Zvaunofanira Kuziva Nezvezvirongwa Zvepamutemo Zvehurumende

Kunyange zvazvo mutauro womutemo uchigona kunzwa usingasvikiki, mugadziri wezviri pasi penhau ine musoro unotevera nhevedzano ine musoro. Nyaya inoputsa nhanho dzinokosha dzenhau yehurumende mumashoko akajeka, anoshanda kuitira kuti unzwisise zvinoitika, nei zvichiitika, uye zvaunogona kutarisira panhanho imwe neimwe.

Hurumende imwe neimwe inochengeta gadziriro yayo imene yedare nemitemo yemitemo, asi gadziriro huru inowirirana mumativi ose enyika makumi mashanu.Kunzwisisa iyi gadziriro kunokubatsira kunzvera migariro yemitemo nechivimbo chikuru uye nezvinokatyamadza zvishomanene zvikuru.

Hwaro Hwematare Ehurumende

Dare rehurumende rinobata nhau zhinjisa dzemitemo muUnited States. Dzinobata nenhau dzakadai sekuvadziko yomunhu oga, kakavadzano, nhau dzinodzorwa nemuridzi wenzvimbo, mutemo wemhuri, mhaka dzoutsotsi, uye dare rehurumende. Kusafanana nematare ehurumende, ayo anobata nhau dzinobatanidza mhaka dzemutemo wehurumende kana kuti dzebumbiro remitemo, matare ehurumende ndiwo asingakwanisi nokuda kwekakavadzano dzapamutemo dzakawanda.

Zvirongwa zvematare ehurumende zvinowanzobatanidza mitsetse mitatu:

  • [ matare echiThoma [ — apo mhaka dzinotanga uye ufakazi hunopiwa
  • matare eAppenellate — ayo anohwirudzura zvisarudzo zvedare zvokutonga nokuda kwezvikanganiso zvapamutemo
  • Sango rematare makurusa — dare rakakwirira zvikurusa munyika, iro rine chirevo chokupedzisira panhau dzomutemo wehurumende

Dzimwe nyika dzinewo matare chaiwo, akadai sematare maduku okupomera, matare emhuri, kana kuti matare ehurumende, akagadzirirwa kubata marudzi akati enhau nenzira inobudirira zvikuru.

Kudzima Mhaka Yedare

Muitiro wapamutemo unovamba apo mumwe munhu anotanga nhau kupfurikidza nokunyora magwaro nedare rakafanira rokutonga. Iyi nhano, inozivikanwa se inobatanidza chiito [, inoda mapepa akananga uye kunamatira kumitemo yakananga yenyika.

Chinyunyuto Kana Kuti Chikumbiro

Rugwaro rwokutanga runonyorwa runowanzonzi runotsanangura [[FLT] munhau dzevagari vemo kana kuti reconfict kana kupomera [[[FLT]] mumhosva. chinyorwa ichi chinobudisa maidi makuru egakava uye chinotaura kuti rudzikinuro ruri kutsvaka chii. Munyaya yevagari vemo, zororo ringada kurangwa, mutongo, kana kuti dare rinoda kuita chimwe chinhu chakananga. Mumhaka yeutsotsi, hurumende inounza pomero pamusoro pomukwidzi woutsotsi.

Zvinodikanwa Zvinojeka

Mugariro uri wose une zvinodikanwa zvawo umene zvokunyora. Kazhinji kazhinji, unofanira:

  • Bvuma mafomu akarurama emhaka yacho
  • Ripira mari, iyo inogona kuvambira pa $50 mukutaura kuduku kusvikira kumazana anoverengeka amadhora munhau dzevagari vemo dzakaoma kunzwisisa
  • Govera makopi okunyunyuta kwebato rimwe nerimwe rinodudzwa mudare
  • Fairati iri munyika yakarurama kana kuti ruwa rwokutonga

Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira vabhadhari nokuda kwavanhu vanoratidzira nhamo yemari.

