Mashoko Okutanga Sechiono Chokutanga

Sumo yeUnited States Constitution inopfuura zvikuru kutanga kwomuitiro. Yakanyorwa muna 1787 neConvention yeBumbiro reMitemo, aya mashoko makumi mashanu namaviri anobatira sekambasi yetsika nouzivi yenzvero yeAmerica. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo richibvisa mibatanidzwa yehurumende, Pregegegering inozivisa chinangwa chehurumende iyoyo, ichibatanidza mipimo inogoverwa iyo inobatanidza rudzi pamwe chete. Imashoko edonzo, chibvumirano chenzanga pakati pehurumende inotongwa nehurumende yavo, uye gwaro benyu rinopfuurira kuumba kuzivikanwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika zveAmerica.

Kunzwisisa kuti Pregegear inoratidzira sei mipimo yeAmerica kunoda kunzvera zvose zviri zviviri mashoko ayo enhau nerevo anopfuurira. Vagadziri vaiziva zvikuru kuti vakanga vachiparira chimwe chinhu chisina muenzaniso: republic yakavakirwa kwete paropa kana kuti maruramiro oumwari, asi pamvumo yavanhuwo zvavo. Mutauro wakasarudza(deliberated, comfish, uye shall() wakagadzirirwa kuunganidza nyika dzakawanda munyika dzakabatanidzwa. Nhasi, chizvarwa chiri chose chinofanira kutarisana nemubvunzo wokuti rudzi rwacho rwuri kurarama mukuwirirana nenheyo dzinotangwa muPreging.

Mavambo Nemashoko Akapoteredza

Pregge yakarongwa mukati menhambo yekurukurirano huru nokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira. Pashure pokundikano yeNhengo dzeConfederation, iyo yakaparira hurumende yapakati yakaneta isingagoni kupedza njodzi dzemari, rwisano dzapakati dzamarudzi, uye tyisidziro dzokumwe, nhume dzakabva kunyika dzine gumi nembiri dzakasangana muPhiladelphia. Nationalal Archives iyo vagadziri vaidikanwa nokukurumidza kugadza hurumende iyo ingagona zvose zviri zviviri kuraira ruremekedzo norusununguko. Pregagery yakanga iri pakati pezvidiso zvokupedzisira zvakanyorwa neDare reSpeant, rakaitwa naGouverne Morris, uyo akachinja madhiroko akashata kuva progingsswo yakaisvonaka yatinoziva nhasi.

Chitsama chamashoko " Isu vanhu" takanga tiri kubviswa kwokuchinja kubva kuzvinyorwa zvapakuvamba. Yakatsiva "Isu United States," chinoratidzira kuti Bumbiro remitemo rakawana chiremera charo zvakananga kuvagari vemo vamwe navamwe, kwete dare rehurumende. Uku kuchinja kwakaratidzira ukoshi hwechisi cheAmerica hweuchangamire hwakakurumbira.) Pfungwa yokuti simba rezvamatongerwe enyika rinogara muvanhu, vanoritumira kuhurumende kupfurikidza nebumbiro remitemo. Pregeagein naizvozvo inobatira sokurambwa kwakakomba kwoumambo, chirevoruzhinji, uye chimiro chipi nechipi chehurumende chinobata vagari vemo sevatori vemo panzvimbo.

Migumo Mitanhatu yeHurumende: Nzvero Yakadzama Zvikuru

Chinangwa chimwe nechimwe chine ukoshi hwechiAmerica, uye pamwe chete chinoumba purani yenzanga yakarurama uye yakatsiga.

