Chikonzero Nei Kunzwisisa Vaiti Vemitemo Kuchikosha

Vagadziri vemitemo vanoratidzirwa vanoumba anodokuva rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwezuva nezuva kupfurikidza nemitemo yavanogadzira, kurutsiridza, uye kudzokorora. Kubva pamitero yaunotera nayo nemigwagwa yaunochaira, kusvikira kumugariro wemhepo waunofema uye mipimo inodzora basa rako, mitemo inorondedzera gadziriro yenzanga yazvino uno. Bva vagari vazhinji vanowana muitiro wemitemo kuva wakajeka kana kuti unotyisa, kuvasiya vakashongedzerwa zvishomanene kuti vaite zvine revo navamiririri vavo kana kuti kuyera kushanda kweavo vari muhofisi. Kuvaka muenzaniso wakajeka wendangariro uyo zvamazvirokwazvo wemashandisirwe ebazu emitemo inoshanda kupfurikidza nezivoredzo dzinobudirira zvikuru, kushatsata kushatsa kwakawanda, uye nzwisiso huru yezvisarudzo zvinoitwa pamwe chete.

Bazu remitemo — rinonziwo mubatanidzwa wehurumende kana kuti reparamende — idare rinogadzira mitemo. Basa raro guru kukurukurirana, kunyora, uye kusvitsa mutemo unotaura nezvezvinodikanwa nezvinoshuviwa zvavose. Mugadziriro dzehurumende yehurumende, vaiti vemitemo vanosarudzwa zvakananga navanhu vavanomirira, vachiita kuti chirongwa chemitemo chive bazu rehurumende rinogamuchira nokukurumidza zvikurusa murondedzero uye, apo chinoshanda zvakanaka, mukushanda. Nyaya ino inogovera kupfupikisana kwakarongwa kwezvinodiwa nebazu remitemo, marongedzerwe anoitwa, magadzirwe anoitwa navanogadzira mitemo, mavandurire anoita mitero, uye maitiro anogona kuva nawo mashandire avanhuwo ose nenzira inobudirira mumuitiro wacho.

Kuvakwa Kwebazu Romutemo

Mitemo kupota nyika ine zvimiro zviviri zvikuru: uncameral, kureva kamuri rimwe, kana kuti bikameral, kureva makamuri maviri. Gadziriro dzebhamaral dzinozivikanwa zvikuru mumarudzi makuru, ehurumende akadai seUnited States, Canada, India, Germany, uye Australia. makamuri maviri akarongwa zvawo kumirira macontituence akasiana uye kugovera kunzvera mumwe nomumwe mukati megadziriro yokugadzira mutemo.

Mitemo Yamabhinamel: Dare Riviri, Mabasa Akasiyana

Mugadziriro yebhidaral, imba yakaderera inowanzova huru uye inosarudzwa zvakananga nevagari vemo. Mitezo inobatira mashoko mapfupi zvikuru — kazhinji kazhinji makore maviri kusvikira kumatanhatu — uye maruwa avo anokweverwa kuvimbisa kuva nemusiyano wechiverengero chavagari vemo. imba yakaderera inowanzova apo zvikwereti zvemari inovamba uye apo kurukurirano huru zvikurusa pamusoro pomutemo wavose inoitika. muUnited States, iri Imba yaVamiririri; muUnited Kingdom, iHouse of Commons; muIndia, iLok Sabba.

Imba yepamusoro, mukupesana, inowanzova dukusa uye ingamirira nzvimbo dzapasi, nyika, kana kuti maruwa panzvimbo pechiverengero chavagari vemo chakananga. Vamiriri muUnited States vanobatira mirau yamakore matanhatu, nehurumende imwe neimwe ichigamuchira vamiriri vaviri vehurumende pasinei zvapo navagari vemo, iyo inodzikamisa kumirira kwavagari vemo vemo veImba. Dzimba dzapamusoro kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzinohwirudzura mutemo unopfuudzwa neimba yakaderera, uye dzinobatira somuviri unoderedza zvikuru unogona kuderedza kugadzira mutemo kwokukurumidza. Dzimwe dzimba dzapamusoro dzinewo mitoro chaiyo yakadai sokusimbisa kugadzwa kwoukuru kana kuti zvibvumirano zvokusimbisa.

