Kusarudza kunomirira imwe yembiru hurusa dzokutonga kwehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, ichishanda semutoo mukuru uyo vagari vemo vanoshandisa nawo maruramiro avo kurusarudziro nokuumba nguva yemberi yenzanga dzavo, nyika, uye marudzi. Muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Muhurumende inowana zvikurukuru mukubvumira kwedzosero, uye sarudzo inogovera gadziriro inokosha yokushandura nayo inobvuma chiremera chehurumende chapamutemo. Kunzwisisa kuti basa reSarudzo rinoshanda sei, marudzi akasiyana - siyana emakwikwi avana vakasarudzwa, uye nei kutora rutivi kuchikosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kuita nenzira ine revoruzhinji.

Kusarudza Chii uye Nei Kuchikosha?

Sarudzo muitiro wakarongwa wokuita chisarudzo cheboka umo chikamu kana kuti vose vechiverengero chavagari vemo kana kuti boka vanovhota kuti vasarudze munhu mumwe kana kuti vanhu vakawanda kuva nenzvimbo yavose kana kuti imwe nzvimbo yomutoro. Kusarudza kwave kuri mutoo wenguva dzose uyo hurumende inomirira yazvino uno yakashanda nawo chifo chezana ramakore rechi 17, ichigovera mutoo une rugare newirirano wokuendesa simba nokuva nechokwadi chokuti hurumende inoramba ichizvidavirira kuvanhu vainobatira.

Sarudzo dzinogonesa vavhoti kusarudza vatungamiriri uye kuvaita kuti vazvidavirire nokuda kwebasa ravo. Iri basa rokuzvidavirira rinokosha kuudzori hwedemokrasi, sezvo kuchiparira sundo nokuda kwavakuru vakasarudzwa kuti varambe vachigamuchira zvinodikanwa zvavo nezvinonetsa. Bviro yokudzora vatungamiriri kupfurikidza nokuvaraira kuzviisa pasi pesarudzo yenguva dzose nenhambo nenhambo inobetsera kupedza chinetso chokutevedzana muutungamiriri uye nokudaro kubetsera kupfuuridzirwa kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Ukoshi hwesarudzo dzapachena nedzinoruramisira husingagoni kunyanyoziviswa. Muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, mutoo mukuru wokushandura nawo chiremera chehurumende ndewokubata sarudzo yakasununguka neyakarurama. Zvisinei, havasati vari vose vasarudzo vanobatira madonzo ehurumende youtongi hwehurumende yehurumende inotonga nehurumende dzakarurama, ma Marx, uye hurumende dzinotora imwe kuti dzipe kutonga kwavo kuva pamutemo, nesarudzo ingapa bedzi mutendi mumwe kana kuti ndaza yavanoda kusarudzwa, kana kuti kuvimbisa kupfurikidza nokutyisidzira kana kuti kuisa mhaka kuti pamutemo wehurumende bedzi ndiyo inosarudzwa.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwenhau

Kusarudza kune nhau yakapfuma inotambanudzwa shure zviuru zvamakore. Sarudzo yokutanga yakakurumbira yakakurumbira yavakuru vakuru muhofisi yavose, umo vagari vose vakanga vakakodzera kuvhota nokuchengeta nzvimbo yavose, inovambira kuEphors of Sparta muna 754 BC, muhurumende yakavhengana yeSpartan Constitution apo gadziriro yesarudzo yakasiyana-faravara nenzwi yakashandiswa. Kuvhota kwave kuchishandiswa sechiratidzo chedemocracy chifo chezana rechi6 BCE, apo hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakatangwa nehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yeAthenese.

Mitoo yokuvhota yakachinja zvikuru nokufamba kwenguva. MuAthens neRoma yekare, mitoo yakasiana - siana yokuvhota yakashandiswa, kubva pakuratidza maoko kusvikira kumabhuku epachivande. Chirongwa chakavanzika ifambiro mberi yazvino uno zvikuru, asi zvino chinorangarirwa kuva chinokosha mukuvhota kwakasununguka zvikurusa uye kwakarurama, sezvo kuchiganhurira kushanda kwetyisidziro. Iyi dziviriro yavasarudzo yapamutemo yazova chinhu chikurusarudzo yehurumende yehurumende yenyika yose.