Kuti Pave Nemubatanidzwa Wakakwana

Nharidzano yokutanga yataurwa ndeyokuita mubatanidzwa uri " wakakwana zvikuru" kupfuura yaukatanga. Iyi purogiramu inoratidzira mifungo miviri inokosha yeAmerica: kuvandudzika nokubatana. Varongi havana kutaura kuti vakavaka tsika yakakwana; vakabvuma kudikanwa kwokunatsiridzwa kunopfuurira. Mashoko acho anosimbisawo ukoshi hwechibvumirano chehurumende (chikamu chesimba renyika nehurumende. Kupfurikidza nokudana kuti mubatanidzwa we "kamwe", Mubatanidzwa wePregetrution unorumbidza chose chose pfungwa yokuti rudzi rwakakamuka harugoni kubudirira, uye kuti boka rakanaka pane dzimwe nguva rinoda kuisa chibayiro.

Iri donzo rinoramba richishanda munharo pamusoro pekodzero dzenyika, maruramiro avagari vemo, uye chengeteko yenyika. Ukoshi hweAmerica hwechinzwano hahurevi kufanana; kunoreva kuchengeta gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo yakagoveranwa nepo kuri pamusoro pemhatsa. Constitution Center inosimbisa[ kuti kutaura kwokuti "mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru" kwakakumbirwa namatare eDare Rapamusorosoro, purezidhendi, uye masangano enzanga sechikumbiro chokutambanurira chipikirwa cheBumbiro reMitemo kuAmerica yose.

2. Gadzirisa Kururamisira

Tsvene idivi rezivi yeAmerica yepamutemo netsika. Chiziviso chinozivisa kuti rimwe rezvinangwa zvikuru zvehurumende nderokugadza ruramisiro(kureva gadziriro yemitemo inoshanda zvakaenzana kuvagari vose. Iyi donzo rinodzikwa mukufunga kwokujekeswa kwaJohn Locke naMontesquieu, uyo akatsigira kuti ruramisiro inoda mutemo, matare asingasaruri, uye dziviriro yekodzero dzavanhu. Pregatoria haadudzi icho ruramisiro inooneka muchinoitika mumhaka iri yose, asi inogadza mupimo: mutemo uri wose, dare riri rose, uye chiito chiri chose chehurumende chinofanira kurangarirwa mukuraira nokuda kwakarurama.

Mipimo yeAmerica yemuitiro wakafanira, dziviriro yakaenzana mumutemo, uye maruramiro kumuedzo wakarurama zvose zvinobva muuyu musengwa. Chinoitika chenhau chinoratidza kuti ruramisiro yave ichiwanzoitwa nenzira isina kukwana(kuvambira pamitemo mitatu inobvumiranisa kumira misiyano yazvino uno kumitezo yeruramisiro yematsotsi. Kudanidzira kwe “Sangano” naizvozvo zvose zviri zviviri inheyo yakagadzwa negadziriro isina kupedzwa. Inodenha chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe kukudza denderedzwa raavo vanowana kubatwa kwakaenzana pasi pomutemo.

Kubatsira Vari Mumba Kuti Vasaberekane

Vagadziri vakanga vararama muReduction’s Shays uye dzimwe mhirizhonga idzo dzakatyisidzira nhevedzano yavose. Vakanzwisisa kuti nzanga yakatsiga inoda kuti hurumende ichengete rugare mukati memiganhu yayo. Domestistic tation hometic syst [[ zvinoreva kwete chete kusavapo kwemasimba masimba, asiwo kuvapo kwetsinhirano yenzanga apo gakava ringapedzwa nemitoo yepamutemo neyorugare. Uku kunokosha kuratidzira chitendero cheAmerica chokuti hurumende ine basa rokudzivirira vagari vemomo vayo patyisidziro dzomukati //197] tyisidziro idzodzo idzodzo dzoutsotsi, dzakarongwa, kana kuti kusagadzikana kwevagari vemo.

