Kunzwisisa Sumo Yacho: Bhuku Rakanaka rezvinodiwa neAmerica

Sumo yeUnited States Constitution inomira seimwe yemashoko okuzarura anocherechedzwa zvikurusa uye anoguma avapo munhau yezvamatongerwe enyika. Yakanyorwa muna 1787 nenhume kuConvention yeBumbiro reMitemo muPhiladelphia, iyi sumo ine mashoko 52 inosimbisa hwaro hwouzivi hwechinyorwa chose chinodzora chinotevera. Pregegedge haipi masimba api naapi kana kuti kuumba zvivako zvipi nezvipi zvehurumende; panzvimbo pezvo, inojekesa donzo nenhungamiro izvo Bumbiro remitemo rakagadzirirwa kubatira. Kuiswa kwayo pamavambo chaipo petsika dzapamutemo dzorudzi kunoratidza kuti idzi zvinangwa hazvisati zvichifungwa asi zvikonzero zvimene zviripo munzvimbo yokutanga.

Chitsama chemashoko chokuzarura " Isu vanhu tinomirira kubviswa kukuru kwezvinyorwa zvakapfuura zvinodzora. Kusafanana neNheyo dzeConfederation, idzo dzakavamba nendaza yehurumende inotonga, Bumbiro remitemo rinoomerera kuti chiremera chehurumende yeUnited States chinowana zvakananga kubva kuvagari vemo veUnited States. Iyi rondedzero youchangamire hwakakurumbira yakanga iri yechinjo nokuda kwenguva yahwo uye inoramba iri fandesheni yemifungo yeAmerica yezvamatongerwe enyika. Mutauro wePregimeains unoramba nouneidzo kana kuti mutungamiriri wehurumende, panzvimbo pezvo inoomerera kuti hurumende inotsamira pabvumirano inodzorwa. Iyi inotevedza tendero yeChiziviso cheHurumende kuti Hurumende dzinowana masimba adzorongedzero yadzorwa, kupfuurirazve kuva neruzivo rwamaziviro pakati penyika.

Sumo inodudza madonzo matanhatu akasiana nokuda kweBumbiro reMitemo: kuumba Dare rakakwana zvikuru, kugadza Ruramisiro, kugovera dziviriro dzemhuri, kusimudzira Nhaka yavose, uye kudzivirira Zvikomborero zveNhaka kwatiri timene nePresa yedu. Chimwe nechimwe cheidzi nharidzano chinoratidzira zvichemo zvakananga vaVatangi vakanga vawana mukutonga kwakakwana kweBritain noutera zvavakanga vacherekedza muMitemo yeConfederation. Vachitora pamwe chete, vanoumba chiono chakajeka cheizvo hurumende yeRepublican inobudirira inofanira kuita nokuda kwavagari vemo vayo. Rwirirano rwamadonzo aya runokoshawo, neruramisiro inooneka nokukurumidza pashure pokudana nokuda kweChinzwa chakakwana zvikuru, mukuratidzira kurangarira kwayo kudzora kwakanaka.

Nhoroondo Yokururamisira Nokuenzana Pazvakatangwa

Kunzwisisa icho Sumo yaireva ne Justice yakagadzirirwa" muna 1787, kunokosha kunzvera mashoko enhau umo Bumbiro reMitemo rakanyorwa. Chinjo yeAmerica yakanga yarwiwa murutivi neizvo vagari vomumakorone vakarangarira sekuramba ruramisiro neBritish Cover. Declaration of Independence directed forcess mukurwisana naMambo George III, kubatanidza kunyima varwi vomuedzo nedare, kuvaendesa kuseri kwemakungwa, uye kuramba kutanga masimba okutonga. Idzi mhesvo dzakananga dzinozivisa kuti vatangi vai kunzwisisa ruramisiro kwete sepfungwa youzivi asi sechinhu chaichoicho chedziviriro yapamutemo.

