri, uye kuvhota. Kuti mutemo uve mutemo, unofanira kupfuura makamuri ose ari maviri muchimiro chimwe chetecho ndokusainwa naPurezidhendi. Kana Purezidhendi akasaina mutezo, Musangano unogona kukurira vhoti ne3 mudzimba dzose.

Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri

Bazu roMutungamiriri, rakatangwa neChikamu II cheBumbiro reMitemo, rine mutoro wokusimbisa nokushandisa mitemo yehurumende. Rinotungamirirwa naPurezidhendi weUnited States, uyo anobatira zvose zviri zviviri somusoro wenyika nomusoro wehurumende.

  • Presidenti: Purezidhendi anosarudzwa nokuda kweshoko ramakore mana kupfurikidza nogadziriro yeElectoral College uye anoganhurirwa kumashoko maviri pasi pe 22Pramendement. Purezidhendi anoshanda saMutungamiriri-Inin-Kefence weMasimba eChombo, ane simba rokupa reprievres uye kukanganwira nokuda kwemhosva dzehurumende, kuwirirana namamwe marudzi, uye anogadza vatongi vehurumende, vamiririri, uye vakuru vakuru vedhipatime namasangano vane zano regore negore reSangano uye dare reSangano reUnity mumigariro inoshamisa.
  • Mutungamiriri wePurezidhendi anosarudzwa patikiti rimwe chetero naPurezidhendi uye anobatira saPurezidhendi weDare, achivhota zvivhoti zvechisungo apo zvinenge zviri madikanwa. Mutungamiriri weSangano rePurezidhendi ndiye wokutanga mumutsara woupurezidhendi wenhevedzano uye anotora purezidhendi kana Purezidhendi akafa, akarega basa, kana kuti akabviswa pahofisi.
  • Cabinet: Kabhinet inobatanidza Mutungamiriri weSanihesi navakuru vemadhipatimendi 15 anotarisira, zvakadai seHurumende, Treasurer, Defense, Justice, uye Education. Mitezo yeKibhini inogadzwa naPurezidhendi ndokusimbiswa neDare. Inoshanda savakuru vamadhipati adzo.

Bazu reGumi reBazi rinobatanidzawo masangano akawanda ehurumende, mahofisi anoshandisa mapurogiramu akati nemirairo. Aya anobatanidza Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Reserve Board, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, uye Social Security Administration. Office of Management and Drugment inobetsera Purezidhendi mukugadzirira bhajeti remari yesangano rehurumende nokutarisira kushanda kwesangano.

Purezidhendi anoshandisa pesvedzero huru pahurumende yehurumende kupfurikidza nemirairo yavakuru vakuru, iyo ine simba romutemo asi inofanira kudzika midzi muchiremera chemitemo chiripo kana kuti simba rebumbiro remitemo. mirairo yechiremera inobvumira Purezidhendi kutungamirira mabasa ehurumende pasina bvumirano yehurumende, kunyange zvazvo inogona kudenhwa mudare kana kuti kuchinjwa nehurumende dzinotevera.

Bazu Rokutonga

Bazu Rokutonga, rakatangwa neChikamu III cheBumbiro reMitemo, rinodudzira mitemo yehurumende uye rinoivimbisa kuva inowirirana nenheyo dzebumbiro remitemo. Rinoumbwa negadziriro yavakuru vakuru vematare ehurumende, neDare Rapamusorosoro papfundo raro guru.

