Kutanga: Kugadzirwa Kune Simba Kwekudzivirirwa Nevanhu Vane Rusununguko Rwavagari Vemo

Federalism muUnited States inoumba gadziriro ine mhesano uye pane dzimwe nguva inoparira rwisano nokuda kwokudzivirira rusununguko rwavagari vemo. Nemhaka yokuti zvose zviri zviviri hurumende yenyika nehurumende zvine chiremera chaidzo, kodzero chaidzoidzo idzo munhu anadzo dzinogona kutsamira pakwaanogara uye kana mutemo wehurumende kana kuti wehurumende uchifanira kuva nenzvimbo yokutanga mumashoko akapoteredza. Iyi rondedzero haisati iri yefungidziro yezvomenedzo yezuva riri rose; inoumba zvinhu chaizvoizvo zvezuva riri rose munharaunda dzakadai sokutaura kwakasununguka, kushandisa kworudzidziso, maruramiro okubereka, kuvhota, uye kuva woga. Nokuda kwavadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye vagari vemo, kunzwisisa kuti mitemo yehurumende inokosha sei nokuda kwokufambisa nzvimbo yemitemo nerevedzoro yerusununguko rwapamutemo uye kudzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu.

Bumbiro reBumbiro reMitemo, zvikurukuru Bhii gurukota rekodzero, rinogadza uriri hwedziviriro husingatongovi nemwero wehurumende. Bva mabumbiro emitemo, mirau, uye rondedzero dzinotonga kazhinji kazhinji zvinopa dziviriro idzodzo kana kuti kupa zvimwe zvirongwa. Ukama pakati peidzi nzvimbo mbiri dzomutemo hunorondedzerwa neSupremacy Claus, dzidziso yekuva pamwe chete, uye nheyo dzechiremera chakabatana. Nyaya inonzvera nheyo yedziviriro yerusununguko rwavagari vemo muUnited States, mabasa akasiyana ehurumende nehurumende, miitiro inodzora kubatana kwavo, uye kusawirirana kunopfuurira.

Fandesheni yeBumbiro reMitemo Yokusunungurwa Kwevagari Vemo

Bhuku Rekodzero Neganhuriro Dzepakuvamba

Kugadziridzwa kwegumi kwokutanga kuBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., rakatenderwa muna 1791, pakutanga rakanzwisiswa kuva rinoganhurira bedzi masimba ehurumende yehurumende. Gamende yokutanga inorambidza kuita mitemo yokuti rusununguko rwokutaura, rudzidziso, pepanhau, kana kuti chikumbiro. Remendement yeChina inorambidza kunzvera kwehurumende nepfari. Gamende Resimende inovimbisa muitiro wapamutemo nekodzero dzakarurama. Panguva yezvakagadziriswa, hurumende dzakanga dzisingasungirwi negadziriro idzi, kureva kuti hurumende ingagona, kuvamba rudzidziso rwehurumende, murondedzero, kutanga rudzidziso rwehurumende kana kuti kutaura kwepamutemo pasina kuputsa Bumbiro remitemo.

Iyi ganhuriro yakaratidzira chiono chavagadziri vegadziriro yehurumende umo nyika dzakachengeta masimba makuru amapurisa ndokubatira sedziviriro huru dzerusununguko rwavagari vemo vadzo. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvisinei, Iwenath Amendment yakashandura zvikurukuru iyi gadziriro.

Kuchinja Kwechigumi Negumi Negumi Nokusawirirana

Kusimbiswa muna 1868 pashure peHondo yeChiviri cheNyika, Indaneti yakatanga mitongo mitsva inotsoropodza pasimba rehurumende. Roodomas kana kuti maImmonity Claus, Claus Ecode, uye Exfle Procement Claus yakaita mutoo wokushandisa nawo kodzero dzemitemo yehurumende mukurwisana nehurumende. Dare Gurusa reChirungu rakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma dzidziso yokusarudza, richirangarira kuti Gwendero Rekodzero reAdneth Classiase reMitejimende rinogadzira gadziriro dzakawanda dzeBill of Rights edrogist.