Tsika yemitemo yeBritain, zvikurukuru Magna Carta naManghezi Bill of Rights, yakapesvedzera zvikuru kunzwisisa kwaVavambi ruramisiro. Murangariro wemuitiro wakafanira womutemo, maruramiro okutonga kwakarurama, dziviriro pakusungwa kwokuzvidira, uye nheyo yokuti kunyange mutongi anofanira kuteerera mutemo zvose zvakatangwa muChirungu jurispudence asati aiswa mumutemo weAmerica. Vavambi vakatsvaka kuvamba tsika yepamutemo iyo ingadzivirira vanhu pachiito chehurumende choudzvinyiriro apo vaichengetawo nhevedzano yenzanga nechirango. National Archiversss inotsinhira kuti mutemo wakagadzwa kuti justicratiotiote kuti ruramisiro igozodzorwa kuvimbisa kuti ruramisiro ichaitwa nenzira yokwakafanana munyika yose.

Zvisinei, kuri madikanwawo kubvuma ganhuriro huru dzeruramisiro nokuenzana sezvinonzwisiswa muna 1787. Bumbiro remitemo rapakuvamba rakarangarira vanhu vari varanda savane maruramiro matatu emunhu nokuda kwemhiko, rakarambidza Dare kugumisa kutengeswa kwavaranda vanobuda muAtlantic kutozosvikira muna 1808, uye raida kudzokerwa kwavaranda vanopoza kuvaridzi vavo. Vakadzi vaisagona kuvhota kana kuti kuva nenzvimbo yehurumende, uye munyika zhinjisakawanda, vakadzi vakaroorwa vakanga vane maruramiro akaganhurirwa ezvinhu mudzidziso yokufukidza. Magariro eAmerica akabviswa zvikurukuru munzanga yezvamatongerwe enyika akasikwa. Izvi zvinoitika zvenhau zvinoparira rwisano pakati pomutauro wakakwirira wePregation negadziriro chaiyoiyo yapamutemo yakagadzwa. Uku kunyandukadza kwakapararira kweAmerica muvagadzirirwe rwemitemo yapamutemo kwamazana amakore akatevera.

Vatungamiriri vamene vakava nemirangariro yakasiana pakati penheyo dzesumo negadziriro dzakananga dzeBumbiro reMitemo. James Madison, anowanzonzi Baba veBumbiro reMitemo, akataurira muThe Federalist Papers kuti chimiro chehurumende yakaitwa neBumbiro reMitemo chaizodzivirira ruramisiro kupfurikidza nokudzivisa pfundo rimwe ripi neripi kuti risadzo ritonge vamwe. Alexander Hamilton akaona kutangwa kwomutongi anozvimirira soanokosha kudzivirira kodzero dzomunhu oga mukurwisana nemutezo wemitemo. George Washington akarangarira ruramisiro seisina kupukunyuka pakuedza kugadzikwa kwouranda. Bva hapana nomumwe wavavambi ava vanoreveridziridza nokuda kwokuparadzwa kwouranda muBumbiro remitemo imene, achizivisa mukaha pakati pemipimo yavakazivisa nedzezvamatongerwe enyika vaidaibvuma kuzviisa pasi pasi pomutemo.

Ruramisiro Mumashoko Okutanga: Revo Nemhindumupindu

Chitsama chamashoko chikaumbwa neChiratidzo cheSangano reHurumende muEarget inoshanda pamwero dzakawanda. Pachinhu chikurusa, chinonongedzera kukuumbwa kwegadziriro yekutonga inoshanda iyo inogona kupedza gakava, kuranga zvakaipa, uye kudzivirira kodzero dzavanhu. Bumbiro reMitemo rakagadzira Dare reSangano reHurumende reChikuru nerevo kuti ritange matare ehurumende akaderera, richivimbisa kuti paizova nenzvimbo yehurumende yakaderera yeruramisiro yaigona kushanda pachakaenzana nefariro dzehurumende. Jadiciary Act yeIs yetsika yetsika ya 1789 yakaita izvi nokuumba dare renyika yose paDare gurusare. Chibvumirano ichi kururamisira chakanga chiri madikanwa nokuda kworudzi rwakava nekusaruramisira, icho chisina kukanganisa kwemitemo yenyika yose yomutemo uye kubuda mumatare.