Nhasi, ukoshi hwerunyararo rwemhuri hunozivisa chinhu chiri chose kuvambira pamapurisa namaneja ekurumidziro kusvikira kumirairo yokuramba nokugadziridzwa kwegadziriro dzezvirongwa zvavose. Chiyeuchidzo chokuti kuva pamutemo kwehurumende kunotsamira pasimba rayo rokugovera chengeteko nenhevedzano pasina kudzongonyedza rusununguko. Dzikamo pakati pechengeteko norusununguko idzvinyiriro isingagumi muupenyu hweAmerica, uye Pregegery inogovera mavambo ekurukurirano iyoyo.

4. Roverera Kuzvidzivirira Kwako Vose

dziviriro yemhepo inoratidzira kuzvipira kweAmerica kuchengeteko yenyika nedziviriro yavose. Pregeget inobvuma kuti rudzi harugoni kupukunyuka kana rusingagoni kuzvidzivirira rumene padenho dzokumwe. Uku ukoshi hunosimbisa kutangwa kwehondo yakamira, chikepe chemvura, uye gare gare gare simba remhepo, masangano akangwara, uye zvibvumirano zvakadai seNATO. Chitsama cheNato chamanyuro chinoshandisa namaune shoko rokuti "Nharoro" kusimbisa kuti dziviriro ibasa rimwe, kwete mutoro wenyika imwe kana kuti nharaunda.

Uyu mufungo unosimbisawo chitendero cheAmerica muhurumende yehurumende yakasimba inokwanisa kuunganidza pfuma nokuda kwechengeteko yenyika. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vatangi vaingwarira mauto akamira; vaibatanidza kunzvera kwakadai sokudzora chiuto kusiri chehondo uye ganhuriro yemari yehondo yamakore maviri. Nokudaro Preggery inotsigira muitiro wokuzvidzivirira unosimba uyo unova unova unozvidavirira kuvanhu.

5. Kusimudzira Rubudiriro Rukuru

Chitsama chamashoko " chinoreva garikano yose" ndichimwe chekurukurirano hurusa mumutemo wemitemo yeAmerica. Hachirevi kuti hurumende inofanira kuvimbisa garikano yavagari vemo vose, asi kuti inofanira kuita migariro yakanaka kubudiriro nefambiro mberi yenzanga. Iyi mutengo unobatanidza mativi makuru ezviito zvehurumende: kuvaka migwagwa namabhuroko, kutungamirira kutengeserana, kugovera dzidzo yavose, kudzivirira utano hwavose, uye kutsigira mukana wemari.

Chitsama chezvisakiso zvegarikano chadudzwa kururamisa chinhu chiri chose kubva paSocial Security kusvikira kuAffordal Care Act. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti chinogona kushandiswa kufutunura simba rehurumende kupfuura ganhuriro dzaro dzinodairwa. Bva Preggy inojekesa kuti donzo rehurumende harisati richingova zvakashatawo (kudzora mufambiro wakaipa) asiwo rakananga (kusimudzira zvakanaka zvenzanga). Ukoshi hweAmerica hwomutoro weboka racho .Ndokuti tiri nani tose apo tinoisa mumigovero muzvinhu zvinogoverana, hwuri mumashoko aya.

6 Chengetedza Zvikomborero Zvorusununguko Kwatiri Nekusvika Patakanga Tava Kusvika

Chinangwa chokupedzisira chezvisungo zvokutanga zvikabatana zvose: kutsigira zvikomborero zvorusununguko" nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvazvino nezvinotevera. Rusununguko ndirwo runokosha rukuru rweAmerica (rudaviro rwokuti vanhu vane maruramiro okuberekwa nawo ayo hurumende inofanira kudzivirira. Pregageing inorondedzera rusununguko se "chipo," ichikarakadza kuti zvose zviri zviviri chipo nomutoro. Hachisi chimwe chinhu chinogona kugamuchirwa; chinofanira kuchengetwa nokupfuudzwa.