  • Dare reMitemo reProfesi: Dare rapamusoro zvikurusa muUnited States rinoumba ruramisiro pfumbamwe; Ruramisiro Yoga yoga uye Vatongi vasere vanowirirana. Ruramisiro inogadzwa naPureziridhe ndokusimbiswa naDare, inobatira kugadzwa kwoupenyu hwose mukati momufambiro wakanaka. Nguva ino ino unodzipa dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika uye inochengeta kuzvitonga. Dare rapamusoro rine chiremera chapakuvamba pamusoro penhau dzinobatanidza vamiririri namasangano enyika, asi basa raro rinokosha zvikurusa ndiro rinodzora, rinonzwa zvikumbiro zvapamubatanidzwa wedare rehurumende dzapasi pevhuro nematare makurusati.
  • Dare reruwa rinobata mhaka dzose dzevagari vemo nedzeutsotsi dzinoparirwa nomutemo wehurumende: Dare rehurumende rinobatanidza matare 94 eruwa, ayo ari matare okutonga apo mhaka dzinovamba, uye matare 13 ezvikumbiro, anonzwa zvikumbiro zvinobva kumatare eruwa. matare eruwa anobata nhau dzose dzevagari vemo nedzeutsotsi dzinoparirwa nomutemo wehurumende. Matare okukwirira, anonziwo matare eruwa, anohwirudzurawo zvisarudzo zvedare redare renhau nokuda kwemhoshoo dzapamutemo asi haaiti matare matsva. Dare reZvikwiro zveFedera Rinodzora nhau dzechienzi dzinobatanidza zviremera zvehurumende, kutengeserana kwemarudzi ose, uye zvibvumirano zvehurumende.
  • Matare akarongwa: Dare rakagadzwa kuti ribate matare akananga anobata marudzi akati enhau, kubatanidza Dare reTrusa reU.S., Dare rePrefederal Ayati, Dare reInternational Trade, uye Dare reUnited States reZvikumbiro zveMauto.

Simba rehwirudzuro yokutonga — chiremera chokuzivisa mitemo kana kuti zviito zvechiremera zvisingawirirani nemitemo — rakatangwa muchinoitika chenhau cha 1803 Marbury v. Madison. Iri simba rinoita kuti mutongi ave nzvero ine simba pamamwe mapazu, kunyange zvazvo matare anoshandisa kudzora kupfurikidza nokusarudza mhaka chaidzoidzo nenharo, kwete mibvunzo inofungidzirwa.

Gadziriro Yemakeja Nedzikamo

Mashandiro anoita bazi rimwe nerimwe rehurumende kuti risawane simba rakanyanya uye simba rokushandira pamwe mumapazi.

  • .Ikomu yedare rinodzora ringakurira dare raPurezidhendi yePurezidhendi yeSangano rePurezidhendi nembiri dzezvikamu zviviri mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Dare rinosimbisa kana kuti kuramba kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi uye rinoita kuti zvibvumirano zvive zvamabhirikiti. Dare rinodzora bhajeti rehurumende uye rinogona kuramba kubhadharira mari yezvirongwa zvokutungamirira. Imba inogona kudzosa Purezidhendi, Purezidhendi, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende nokuda kwokupandukira, chioko, kana kuti mhosva dzakakwirira uye dzinokanganisa; Dare ipapo rinoita kuti vakuru vakuru vatorwe uye rinogona kubvisa dare pachishandiswa mavhoti maviri. Dare rinogonawo kunzvera zviito zvokutungamirira kupfurikidza nokuteerera uye mabhina.
  • .Legislative Checks pa Judia: Congress inosarudza ukuru hweDare rapamusorosoro uye chivako chematare ehurumende yakaderera. Dare rinosimbisa kana kuti kuramba maminei. Dare rinogona kukarakadza kugadziridza kwebumbiro remitemo kuti ripedze zvisarudzo zveDare Gurusa. Congress inogonawo kushatisa vatongi vomubatanidzwa nokuda kwomufambiro usina kururama.
  • Mitemo Nzvero paMasimba: Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kupfuudza mari yezvikwereti zvinopfuudzwa neCongress, kunyange zvazvo kudzora kuchida vhoti yezvitatu zviviri. Mutungamiriri wePrezidhendi anogona kudana kuti Congress ipinde musangano chaiwo uye anogona kukarakadza mutemo. Mutungamiriri weSangano anogona kudzosa mavhoti muDare.
  • Mutevedzeri Anonzvera paJudia: Mutungamiriri wehurumende anotonga vatongi vehurumende, kubatanidza vatongi veDare Gurusa. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anogona kupa kudzorwa nokukanganwirwa kwemhaka dzehurumende, idzo dzinogona kushandura nenzira inobudirira mitongo yedare. Mutungamiriri weProfesi anorairidza Dhipatimendi reRuramisiti panhau dzokuronda.
  • [[[FUT:0] judicial Checks paLegistration: Matare anogona kurova mitemo seisinowirirana kupfurikidza nehwirudzuro yedare. Vatongi veFederal vanobatira kugadzwa kwoupenyu hwose, kuidzivirira padzvinyiriro yemitemo.
  • Dare reJudicial Checks pa Hurusarudzo: Dare rinogona kuzivisa zviito zvokutungamirira zvisingawirirani nomutemo wehurumende kana kuti zvinopesana nomutemo wehurumende. Matare anogona kupa mirairo yokudzivisa zviito zvehurumende. Dare Rapamusorosoro rine shoko rokupedzisira pamusoro pomufambiro wapurezidhendi.