Ruramisiro Negadziriro Yakafanira

Kutonga kwemitemo, kana kuti pfungwa yokuti miitiro yapamutemo inofanira kuva inoyera uye inopenya, yakasimbiswa zvikuru mumitoo yeBumbiro remitemo yokugadza ruramisiro. Find 5 Amendment inovimbisa kuti hakuna munhu achanyimwa upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti chinhu pasina muitiro wakafanira womutemo. Iyi gadziriro, pamwe chete nevimbiso dzeSikisi dzekutongwa kwapamutemo, dare rinogadza chigadziko chedare kuti dare reSandro risatenderedzerwe kuti nzira dzapamutemo dzitevedzerwe chete asi kuti miitiro iyoyo imene ive yakanaka zvikuru. Mumiitiro yakadaro [[FOct:0] Maw. . . .[FPG.[FPT] [12] [12]

Kukura kwedziviriro dzeProcedtural kupfurikidza neKirder of the 144th Reformation’s Procesme yave iri imwe yemiitiro inokosha zvikurusa mumutemo wemitemo yeAmerica. Incorporation Doctrine, yakakudziridzwa kupfurikidza nenhevedzano yezvisarudzo zveDare Gurusa reChiuru muzana ramakumi maviri, yakashandisa zvizhinjisa zvedziviriro dzeRegionstions kuhurumende. Ikoku kwakareva kuti nyika hadzingagoni kurambazve vakwirirwi maruramiro ezano, kusunda kuzvipinza mutsigiripo, kana kuti kudzosera vanhu kufeya nokusurumuka zvisina mufungo, pakati pedzimwe dziviriro. Chisarudzo cheDare mu [[FT.]] . Gavideon v. Wan Greight [FLFLD] [196] pamberi pokufunga kunzvera mapurisa azvo, anoraira kugovera kugovera kwoutsotsi avo.[5]

Ruramisiro Yakasimba uye Dziviriro Yakaenzana

Kupfuura kururamisira kwemitemo, gadziriro yeAmerica yakaziva zvikuru ukoshi hweruramisiro inodzorwa nemitemo, kureva kuti migumisiro yetsika yepamutemo inofanira kuva yakarurama uye isina muganhu. Irenath Amendment’s Semecial Protection Clause, yatendera muna 1868, inomirira musengwa weBumbiro remitemo wakajeka wedare rinoyera. Iyi ndima inorambidza kurambwa kudziviswa kweruramisiro yerudzi. Mitemo inorambidza kurambira munhu upi noupi mukati moudzo hwake pamutemo wakaenzana, ichida kuti vanhu vamwewo vabatwe zvakafanana nehurumende. Dare rapamusorosoro raita mitanho yakawanda yokuongorora kuyera kudzivirira kwakaenzana, nemitemo inopesana yakavakirwa padzinza, mavambo, kana kuti kodzero dzinokosha dzinowana, mitemo inoyera zvakasimba, inoyera mitemo yakavakirwa pakuyera vatano youtereti.

Kurwisa kweruramisiro yokunze kwakasunda mamwe amasangano anokosha zvikurusa enzanga munhau yeAmerica. Chivil Rights Movement of the 1950 ne 1960s zvakakumbira zvakajeka zvipikirwa zveBumbiro reMitemo reruramisiro nokuenzana kudenha kusarura nokusarura. Martin Luther King Jr.'] Kurega kubva kuBirmingham Jail yakataura kuti mitemo isina kururama haisi mitemo yose, inoreva magamuchidzanwa ose ari maviri omuzvarirwo nomutauro weSangano. Chirevorimende cheChibvumirano chaNational Act of 1964 neRevotion Active gament of 1965 zvakashandurwa kuti zvikwaratiso zvemitemo izvo zvakashandura nzanga yeAmerica. Iyi mitemo inorambidza kusarura mudzimba dzavose, mabasa, uye kuvhotera, kupa rediso rediso rekare remitemo yemitemo yemitemo yemitemo yetsika nemitemo yeSangano. [FFF] [2]

