Kushanda Kunoita Dare Munzanga Yenyu: Kurondedzerwa Kwakajeka Kwegadziriro yeDare

Matare anobatira semavambo eruramisiro munzanga ipi neipi. Anogovera mhoteredzo yakarongeka umo gakava rinogona kupedzwa norugare, mitemo inoturikirwa, uye ruramisiro inodzorwa zvakanaka. Nepo gadziriro yapamutemo ichigona kuratidzika kuva inotyisa, kunzwisiswa kwegadziriro huru yemashandire anoita matare kukupa chivimbo chokubatanidzwa nawo, ungave uchidanwa nokuda kwebasa redare redare, unobatanidzwa mumhaka, kana kuti kungoda bedzi kuva mugari wemo akadzidza. Iyi nhungamiro inogovera kupfupikiswa kwakakwana kwegadziriro yedare, kubva kumatare okutonga kwomunzvimbomo kusvikira kumatare akakwirira zvikurusa, uye inotsanangura kuti rutivi rumwe norumwe runoshanda sei kubatira dare ravose.

Mabasa Emakori Egadziriro Yedare

Tisati tatarira zvivako zvacho, zvinobatsira kunzwisisa kuti matare akagadzirirwa kuitei.

  • Matare anogadziridza Nharo: anogovera kusatora rutivi mukupedza kusawirirana kwevagari vemo, kwakadai segakava rebvumirano, rwisano dzenzvimbo, kana kuti kutaura kwokukuvara kwomunhu oga.
  • [ Kuisa mumvumo Mutemo: Apo mutemo unopanikirwa kana kuti kushandiswa kwawo kunopokanidzwa, matare ane chiremera chokududzira icho mutemo unoreva uye kuti unoshanda sei kugadziriro yakananga yamaidi.
  • Matare anodzivirira Kodzero: anoshanda sedziviriro nokuda kwamaruramiro avanhu. Anohwirudzura zviito zvehurumende ndokuva nechokwadi chokuti muitiro wakafanira unoteverwa, achidzivirira vagari vemo kubva musimba rehurumende risiri rehurumende kana kuti rinopfuura.
  • [[FLT: 0] Anoshandisa Ruramisiro muCagel Cases: Munhau dzoutsotsi, matare anosarudza mhaka kana kuti kusava nemhaka uye anoisa mitongo inowirirana nomutemo noukombi hwemhosva yacho.

Gadziriro Yesangano: Matanho Matatu Ematare

Masangano edare mazhinjisa, ose ari maviri panzvimbo yehurumende nehurumende, akarongwa kuva dare ravakuru vakuru vane mapoka matatu. Ichi chivako chinobvumira kuhwirudzurwa kwakakwana kwenhau uye chinosimudzira kusachinja mukushandiswa kwomutemo. Zvisarudzo zvinowanzovamba pasi uye zvinogona kukwira kana paine papati pakadenha muuyo.

PEJI 23 Kuramba Uchitongwa

Dare rokutonga inhau yokutanga yokupinda panenge panhau iri yose. Idzi ndidzo matare avanhu vazhinjisa anoziva kubva muterevhizheni namabhaisikopo, umo zvapupu nematare amatare anogara. Anowanzonzi matare enhau , , [[FLT]] matare makuru [[FLT:], kana kuti [FLT:] matare [[FLT]]

Dare rinotonga nyaya dzemarudzi maviri makuru:

  • Nhau:[ Hurumende painotonga mumwe munhu nokuda kwokuputsa mutemo. Nharidzano ndeyokusarudza mhaka ndokuisa chirango (zvakaisvonaka, zvakakotsekana, kana kuti kusungwa).
  • Chivil Cases: Apo mumwe mubato (mupoka) anopomera mumwe (mukwiridzirwi) kupedza gakava rakavanzika. Vavariro inowanzova yemubhadharo wezvisakiso zvemari (kubhadharisa) kana kuti kuraira mumwe munhu kuita kana kuti kurega chimwe chinhu (murayiro).

Mutongi kana kuti vatongi vanoteerera uchapupu, vanoongorora zviratidzwa, uye vanonzwa uchapupu kuti vasarudze zvakaitika chaizvoizvo.