Mitemo Isina Kutenderwa: Kupfachuka uye Kumhanya

Nyika duku nedzimwe hurumende dzamarudzi ose dzinoshandisa gadziriro imwe yekambarwa imwe. Nebraska muUnited States inoshandisa mubatanidzwa wewidamal, sezvinoita nyika dzakawanda kubatanidza Denmark, New Zealand, uye Sweden. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti unicameral inoderedza muganhu, inoderedza mutengo wemitemo, uye inoderedza mutengo wehurumende. Vatsoropodzi vanodzivisa kuti inobvisa mupendero wecherekedzo uye inogona kubvumira mapoka mazhinji kupfuudza mutemo nokusaramba.

Utungamiriri Nesangano

Chirongwa chehurumende imwe neimwe chine gadziriro youtungamiriri yakarongwa inodzora kufamba kwebhizimisi. Mukuru mukuru anotungamirira — anowanzonzi Speaker mudzimba dzakaderera uye Mutungamiriri wedare kana kuti Mutungamiriri weMajorie mudzimba dzapamusoro — anodzora kurukurirano, anogovera zvikwereti kumatare, uye anochengeta nhevedzano yemiitiro. Vakuru vakuru navatungamiriri vashoma vanoronga urongwa hwedare ravo, vanorova mitezo kuti vave nechokwadi chokuvhota, uye kutaurirana. Zvigaro zvedare zvinoshandisa simba rinokosha pamusoro pezvikwereti nezvipi zvinorangarirwa. Kunzwisisa ichi chikwata chinodzora pamutemo chinobetsera vagari vemo vanoona kuti iko vadzoridzi vemitemo panhau dzakananga.

Kuratidzirwa Kunoitwa Vaiti Vemitemo

Vanamakanika chaivo vanosiyana - siyana munyika dzakawanda, asi zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoumba mutemo zvinoda kuitwa munyika yose: kusarudza nguva dzose, kusarudzwa kunotaurwa, uye kusarudzwa kwokukwikwidzana.

Mashandiro Anoita Michina: Mashanduriro Anoita Michina Yemagetsi Nemasero

Maverengero anoita vhoti nokuchinjwa kuva zvigaro zvemitemo ane mugumisiro mukuru kuna ani anosarudzwa uye marudzi emitemo inoitwa nedare. Kune gadziriro nhatu dzinotonga:

  • Kutanga-kapfuura-post (FPP)[FTP:1] — Voters vanosarudza mubhadhari mumwe muruwa rwavo, uye muvhoti mukuru anohwina. Iyi gadziriro inowanzoparira makwikwi maviri ezvikamu uye mativi makuru akasimba, asi inogona kusiya vavhoti vazhinji pasina mufananidzo. United States, United Kingdom, uye Canada inoshandisa FPTP nokuda kwedzimba dzavo dzakaderera.
  • Kumirira kwePROPOTIONAL [[PR] — Voters dzinosarudza nzvimbo panzvimbo pevada kusarudzwa, uye zvigaro zvinogoverwa mukuwirirana nechiverengero chevhoti imwe neimwe inogamuchira. Mitemo inobudisa masangano ane mibatanidzwa mizhinji uye inovimbisa kuti mapoka maduku apinde inzwi, asi anogona kutungamirira kuhurumende dzine mibatanidzwa ingava isina kutsiga. Germany, Sweden, uye Israel inoshandisa maPR.
  • Mitemo yemitezo [ — Dzimwe nyika dzinobatanidza FPTP nePR, naizvozvo vavhoti vanokanda mavhota maviri: rimwe romumiriri womunzvimbomo uye rimwe nokuda kwepati. Germany neNew Zealand zvinoshandisa ratidziro yemitezo yakavhengana yemitezo (MMP), iyo inobatanidza kuzvidavirira kwomunzvimbomo nemigumisiro.