Gakava remisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi rakakudza ukuru hweruramisiro yedzenhando kuti kubatanidza nhau dzakadai sechinjo yeruramisiro youtsotsi, kusaenzana kwemari, uye ruramisiro yemhoteredzo. Sangano rekuzvidavirira kwamapurisa rakapanikira kana gadziriro yeruramisiro yeutsotsi yakabata vaAmerica vose zvakaenzana, kunongedzera kukusabatana mukusungwa, zvitendero, uye mitongo mumapoka amarudzi. Kutonga kwezvemari kwakataura kuti chipikirwa cheruramisiro yeruramisiro chinobatanidza kusvika zvinodikanwa zvinokosha zvakadai sedzimba, tarisiro dzoutano, uye dzidzo. Vatsigiriri vemhoteredzo vakasimbisa kuti kushatiswa kwemhoteredzo nenjodzi dzemhoteredzo kwakatapura nzanga nenzira isingadzokerwi. Izvi zvinoratidzira kuti chiono chePregatoritiro cheruramisiro chaMadoustry chinoramba chiri chinhu chipenyu, chinopfuurira kuva chinhu chinodikanwa chokurarama sezvinetso zvitsva zveAmerica.

Kuenzana Kwenzira: Kubva Pakutanga Kusvika Ku Amendedzero Yechi 14

Nepo Sumo isingadudzi kuenzana. Murangariro unonatsa mumutauro wayo uye chimiro. Mashoko " Isu vanhu" tinosimbisa kuva nomwero mukuru pakati pavagari vemo, munenge musimba ravo rokutora rutivi muudzori hwehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Vatangi vakapesvedzerwa zvikuru nenyanzvi dzokuchenutsa dzokunzvera dzakadai saJohn Locke, uyo akagovera fandesheni yetsika dzavanhu vose kuupenyu, rusununguko, uye zvinhu. Chiziviso cheHupwiti Yorusununguko chakanga chataura kuti vanhu vose vakasikwa uye vakapiwa noMusiki wavo vane maruramiro akati asingachinjiki. Iyi misengwa yokuenzana, kunyange kana vasina kukwana vakaitwa, vakagoverwa netsika yetsika yomutemo.

Bumbiro Remitemo Rapakuvamba Nokuenzana

Bumbiro reMitemo rapakuvamba ra1787 rakanga risina vimbiso yakajeka yehuenzana. Gadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo pamusoro pouranda, kumirira, uye kuvhota dzakava nemwero mukuru pakati pevagari vemo. Kunyange zvakadaro mugadzirirwo weBumbiro reMitemo, zvikurukuru kuumbwa kwayo yehurumende yainyorwa mativi ose nemitemo yaibatanidzwa nedziviriro dzayo nokuda kwekodzero dzavanhu, yakatanga migariro umo kuenzana kwaigona kutevedzerwa pakupedzisira. Kurambidza kweBumbiro remitemo pamusoro pemisoro yechiremera muChikamu I, Chikamu 9 chakaratidzira kurambwa kwezvikuru chinowirirana nenheyo dzetsika. Chinodikanwa chemitemo chokuti hurumende inovimbisa chimiro chehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende kuhurumende imwe neimwe kusimba kugona kuvimbisa kuti hapana hurumende kana kuti ive nechinzvimbo chikuru chizoputsa kuenzana kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kugadziridzwa kwegumi kwokutanga kuBumbiro reMitemo, kwakatenderwa muna 1791 seBill of Rights, kwakagovera dzimwe dziviriro dzinotsigira kuenzana. Kudzivirira kwokutanga kwehurukuro, kubudisa, kuungana, uye rudzidziso kwakasimbisa kuti vagari vose vagone kutora rutivi muhurukuro yavose nokunamata maererano nehana dzavo. Kodzero yeChipiri yeConfectionment yakanzwisiswa seyaidzivirira mano evagari vemo okuzvidzivirira vamene nenzanga dzavo. Chikamu cheshanu, Senth, Senth, uye Send, uye Send Rendeyh Republicments zvakagovera dziviriro dzinoshanda kuvanhu vose, kwete kuboka rakaropafadzwa chete. Nepo idzi bvumirano dzisina kuita kuenzana mumurangariro upi noupi wakakwana, ivo vakagadza mukutaura kwakaenzana.