Basa Rokugadzirira

Pashure pokunyora, mubato uyo akatanga mhaka yacho anofanira kuzivisa nenzira yakarongwa rumwe rutivi. Iyi nhano inonzi system yebasa. dare harisati richizopfuurira kusvikira mukwirirwi kana kuti mhinduro yave yabatira zvakanaka nekopi yenyunyuto namadaidziro, inovaudza kuti vane nguva yakaganhurirwa yokupindura. Basa rinogona kupedzwa nomuteveri wapachivande, kana kuti mune zvimwe zvinoitika, tsamba dzinotenderwa. Mitemo inosiana nehurumende, uye basa risina kufanira inogona kunonotsa nhau kana kuti kunyange muuyo wokubudiswa.

Zvinoitwa Pamberi Pezvikuru

Kana mukwirirwi angoitwa bedzi, nhau yacho inopinda munhambo isati yatongwa. iyi nhambo inogona kutora pari pose kubva pamavhiki mashomanene kusvikira kumakore anoverengeka, kuchitsamira pakuoma kwenhau yacho nerudungwe rwedare.

Mhinduro Nezviito Zvokutanga

Mukwirirwi anofanira kunyora mhinduro yakanyorwa, inonzi mhinduro, mukati medanga chairo renguva, kazhinji kazhinji mazuva 20 kusvikira ku 30 pashure pebasa. Mumhinduro, mukwiridziridziri anobvuma kana kuti kuramba mhaka imwe neimwe mukunyunyuta. Mukwirirwi angamutsawo dziviriro dzinobvuma kana kuti mapepa anorwisana nomupomeri.

Asati anyora mhinduro, mukwirirwi angasarudza kunyora mirangariro, achikumbira dare kupedza nhau dzakati pakuvamba. Kupindura kunowanzoitwa pamberi pekupindura kunobatanidza:

  • [[FT:0] Commentation kuti adzinge — achisimbisa kuti kunyange kana maidi ose ari mukunyunyuta wacho ari echokwadi, murambi haana hwaro hwapamutemo hwekutaura
  • . . . . . . . .
  • Motion kurova[ — kukumbira dare kubvisa kutaura kusina kufanira kana kuti kusina kufanira munyunyuto yacho

Kuwana

Kuwana kunowanzova nguva yakawanda zvikuru yenhau yehurumende. Ndiyo nzira iyo mativi ose ari maviri anotsinhana nayo mashoko ndokuunganidza ufakazi hwokugadzirira nokuda kwokutongwa. Kuwana kunobetsera kubvisa zvishamiso uye kunobvumira boka rimwe nerimwe kuyera simba neutera hwenhau yavo.

Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakuwana zvinhu zvinosanganisira:

  • [[[FORT:0] Kududzira [ — mibvunzo yakanyorwa inofanira kupindurwa pasi pemhiko
  • Nzvero dzokubudiswa kwamagwaro — kukumbira maemail akakodzera, zvibvumirano, marekodhi ezvokurapa, kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu
  • wirirano — mubvunzurudzo dzinoitwa mumhiko umo magweta anobvunza zvapupu, mapoka, kana kuti nyanzvi
  • Kukumbira nokuda kwokubvuma [ — kukumbira rumwe rutivi kubvuma kana kuti kuramba maidi chaiwo kumanikidzira nhau dzokutongwa

Somuenzaniso, nyika dzakawanda dzinoganhurira nhamba yevabvunzurudzi kana kuti nzvimbo dzinobvumirwa nedare pasina mvumo. Kunetsa kuonekwa kwenhau kunowanzoitika, uye vatongi vanowanzopindira kuti vagadzirise kusawirirana pamusoro pezvinofanira kubudiswa.

Kutanga Kufamba Nemisangano

Sezvo musi wokutonga unosvika, dare ringabata misangano yapamberi pedare kukurukura izvo dare ringada kugadzirirwa, mikana yokugadzikisa, uye nhau dzinotevedzerwa. Pachikamu chino, magweta anganyora mashoko muLimine, anokumbira dare kubvisa ufakazi hwakati kuti pakutongwa. Kufamba kwePremlyC kunogona kuumba zvikuru izvo vatongi kana kuti mutongi vanonzwa.