Mitemo Nokuderedza

Muiti mumwe nomumwe anomirira ruwa rwakati rwenzvimbo, kunze kwemuitiro wegadziriro huru umo nyika yose kana kuti nyika inovhota seruwa rumwe. Miganhu yoruwa inokweverwazve panhambo nenhambo kuti iratidzire chinjo dzavagari vemo, muitiro unonzi redidifigication. Munyika zhinji, komishoni yakazvimirira inobata purofiti kuti idzivise kubatwa zvisina kufanira. Apo masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anodzora muitiro wacho, angapinda mukuvhotera — kukwevera miganhu yebato rimwe kupfuura rimwe — iro rinogona kuderedza makwikwikwi okuda mumipandemupidhi.

Kusarudza Kunokosha Nokusarudza

Mune dzimwe gadziriro, zvikurukuru muUnited States, mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika anoita sarudzo huru kuti asarudze kuti ndiani mutevedzeri achamirira mubato murusarudzo. Vavhoti vanogona kuva vakazaruka (munhu upi noupi angatora), vakavharwa (mitezo yebato bedzi ingavhota), kana kuti kashoma. Mitemo inopesvedzera kana kuti kuva navada kunyanyoda kufambira mberi, nemhaka yokuti vavhoti vakuru vakuru vanowanzo iduku zvikuru uye vane pfungwa dzakawanda kupfuura vasaruri vehurumende. Dzimwe nyika dzinovimba noutungamiriri hwebato kana kuti kokorodzano kuti dzisarudze, izvo zvinopa vakakwirira zvikuru pamusoro pevamiririri venzvimbo.

Kutsigira Kushanda Kwemari, uye Kushandisa Mari

Kumhanyisa nokuda kwehofisi yemitemo kunoda zviteshi zvinokosha. Vatendi vanofanira kuvaka zita, kukurukura chikuva chavo, uye kunyengetedza — zvose zvinodyira mari. Mitemo yemari yeCampaign inosiyana zvikuru: dzimwe nyika dzinogovera mari yavose, nepo dzimwe dzichivimba nemipiro yadzo dzoga. Mitemo yokuona chitarisiko inoda kuziviswa kwezvipo zvikuru muhurumende dzinotonga dzakawanda, asi mari isina tariro uye masangano endyiko anozvimirira anogona kuvhara kuti anenge ari kutsigira bhirindi. Vagari vanonzwisisa nzira dzemari yemari vanogona kuyera zviri nani kana mavhota omugadziri wemitemo achiwirirana nezvinodiwa zvavo kana kuti nezvinokosha zvavo.

Kuronga Mitemo: Kuva Kunoita Bhiri Mutemo

Kubva papfungwa yakagadzwa kuenda kumutemo muitiro wamaune, wakawanda wakarongedzerwa kuva nechokwadi chokurangarirwa kwakafara uye kudzivisa zvisarudzo zvokukurumidzira. Nepo udzame huchisiana mumapoka edzimba dzomutemo, muenzaniso wenzvimbo shanu pasi pano unotora rwendo runokosha rwomutemo wakawanda.

Chivako 1: Sumo uye Kudzoka

Muiti wemitemo anonyora bhiriti, kazhinji kazhinji nebetsero yavashandi vanodzidzira, zano rapamutemo, uye mapoka ezviwanwa. Mutengo unopinzwa mukamuri ripi neripi (kunyange zvikwereti zvemari zvinofanira kutanga muimba yakaderera mumagadziriro mazhinji). Angotangwa, mukuru mukuru anotungamirira anonongedzera dare rakamira rine tarisiro pamusoro penhau — somuenzaniso, mari yokurima inoenda kudare rezvokurima, dare rezvoutano rinoendeswa kudare routano. Iyi nhano inonzvera inotsoropodza nemhaka yokuti zvigaro zvine uchenjeri hwokuisa kana kuviga mutemo wedare.