Kugadziridza Kunoita Zvinhu Nokuchinja Kuenzana

Hondo yeChizvarwa neReconstruct yakashandura zvikuru ukama hweBumbiro reMitemo kuva hwakaenzana. Dare reMitemo reHarth Amendment, rakatenderwa muna 1865, rakabvisa uranda nouranda, pakupedzisira richipinza Bumbiro reMitemo muwirirano yeTsiginishoni nebvumirano yeKuzvitonga. Irevo ye145th Amendment, yakatenderwa muna 1868, yakaenderera mberi kupfurikidza nokugadza kuva mugari wemo wedangwe, kuchivimbisa muitiro wakafanira nedziviriro zvakafanana zvemitemo, uye kupa Chibvumirano simba rokuita kuti izvi zviitwe kupfurikidza nomutemo wakakodzera. IPendementmentation ye15, yairambidza kusarura dzinza, ichi chinotambanurira chipikirwa chokuenzana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kuvarume veAfrica. Pamwe chete, uku kutsigira kuchinjwa kwemitemo yetsika kwaidzorongedzero yedzinza ravanhu vedzinza rakatanga kubvumira mutemo wetsika wetsika yakatanga kubvumira Dare renyika yapakuvamba.

Kurwisa kuziva chipikirwa cheReformations kwave kuri kwenguva refu uye kwakaoma. Chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa mu Plavery v. Ferguson (1896) yakatsigira kusarura kwedzinza pasi pedzidziso yakaparadzana asi yakaenzana, nenzira inobudirira kubvisa Kudzivirira kwaMarudzi kwaClaus anenge makore makumi matanhatu. Manyika okuMadokero akashandisa masimba, kutyisidzira, uye kudzosa kwapamutemo kubvisa vaAmerica mukupesana neFinchimende yeFinthi. Kwakanga kusati kuri kutozosvikira kusvikira Dare reChibvumirano chekodzero dzavagari vemo repakati penyika ravamba rezana kuti hurumende yakavamba kuchengeta Hurumende yeRendemutsinhando dzinobudirira. Chisarupo chenyika inobvumira pamutemo mu [FLT] Browrown.[5]

Kuwedzera Kuenzana Kupfuura Rudzi

Musengwa webumbiro remitemo wekuenzana wakura zvikuru kupfuura kushanda kwaro kwapakuvamba kurudzi. Dare Rapamusoro rakachengetwa mu Red v. Red (1971] kuti Kudzivirira kwakaenzana kweClaus kwakarambidza vatano isina mufungo, kutanga muitiro wokushandisa kunzvera kwakawedzerwa kumitemo yakavakirwa pavatano. Zvisarudzo zvakarova mitemo yaibvisa vakadzi mubasa redare, zvakapa kudikanwa kwavarume savatarisiri vemitengo, uye kuramba vakadzi vakaroorwa kodzero yokupinda mubhizimisi. Chisarudzo cheDare mu [[FL:] OF. "5] VFLT]. [20] [5]

Nharo dzechiNgezi pamusoro pokuenzana dzinosimbisa zvikuru nhau dzegadziriro nedzegadziriro. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kuenzana kwepamutemo hakukwani kupedza kusawirirana kunopfuurira mudzidzo, pfuma, pokugara, uye migumisiro youtano inobva mukusarura kwenhau uye mhinganidzo dzinopfuurira. Nheyo idzi dzakatungamirira kutsigira kutsigira chiito chokubvuma, kupesana, uye mimwe miraudzo yakarongedzerwa kuti isvike kuva nokuenzana kwetsika panzvimbo pokungofanana. Vatsigiri vemitemo iyi vanotaura kuti kuzvipira kweBumbiro remitemo kudzivirira kunoda kuti hurumende ingorega kusarura vamwe asi kuti itore matanho anoshingaira kugadzirisa kusarurana. Vatsoropotete kuti Dare risada kubatwa kana kuti vasarutsirirwe. Izvi zvinoratidza kusawirirana kwetsika kwetsika kupfuurira pakati pezvine mitauro uye kunetsa nzanga.