Chikamu 2: Matare Okukwirira (Vadzokorori)

Kana mubato ukarasikirwa pamwero wokutonga ndokudavira chikanganiso chapamutemo chakaitwa, vanogona kukwirira kudare rapakati rapabudiriri. Aya matare haaiti matare matsva. Hamuna zvapupu, hapana majaji, uye hapana ufakazi hutsva hunopiwa. Panzvimbo pezvo, boka ravatongi (zvichinenge zvitatu) rinohwirudzura chinyorwa chokutonga cha [[FTB] zvinyorwa, zviratidziro, uye zvibvumikiso zvakanyorwa.

Chii chinoitika mukati mechikumbiro? Magweta anopa mipfupinduru yakanyorwa achisimbisa chikonzero nei dare rokutonga rakanga rakarurama kana kuti risina kururama. Muzvinoitika zvizhinji, ivo vanopawo nharo dzokutaura, apo vatongi vanogona kubvunza mibvunzo yakananga pamusoro penhau yacho. Dare reAppellate rinogona kuita chimwe chezviito zvinoverengeka:

  • [[FT:0] Afting: Tsimira nechisarudzo chedare rinotonga, kuchirega kuchimira.
  • [[[FT:0] Tsvakai: Kusabvumirana nechisarudzo chedare rinotonga, kuriputsa.
  • [[FT:0] Remand: Tsimira nyaya yacho kudare rinotonga nokuda kwokutongwa kutsva kana kuti kumwezve kutongwa kugadziridza chikanganiso chapamutemo.

Kukwirira hausi mukana wechipiri wokuitirana nharo maidi; kuhwirudzura miitiro nedudziro zvapamutemo.

Chikamu 3: Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa (Chiremera Chokupedzisira)

Dare rapamusoro zvikurusa mutsika i dare rekukwirira (kazhinji kazhinji rinonzi Dare reHurumende Gurusa kana kuti Dare rapamusorosoro reU.S.). Iri dare rine shoko rokupedzisira panhau dzapamutemo mukati moudzori hwaro. Kusafanana nematare akaderera, anofanira kunzwa zvikumbiro zvizhinjisa, matare makuru ane hwirudzuro yezve. Izvozvinoreva kuti imhakai dzinoda kunzwa, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji avo vanobatanidza mibvunzo inokosha yemitemo kana kuti rutongeso rwakabva kumatare akaderera.

Apo Dare Rapamusoro rinenge richitonga nyaya, chisarudzo charo chinova muenzaniso unowirirana nokuda kwematare ose akaderera muudzori ihwohwo. Iyi nheyo, inozivikanwa se stare decis (kumira kupfurikidza nezvinhu zvasarudzwa), inovimbisa dzikamo nechekudeka mumutemo. Nhau yemitemo inonyorwa mirangariro inotsanangura kufunga kwavo. Kana dare rakakamuka, murangariro wavazhinji unova mutemo, nepo kupesana nemirangariro kugovera dzimwe rondedzero dzemitemo idzo dzingapesvedzera zviitiko zvomunguva yemberi.

Hurumende: Mitemo Miviri Yakafanana

MuUnited States, mune gadziriro mbiri dzinovapo dzedare: matare ehurumende nematare ehurumende. Kunzwisisa dare ripi rinotonga nhau inokosha kuziva kuti tsika inoshanda sei.

Matare Ehurumende

Dare rehurumende rinobata mativi mazhinjisa enhau dzapamutemo dzinosanganwa navose. Ikoku imhaka yokuti mutemo wehurumende unodzora mibato mizhinjisa yezuva riri rose. matare ehurumende ane chinonzi muganhu wehurumende [[[FLT: 1] panhau dzinobatanidza:

  • Mitemo youtsotsi yehurumende (kupamba, kudenha, kuponda).
  • Nhau dzemhuri (kurambana, kuchengetwa kwavana, kurerwa navabereki vasiri vavo).
  • Kupindirana uye kukakavadzana mubhizimisi.
  • Mutemo wezvinhu (kakavadzano dzomunyika dzinodzorwa namambo, kutengeserana nzvimbo).
  • Kukuvara kwomunhu oga (tsaona dzemotokari, kutadza kurapa).
  • Ronga uye nhaka (mirayiro nenzvimbo).