Kupfurikidza nenhevedzano yenhau dzinoparirwa muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, Dare rakabatanidza inenge dziviriro dzose muBill of Rights, kubatanidza kutaura kwakasununguka ([[FLT: 0] Gitrow v. New York], 1925, rusununguko rwechidhindo ([[[FLT:]]]] Neminero. Minnesota[[[FLT]]]] [3], 1931], maruramiro okupa zano ([[FLT:]] Geon. [GON] v.[FLT]],[FLT]],[5]], 1963], dziviriro pa-innum'intion [idzo]) inova pasi perevo].

Dziviriro Dzomutemo Dzinopfuura Bumbiro Remitemo

Kunyange zvazvo Bumbiro Remitemo richitanga nheyo, Dare rakagadza mitemo yakawanda inochengetedzazve rusununguko rwevagari vemo nekodzero dzevanhu.

Mutemo Wa 1964 Wekodzero Dzevanhu

Chibvumirano cheChivil Rights Act cha1946 chiri pakati pemirau yehurumende inovapo inodzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu nokuenzana. Musoro II unorambidza rusaruro mudzimba dzavose pahwaro hwedzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, kana kuti mavambo orudzi. Umutwe VII unorambidza rusaruro rwebasa rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, kana kuti mavambo enyika uye yakadudzirwa kutambanudzira dziviriro pakunetswa kwevatano uye, mumitemo yakatanhamara, rusarura rwakavakirwa pachiratidzo chevatano nechiratidzo chevatano (Boslock v. Clayton County[F:1], 2020).

Murayiro Wokutsigira Kodzero Wa1965

Voing Rights Act (VRA) chishandiso chine simba chehurumende chokudzivirira maruramiro makuru okuvhota. Chikamu 2 chinorambidza miitiro yokuvhota inoguma norusaruro rwedzinza, nepo Chikamu 5 chenhau chaida mativi akati nenhau yorusaruro kuti awane pamutemo wehurumende pamberi pokuchinja mitemo yavo yeSangano. Kunyange zvazvo chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa re 2013 mu Shelby County v. Raker yakabvisa nzira yokufukidza nayo inonyandura nguva isati yatanga kusarudzwa, VRA inoramba iri yakafanira, uye Dare rinochengeta chiremera chokuvandudza nzira. United States nemitemo inoganhurira inofanira kudzivirira mitemo iyoyo pasi pechikamu 2, kutungamirira kuidzo inoenderera mberi kuruwa.

Mimwe Mitemo Mikuru

Kupfuura zviito zvekodzero dzavagari vemo zvinooneka, mutemo wehurumende unogovera dziviriro munharaunda dzakawanda dzokuwedzera. VaAmerica vane Diccument Act (1990) vanorambidza rusaruro pavanhu vane urema mumabasa, mabasa avose, uye pokugara. Fair Howation Act (1968) inorambidza kusarurana kwakavakirwa parudzi, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, mugariro wedzinza, mavambo orudzi, uye urema. Freedom of Information Act (196666) uye Freebustocy Act (19974) inotanga ungwariro nedziviriro dzakavanzika pamusoro pemasangano ehurumende. Iyi mitemo inoumba uriri hwehurumende hunoita kuti huwedzere asi husaderera.

Dziviriro Dzenzvimbo yeHurumende: Masangano Orusununguko

Hurumende dzehurumende hadzisati dzichingoshandisawo zvavo mipimo yehurumende; ivo zviremera zvakazvimirira zvine chiremera chokuwedzera rusununguko rwavagari vemo munzira dzinopfuura ganhuriro dzehurumende. Mutongi Louis Brandeis anorondedzerwa nenzira yakakurumbira samasangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu," uye uku kunzvera kwakakodzera zvikurukuru nokuda kwerusununguko rwavagari vemo.

Mitemo yeHurumende Samanyuko Anozvimirira Ekodzero

Bumbiro remitemo rehurumende riri rose rine mutemo wekodzero kana kuti ziviso dzekodzero dzinodzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu. Iyi dziviriro yenzvimbo yehurumende inogona kuva yakakura zvikuru kupfuura yadzo dzehurumende. Somuenzaniso, nepo First Amendment ichirambidza kutangwa kworudzidziso, mamwe mabumbiro emitemo ane gadziriro dzakajeka pamusoro porusununguko rwechitendero dzinopfuura. Kutsvaka kwehurumende negadziriro dzokutora zvinhu zvakavanzika kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvinogovera dziviriro huru zvikuru kupfuura Simba reFreadterment. Dare reCalifornia, somuenzaniso, rinobatanidza kodzero yokuvandikano iyo matare ehurumende akadudzira nenzira inodzosera zvakanaka, achitambanudza dziviriro kupfuura jurisprustrudence.