Hapana masangano ezvematongerwo enyika aivapo pamutemo apo Bumbiro Remitemo reU.S. rakanyorwa mukupera kwema1780, sezvo vakavamba nyika yacho vaifunga kuti masangano ezvematongerwe enyika akanga asiri chinhu chakanaka uye kuti aizoparadzanisa vanhu uye kukuvadza hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu, asi mumakore gumi pashure pokunge Bumbiro Remitemo ranyorwa, U.S. raiva nemasangano maviri makuru ezvematongerwe enyika.

Kunzwisisa Mashandiro Ezvirongwa Zvokugadzira Zvinhu

Gadziriro yemitemo yevhota inorongwa nemitoo inoshandiswa kusarudza migumisiro yesarudzo, inoshandiswa mune zvematongerwe enyika kusarudza hurumende uyewo mugadziriro dzisiri dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzakadai sebhizimisi, masangano asingabetseri mhindu namasangano asina kurongwa, inodzora mativi ose egadziriro yokuvhota kubatanidza apo sarudzo dzinoitika, uyo anobvumirwa kuvhota, anogona kumira somuvhoti, kuti vavhoti vangani vanokandirwa nomuvhoti mumwe nomumwe, kuti mavhoti anoiswa sei uye anopindwa, kuti varongi vanoverengwa kana kuti kuedzwa sei, kuti vavhoti vanoshandurira sei mumigumisiro yesarudzo, miganhuro pakushandiswa kwechirongwa, nezvimwewo.

Nyika dzakasiana - siana dzinoshandisa gadziriro dzezvivhota zvakasiyana- siyana, imwe neimwe ine betsero dzayo imene nerangariro. Nyika zhinji munyika dzinoona sarudzo dzichirwiwa zvikurukuru pakati pamapoka maviri anorwisana, anozivikanwa segadziriro yezvikamu zviviri, umo aya maviri achava mapoka akatangwa zvikurusa uye akakurumbira zvikurusa munyika, zvakadai somuUS umo makwikwi ari pakati peRepublicans neDemocrats. Dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzine gadziriro dzakasiana - siana dzenzanga nedzemari, mapoka edzinza nedzinza, matunhu uye mamwe matsva rimwe nerimwe rine boka radzo amene.

Nyika dzakawanda dzine masangano anosarudzwa anotsigira kuchinja kwokuchinja masarudzo akadai sokumirira kuenzana, kuvhota, kuvhota kunotamiswa, kuvhota kwapakarepo kana kuti nzira yokuvhota nayo, uye aya masangano anotsiva akakurumbirawo nokuda kwesarudzo shomanene mune dzimwe nyika umo kusarudza kunokosha zvikuru kuchine nzira dzegamuchidzanwa zvikuru dzokuverenga nadzo.

Muitiro Wakakwana Wokusarudza: Kubva Pakunyoresa Kusvika Pamigumisiro

Zvinodikanwa Zvokunyoresa

Vasati vatora rutivi musarudzo, vagari vemo vakakodzera vanofanira kunyoresa chaizvoizvo kuvhota. Nyika dzose nendima, kunze kweNorth Dakota, dzinoda kunyoreswa navagari vemo vakakodzera kupfurikidza navagari vemo vanokwanisa vasati vagona kuvhota muvhota rehurumende, rehurumende neromunzvimbomo. Muitiro wokunyoresa unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti vakuru vesarudzo vanogona kubvumikisa kuva vavhoti vanokwanisa ndokuchengeta marongero akarurama omuvhoti.