Chivako 2: Chiito cheDare

Matare ndiwo anoitirwa basa rine udzame zvikurusa rokuita mitemo. Dare ringaita kuti zvipupurire kuunganidzwa kwezvipupuriro zvinobva kunyanzvi, vakuru vakuru vehurumende, uye vapari vemitengo inotapurwa. Ipapo mitezo inosangana murusando rwokupa mari kuti ikurukure kurukurirano uye kuvhota kuti ipiwe pamutemo kunzvimbo yakazara. Zvikwereti zvizhinji zvinofa pachikamu chino — hazvitongosarudzirwi — ndicho chikonzero nei gadziriro yedare ichinzi nenzira yakarurama makuva emitemo. Bills anofambira mberi anoperekedzwa nomushumo wedare kutsanangura donzo racho, miuyo inokarirwa, uye mirangariro ipi neipi inopesana.

Chikamu 3: Kukakavadzana Nokutamba

Kana bhii rikasvika pauriri hwekamuri, rinozokurukurwa maererano nemitemo inosiyana murumano. Mune dzimwe dzimba dzokugadza mitemo, nhengo ipi neipi ingataura kwenguva refu sezvainoda (nharo dzisina kuganhurirwa, semuU.S. Dare kutoti rakumbirwa). Mune dzimwe, nguva yokukurukurirana inogoverwa chose. Kuchinja kungapiwa kubva pauriri, kunyange zvazvo makamuri akawanda achiganhurira kua kuvana vane miganhu yenhau yepepa. Pashure pokugumisa, mavhota, nenzwi — kuvhota, kana kuti kuvhota kwakanyorwa. Ruzhinji rwakapfava runodikanwa zvikurukuru nokuda kwokutora, kunyange zvazvo mamwe masangano akadai seamasangano makurusa.

Chikamu 4: Kuyanana Pakati Pedzimba

Mumiitiro yebimaral, makamuri ose ari maviri anofanira kupfuura zvimiro zvakafanana zvemitemo isati yagona kuva mutemo. Kana makamuri akapfuudza shanduro dzakasiana - siana, anofanira kupedza misiano yawo. Ikoku kazhinji kazhinji kunoitika kupfurikidza nedare redare remisangano rakabva kumativi ose ari maviri anokurukura shanduro inobvumiraniswa pane zvisina kufanira. Chibvumirano chokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira ipapo chinofanira kutenderwa nemakamuri ose ari maviri pasina kumwe kugadziriswa. Kana pasina kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kugona kusvikwa, mutemwa wacho unofa.

Chikamu 5: Kuita Nesimba

Kana makamuri ose ari maviri angotendera mutemo wakafanana, mari yacho inotumirwa kumukuru mukuru wehurumende — mutungamiriri wehurumende, gavhuna, kana kuti mutungamiriri wehurumende — kuti atendere. Mukuru mukuru angasaina mari yacho mumutemo, aibvumire kuva mutemo pasina siginicha (tendero isina basa inoshandiswa mune dzimwe gadziriro), kana kuti kuitendera. Kana mukuru mukuru wacho akabvisa bhiri racho, mutemi wedare angakunda vavhu, zvikurukuru achida kuti pave netutatu tuviri twakakwirira mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Bviro rokupa mukuru mukuru mukuru wehurumende chiwinotsiro chine simba mukati memiitiro yokubvumira mutemo, kunyange pamberi pokusvika pachibhariro chadzo.

Basa Rematare Mubasa Rokuronga Mitemo

Vaiti vemitemo vanobvumira kuti vave nounyanzvi mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vatungamirire masangano anotungamirira, uye vatarisire mutemo mukuru usina mutengi mumwe chete angagona kuongorora ari oga.

Matare Akamira

Matare enguva dzose ane zviremera zvakatsiga — zvakadai seAppropriation, Judiary, Education, uye Foreign Affairs — anobata basa guru remitemo. Mitezo inogoverwa kumatare akavakirwa paunyanzvi hwayo, kukura, uye zvisarudzo zvebato. migove yedare iri pakati pezvisarudzo zvinoguma zvaita muiti wemitemo, sezvazvinosarudza kuti inharaundai dzemiitiro idzo muiti wemitemo anogona kupesvedzera zvakananga zvikurusa.