Dare rehurumende rinowanzovimba nezvikonzero zvehurumende zvinozvimirira uye zvakakwana" kuti ridudzire mabumbiro avo emitemo seanogovera rusununguko rwakawanda kupfuura Dare Gurusa reU.S. rakaziva pasi peBumbiro reMitemo. Uku muitiro unobvumira nyika kudzivirira kodzero kunyange apo dziviriro dzehurumende dzinodzorwa. Pashure pa Dobs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization [2022] yakadzorera mutemo wokubvisa pamuviri kumitengo, matare makuru anoverengeka anodudzira kuva apamutemo kana kuti gadziriro dzinosunungura kudzivirira kusvika kwebumbiro remitemo, achiratidzira ukoshi hwemutemo wemitemo yemitemo yehurumende muPFT][FLT][F:2] . [FLT]]

Mitemo yeHurumende Inokudza Rusununguko Rwavagari Vemo

Hurumende dzinogadzawo mitemo inosimudzira maruramiro avanhu. Mukushayikwa kwemitemo yehurumende inodzivirira vatano nezivikanwo yavanhu vose yevatano, nyika dzakawanda dzakaita mitemo inorambidza rusaruro mumabasa, dzimba, uye pokugara vanhu panzvimbo idzodzo. Kuwedzera kwemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, hurumende dzine mitemo yakadaro, nepo dzimwe dzisina dziviriro dzakajeka. Nenzira yakafanana, mitemo yesangano rehurumende yakavanzika, yakadai seLincounsury Commission Act (CPA), inogovera kodzero dzemitezo yenhau yenhau isina pamutemo. Hurumende dzakaitawo kuti bhokisi re "bhan" riidze kubvunza pamusoro penhau youtsotsi mumafomu, uye "mireza" mitemo inobvumira kubviswa kwechinguvana pfuti yepfumbadzo panjodzi.

Kusiyana - siyana kwezviito zvehurumende kunoratidza zvose zviri zviviri chipikirwa nedenho younani. Vagari vomunyika dzakati vanofarikanya dziviriro dzakasimba dzinopfuura zvikuru mupimo wehurumende, nepo vamwe vangawana kuti mitemo yehurumende yavo inokundikana kupfuura mwero uyo vatsigiri vanorangarira kuva uri madikanwa.

Mubatanidzwa Wemagariro Evanhu: Nzira Iyo Mitemo Yehurumende Nehurumende Yakapindirana Nayo

Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo yehurumende neyehurumende inoshanda sei kunoda kunzvera nheyo dzamabumbiro emitemo dzinoverengeka dzinodzora ukama hwavo.Idzi nheyo dzinosarudza apo mutemo womubatanidzwa unoputsa mutemo wehurumende, apo hurumende dzingawedzera dziviriro dzomubatanidzwa, uye nzira iyo rwisano dzinopedzwa nayo.

Mutambo Wokuzvitutumadza waClaus uye Kusunungurwa

Chikamu VI cheBumbiro reMitemo chinosimbisa kuti mutemo wehurumende ndi "mutemo mukuru weNyika," uye kuti vatongi muhurumende iri yose vanosungwa nawo, "Chipi nechipi muBumbiro remitemo kana kuti Mitemo ipi neipi yeHurumende kupesana napanzvimbo ipi neipi. Chikamu cheSupremacy Claus chinoreva kuti apo mutemo wehurumende kana kuti gadziriro yemitemo inopesana nomutemo wenyika, mutemo wehurumende unovapo. Iyi nheyo yokudzinga inova zvimiro zvinoverengeka. Kusunungura kunoitika apo Congress inodudza zvakajeka vavariro yayo yokubvisa mutemo wenyika munharaunda yakati. Inoshandisa precustorition inomuka apo inovara zvikuru mutemo wehurumende unova nomutemo wehurumende, kana kuti apo mutemo unorwisana zvakananga nezvinodikanwa zvomubatanidzwa.