Unofanira kuva mugari weUnited States ane makore gumi namasere kana kupfuura kuti anyorese nokuvhota, kunyange zvazvo nyika dzichifarikanya chiremera chikuru chokugadza zvikwaniriso zvokuwedzera nokuda kwavavhoti. Muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa, uchada rezinesi romutyairi kana kuti chati yehurumende kunyoresa kuvhota, kunyange zvazvo usati uine zvimwe zveizvi, ungakwanisa kugovera mamwe marudzi ezvinyorwa, kubatanidza mashoko kana kuti pepa revo, asi magwaro anodikanwa aunoda kunyoresa anosiana nehurumende.

Nepo vavhoti vaidikanirwa munhau kuti vanyorese pamahofisi ehurumende nomusi wakati pamberi pesarudzo, hurumende yehurumende iri pakati pema190 yakaita nhamburiko dzokuwedzera kupfurikidza nokurembya kupfurikidza nokurembya kupfurikidza noMutemo weNational Voter Religiod wa 1993 (mutemo we "Mot Voter") uyo unoda kuti hurumende dzigovere mabasa ehurumende okunyoresa akaenzana kupfurikidza nenzvimbo dzokunyoresa dzereze dzechibharo chemvunuro, nzvimbo dzinoremadza, zvikoro, maraibhurari, uye kunyoresa tsamba, kana kuti kubvumira kuti Ecostation Day inyorese.

Misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikuru, masangano anoshandisa gadziriro dzinoda kunyoresa dzinoda kuvhota. Muna 2016, Oregon yakava nyika yokutanga kuita kunyoresa kwokuzvidira kwokuvhota kwose (pakarepo) apo aibudisa marezenisi okutyaira nemakadhi eID, chifo chakatevera nedzimwe nyika 15 uye District yeColumbia. Kunyoresa kwokuzvidira kwakaratidza kuva nzira inobudirira yokunyoresa nayo vavhoti vatsva uye kuderedza mukaha wokunyoresa pakati pevanhu veAmerica vakaderera nevanowana, uye kubvisa avo vakanga vangonyoresa muOregon 43% yaavo vose vaivhotera pashure pokushanda.

Nyika dzakawanda dzinodawo kuti unyorese nebato rezvematongerwe enyika kuti rivhote musarudzo huru.

Nguva Yenhimbe

Rwendo rwokuva vakatendeseka runotanga pachine makore, nevanoda kukurukura, kuvhota, uye kuunganidza mari kuti vagadzirire nhimbe dzavo.

Kana vada kubhapatidzwa vangozivisa pamutemo vavariro yavo yokumhanya, nhambo yenhimbe inowedzerwa. Vadaviri vanopinda mumibato yakasiana - siana yakarongedzerwa kusvika vavhoti ndokukurukura mashoko avo, kubatanidza chitarisiko chavose, gakava, kuzivisa, uye midziyo yeuswa yokuronga. Pamwero yose yehurumende, kubva munzvimbo iyoyo kupfurikidza norudzi, vanoda kubhapatidzwa vanopedza nguva yakawanda zvikuru uye mari vachitsigira mavhoti anobva kuboka duku zvikuru ravanhu, vanonzi "vhoterator," navaongorori vezvamatongerwe enyika vasingasati vamboona kuti zvisarudzoro zvakawanda zvakapfuura, 45 muzana vairangarirwa kuva vavhoti yeRepublictic ne 40 muzana Dmocratic, vachisiya 15 muzana bedzi vachibva vasingatsigigi.

Kusarudza Kunokosha Nokushandisa

MuUnited States, nzira yokusarudza kazhinji kazhinji inovamba nezvisarudzo zvikuru kana kuti kuvhota. muitiro wacho zvikurukuru unobatanidza masangano makuru maviri ezvematongerwe enyika, Democratic Party neRepublicaan Party, ayo anotungamirira sarudzo dzapakuvamba dzinozivikanwa savaprimiry kana kuti vasaruri kuti asarudze vatsvaki vavo nokuda kwechisarudzo chorudzi.