Hurumende imwe neimwe ine mugariro wayo imene wedare, kazhinji kazhinji inodudzwa nenzira yakasiana, asi mufananidzo wetatu (Trial -> Appeal Court -> Supreme) unogamuchirwa munyika yose.

Matare Ehurumende

Matare eFederal igadziriro yakaparadzana yakagadzwa pasi peChikamu III cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. Anobata nhau dzinobatanidza mutemo womubatanidzwa kana kuti Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. chiremera chawo ndi yakaganhurirwa kumarudzi akati egadziro, kubatanidza:

  • Nhau dzinobatanidza mitemo yehurumende (kubhadharwa kwemari, kubhuroka, mutero, kuva nomutemo, kodzero dzokuita zvinhu nomutemo, mhosva dzomubatanidzwa dzakadai sokubirwa kwebhangi kana kuti kubiridzirwa kwetsamba).
  • Nhau umo hurumende yeUnited States iri mubato.
  • Kusawirirana pakati pehurumende kana kuti pakati pevagari vemo venyika dzakasiyana - siyana (kudzora kwehurumende) uko chitsama chemari mugakava chinopfuura chitsama chakati.
  • Mibvunzo yeBumbiro reMitemo (kuteerera mitemo yakavakirwa pakutaura kwakasununguka, dziviriro yakaenzana, muitiro wakafanira, zvichingodaro).

Gadziriro yehurumende inoratidzira gadziriro yehurumende ne Dare roruwa reU.S. (dare), Dare reZvikwiriso reU.S., uye Dare rapamusoro reU.S. pamusoro. Nokuda kweudzame hwakawanda pamusoro peidzi dzosero dzakananga, USA.gov inogovera kuputsika kunobetsera kwomusiyano pakati pematare ehurumende nehurumende.

Vatori Mundima Huru Mudare

Heano mabasa makuru auchawana mudare redzimhosva:

Mutongi

Mutongi ndiye mutongi asingatori rutivi womutemo. Mukutonga, mutongi anotonga pamusoro pezvirambidzo, anosarudza kuti ufakazi hupi husingabvumiki, uye anorairidza vatongi pamutemo vanofanira kushandisa. Mukutonga kwebhenji (pasina dare rinobetsera vatongi), mutongi anoitawo somubati weidi, achisarudza muuyo. Mumhaka dzoutsotsi, mutongi anotongera mukwiridzi mutongo pashure pokutenderwa. Basa romutongi nderokuvimbisa muitiro wakanaka nokuda kwemativi ose ari maviri.

Jury

Vatongi iboka ravagari vemo vakasarudzwa munzanga kuti vabatire sevawani veidi. Munhau dzoutsotsi, vatongi vanosarudza kana mukwidzi ane mhaka kunze kwepanikiro ine mufungo. Munhau dzevagari vemo, vatongi vanosarudza kuti rutivi rupi rwakavakirwa pa . Kutonga kwehwaro hwehwakatanhamari [[FLT] [FLT]]. Kurura dare kutongwa nedare ibwe rekona retsika yeruramisiro, rakatemwa muTsvositsi Nhanhatu neRendersempire kuU.S.Genestituro.

Mhuka Dzinotakura Vanhu

Maattorney anomirira vanobatanidzwa muchinoitika chacho.

  • Mutongi: Mumhaka yeutsotsi, muchuchisi anomirira hurumende (vanhu) uye anotakura mutoro wokubvumikisa mhaka yomukwirirwi.
  • [[FOLT:0] Platotiff's Attorney: Muchinoitika chehurumende, gweta iri rinomirira munhu kana kuti sangano rinounza kukwirira mhaka.
  • [[FOLT:0] Defense Actorney: inomirira mukwiridzirirwi muzvose zviri zviviri mhaka dzoutsotsi nedzevagari vemo. Basa romurwi anodzivirira idziviriro kudzivirira kodzero dzomutengi, kudenha ufakazi hwerutivi runopikisa, uye kupa nhau yomutengi.