Vamiririri vaifunga kuti kupesana uku kwaizodzivirira rusununguko nokuita kuti zviomere boka ripi neripi kutora udzori hwehurumende yose.

Kushanda Muchishandirapamwe Nokukamukana Kwesimba

Kushanda kwehurumende inodzora kunoitwa nebumbiro remitemo resimba pakati pehurumende yenyika nehurumende dzehurumende.

Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa hurumende yenyika masimba akati anodudzwa, nepo ichichengeta mamwe masimba ose kuhurumende kana kuti kuvanhu kupfurikidza nePendement yechi 10.

  • Masimba eHurumende yorudzi: Hurumende yehurumende yehurumende inobata nhau dzorudzi, kubatanidza dziviriro, nhau dzokumwe, kutama, kutengeserana kwenyika, kubhuroka, zvibvumirano nezvinobudisirwa pamutemo, uye mabasa epositi. Supremacy Claus inosimbisa kuti mutemo wehurumende unotora nzvimbo yokutanga pamutemo wehurumende unorwisana apo Congress inoshanda mukati mechiremera chayo chebumbiro-mitemo.
  • State Government Masimba eHurumende: nyika dzinotarisira nhau dzomunzvimbomo, kubatanidza dzidzo, utano hwavanhu vose, zvokufambisa, kuchengetwa kwomutemo woutsotsi, mutemo wezvinhu, mutemo wemhuri, uye kudzorwa kwenyanzvi. Hurumende imwe neimwe ine bumbiro rayo remitemo, remitemo, gavhuna, uye gadziriro yedare.
  • Masimba azvino uno: Zvose zviri zviviri hurumende dzenyika nehurumende zvinogona kushandisa masimba akati panguva imwe cheteyo, kubatanidza simba rokutera mutero, kukwereta mari, kutanga matare, kudzika mitemo, uye kudzora kubhangi.

Nyika yehurumende yeUnited States yakatanga kutsigira hurumende mbiri, ine mitsetse yakajeka pakati pechiremera chenyika nehurumende. New Deal zera rakaunza hurumende dzinoshandira pamwe, umo hurumende dzenyika nehurumende dzakashanda pamwe chete nenzira inowedzera pavavariro dzemitemo dzakagoveranwa. Zvisarudzo zvedare, kupa zvirongwa, uye mirau yehurumende zvakakudza chiremera chenyika munharaunda dzakadai sekodzero dzevanhu, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, uye kutarisirwa kwoutano.

Kusawirirana pakati pesimba renyika nerehurumende kunoramba kuri chinhu chikuru cheAmerica.Magakava eContemporary pamusoro pehurumende anobatanidza nhau dzakadai sokunyoreswa kwembanje pamutemo, kuchengetwa kwevatami, kutarisirwa kwezvoutano, uye mipimo yedzidzo. Hurumende dzinowanzobatira semarabhoritari ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, dzichiedza miitiro mitsva isati yapararira munyika yose.

Mitambo Yezvamatongerwe Enyika Negadziriro Yokusarudza

Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika haadudzwi muBumbiro reMitemo, bva akava anokosha kukudzora kweAmerica. Gadziriro ine zvikamu zviviri, inodzorwa neDemocratic Party neRepublicaan Party, inoumba nzira iyo vanoda kubhapatidzwa nayo, nzira iyo nhimbe dzinoitwa nayo, uye kuti hurumende inoshanda sei.

Parti yeDemocratic: Kazhinji kazhinji yakabatanidzwa nenzvimbo dzinofambira mberi nedzakasununguka, Dhemocratic Party inotsigira basa guru nokuda kwehurumende munharaunda dzakadai sezvoutano, dzidzo, dziviriro yemhoteredzo, uye garikano yenzanga. Democrat anokombamira kukuda mitero yakakwirira pavanhu vakapfuma namasangano kutsigira mapurogiramu avose, uye vanosimbisa kodzero dzevagari vemo, kodzero dzebasa, uye dziviriro dzavatengi.