Mapati anoita sarudzo huru dzokubvisa vose kunze kwomuvhoti mumwe, nehurumende imwe neimwe ichisarudza musi wezvivakiso zvayo, kunyange zvazvo nyika dzakawanda dzichizvironga kazhinji kazhinji nokuda kwomusi mumwe chetewo, nomuenzaniso wakatanhamara zvikurusa uri wokuti “Chipiri," kazhinji kazhinji muna March, umo mapfumi akawanda savasarudzo vakuru kana kuti zvimwe masangano gumi namaviri.

Sarudzo hurusa dzinowira muchimwe chezvikamu zviviri: dzakavharwa uye dzakazaruka, nedzisingabvumiri mitezo yebato rakati bedzi kuvhota muchikamu chikuru chebato iroro. Uyu musiano unokosha nemhaka yokuti unotapura vanogona kutora rutivi mukusarudza munhamba yebato rimwe nerimwe.

Pane imwe nguva yakaziviswa, vanokwikwidzana mudzimba dzapachivande kuti vachengetedze kuiswa kwapamubato wavo, kuchiguma muGungano reNational apo mutsigiri anosarudzwa anopiwa zviri pamutemo. Donzo rekokorodzano nhasi nderokukurukura miitiro yebato racho nezvikuva, uye panzvimbo penzira yokusarudza nayo mutsigiri webato nokuda kwapurezidhendi, kokorodzano yazova chishandiso chokuratidzira nokusimudzira mukwikwikwidzani.

Kusarudza Kworuzhinji

Pashure pokunge mwaka wokutanga wapera uye vanhu vasarudza vavhota, kukwidziridza kunoitwa kuvhota. Pashure pokunge vanzi vanzi vagadzwe, vanozotanga kuisa pfungwa dzavo kunhimbe dzesarudzo, kuronga kurongwa kwehurumende uko muvhoti asingavi nechokwadi. Uku kukoshesa zvinhu kunoratidza kuti mumitezo yakawanda, dzimwe nzvimbo dzinofarira rimwe boka nguva dzose, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo dzinokwikwikwidza dzikoshe zvikuru.

Pazuva resarudzo, vavhoti vakakanda mavhoti avo kupfurikidza nemitoo yakasiana- siyana kutsamira pamaitiro avo ehurumende. Dzimwe nyika dzinopa nhambo dzokuvhota kwapakuvamba, nepo dzimwe dzichigovera zvisarudzo zveposita kana kuti zvokuvhota zvinobudiswa. Mugari wemo mumwe nomumwe anova muvhoti wakavanzika nezvisarudzo zvavo, uye kuti sarudzo ikwanirise nokuda kwokuvimbika kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, muitiro wacho unofanira kuva wakasununguka nowakarurama pasina kumanikidza kana kuti kupfumbamuromo uye kuzvimirira kwezvibharo.

Kuverenga Nokunyora Tsamba

Vari vakuru vemiitiro yokusarudza vanotevera miitiro yorumano kuti vave nechokwadi chokururama nokujeka mumuitiro wokuverenga. Migumisiro inowanzoshumwa panzvimbo yepamusoro penzvimbo, ipapo inobviswa panzvimbo nemwero yehurumende. Kuverenga kwangova kwakakwana uye kunyorwa kuri madikanwa kana kuti kuongororwa kunoitiswa, migumisiro inopupurirwa zviri pamutemo nezviremera zvesarudzo zvakakodzera.

Mabumbiro emitemo ehurumende akawanda anopa kuti kusarudza kunoitwa panguva yakagadzwa, uye muUnited States, sarudzo dzemahofisi avose dzinoitwa kazhinji kazhinji pakati pemakore maviri nematanhatu ari ose munyika dzakawanda uye pamwero wehurumende, kunze kwenzvimbo dzokutonga dzakasarudzwa dzingava nenzvimbo refu zvikuru dzebasa.