Chitsama chamashoko chinoti "kusu timene navazukuru vedu" chinosuma upamhi hwenguva pfupi: Bumbiro reMitemo harisi rechizvarwa chakagadzwa bedzi asi nokuda kwavose vanotevera. Ichochi chinoratidzira ukoshi hweAmerica hwoutariri() pfungwa yokuti tinochengeta kodzero dzedu nehurumende yedu muchivimbo nokuda kwavana vedu navazukuru. Inorevawo basa rokumutsidzira nokudzivirira nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo nguva dzose pakuparadzwa.

Kuumba Kunoita Zvidzidzo Zvemavambo zveAmerica

Uchangamire Hwakakurumbira

Sezvacherekedzwa, mashoko okuzarura " Isu vanhu tinoita uchangamire hwakakurumbira nheyo yakavakirwa pahurumende yeAmerica. Izvozvi zvinoramba pfungwa yokuti simba rinobuda kubva kuna mambo kana kuti kuvatongi. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanhu ndivo manyuko echiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika. Hurumende ipi neipi yapamutemo inofanira kuwana simba rayo mukubvumira kwevadzorwi, kuratidzirwa kupfurikidza namasarudzo, masangano anomirira, uye miitiro yebumbiro remitemo.

Mugariro wePregagery unosimbisa ikoku kupfurikidza nokuisa “Isu vanhu” pamberi po“kugadza nokutanga iyi Bumbiro remitemo.” Vanhu ndivo vatambi, hurumende chishandiso. Uku kutsauka kukuru kubva kumabumbiro emitemo apakuvamba, akavamba neziviso dzechiremera choumambo kana kuti nongedzero kuna Mwari. MuAmerica, chiito chimene chokugadza bumbiro remitemo ishandiso youchangamire hwakakurumbira.

Hurumende Yakaganhurirwa uye Kutongwa Kwomutemo

Kupfurikidza nokuronga nharidzano chaidzo idzo hurumende inosikirwa kuwana, Pregary inoreva kuti masimba ehurumende akaganhurirwa kuzvinangwa izvozvo. Hachisi chikomberedzo chisina chinhu; ichiremera chakasungirirwa. Ikoku kunowirirana nefariro yeAmerica yehurumende yakaganhurirwa() chitendero chokuti hurumende inofanira bedzi kuva namasimba ayo anopiwa kwairi navanhu, uye kuti masimba iwayo anofanira kushandiswa mukati megadziriro yemitemo inoshanda zvakaenzana kuvatongi uye inotonga.

Murairo womutemo unosimbiswazve nokuparadzana kwamasimba kweBumbiro reMitemo, kunzverwa nedzikamo, uye Bill of Rights.

Kuenzana Nekodzero Dzisingaparadzanisiki

Nepo Sumo isingadudzi kuenzana kana kuti kodzero zvakajeka, inonongedzera kurusununguko neruramisiro, izvo zvinokarakadza kuenzana mumutemo. Declaration of Independence, yakanyorwa makore gumi nerimwe Bumbiro reMitemo risati rasvika, yakanga yatozivisa kuti vanhu vose vanosikwa vakaenzana uye vane maruramiro asingaparadzaniswi. Pregation inofanira kuraviwa muaya mashoko akapoteredza. Bumbiro remitemo inzira yokuchengeta nayo kodzero idzodzo kupfurikidza nehurumende yapamutemo.

Chido cheAmerica chokuenzana chakawedzera nokufamba kwenguva — kubva pakubvisa vakadzi, vanhu vakapinzwa muuranda, uye varidzi vasina kodzero kuti vabatanidze vagari vose zvishoma nezvishoma kupfurikidza nokugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo nemitemo yekodzero dzevanhu. Mutauro waPregary unobvumira uku kuwedzera; unogadza nharidzano dzinogona kutsanangurwazve nechizvarwa chimwe nechimwe kuti chiedzere zviri nani chiono chenzanga yakarurama.