Vatakuri Vanotsigira Mudare

Pashure pezviono, vamwe vanhu vanoverengeka vanochengeta dare richimhanya. Mabharani wedare [[FLT:] anotarisira mapepa edare, marusarudzo, uye zvipikirwa. bhailiji[ inogovera chengeteko nokuchengeta nhevedzano mudare. [[FLT:] Court [[FLT:] mutori wenhau [[FT:5]] inogadzira girobhoti yechinhu chiri chose chataurwa mukati mechiito, uko kunokosha nokuda kwokukwirira kupi nokupi nokupi. Dare reAmerica rinopa mipiro iyi mibato inokosha [FT].

Kufamba Kunoita Nhau Mugadziriro: Nhungamiro Nenzira

Nepo chiitiko chimwe nechimwe chakasiyana, vakawanda vanotevera nzira yakafanana kubva pakutanga kusvikira kumugumo.

Danho 1: Kufembera uye Kutungamirira

Mhaka imwe neimwe inovamba nechinyorwa. Munhau yevagari vemo, mupurisa anofaidza anorondedzera rugwaro rwavo. Mumhaka yetsotsi, hurumende inonyora rugwaro runopa mutongo [[FLT:] (kupoka kana kuti mashoko). Mukwiridziridziro ipapo anopindura. Munhau yevagari vemo, inonzi [[FLT:] [FLT]; mumhaka youtsotsi, mukwidzi anopinda chikumbiro ([FLT], kwete, kana kuti kwete makwikwikwi) pa . [FLT]

Nhano 2: Kuwana

Pamberi pomuedzo, mativi ose ari maviri anopinda mukuwana. Uyu muitiro wakarongwa wokutsinhana mashoko noufakazi. Varairi vanotumira [ uzivi (mibvunzo yakanyorwa), magwaro okukumbira, zviito [ [[FLT]] (kubvunzurudzwa kwezvapupu), uye vanoita kuti nyanzvi dzinzvere ufakazi. Kunzvera kunobetsera rutivi rumwe norumwe kunzwisisa simba noutera hwenhau yavo uye kukurudzira kugadzikisa kana kuti kukumbira.

Nhano 3: Kukurumidza Kunzwika Nokunzwa

Vatongi vanongonyora mabope vachikumbira mutongi kutonga panhau dzakati dare risati ravamba. Kufamba kunozivikanwa navose i chimiro chokudzinga , kukwikwidza nhau yacho hakukwani. Munyaya dzoutsotsi, kubatira kudzvinyirira kukumbira mutongi kubvisa ufakazi hunowanwa nenzira isiri yapamutemo. Mutongi anova nomutongo kuti apedzikise nhau idzi, idzo dzinogona kupfupikisa nhau dzokutonga kana kuti kunyange kupedza mhaka pasina muedzo.

Danho 4: Kuedza

Kana nhau isingagadziriswi kupfurikidza nokupedza kana kuti kukumbira kusingapiwi, inoendeswa kukutonga.

  1. [[FT:0] Chisarudzo (Muturiri):[[FT:1] Vatakuri vangabvunza vatongi vangada kusarudza nzvimbo isingasaruri.
  2. [[[FRANT:0] Mashoko okuzarura: Maraiti anoonesa zvavanoda kuratidza.
  3. Kupiwa kweUfakazi: Muparidzi kana kuti muroveri wemhaka anotanga kuenda, achidana zvapupu nokupa zviratidziro. Kuzvidzivirira kunogona kuyambuka-eximine. Ipapo dziviriro inopa ufakazi hwayo imene.
  4. Zvibvumikiso zvinozivisa: Marawi anopfupikisa ufakazi ndokutsigira rutivi rwavo.
  5. [[[FOL:0] Mirayiridzo: Mutongi anorairidza vatongi pamutemo wakafanira.
  6. Medication and Vertory: Vatongi vanosiya dare kuti vakurukure nhau yacho pachivande. Vanofanira kusvika chisarudzo chomubatanidzwa mumhaka dzoutsotsi uye kazhinji kazhinji mumhaka dzehurumendewo.

Nhano 5: Kuchema Nokufadza Pashure Pemashoko

Pashure porutongeso, mubato unorasikirwa unogona kunyora nhendo dzapashure pokutonga kukumbira mutongi kuputsa chisarudzo chedare rinobetsera vatongi kana kuti kuisa parutivi chisarudzo. Kana izvozvi zvikakundikana, nhano inotevera kukwirira kudare rapamusoro. Cornell Legin Information Institute inogovera udzame hune udzame hwechikumbiro [.]