Nyongodzo ibakatwa rinokomberedzwa nekaviri nokuda kwerusununguko rwevagari vemo. Inogona kudzivisa miganhu inoita kuti mitemo inoputsa mipimo yebumbiro remitemo rehurumende, seapo Dare rehurumende rakarerutsa mitemo yehurumende inoderedza kusarurana kwedzinza. Asi kusunungurwa kunogonawo kuganhurira nhamburiko dzehurumende kukudza dziviriro. Somuenzaniso, mutemo wehurumende wokupinda munyika wave uchichengetwa kuti uparadze mitemo yehurumende yaiedza kuita mitemo yokuwedzera. Nenzira yakafanana, mutemo wekurukurirano wehurumende unobvisa mitemo yaiedza kudzora vashandisi vebasa reInternet, uchitapura dziviriro dzekuvarati yehurumende.

Vane Simba Vari Kutonga Nedziviriro Dzinoshandiranwa

Munzvimbo zhinji dzerusununguko rwevagari vemo, mitemo yehurumende nehurumende inoshanda pamwe chete panzvimbo perwisano. Mwero yose iri miviri yehurumende ingaita dziviriro dzinosimbisana. Somuenzaniso, mitemo yehurumende nehurumende zvose zviri zviviri zvinodzivisa rusaruro rwebasa, uye munhu angaunza kutaura pasi pezvimwe kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvose zviri zviviri. Masangano emitemo yehurumende yebasa inoyera kazhinji kazhinji akabatana neUnitedumenume Obster Option Commission kuti agadziridze kunyunyuta. Iyi gadziriro yokuchengeta mutemo inopa ganhuriro mbiri inogovera kudzokorodzoresa uye vimbiso yokuti miganhu iri pamwero pamwero ingazadzwa neimwe.

Hurumende inobatira pamwe inoonekawo mumashoko akapoteredza ekodzero dzokuvhota. Mutemo weFederal unogadza mipimo nokuda kwokunyoresa muvhoti, betsero yomutauro, uye kuwanikwa, asi hurumende dzinoshandisa sarudzo uye dzingagamuchira mitemo yakadai sokuvhota kwapakuvamba, kunyoresa kwokuzviitikira, uye kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero kunopfuura zvipfuudzo zvehurumende. Apo nyika dzinowedzera kusvika, dzinobatanidza nharidzano dzehurumende. Apo hurumende dzinoisa ganhuriro dzehurumende, kubatana kunova ganhuriro, uye mapigata angadenha mitemo yehurumende pasi pebumbiro remitemo renyika kana kuti gadziriro.

Zvidzidzo Zvenhau muFederal-State Interaction

Brown v. Board of Education and the Civil Rights Era

Chisarudzo chenhau mu Brown v. Board of Education (1954) inoratidzira kuti kududzira kwebumbiro remitemo rehurumende kunogona sei kukurira mitemo yehurumende inoganhurira rusununguko rwevagari vemo. Dare Gurusa rakataura kuti mitemo inodzora dzinza muzvikoro zvavose yakaputsa Kudzivirira kwaMamine Yechigumi naMazana Mane Nezana Evhu. Pasinei zvapo nokuramba kwakapararira kunobva kuhurumende, kubatanidza "kudzivisa kworumano" muSouth, chiremera chomubatanidzwa pakupedzisira. Mhaka yacho yakasimbisa kuti masimba amapurisa haagoni kushandisa mitemo yetsororo youtsotsi inorwisana nemitemo yehurumende.

Mubatanidzwa wezvikamu zvemagazini inonzi Roe Wade, Dobbs v. Jackson, uye Kudzokera kuHurumende

Mufungo wekodzero dzokubvisa pamuviri unoratidzira kubatana kwehurumende. Mu Rooe v. Wade [773], Dare Gurusa rakataura kuti Dare reMitemo re 144 yePremendement yeChibvumirano chaClaus rakadzivirira kodzero yomukadzi yokusarudza kubvisa pamuviri, nokudaro ndokuputsa mitemo yakawanda yehurumende yakaganhurirwa zvikuru. Nokuda kwamakore anodokusvika makumi mashanu, dziviriro yemitemo yakagadzira uriri hwenyika, kunyange zvazvo mifungo yaigona kuisa miraudzo inowirirana negadziriro yeDare. Pashure pe [FL:]]. [FLT:]] [FLT:]] [v2].[FLT]]