Kunaka Kwomubatanidzwa uye Mutoro Wokugoverana

Sumo inoratidzirawo ukoshi hwekunaka kwenzanga yevagari vemo (8) pfungwa yokuti vagari vemo vane mabasa pamwe chete nekodzero. Kupfurikidza nokuzivisa kuti vanhu vari kugadza Bumbiro reMitemo uye vachivavarira kuchengetera zvikomborero nokuda kwavazukuru, kutaura kunoreva kuti kuzvitonga kunoda kushingaira, kuziviswa, uye kuvimbisana kwevagari vomunyika. Rusununguko hachisi chipo icho munhu anongogamuchira; mutoro unofanira kushandiswa kupfurikidza nokuvhota, basa redare, basa rehondo, hurukuro yavose, uye kubatanidzwa munzanga.

Vaidavira kuti riphabliki haigoni kurarama kana vagari vemo vayo vasingafariri zvakanaka zvevanhu vose.Kushandisa kweboka racho kwaiti “Isu” kunotiyeuchidza kuti Bumbiro Remitemo iboka revagari vemo, kwete mutemo wakapiwa uchibva kumusoro.

Kuenzanisa Mamwe Manyoro

Misoro yePregagery inodzokororwa ndokukudza iyo inowanwa mumagwaro apakuvamba ehwaro. Chiziviso cheHumuro (177] chinosimbisa nenzira yakakurumbira kuti hurumende dzinowana masimba adzo akarurama mukubvuma kwevadzorwi uye dzinotangwa kudzivirira kodzero dzisingaparadziki. Preagedge inoshandura idzi nheyo dzenheyo dzehwaro dzakajeka kuva zvinangwa zvehurumende: kuumba mubatanidzwa, kugadza ruramisiro, kusimbisa rugare, kugovera dziviriro, kutsigira maruramiro, uye kudzivirira. Nepo Declarationsment inotsigira chinjo mukurwisana neudzvinyiriri, Pregittion inogovera purani yokuvaka chigadziko, hurumende ine pamutemo.

Arttics of Confederation (1781) yakanga ine mashoko okusuma akasiana zvikuru: “Kuna vose uko izvi Zvipo zvichauya... isu Nhume dzakasainwa dzeNyika... tinobvumirana kuzvinhu zvakati zveConfederation uye Nhlangano isingagumi... iyi shanduro inosainwa navamiriri vehurumende, kwete“ vanhu.” Inoshaiwa simba risingapinduri uye inokundikana kujekesa chiono chorudzi. Tsitsiro yeBumbiro reMiteo rinoruramisa ikoku kupfurikidza nokutaura zvakananga kuvanhu vose uye kupfurikidza namadonzo eUnion mukuita chirevo, mutauro unoyeutsa.

Mapepa apashure akafanana ne ekodzero (1791) ne Getysburg Address [ (1863] anonyora pamusoro pemisoro yePregator. Bill of Rights inodzivirira rusununguko chairwo, kuzadzika vimbiso yokuchengeta zvikomborero zvorusununguko. Kiro yaLincoln yakakumbira “kuberekwa kutsva kworusununguko” uye hurumende“ yavanhu, nokuda kwavanhu, nokuda kwavanhu, , kudzokorora zvakananga chiono chePregingry of the commorrence nemubatanidzwa wakakurumbira.

Kutanga Munharo Dzazvino Uno

Sumo yacho haisiwo zvayo nhau yenhau; inopfuurira kuzivisa hurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika neyapamutemo yapanguva imwe. Vatongi veDare Gurusa, vaiti vemitemo, uye vashinganyi vanoramba vachidana mutauro wavo. Somuenzaniso, mu United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.[FL] [1936], Mutongi Sutherland akadudza Sumedge kukwikwidza kukwikwidza kukwirira masimba ehurumende akafara munhau dzokumwe nyika, achidudza kuti “kuumbwa” kwakaumbwa neBumbiro remitemo renyika nouchangamire hwemo. Njodzidzo dzehurumende dzinoreverwa kana kuti hurumende yakaganhurirwa kazhinji kazhinji kanotarira kurudungwe rwePrechinongedzero dzakaita kuti chiremera chehurumende chisanofanira kutambanurira mberi kwemadonzo iwayo.