Sarudza Matare Anokosha

Matare echinguvana anoumbwa kunzvera nhau chaidzo kana kuti kubata nhau dzinopesana nedzoudzori hwamatare akamira aripo.Mienzaniso inobatanidza matare anosarudza uchenjeri, tsika, kana kuti davidzo yakapararira. Aya matare anofa zvikurukuru pashure pokupa mushumo wawo kana kuti pashure penhambo yakatarwa.

Kutarisira Nokuongorora

Kupfuura mitemo yokunyora, matare ane mhaka dzokunzvera mashandisirwe emitemo ichiripo. Anogona kumanikidza chipupuriro chinobva kuvakuru vakuru vebazu, vagari vemo voga, uye masangano. Utungamiriri icherekedzo yakakomba pasimba rehurumende — inovimbisa kuti mitemo inopedzerwa seyakarongwa uye kuti mari yomutero inoshandiswa zvakafanira. Kutarisira kwenguva dzose kunogoverawo nzanga uko zvinetso zvinogona kuoneka uye kukurukurwa zvisati zvava njodzi.

Kutarisira uye Kuzvidavirira: Kuzvidavirira Kunoita Hurumende

Bazu remitemo haringoiti mitemo chete; rinoongororawo maitirwo anoitwa mitemo iyoyo.iri basa rokutarisira rinokosha pakuparadzana kwemasimba uye kuchengeta chivimbo chavose muhurumende.

Kudzora Mari

Kudzora chikwama chavose ndichimwe chezvishandiso zvekaresa uye zvine simba zvikurusa zvemasangano emitemo. Masangano mazhinjisa emitemo anofanira kutendera bhajeti yegore negore, iyo inoapa simba guru kupfuura zvinoiswa pakutanga. Kupfurikidza nokuramba kutsigira mapurogiramu akati kana kuti kupfurikidza nokubatanidza migariro kukushandisa, vaiti vemitemo vanogona kuumba miuyo pasina kupfuudza mitemo mitsva. Muitiro webhajeti kazhinji kazhinji ndiwo mubato wemitemo unokakavara zvikurusa uye unoparira muuyo wetsika gore rimwe nerimwe.

Kusimbiswa Kwezvirongwa Zvokuroorana

Mumiitiro yakawanda, kamuri rapamusoro rinofanira kusimbisa kugadzwa kukuru kwevakuru vakuru namatare. Ikoku kunopa nzvero pasimba ravakuru vakuru kuvashandi vehurumende nematare. Kusimbiswa kunobvumira vaiti vemitemo kunzvera zvikwaniriso zvavanemine, chinyorwa chetsika, uye mirangariro yemiitiro. Kuramba muminene ane musengwa hakuwanzoitiki zvikuru asi kunokosha mune zvamatongerwe enyika apo kunoitika.

Kuvavarira Nokuparadzana

Mabumbiro ehurumende mazhinjisa anogovera mutoo wokubvisa nawo vakuru vakuru vakuru (uye pane dzimwe nguva vatongi) vanoita misikanzwa yakakomba. Imba yakaderera inowanzovhota panhau dzokusatenderwa, uye imba yapamusoro inotonga kutonga uye kuvhota pakubviswa. Kudzorwa itsika yezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo pomuitiro woutsotsi, uye mipimo yokubvisa inosiana. Inoshandiswa nenzira yakaganhurirwa uye inoitirwa sechisarudzo chokupedzisira apo mimwe miitiro yokuzvidavirira yakundikana.

Nzira Iyo Vagari Vayogona Kubatanidzwa Nayo Nebazu Romutemo

Kunzwisisa kuti bazi remitemo rinoshanda sei kunobatsira kana richitungamirira kuchiito.Vagari vemo vane nzira dzakawanda dzavanogona kushandisa pakuita mitemo uye kuita kuti vamiririri vavo vazvidavirire.

Kupa Mashoko Muzvisarudzo Nemabhiriji

Kutsinhana ndicho chishandiso chakananga zvikurusa uye chine simba. Nemhaka yokuti vatongi vanotarisana nerusarudzozve nguva dzose, kariro yomuvhoti inoumba mufambiro wavo. Kuvhota musarudzo huru kunokosha zvikuru, sezvo kuvhota zvikurukuru kuri kwakaderera uye chiverengero chiduku chavavhoti vanogona kusarudza kuti vapi vanotamburira kurusarudzo rwavose. Vagari vemo vanoda miuyo ine simba zvikuru yemitemo vanofanira kusanzvera bedzi vadaviri asi uyewo migove yedare namarekodhi okuvhota.