Republican Party: Kazhinji kazhinji] Vakabatanidzwa nenzvimbo dzetsika dzakaganhurirwa, Republican Party vatsigiri vehurumende yakaganhurirwa, mitero yakaderera, miitiro yemari yapachena, uye dziviriro yenyika yakasimba. Republicas vanowanzosimbisa mutoro womunhu oga, hurumende &’ kodzero, uye mipimo yetsika dzetsika. Vatsigiri vanotsigira kubviswa kwebhizimisi negadziriro dzehurumende dzakarevesa.

Gadziriro yesarudzo muUnited States yakaoma uye inodzorwa zvakanaka. Sarudzo dzinoitika makore maviri ari ose, apo zvigaro zvose zvedzimba 435 uye zvinenge zvigaro zveDare zvinokwikwidzwa. Sarudzo yaPrezidhendi inoitwa makore mana ari ose, anohwina akasarudzwa kwete nevhoti yakakurumbira asi neElectoral College. Hurumende imwe neimwe inowana vhoti dzinosarudzwa dzakaenzana nemhiko yose yadzo yedare, uye mutendi anoda mavhoti 270 anosarudza kuti ahwinzvere purezidhendi.

Sarudzo dzehurumende nedzemunzvimbomo dzavatongi, vaiti vemitemo, vanameya, uye madare emanisiparati dzinoitika parudungwe rwakasiana - siana.

Kodzero dzekuvhota dzakawedzera zvikuru kubvira panguva yakatanga mavambo.Pendezhe ye15 yakarambidza rusaruro rwedzinza mukuvhota, Shanduro yechi19 yakapa vakadzi kodzero yokuvhota, permendement yechi24 yakadzima mitero yokuvhota, uye Dare rechi26 rakaderedza zera rokuvhota kuva 18. The Voting Rights Act ya1965, rinodzivirirazve vamwe vavhoti vashoma nokurambidza kuvhota. Kukakavadzana pamusoro pekodzero dzokuvhota kunobatanidza nhau dzakadai semitemo yokusarudza, kunyoresa, kutora tsamba kwokutanga, uye miitiro yokuvhota.

Gadziriro Ye Amendeji uye Chinjo Yebumbiro remitemo

Bumbiro reMitemo rinobatanidza mutoo wetsika unobvumira chinjo apo inoda bvumirano huru. Kugadziridzwa kunogona kukarakadzwa kupfurikidza nevhoti yedzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzeCongress kana kuti zvimwe nekokorodzano inodanwa namadivi maviri edziviri emitemo. Kurenda kunoda mvumo nedzitatu dzemitemo kana kuti nekokorodzano dzehurumende, sezvinosarudza Congress.

Kugadziridza zvinhu gumi kwokutanga, kunozivikanwa seBill of Rights, kwakatenderwa muna 1791 ndokuvimbisa rusununguko runokosha kubatanidza rusununguko rwokutaura, rworudzidziso, uye rwegungano; kodzero yokutakura zvombo; dziviriro pakutsvaka kusina mufungo uye kunzverwa; uye maruramiro okutongwa nenzira yakarurama.

Kugadziriswa kwakatevera kwakabvisa uranda, kwakavimbisa kudzivirirwa kwakaenzana mumutemo, kwakabvumira mitero inofambira mberi, kwakagoverwa nokuda kwokusarudzwa kwedare rehurumende, uye kwakagadza miganhu yeshoko nokuda kwoupurezidhendi. The Aumetic Rights Amendment, iyo yaizodai yakavimbisa kodzero dzakaenzana pasinei zvapo nevatano, yakakarakadzwa asi haina kutongosimbiswa nehurumende dzakakwana.

Kupfuura chinjo dzemitemo, Bumbiro reMitemo rinochinja kupfurikidza nokududzira kwedare, chiito chomutemo, uye muitiro unotsinhirana. zvisarudzo zveDare Gurusa zvinodudzirazve gadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo kupedza migariro mitsva, nepo Congress inopa mitemo inosanorongwa panheyo dzebumbiro remitemo. iyi chinjo dzamasanga dzinobvumira Bumbiro remitemo kuchinjira pasina kuraira mutoo wakaoma wokugadziridza.