Kufambira Mberi Kwemutemo

Kana nyaya yacho isati yapera kana kuti kudzingwa isati yatongwa, inopfuurira kusvika kudanho rokutonga.

Kusarudzwa Kwajury

Muzvinoitika umo kutonga kwedare rinobetsera vatongi kunorairwa, muitiro unovamba ne wakaipa zvikuru, kusarudzwa kwamatare. Ose ari maviri magweta nemutongi vanopanikira vangava vatongi kuti vaone tsvoka kana kuti rwisano dzemhindu. Rudzi rumwe norumwe runogona kudenha nhamba yakati yevatongi nokuda kwechisakiso ndokushandisa chiverengero chakaganhurirwa chezvinetso [ funganyo [ yokudzinga vatongi pasina kutaura chikonzero. Nhamba yezvinetso zvokurerutsa inosiana nechimiro.

Kutaura Kwokuzarura

Mashoko okuzarura haasi matauriro ezvicharatidzwa nouchapupu.

Kuratidzwa Ufakazi

Mutongi kana kuti muchuchisi anopa nhau yavo pakutanga, kudana zvapupu nokusuma magwaro, mapikicha, chipupuriro chounyanzvi, kana kuti humwe ufakazi. Pashure pokunge chapupu chimwe nechimwe chapupurira pa nzvero yakananga[, gweta rinoshora rine mukana wokuita [ kunzvera kwokupamhikira. Nharidzano yokuedza kuyera kwechapupu chavo.

Pashure pokunge mupurisa awana mhaka yake, dziviriro inopa ufakazi hwayo. Kudzivirira kungadana zvapupu, kusuma magwaro, kana kuti chipupuriro chazvino. Muteveri angapa ipapo ufakazi hunoratidza [[[FLT: 0]] hwokupindura nhau itsva dzakamutswa nedziviriro. Kana mativi ose ari maviri angopedza kupa ufakazi, kutonga kunoguma kukuvara.

Kutaura Kunopfiga

Kusiyana nemashoko okutanga, nharo dzokugumisa dzinosanganisira kutsinhira, kududzira, uye kukwirira kwepfungwa — asi dzinofanira kuramba dziri muuchapupu hunopiwa paitongwa nyaya yacho.

Mirayiridzo Nekushandisa Bvumbiro

Mukutonga kwedare rinobetsera vatongi, mutongi anorairidza vatongi pamusoro pomutemo vanofanira kushanda kumaidi. iyi miraidzo yakakomba nemhaka yokuti inorondedzera mipimo yapamutemo inofanira kushandiswa nedare rinobetsera vatongi.Vatongi ipapo vamaune kutozosvikira vasvika chisarudzo.

Rutongeso Nokukwirira

Apo kutonga kunoguma, dare rinopa kutonga. Mukutonga kwedare rinobetsera vatongi, mutongi anoita chisarudzo, uye mutongi anopinda murutongeso rwakavakirwa pachisarudzo ichocho. Mudare rebhenji, apo pasina dare rinobetsera rinobatanidzwa, mutongi anonyora chisarudzo nezvinoitika nemhedziso zvomutemo.

Mhando Dzokutonga

  • [[[Ntodzi] Chisarudzo [ — chinopedza nhau dzose pakati pepati uye chinogumisa nhau yacho
  • Rutongeso rwapamberi — rwakapinda apo mumwe munhu anokundikana kupindura kana kuti kuoneka mudare
  • [[FT:0] Chisarudzo chakakomba — chinopiwa pamberi pomuedzo apo kunenge kusina maidi enhau mugakava uye munhu mumwe ane maruramiro okuwina senhau yomutemo
  • Chisarudzo chaibvumirwa [ — chakavakirwa pachibvumirano pakati pebato, chakatenderwa nedare

Kufadza Kunoita

Mubato unorasikirwa pakutongwa ungakwirira kudare rapamusoro. Zvisinei, kukwirira hakusati kuri mukana wechipiri wokupa ufakazi kana kuti kutaura maidi. dare rinoongorora chinyorwa chokutonga nokuda zvikanganiso zvamagarire[ — zvikanganiso mutongi anoitwa mukududzira kana kuti kushandisa mutemo. Varidzi vanofadza, vanonzi appant[, vanofanira kuratidza kuti chikanganiso chakaitika uye kuti chakatapura muuyo wenhau yacho.