Basa Resumo Mumasangano Enzanga eAmerica

Munhau yose yeAmerica, masangano enzanga akashandisa zvikurukuru mutauro wePregay nenheyo kufambisira mberi zvisakiso zvawo. Kutaura kwePregash kwokuti Bumbiro reMitemo rakatangwa ku " kutsigira Zvikomborero zveNhaka kwatiri timene neNhaka yedu" [ yave ichikosha zvikuru, achigovera gadziriro yokutaura kuti dziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo dzakatambanurwa kumapoka ayo Vavadziridzi vamene vakanga vabvisa. Mitezo dzekugumisa, kodzero dzavakadzi, kodzero dzechibharo, maruramiro echibhadharo, uye kuenzana kweroorano zvakakwezve chiono chePregtiony Union chakakwana zvikuru kusimbisa kufutunurwa kwedziviriro.

Gadziriro yokuparadza yezana ramakore rechigumi namapfumbamwe yaiwanzosiyanisa kugamuchirwa kwapakuvamba kweBumbiro reMitemo nokuzvipira kwePregatori kururamisiro nerusununguko. Frederick Douglass akataura nesimba kuti Bumbiro reMitemo, rainzwisiswa zvakanaka, rakanga riri gwaro rinorwisana nouranda raifanira kutsanangurwa mukujeka kwesumo yayo panzvimbo pokuti kubvumirana kwayo chaiko nouranda. Nepo vasiri varambidzi vose vakagoverana uyu murangariro, chibvumikiso chokuti Mitemo yeMitemo inofanira kutungamirira kududzira kwaro yayo ine simba nokuda kwouranda hunodenha. Pashure peHondo yeChizvarwa chavagari-mo, uku kutsanangura kwakabetsera kururamisa mirangariro yeChiratisitisimuro cheMitemo seya yeChisaidzo panzvimbo yokubva pairi.

Sangano ravakadzi rakashandisa zvakafanana nheyo dzePregedge kuti dzikwidzire maruramiro okuvhota. Susan B. Anthony naElizabeth Cady Stanton vakarangarira kuti nongedzero yePregail kuIsu People yaibatanidza vakadzi, avo naizvozvo vanofanira kufarikanya kodzero dzose neropafadzo dzounzi. Utungamiriri hwesangano hwakabatanidza zvakajeka kurwisana kwekodzero dzavakadzi nekodzero dzakafara kurumano rwemitemo kururamisiro nokuenzana. Apo Hurumende yeLeacentith yakatenderwa pakupedzisira muna 1920, yakatambanudzira kukwa kwemisero yevatano kuvakadzi kumarudzi ose, kuchizadzika chipikirwa chakanga chave chiri chaitwe mumavambo okutanga. Gasmendement Regation, iyo yave ichikapesana kubvira kuma 1920 asi isati yasimbiswa, inomirira nhamburiko yokuita kuenzana kwevatano.