Mugari Wemo Anoitawo Basa uye Mutoro

Vagari vemo vanogona kutaura nevakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, kupinda misangano, kushanda mumatare ehurumende, kuzvipira kuita masangano ezvematongerwo enyika, kupa mipiro yokutsigira, uye kupindira mukurwisana nerugare uye kutsigira hurumende.

Rusununguko rwezvinobudisa nhau norusununguko rwokutaura, runodzivirirwa neFirst Amendment, runoita kuti vagari vemo vakwanise kuwana mashoko uye kutaura maonero avo pasina kuongororwa nehurumende.

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi navadzidzi, gadziriro yehurumende inonzwisisa inhano yokutanga bedzi. Kushandisa iyi zivo kupfurikidza nemifananidzo yekirasi, zvirongwa zvekurukurirano, hurumende yavadzidzi, uye zvirongwa zvokudzidza basa zvinokudziridza unyanzvi hunoshanda hunodikanwa nokuda kwougari hunobudirira. Programu dzinodzidzisa kurava nokunyora mashoko dzinobetsera vagari vemo kunzvera manyuko emashoko uye kuziva mashoko asina kururama.

Utano hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica hunotsamira pachizvarwa chimwe nechimwe ’ musengwa wokunzwisisa nokutora rutivi mumuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika. Apo vagari vemo vanonzwisisa gadziriro ye’ inogadzirwa, vanogona kushandisa zviri nani kuoma kwayo ndokushandira kuvandudzwa kunowirirana nemipimo yavo.

Kuenzanisa U.S. Nedzimwe Nyika Dzinotonga

Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kunogovera murangariro pamusoro pokudzora kweAmerica uye kunosimbisa zvisarudzo zviri mugadziriro yebumbiro remitemo.

Kusafanana nemiitiro yeparamende, yakadai seiyo iri muUnited Kingdom, Canada, uye Germany, U.S. inoparadzanisa mapazu ehurumende nemitemo. Mumiitiro yeparamende, mutungamiriri wehurumende anosarudzwa mubato gurusa mudare uye anogona kubviswa kupfurikidza nevhoti yokusavimba. Uku kubatanidzwa kwamasimba kazhinji kazhinji kunogonesa chiito chokuisa mitemo nokukurumidza zvikuru asi kunonangidzira ngwariro zvikuru kuchiremera.

Gadziriro yapurezidhendi weU.S. inoratidzira mukuru mukuru akasarudzwa akaparadzana ane nhambo yakatsiga, achiparira dzikamo huru zvikuru asiwo bviro yokufa apo purezidhendi neCongress zvinodzorwa namapoka akasiana - siana. Kukwanisa kwaPurezidhendi kuisa mutemo neDare ’ simba rokudzivisa kugadza nezvibvumirano zvinoparira mitsetse mizhinji inogona kunonotsa chiito chehurumende.

Nyika idzi dzinoparadzanisawo chiremera pakati pehurumende dzenyika nehurumende dzenharaunda, kunyange zvazvo zvitsaurwa zvakati zvichisiyana.Germany ’ masangano ehurumende anopa masimba makuru kuL¨nder, nepo India ’s tsika inobvumira hurumende yenyika kukurira hurumende dzenyika mumigariro yakati.

Gadziriro yepamativi maviri eU.S. inosiana negadziriro dzamativi mazhinji dzinozivikanwa muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu. Gadziriro dzemireza munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope dzinobvumira mapoka maduku kuwina zvigaro zvemitemo, kuchitungamirira kuhurumende dzakabatanidzwa. Gadziriro yoruwa yeU.S. nenzvimbo yokutanga yechiratidzo yeProto yokutanga inotsigira zvakasimba mapoka makuru maviri, achiparira kumira kwakadzikama zvikuru asi kwakasiana zvikuru.

Kuenzanisa uku kunoratidza kuti hapana muenzaniso mumwe chete wehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu wakakwirira munyika yose. Gadziriro imwe neimwe inoratidzira nhau yayo, mipimo, uye migariro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Gadziriro yeU.S., nesimbiso yayo pacheki, ganhuriro, uye udzori, zvinodzivisa udzvinyiriri kupfuura kusvika simba — chisarudzo chamaune chavagadziri vamapurani avo vanopfuurira kuumba utongi hweAmerica nhasi.