Kukumbira kunosanganisira:

  • Kunyora chiziviso chekufadza [ mukati menhambo yorumano, kazhinji kazhinji mazuva 30 kubva kurutongeso
  • Kugadzirira chinyorwa pakukwidza [, icho chinobatanidza marekodhi emiedzo nemakopi ezvinyorwa zvose zvinokosha
  • Kupa mashoko mapfupi [ — zvibvumikiso zvapamutemo zvine udzame zvinotsanangura chikonzero nei dare rinotonga rakakanganisa kana kuti chikonzero nei rutongeso ruchifanira kutsigirwa
  • ral [ — kunzwika kupfupi apo magweta anopa mapfundo azvo makuru ndokupindura mibvunzo inobva kuvatongi

Dare redare rinotonga rinogona kusimbisa chisarudzo chedare, kuchichinja, kuchichinja, kana kuti kudzorera nhau yacho nokuda kwekutonga kutsva. Muzvinoitika zvisingawanzoitiki, dare guru rehurumende ringabvuma kunzwa chikumbiro chinobva kudare rapakati, asi nhau zhinjisa dzinoguma pamwero wapakati.

Kumanikidzwa Kwemirairo Yedare

Kana munhu wacho akarasikirwa asingatevedzeri murayiro wedare nokuzvidira, anohwina anofanira kutora mamwe matanho epamutemo kuti auite.

Mitoo Yokushandisa Yakarovedzeka

  • Wage inshonga — murayiro wedare unoda kuti mushandirwi abvise chikamu chemari inotambirwa nomukwereti ndokuchitumira kumukwereti
  • Bank levy — kuisa chivakasha cheakaundi yebhangi uye kutora mari kuti igutse rutongeso
  • [[FORT:0] property n’inheepe — kuisa maruramiro epamutemo panzvimbo nenzvimbo vakweretesi, avo vanofanira kuripirwa zvinhu zvisati zvagona kutengeswa
  • Kutengesa nokutengesa zvinhu zvomunhu oga[ — kuchengetwa kwomutemo kungatora mumuviri nezvinhu zvokutengesa zvakafanana nemotokari, midziyo, kana kuti zvinokosha
  • Kutonga [ — kunoshandiswa apo boka rinoramba kuwirirana nemurairo wedare, zvakadai sokukundikana kubhadhara tsigiro yavana kana kuti kushandura magwaro. dare ringaisa faindi kana kuti nguva yejeri kutozosvikira pabato

Somuenzaniso, mutemo wehurumende unoganhurira chitsama chinogona kubviswa pamubhadharo, uye nyika dzakawanda dzinoregerera zvinhu zvakati, zvakadai seimba yokutanga kana kuti maturusi okushandisa basa, pakubatwa nechibharo.

Kubviswa Kwomutongo uye Kumutsidzirwa

Rutongeso rwedare harugari nokusingaperi. Rutongeso rwakawanda zvikurusa rwehurumende runoshanda nokuda kwechiverengero chakatemwa chamakore, zvikurukuru makore 10 kusvikira ku 20, pashure parwo runopera. Zvisinei, nyika zhinji dzinobvumira mutongo kuwiriraniswa ne mutsva [ kutonga kusati kwapera, kuchitambanudza kushandisika kwarwo. Kunokosha kuronda nguva dzakagadzwa nemhaka yokuti rutongeso rwapashure runogona kuva rwakaoma kana kuti rusingabviri kuunganidza.

Kugadzirisa Kumwe Kusawirirana

Hadzisi mhosva dzose dzemitemo dzinoguma nokutongwa. Masangano akawanda anokurudzira kana kuti kunyange kuda kuti vanhu vaedze chisarudzo chegadziro yakasiyana [ [ADR] pamberi pokuenda kutongwa. ADR inogona kuchengetedza nguva, kuderedza ndyiko, uye kupa mapati udzori hukuru pamuuyo.