Matare Ane Chienzi Nenzira Dzinotsiva

Nzanga dzakawanda dzakarongerwa kugadzirisa nyaya dzemhaka dzakati kuti nenzira inoshanda uye ine tsitsi.

Dare Remhuri

Matare emhuri anonyanya kutaura nezvenyaya dzinobatanidza mhuri, dzakadai sechatanuro, kuchengetwa kwevana, kutsigira vana, uye kudzivirira vana mudzimba.

Dare Rokuronga

matare anotonga kutonga matare enhaka yomunhu kana afa; anotarisira kuitwa kwezvido, anopiwa mhosva, uye anopa vadyi venhaka zvinhu; angabatawo ngarava dzinochengeta vaduku kana vakuru vasingagoni kusimba.

Kutaura Kuduku Kunoitwa neDare

Dare rinotaurwa riduku idare redare rehurumende rakapfava rakagadzirirwa nokuda kwekakavadzano dzinobatanidza zvitsama zvishomanene zvikuru zvemari (zvikurukuru zviuru zvishomanene zvamadhora, zvichitsamira pahurumende). Miitiro yacho haina kurongwa, uye mapati anowanzomira asina magweta. Inzira inokurumidza uye yakaderera yokupedza nayo nharo dzakadai sokusawirirana kwamuri weimba kana kuti zvikwereti zvisingabhadharwi.

Kupesana Kunotsiva Chisarudzo (ADR)

Dare rakawanda zvino rinokurudzira kana kuti rinoda kuti masangano aedze ku kuendesa zvinhu kana kuti kuranga [[FLT:]] asati aenda kutongwa. Dare rinobatanidza chikamu chechitatu chisingatori rutivi chinobetsera mapoka anenge asvika pabvumirano yokuzvidira. . . .Arbit yakafanana nedare duku, apo mutambi asingatori rutivi anonzwa ufakazi uye anoita chisarudzo, chinogona kuva chinobatanidza kana kuti chisingasungi. ADR kazhinji kazhinji inochengeta nguva, mari, uye inoderedza ndyira yemirangariro. .No.com anopa nhungamiro dzakaisvonaka pakutaura nezvirongwa nezviduku neAD [FLT]

Kutapura Kunoita Matare Upenyu Hwako Hwezuva Nezuva

Ungasashanyira dare kazhinji kazhinji, asi matare anopesvedzera upenyu hwako munzira dzisingaverengeki. Dziviriro yaunowana apo unosaina chibvumirano, rezinesi romutyairi raunayo, kotsekano yezvigadzirwa zvaunotenga, uye kodzero yako yokutaura norusununguko zvose zvinotsigirwa nesimba redare rokududzira nokushandisa mitemo. Kodzero dzezvinhu dzinochengeteka nemhaka yokuti matare anopedza ganhu. Masangano akachengeteka nemhaka yokuti vapari vemhosva vanozvidavirira. Kufambira mberi kwenzanga kunowanzoitwa nedare remitemo yetsika dzinowedzera kodzero dzevanhu nerusununguko.

Kunzwisisa kuti zvinoshanda sei kutora rutivi mazviri iri — kungava kupfurikidza nokuvhota nokuda kwavatongi, kubatira mudare rinobetsera vatongi, kana kuti kungoremekedza mutemo.

mhedziso

Gadziriro yedare igadziriro yakaoma kunzwisisa asi ine mufungo yakagadzirirwa kutsigira ruramisiro. Kubva kudare romunzvimbomo rinobata tikiti rokufamba kuDare Gurusa reUnited States rinosarudza nhau yebumbiro remitemo, mwero mumwe nomumwe une basa rakasiana iro rinobetsera kunzanga ine nhevedzano. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa mavambo ekutonga nematare anotonga, musiyano pakati pehurumende negadziriro dzehurumende, uye mabasa evatori rutivi vanokosha, unokwanisa zviri nani kutungamirira nhau dzepamutemo ndokuonga matare anokosha anoshanda mukudzivirira maruramiro ako nokupedza gakavadzano munzanga yenyu.