Kuonana Nevanogadzira Mitemo

Kukurukurirana kwomunhu oga kubva kuvanhu — nefoni, email, kana kuti tsamba — kunorema chaizvo. Majekiseni anonyora tsamba anoona zvinhu zvakabatana nokuti anoratidza zvinhu zvinokosha uye migumisiro ingagona kusarudzwa. Kukurukurirana kunoshanda kwakananga, kunoremekedza, uye kunonangidzirwa pachinyorwa chimwe. Kududza nhamba dzezvikwangwani, migove yematare, uye zvikumbiro zvakananga zvechiito zvinoratidza kuti mutevedzeri wacho aziviswa uye akumbirwa. Kusangana nevanogadza mitemo kana kuti vashandi vavo munguva dzebasa reruwa kunogona kuva netapurofiti huru.

Kupupurira Kunzwa Nokutora Rutivi Mutsinhiro Yavose

Hurumende dzakawanda dzinobvumira vagari vemo kupa chipupuriro chakanyorwa kana kuti kuoneka pakutonga kwavose pamutemo unokarakadzwa. Iri ibanza rokugoverana ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwomunhu oga, unyanzvi hwemiitiro, kana kuti mirangariro yenzanga. Ufakazi hunoshanda zvikurusa apo hunogovera mienzaniso yakajeka yokuti mutengo ungatapura sei vanhu chaivoivo, uye apo unopa dzimwe nzira dzinovaka panzvimbo pechishorowo zvacho.

Mubato Womutemo Unotevera

Masangano ehurumende akawanda anochengeta mawebsite avanhu uko vagari vemo vanogona kunyora zvikwereti, kutarira dare uye kurukurirano dzouriri, uye kuona zvinyorwa zvokuvhota. Kutevera basa remitemo munguva chaiyoiyo kunobvumira vagari vemo kuronga nhamburiko dzokuvhota, kungwadza masangano avo pamusoro pevhoti dzinokosha, uye kuita kuti vaiti vemitemo vazvidavirire nokuda kwezviito zvavo. Masangano ehurumende ehurumende uye zvinobudisa nhau zvomunzvimbomo zvigoverawo kupetwa kujeka kuri nyore kwezviitiko zvemitemo.

Kubatanidzwa Namapoka Avafundisi Nemapati Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Masangano anobatana anofarira zvirongwa zvevagari vemo anoita kuti zviwedzere kubudirira. Mapoka ezvourezi anoronga mitemo, anoronga kuedza kushandira pamwe, uye anopa kuongorora kwounyanzvi. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anopa nzira yokuti vagari vemo vapesvedzedze purogiramu dzemitemo kubva mukati megadziriro, kupfurikidza nokutora rutivi mumisangano yemapati, kutsaura vanoda kufunda, uye kuisa nzvimbo dzechikuva.

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Namapazu Ane Mitemo Nhasi

Vagari vomunharaunda vanonzwisisa zvinetso izvi vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kuti vatsigire kuchinja kunosimbisa masangano ehurumende dzinotonga vanhu.

Kuita Kuti Simba Rive Nemarara

Munyika dzakawanda, masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika ava anowirirana zvikuru uye anorwisana zvikuru, achideredza nzvimbo yokubvumiranisa. Mutemo unoita kuti pave nemitemo — kusakwanisa kupfuudza mutemo unokosha kunyange apo zvinetso zvinobvumwa zvikuru — anobvisa chivimbo chavanhu uye anochinja simba kubazi guru. Kuchinja kwakadai sokuvhota kwakarongwa, masangano okuzvimirira, uye chinjo kuvana vavanamudiki dzakakarakadzwa semishonga, asi rimwe nerimwe rinotakura zvibvumirano zvaro zvokutengeserana.