Kushanda

Kutaurirana kunobatanidza rutivi rwechitatu rwedare, murevereri, uyo anobetsera vanhu kutaurirana. Murevereri haasarudzi nhau yacho — panzvimbo pezvo, anoyamura kurukurirano ndokubetsera vanhu kuziva nzvimbo dzakabatana. Kutaura kwakavanzika, uye kutaura kupi nokupi kunoitwa mukati menhau hakugoni kushandiswa gare gare mudare. matare enyika mazhinji ane gadziriro dzokuyananisa mutemo wemhuri, gakava rehurumende, uye nhau duku dzinotaura.

Kubvisa Muropa

Arbitation itsika zvikuru kupfuura dare rinopa ufakazi nezvibvumikiso kumumiririri, uyo anopa chisarudzo chinobatanidza kana kuti chisingasungi. Mu kubatira kuwiriranisa, chisarudzo chacho ichekupedzisira uye chinogona bedzi kukwidzwa panzvimbo dzakamanikana. Mu [[FLT:]] anoisa kuchinjika[, rimwe nerimwe boka rinogona kuramba chisarudzo uye kupfuurira kutongwa. Dzimwe nguva dzinoraira kuendesa kudzorwa kwezvinoitika zvakati, zvakadai senharo pasi pechitsamaudzo chakananga chemari.

Kurangarira Kunoshanda Kwegadziriro Dzemitemo Dzehurumende

Kunzwisisa muitiro wapamutemo kunokosha, asi zivo inoshanda inoita musiano chaiwoiwo apo unobatanidzwa munhau.Hedzino kurukurirano dzinoverengeka dzokurangarira.

Kutemwa Kwezvatisingakwanisi Kuita

Hurumende yose ine misi inosvika, inonzi miganhu yeganhuriro , nokuda kwokunyora marudzi akasiyana enhau. Kana ukapotsa nhambo, unorasikirwa namaruramiro ako okukusuta. Gadziriro yenguva inosiyana nehurumende uye norudzi rwokutaura. Somuenzaniso, funga kuti munhu angava neganhuriro yegore rechipiri, nepo kuputsa chibvumirano kungabvumira makore mana kana kuti matanhatu. Dzimwe nyika dzine mikana mipfupi nokuda kwezvinotaurwa nehurumende. Kana ukadavira kuti une kutaura kwapamutemo, bvunza mumiririri wegweta kana kuti tsvakurudzo nenguva yako nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Kuwana Nokushanda Nechinotakurwa

Nepo dzimwe nhau, dzakadai sekakavadzano duku kana kuti dzakapfava dzinobatanidza muridzi wenzvimbo, dzinogona kubatwa pasina gweta, miitiro yakawanda yapamutemo inobetserwa nemirairo yehurumende. Gweta rinogona kukubetsera kunyora magwaro akarurama, kusvitsa nguva, kuunganidza ufakazi, uye kupa nhau yako nenzira inobudirira. Kuwana gweta, unogona kutaura nesangano rehurumende yako resangano resangano rehurumende, kukumbira rumbidzo dzinobva kumanyuko anovimbwa, kana kuti kushandisa mabhukwana epamutemo apaIndaneti.

Apo unosangana negweta, bvunza pamusoro pechinoitika chazvo norudzi rwako rwenhau, chimiro chazvo chemari, uye chaunogona kukarira mumipimo yenguva nemiuyo. Magweta mazhinji anopa kubvunza kwokutanga kwapachena, uye mamwe anobata mhaka pamubhadharo [, kureva kuti vanobhadharwa bedzi kana ukawina.

Zvimiro zveDare uye Zviwanikwa Zvokuzvibetsera

Unenge gadziriro iri yose yedare rehurumende inogovera zviwirirano zvebetsero nokuda kwavanhu vanozvimirira vamene, kazhinji kazhinji vanonzi propro . iyi mipiro inobatanidza mafomu anozadzwa, mirayiridzo, uye kazhinji kazhinji inobvunza mibvunzo. Masangano mazhinji anewo zvirongwa zvokuzviyamura kana kuti pamutemo wemhuri uyo anogona kugovera nhungamiro huru pasina kupa zano rapamutemo. [ National Center for State Courts[ anopa chisaririra chemite yedare rinozvibetsera.