Obergefell v. Hodges uye Kuenzana kweroorano

Nharo imwe cheteyo yeroorano inoratidzira kuti matare ehurumende anogona sei kupedza rwisano pakati pehurumende nerevo dzehurumende dzerusununguko. Pamberi pa Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), dzimwe nyika dzakanga dzanyoresa roorano imwe cheteyo kupfurikidza nemitemo kana kuti dare rehurumende, nepo dzimwe dzakanga dzine kugadziriswa kwemitemo kweroorano kunoganhurirwa kuroorano kune mativi akasiana neakadzi. Dare Rapamusoro rakasarudza basa iri kupfurikidza nokubata kuti Dare reCal Programme neFrection Claus rinovimbisa maruramiro evaviri vete-tenete. Mutemo wehurumende wapamutemo pamusoro pemitemo inotonga hurumende, uchigadza ganhuriro yetsika imwe cheteyo. Panguva imwe cheteyo, anotaura kuti roorano yakanga yatoita kugoverwa nokugoverwa kwezvinoitika zvapamutemo uye yabetsera kuvaka vagarika.

Kubvuma Kodzero Nechinoitika Muruwa rweShelby

Chisarudzo cha2013 Selby County v. Raker chinoratidzira kusawirirana pakati poutarisiri hwehurumende nehurumende. Pashure pokunge Dare Rapamusoro raparadza nzira yokunyoresa yeVRA, hurumende dzinoverengeka dzakagadza mitemo yokuvhotera iyo vatsoropodzi vakatotaura kuti yakatapura nenzira isingaenzaniswi. Iyi mitemo yakabatanidza zvikwaniriso zveID zvokuvhota pakuvamba, kuderedza muvhotera, uye ganhuriro patsamba. matare ehurumende akaderedza mimwe mipimo iyi pasi peVRA kana kuti pasi peBumbiro reMitemo remitemo, asi hurumende yapamberi yakavhara chinjo dzedare idzo dzakambovhara sha chikanga yaita kuti dzisashanda kwenguva refu. Iyi chiitiko chinosimbisa kuti sangano ringakwanisa sei kuronga kudzora apo kutarisirwa nehurumende inobviswa.

Zvinetso Zvenguva Ino Murusununguko Rwevagari Vemo Rwenyika

Kuchinja - chinja Kwekodzero Dzenyika

Muuyo unokosha zvikurusa wekutsamirana kwehurumende yenyika idziviriro isina kukodzera yerusununguko rwavagari vemo munyika yose. Chiri maruramiro akadzivirirwa mune imwe nyika angaganhurirwa kana kuti kushayikwa mune imwe. Uku kuchinja kwakakomba zvikurukuru munharaunda umo mutemo wehurumende usingabvisi chiremera chehurumende kana kuti umo dziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo dzinodudzirwa zvishoma. Muuyo ibasa risingakuvadzi, rinogona kuparira kuvhiringidzika, kuwedzera, uye kusabetsera vanhu vanogara mumaruwa nedziviriro dzisina kusimba. Nokuda kwavadzidzi, iyi inhau inosimbisa ukoshi hwenzwisiso kwete bedzi yomutemo wehurumende asi mhoteredzo chaiyo yepamutemo yehurumende yavo.

Kuchinja Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nechikamu Chinochinja

Masimba ezvamatongerwe enyika pazvose zviri zviviri mwero yehurumende nehurumende anotapura dzikamo yedziviriro dzerusununguko rwavagari vemo. Chinjo muutarisiri hwapurezidhendi dzinogona kuchinja kuiswa kwokutanga kwemasangano ehurumende akadai seBato reSangano reTsvene, Department of Education for Civil Rights, uye Ecumetic Accomplication Option Commission. Pamwero wehurumende, kuchinja mukudzora kwemitemo negubernarcatorial kungatungamirira kukuitwa kwemitemo inokurumidza kukudza kana kuti kubvumirana kodzero dzavanhu. Kushayikwa kwechiza kwechizamuchinjikwa kwechiza panhau dzakadai pekuvhotera, kodzero dzokubereka, LBTQ, uye kuva wogarira zvakavanzika kunoita kuti pave nokutevedzerwa kwezviito zvehurumende uye mashandiro ehurumende zvinogona kusimbisa zvimwe mutemo.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu, Kuva Woga, uye Miganhu Yomutemo Uripo