Chivil Rights Movement yezana ramakore ra1963, rakaita nomutoo wakajeka kushandisa kukurusa uye kunobudirira mutauro wePregesa. Martin Luther King Jr.’s ine hope, yakapiwa paChirangaridzo cheLincoln Chirangaridzo muna 1963, yakakumbira zvakajeka Bumbiro reMitemo reChession reKuzvitonga senongedzero dzakanga dzisati dzakudzwa zvizere. Mambo akapikisa kuti rudzi rwakanga rwaita zvipikirwa zvarwo zvemitemo kuvagari veAfrica ndokudana nokuda kwokuzadzikwa kwechiono chavatangi. Iyi famia yakanga ichishanda zvikuru, ichipa nzvimbo yekodzero dzevoruzhinji sedzisati dzabviswa zvikuru mumagamuchidzanwa eAmerica asi sezadziko renyika yose. [FOK] paInterline Institutes Institute paS]

Kuchinja Kwenheyo Dzokutanga

Kushanda kwesumo kunotambanukira zvikuru kupfuura nzvero dzenhau kupinda munharo dzenguva ino pamusoro pekudzora kweAmerica nokuzivikanwa. Munhambo yekupesana kukuru kwezvamatongerwe enyika, Sumo inopa zvinangwa zvinogoveranwa zvinogona kubatanidza vaAmerica mumapoka avanhu. Nharidzano dzokugadza ruramisiro, kuvimbisa rugare rwemhuri, kugovera dziviriro dzavose, uye kuchengetedza rusununguko nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi hazvisati zviri zvinangwa zvenyika yose izvo vaAmerica vazhinji vanogona kutsigira. Ikoku kunoita kuti mavambo ave mutevedzero unokosha wehurukuro dzavose, kugovera hwaro hunogona kupfuurira kubva pazviri kurukurirano dzemitemo dzakajeka.

Chitsama chamashoko "chikuru chave chichikosha zvikuru mukurukurirano dzazvino uno dzebumbiro remitemo. Nzwisiso yapakuvamba yeichi chitsama chamashoko yakaganhurirwa, navavambi vazhinji vachiirangarira seganhuriro pasimba renyika panzvimbo pechipo chechiremera. zvisinei, Dare rapamusoro reMutengo raMouse Claus na Claus yavesmes yavei zvikurukuru muzvinoitika zvakadai se United States v. Darby[FLT] [[FLT] [3] (121] uye [[FLT:] na [FLD]. v [FLD]. vFLD] inosimudzira simba rehurumende. [FLT] [52] [42] [42] (1942]) akapa chiremera chikuru nokuda kwegarikidzano yegariso, nharaunda yemite yemite yegweve.

Chipikirwa chokutanga chokudzivirira zvikomborero zverusununguko kuzvizvarwa zvinomutsa mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro peruramisiro yokuzvarwa nayo nokuchengeteka. Chinjo yemamiriro okunze, zvikurukuru, inodenha rudzi kurangarira misengwa yarunayo kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera. Vatsigiri vemhoteredzo dzinotaura kuti kuzvipira kwePregation kudzivirira rusununguko rwechizvarwa chedu kunoda kuti chizvarwa chazvino chinotora chiito chine revo kugadziridza nokuchengeta zviwanikwa zvomusikirwo nokuda kwaavo vachatevera. Chibvumikiso ichi chinotambanudza nzvimbo yapamberirwo, chichiziva kuti nzanga yemitemo yemitemo yemitemo yemitemo inobatanidza kwete bedzi avo vari vapenyu asi avo vachagara nhaka rudzi munguva yemberi. Nepo matare asati asati apa chipa ichi chibvumikiso chinokosha, chinomirira kugadzirwa nokukosha kwetsika.

Nharo pamusoro pokupinda munyika, ugari, uye kuzivikanwa kworudzi dzinobatanidzawo mashoko okutanga, " Isu vanhu. Mibvunzo pamusoro pekuti ihama dzipi nedzipi dzinotonga kubvumirwa kuva mugari wemo, uye kodzero dzisiri dzechivo dzinofanira kuva nemibvunzo huru pamusoro perevo yechiono chouchangamire hwakakurumbira. Zvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusoro muzviitiko zvakadai se [[FLT:] United States v. Wong Kim Ark [[FL:] [18] [8], iyo inoumba kuva mugari wenhaka nokuda kwevana vasiri vamanyu, iyo inova inova inova inova nenzvimbo inopfuumbika pamusoro pezvisarira.