Kushanda Kwedare uye Kariro

Kana mukamira mudare, mupfeke zvakanaka, musvike mangwanani, muve nomunyoro kune vose vari mudare. Pindurai mutongi, muti: Rukudzo rwenyu, mutaure zvakanaka; dzima runhare rwako, regai kudzongonyedza vamwe; kutevera mitemo iyi kunoratidza kuremekedza dare, uye kunogona kupesvedzera kwazvo kuti munonzwisiswa sei.

Zvikanganiso Zvinozivikanwa Navose Zvokudzivisa Munhau Dzehurumende

Kuziva nezvemhinganidzo idzi dzinozivikanwa nevanhu vose kunogona kukubatsira kuti udzidzivise.

  • [ Kuisa miganhu yemisi [ — matare anomanikidzira zvakasimba misi yokunyora, kupindura, uye kufadza. Nguva yakarasika inogona kuva inouraya nhau yako.
  • Kuchenjera kuchengeta ufakazi — magwaro, mapikicha, maemail, uye mashoko echapupu zvinofanira kuunganidzwa nokukurumidza. Ufakazi hunogona kurasika kana kuti kuparadzwa nokufamba kwenguva.
  • [[FT:0] Kutaura zvakanyanyowanda[ — chinhu chipi nechipi chaunotaura kune rumwe rutivi, mudare, kana kuti kunyange pasocial network chinogona kushandiswa kurwisana newe. Bvunza gweta rako usati wataura.
  • Kupokana mirairo yedare — kukundikana kuwirirana nemurairo wedare kunogona kutungamirira kukuzvidza, faindi, kana kuti miuyo yakashata zvikuru. nguva dzose rangarira zvakakomba mirairo yedare.
  • Kuzvipa umene muzvinoitika zvakaoma[[[FLT: 1]] — nepo pro religimes ichibvumirwa, nhau dzakaoma kunzwisisa nemiuyo inokosha kazhinji kazhinji dzinoda betsero yapamutemo yenyanzvi. Mitemo youfakazi nomuitiro zvakaoma, uye chikanganiso chinogona kukuparira kurasikirwa nenhau yacho.

Zviwanikwa Zvokunzwisisa Muitiro Wepamutemo Wehurumende Yako

Kana uchida kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemiitiro yapamutemo yapamutemo yako, zviwanikwa zvinoverengeka zvine chiremera zvinogona kubetsera. American Bar Association inogovera zvishandiso zvedzidzo yapamutemo nezvibatanwa zvehurumende. LGEL Information Institute [ paCornell Law School inobudisa kupfupikisana kwakakwana kwetsika dzevagari vemo negadziriro dzedare rehurumende. Website yedare rehurumende rako ndiro rakanakisisa remitemo yomunzvimbomo, zvimiro, uye mibhadharo.

Nokuda kwokudzikama zvikuru mumashandire anoita matare, National Center for State Courts inopa nzvero nemashoko pamusoro pemiitiro yedare munyika yose. USA.gov inochengetawo mabhii edare rehurumende anowana mashoko nemhindu dzepamutemo.

mhedziso

Kunyange zvazvo nyika imwe neimwe ine mitemo yayo, gadziriro yose yacho inowirirana uye yakagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti mativi ose akarurama. Kunzwisisa chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinokubatsira kuita zvisarudzo zvaunoziva, ungave uri kuita chisarudzo, uchidzivirira chimwe, kana kuti uchingoedza kunzwisisa kuti tsika yacho inoshanda sei.

Matare ehurumende akabatikana nemasangano anoita kuti pave nemhondi dzakawanda gore negore, uye kuziva nzira yokushandisa nayo gadziriro yacho kunokubatsira. Nokugadzirira kwakarurama uye kunzwisisa, unogona kufamba nomugadziriro yepamutemo nechivimbo chakakura uye zvakajeka.