Ruzivo rwazvino uno runopa denho itsva nokuda kwegadziriro yehurumende. Kuvanza miganhu yemitemo, kunzvera, uye kuita chisarudzo cheatlm hakuwirirani zvakanaka muzvikamu zvemitemo. Mutemo wehurumende yakavanzika unoramba wakakamurwa, nemirau yakarongwa yakanangana namashoko ezvoutano (HIPAA), majeke ezvemari (GLA), uye kuvandika kwavana, uye kuvandika kwehurumende. Hurumende dzakazadza mukaha. California, Virginia, Colorado, uye dzimwe nyika dzakaisa mitemo yezvakavanzika zvemari inoisa misengwaro pamabhizimisi uye inopa kodzero dzevatengi. Nemhaka iyi yemitemo yehurumende inopesana, makambani anotarisana nezvinetso, uye dziviriro dzakavanzika dzavanhu dzinotsamira pamugariro wavo wokugara. Kuzviwa kwapamutemo kwemitemo yechivande yakapesana neyamuro yemitemo yezvakavanzika asi haina kusiiwa, asi haina kusiiwa.

Mitemo yehurumende pamusoro pekuongorora hurumende, kuzivikanwa kwezviso, uye makamera emapurisa inosiyana zvikuru. Dzimwe nyika dzinoda zvibvumikiso zvokuongorora zvemagetsi; dzimwe hadzisi.

Basa Rematare Ehurumende Mukudzivirira Rusununguko

Vatongi vehurumende vanokosha zvikuru mumugariro werusununguko rwavagari vemo. Apo matare ehurumende anodudzira Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. nenzira iri pedyo kana kuti apo Dare repamusorosoro rinotonga rinoshandisa mitongo, matare ehurumende anogona kutendeukira kumabumbiro emitemo yawo kuti atsigire dziviriro. Uyu muitiro, unozivikanwa se "hurumende itsva," wave uchishandiswa kudzivirira kodzero munzvimbo dzakadai sedzinopiwa mari yedzidzo, kutsvaka nokukwikwirira, kutaura pachena munzvimbo dzokutenga, uye kubereka. matare ehurumende haasati achidzoresa zvisarudzo zvawo panzvimbo dzakazvimirira. Iyi dzidziso inoreva kuti kudzivirira rusununguko rwekodzero dzevanhu hakusi kukwira kana kuti kunoitika chose chose neyamubatanidzwa nehurumende yehurumende.

Kupedzisa: Gadziriro Yokusimba Neyakaedzwa

Kubatana kwemitemo yehurumende nehurumende kunoparira kuvakwa kwakaoma kudzivirira rusununguko rwevagari vemo muUnited States. Mutemo weFederal system unogadza uriri hwenyika, mitemo yehurumende inogovera mishonga chaiyo, uye mitemo yehurumende inogovera mikana yokuwedzera. Supremacy Claus inovimbisa ukuru hwehurumende apo rwisano dzinomuka, asi nyika dzinochengeta chiremera chinokosha chokuwedzera dziviriro mukati mesimba radzo. Iyi tsika inoparira zvose zviri zviviri kuvandudziko nekusateramatevedzero. Inobvumira magariro kubatira senzira dzokunzvera rusununguko, kuedza mitoo mitsva yokuvandika, kuva nohuenzani. Asi inorevawo kuti kodzero dzomunhu mumwe nomumwe dzinogona kuchinja zvikuru panzvimbo yakavakirwa panzvimbo yake.

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye varongi varongedzeri, kunzwisisa iri simba kunokosha nokuda kwokushanda kwourongwa hwehurumende, kufamba mumutemo, uye kutora rutivi. Mutambo wehurumende hausati uchitongovapo; unovapo nesarudzo iri yose, rusarudzo rwuri rwose rwemitemo, uye chisarudzo chiri chose chedare. Kuramba uchiziva pamusoro pezvinoitika pamitengo yose iri miviri yehurumende nenheyo dzinodzora kunodikanwa nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anozvipira kudziviriro yorusununguko rwevagari vemo. Gadziriro inokwikwidzanwa, asi inogamuchirawo. Muhurumende yehurumende, dziviriro yorusununguko rwomunhu inotsamira pakungwarira mumwe nomumwe mwero uri wose wokutonga.