Kusarudza Kwakaita MuUnited States

Kusarudzwa Kwapurezidhendi

Sarudzo yaPurezidhendi inomirira makwikwi anooneka zvikurusa uye anotevedzerwa zvikuru muUnited States. Sarudzo yapurezidhendi yeUnited States inoitika makore mana ari ose uye inoratidzirwa nezvinoitika zvayo zvakaoma nezvinoshamisa. Mukuru mukuru anoganhurirwa kumashoko maviri amakore mana, uye kunyange zvazvo vanhu vachivhotera nokuda kwomudaviri wavo anodiwa, mukundi anosarudzwa chaizvoizvo neElectoral College, nebato rimwe nerimwe rinosarudza mutungamiriri wehurumende uye mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi anobatira seboka, gadziriro yakatanga pashure pokuvakwa kweFirimendetic muna 1804.

Electoral College yakasiyana nedzimwe uye inowanzonzwisiswa zvisina kufanira. MuUnited States, purezidhendi anosarudzwa nenzira isina kunanga achishandisa muitiro wezvikuva zviviri apo vhoti yakakurumbira muhurumende imwe neimwe inovhota mitezo kukoreji inosarudzwa iyo inosarudza Purezidhendi, uko kunogona kuguma nemamiriro ezvinhu umo muvhoti mukurusa anowana vhoti yekoreji yehurumende munyika yose, sezvakaitika misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikuru muna 2000 na2016.

Iyi gadziriro yapamutemo yekoreji inogona kutungamirira kumigariro umo mukwikwidzi anowana purezidhendi pasina kuwina vhoti yakakurumbira, achisimbisa pesvedzero yenhamba dzezviverengero zvehurumende, uye nepo vamwe vanorangarira koreji inosarudzwa somutoo wokudzikamisa nawo mamiriro enyika, revo dzayo pamusoro pomuitiro wehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu dzinopfuurira kuva nhau yekurukurirano.

Kana pasina mudaviriri anogamuchira ruzhinji rwamavhoti eElectoral College, purezidhendi ipapo anosarudzwa zvakananga neImba yaVamiriri, uye kana ikoku kukaitika, nyika imwe neimwe inowana vhoti imwe chete.

Kusarudza Kwemasangano

Sarudzo dzeCongress dzinosarudza kuumbwa kweUnited States Congress, iyo ine makamuri maviri: Imba Yavamiririri neDare. Sarudzo idzi dzinokosha nokuti Dare rine simba guru rokutonga uye rinoshandira senzvero pachiremera chevakuru vakuru.

Mitezo yeDare reUnited States inobatira kwamakore matanhatu, naaya mashoko anokatyamadzwa zvokuti chikamu chimwe chezvigaro zveDare chakazaruka nokuda kwesarudzo makore maviri ari ose.Chikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo chakaraira kuti vatengi vasarudzwe nemitemo yehurumende, asi Dare rechi 17, iro rakasimbiswa muna 1913, rakachinja uyu muitiro kutungamirira kurusarudzo runoitwa navavhoti, tsika imwe cheteyo inoshandiswa kuvhota mitezo yeImba.

Imba yaVamiriri inoita sarudzo makore maviri ari ose, na 435 vose vakagara panzvimbo imwe cheteyo nokuda kwesarudzo. Uku kugarosarudza kunowanzova kunovimbisa kuti Imba inoramba yakabatana zvikuru nemirangariro yavose yazvino uno uye inobvumira chinjo dzinokurumidza zvikuru murumbidzo rwekamuri racho dzakavakirwa pazvisarudzo zvinochinja.

Hurumende Nezvisarudzo Zvomunzvimbomo

Sarudzo dzingazadza mahofisi mudare remitemo, pane dzimwe nguva mudare rehurumende rinotungamirira neredare remitemo, uye nokuda kwehurumende yenharaunda neyomunzvimbomo, zvakadai samaguta kana kuti mataundi. Hurumende nenzvimbo kazhinji kazhinji zvine tapuro yakananga zvikurusa paupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwavagari vemo, sezvo ava vakuru vakuru vanoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pedzidzo, chengeteko yavose, zvivako, nzvimbo dzamakokero, uye mabasa omunzvimbomo.