Kukudzwa Kwechiremera

Mune dzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu, bazu guru rakaunganidza simba pandyiko dzechirongwa. Ikoku kunogona kuitika kupfurikidza nemirairo yavakuru vakuru, kushandiswa kukuru kwamasimba ekurumidziro, kana kuti kupfurikidza nokungodzora purogiramu dzemitemo apo boka rimwe chetero rinenge rina mapazu ose ari maviri.

Mari Muzvamatongerwe Enyika

Mitengo yokutsigira mativi avanhu, mirau yokutsigira kutsigira kutsigira bhizimisi, uye miganhu yemipiro inoitwa nehurumende dzakawanda kuti dzigadzirise izvi. Vagari vemo vanogona kutsigira masangano anotsigira kugadziriswa kwemari uye vanogona kuisa vanoda kuderedza simba remari mune zvematongerwe enyika.

Kusazivisa uye Kuvimba Kunoderera

Mitemo inotsamira pahwaro hweidi hunogoveranwa uye pachivimbo chavanhu mumiitiro yedemokrase. Nhimbe dzeDignostic dzinosekesa chivimbo muzvisarudzo, muperero yavaiti vemitemo, kana kuti mukuva pamutemo kwemiuyo yemitemo kunoparira tyisidziro yakananga kumano ebazu rewirirano. Kugona kushambadza pepanhau rinozvimirira, uye kunzvera kwakakomba idzero dzinokosha idzo vagari vemo vanogona kusakurira pamwero womunhu oga nenzanga.

Bazu Rine Mutemo Mugadziriro Yakafara yeHurumende

Bazu remitemo harishandi mukuparadzaniswa. Rutivi rwegadziriro yechekero nedzikamo zvakagadzirirwa kudzivisa bazu ripi neripi kusadzora. Mutarisiri anogombedzera mitemo, mutongi anoidudzira, uye mutongi anoigadzira. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rine midziyo yokudzorera kudzimwe: chibvumirano chinogona kukunda mabhadharo, ganhuriro, uye vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanogona kubvisa mitemo uye kubudisa mirairo yevakuru vakuru; vatongi vanogona kuputsa mitemo sechigaro. Kunzwisisa bazu remitemo mukati moichirongwa chakafara zvikuru kunobetsera vagari vemo kuyera kana gadziriro yose ichishanda sezvainofanira.

Nokuda kwokunzvera kwakadzama kwenzira iyo masangano emitemo anoenzanisa nayo mugadziriro dzakasiana-------------------all yehurumende, inhungamiro yeParamende yeUK kunzira yainoshanda nayo inogovera kupetwa kwakaisvonaka kwetsika yeWestminstern-sty. [[[FLT:]] . [[FLT]]] mirangariro yenyika dzakawanda, [[FLT:]] yeINUTAUROMET-P] YOKUPARANGAURWA. [FLT] inobudisa mashoko akaenzana namano enyika, uye [FLT] nyika inoparwa zvikuru yemitengo.[5]

mhedziso

Vagadziri vemitemo vanoziviswa idivi rokuva mumiriri wehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Vanoshandura kuda kwavanhu kuva mitemo inobatanidza iyo nzanga inoumba, inogovera zviwanikwa, uye inorondedzera kodzero nemitoro. Bazu remitemo rakarongedzerwa noune kuva rinorerutsa, rinova rakananga, uye rinoita zvakanaka — asi kubudirira kwaro kunotsamira pakuvimbisa kwokushingaira kwevagari vemo vanoziva. Kunzwisisa kuti vatengi vanosarudzwa sei, kuti matare anoshanda sei, kuti zvikwereti zvinova sei mitemo, uye kuti zvinoitei sei kuti zvishandire zviri nani kugovera zvishandiso zvavanoda kuti vabatane. Vagari vemo pavanonzwisisa tsika, vanogona kuibudirira, vangaita kuti vapindukire, uye vatsigire vatsigiriri vavo pamusoro pemitemo uye nheyo zvavanoitira hanya. Muteveri wedare wemitemo anoda kungwarira, uye kukumbira kutsigira zviri nani kubva kumasangano ose anodzora.