Munharo pamusoro pezvoutano, kutama, muitiro wezvemari, uye chengeteko yenyika, mashoko okuti “kuzivisa garikano yose” anokumbirwa namativi ose ari maviri. Vatsigiri vegadziriro dzenzanga dzakawedzerwa vanonongedzera kwairi sehwaro hwebumbiro remitemo nokuda kwechiito chehurumende; vashori vanotaura kuti rinofanira kuraviwa zvishoma, pamwe chete namasimba anodudzwa eChikamu I. Pregear haipedzi idzi nharo, asi inopa mutauro mumwe nenongedzero imwe cheteyo yokukurukura basa rakafanira rehurumende.

Masangano azvino uno enzanga (kubva pakodzero dzavagari vemo kusvikira kunzvimbo yechimiro chendangariro) kazhinji kazhinji anoumba nharidzano dzavo mukuwirirana nemirangariro yePredge. Vanopikisa kuti kana mubatanidzwa wacho uchifanira kuva “wakakwana zvikuru,” unofanira kukurira kusaruramisira kwakarongwa, unofanira kuwana wirirano yechokwadi, uye rusununguko rwakachengeteka nokuda kwavose.

Zvinoreva Kudzidzisa uye Kuberekana

Kunzwisisa Sumo ikokutangira dzidzo yehurumende muUnited States. Vana vechikoro vanodzidziswa kuibata nomusoro, uye inooneka yakatanhamara mumitambo yomusikirwo nokuda kwavagari vatsva. Nhaka yaichibatanidza ne(kuzivikanwa na"uchangamire, ruramisiro, rugare, dziviriro, garikano, uye rusununguko () inoumba hwaro hwetsika dzeAmerica dzezvamatongerwe enyika. National Archives RECCY[] ndimamwe emagwaro anorangarirwa zvikurusa munhau yeAmerica.

Kutanga kwacho kunokurudzirawo kuratidzira urudzi.Hakuchengeti rukundo muhondo kana kuti mbiri yomutongi; kunonangidzira ngwariro pamirangariro inofanira kuchengetwa nguva dzose.Ikoku kunoparadzanisa kuzivikanwa kweAmerica nourudzi hwakawanda hwakavakirwa padzinza kana kuti rukundo rwenyika. Kuva muAmerica kutsigira nheyo dzePregage, kunyange kana munhu akatsoropodza kundikano dzenyika yacho kuti irarame maererano nadzo.

mhedziso

Sumo kuUnited States Constitution itsinhirano younyanzvi yemipimo yeAmerica nemirangariro. Mumutsetse mumwe chete, inozivisa uchangamire hwavanhu, inoronga zvinangwa zvitanhatu zvinokosha zvehurumende, uye inopa rudzi kurondwa kusingagumi kworusununguko neruramisiro. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvacho chinoratidzira misengwa mikuru youzivi iyo yakaumba nhau yeAmerica: uchangamire hwakakurumbira, hurumende yakaganhurirwa, kunaka kwenzanga, uye chitendero chiri kufambira mberi.

Sumo haisati iri chisaririra chapanguva dzose asi nhungamiro inoshanda. Chinodenha chizvarwa chiri chose kuumba mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru, kutanga ruramisiro, kuvimbisa rugare rwemhuri, kugovera dziviriro yavose, kutsigira garikano, uye kuchengetedza zvikomborero zvorusununguko. Idzi nharidzano dzenharo, uye rudzi rwava nenhano. Bva kutanga kwacho kunotiyeuchidza kuti kuedza kweAmerica hakusati kuri pamusoro pokusvika pakukwana, asi pamusoro pokutamburira kwakwo. Chero bedzi Bumbiro remitemo richagara, mashoko ePregation acharamba ari tsigiro ine simba yaavo tiri nainoda kuva.