Mugumo: Simba Risingaperi Rechiono Chokutanga

Sumo yeUnited States Constitution inoramba iri kutaura kunokosha uye kune simba kwepfungwa dzeAmerica mazana maviri amakore pashure pokunge yanyorwa. Kutaura kwayo kwokuti hurumende inowana chiremera chayo kuvanhu, kurondedzerwa kwamadonzo ayo Bumbiro remitemo rakatangwa, uye kuzvipira kwayo kururamisiro, rusununguko, uye garikano yose inopfuurira kuumba hurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica nedudziro yebumbiro remitemo. Mutauro wesuo wave uchikumbirwa napurezidhendi, vatongi, vatsigiri, uye vagariwo zvavo vanotsvaka kufambisira mberi kunzwisisa kwavo izvo rudzi runofanira kuva.

Nhau yedudziro yePregageget inoratidza zvose zviri zviviri simba rinogara rechiono charo nerwisano inopfuurira kuriziva zvizere. Kugamuchira kweBumbiro remitemo rapakuvamba kwouranda nokubviswa kwavakadzi, MaIndia okuAmerica, uye kusava namagariro kubva mutezo yakazara munzanga yezvamatongerwe enyika kwakaparira mukaha pakati pemifungo yePregedge nemiitiro yenyika iyo yakaita kuti zvizvarwa zvisave pedyo. Reconstations, Civil Rights Motion, uye kukura kwedziviriro dzemitemo kumapoka aidzingwa kare kunomirira fambiro mberi kukuita zvipikirwa zvePregamedgery. Bva kusawirirana kunopfuurira nekurukurirano pamusoro peruramisiro, rusununguko, uye kuenzana zvinokarakadza kuti basa iri rinoramba risisipo.

Unyanzvi hwesumo huri mumubatanidzwa wahwo wezvakajeka nechido. Sezvo vaAmerica vachipfuurira kukurukura revo yebumbiro remitemo nepo vakazaruka zvakakwana kuti vawirirane nemamiriro ezvinhu anochinja uye kunzwisisa kuenzana. Uku kuchinjika kwakabvumira Bumbiro remitemo kutsungirira kwemazana maviri emakore, kuchichinjira kuzvinetso zvitsva zvichiramba zvichipfuurira nokufambirana nechiono chavatangi. Sezvo vaAmerica vanopfuurira kukurukura zvinoreva ruramisiro, ukuru hwekuenzana, uye rudzi rwerusununguko, kupfuudzira kucharamba kuri chiteshi chekurukurirano idzi, kuchiyeuchidza rudzi rwenheyo dzinorondedzera nhevedzano yayo yemitemo nevavariro dzinopfuurira kuita kuti iende mberi kuChinzwa chakakwana zvikuru.

Kuratidzirwa kwesumo kwechibvumirano cheAmerica kururamisiro nokuenzana hakusati kuriwo zvako kurondedzera kwenhau asi nheyo mhenyu inopfuurira kuzivisa kutsanangurwa kwebumbiro remitemo negadziriro yavose. Mashoko ayo anodenha chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe kurangarira izvo ruramisiro inoda, icho kuenzana kunoreva, uye icho rusununguko runoraira mumashoko akapoteredza enguva yacho. Vavambi vakanyora musengwa wemitemo yokutonga havangagoni kuva vakafungidzira ukuru hwakazara hwokushanda kwayo, kubva pakubviswa kwouranda kukuenzana kweroorano, kuvambira pakukura kwekodzero dzokuvhotera kusvikira kudziviriro yezviwanikwa zvemhoteredzo yapasi nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvapanguva yemberi. Bva mutauro wavakaumba wakaita nenzira inoyera zvakakwana kuti ugova nemitemo yeAmerica inopfuurira mukuedza kuzviita. Kuzvidzora kunopfuura nemhaka yokuti kunowana zvishuvo zvipi nezvipi zvamagaro, kutaura kwavanhu vose, kuda kwavo kupfurikidza nokuwana ruramisiro nokuda kwehurumende, vanhu, uye kubatira ruramisiro nokuda kwehurumende.