Sarudzo dzehurumende dzinobatanidza marusarudzo nokuda kwagavhuna, vaiti vemitemo, magweta, vanyori vehurumende, uye mamwe mahofisi enyika akasiana - siana. Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo dzinobatanidza nzvimbo dzakadai sameya, mitezo yedare reguta, vamiriri veboka reruwa, mitezo yeboka rechikoro, uye vatongi. Paavhareji, inenge 60% yevota yevagari veAmerica muvhoti dzapurezidhendi, asi nokuda kwesarudzo dzomunzvimbomo, muvhoti anowanzova akaderera zvikuru.

Majerencem Nenhano Dzeballot

Mukuwedzera kusarudzo dzinosarudzwa, zviremera zvakawanda zvinobvumira vagari vemo kuvhota zvakananga pamibvunzo yetsika kupfurikidza nezviito zvokutanga zvehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Mareferendendim anowanzobatanidza mibvunzo inoiswa pavhoti nematare ehurumende, nepo zvirongwa zvokutanga zvinenge zviri zvikarakadzo zvevagari vemo zvinokwanirisa nokuda kwechivhoti kupfurikidza nokusaina chikumbiro. aya maturusi ehurumende inosarudzwa nehurumende inopa nzira yokuwedzera yokutora rutivi kwevagari vemo uye inogona kukurukura nhau idzo vakuru vakasarudzwa vangazeza kugadzirisa.

Chikonzero Nei Zvinhu Zvako Zvichifadza: Simba Romubato Womumwe Nomumwe

Kutapura Chaizvo Kudzora Kudzora

Vakuru vakuru vasingateereri vanoita zvisarudzo zvinotapura rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kubva pakutsigira mari yedzidzo nokuwana mirau yemhoteredzo negadziriro yezvoutano. Nokuvhota, vagari vemo vanoshandisa pesvedzero yakananga paizvi zvisarudzo zvakakomba.

Rudzi rwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu nderwokuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vanozvidavirira kuvanhu, uye vanofanira kudzokera kuvavhoti panhambo dzakatarwa kuti vatsvake murairo wavo wokupfuurira vari muhofisi, namabumbiro ehurumende mazhinjisa anogovera kuti sarudzo dzinoitwa panguva dzakarongwa dzenguva dzose. Uyu muitiro wokuzvidavirira unoshanda bedzi apo vagari vemo vanotora sarudzo ndokuita kuti vamiriri vavo vapiwe mutoro nokuda kwezviito zvavo munzvimbo.

Kusarudza Kwapedyo Nezviito Zvakasimba

Nhau yakazadzwa nemienzaniso yesarudzo yakasarudzwa nemicheto yereza, ichiratidzira kuti vhoti iri yose inogona zvirokwazvo kuita musiano. Mumadzinza apedyo, muuyo ungatsamira pachiverengero chishomanene bedzi chamavhoti, uye kutora rutivi kwomunhu mumwe nomumwe kunova kunotonyanya kuoma. apo vagari vomunyika vanodavira kuti vhoti yavo hainei basa ndokusarudza kusatora rutivi, ivo nenzira inobudirira vanopa vamwe inzwi ravo mumuitiro wehurumende yehurumende.

Muuyo unowedzerwa wezvisarudzo zvokuvhota mumwe nomumwe unoumba miuyo inosarudzwa uye, kupfurikidza netambanuko, murairo wemitemo yehurumende. Kunyange mumadzinza asina kuva pedyo zvikuru, muvhoti mukuru anovimbisa kuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vane donzo rakajeka zvikuru uye vanonzwisisa zviri nani kuda kwavamiriri vavo.

Mufananidzo Nenzwi

Muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu isina kunanga kana kuti inomirira, kuvhota uye sarudzo ndiwo mutoo uyo vanhu vanosarudza nawo vanhu vachavamirira, nepo vachitoita zvisarudzo. Pasina kutora rutivi kwokushingaira musarudzo, vagari vemo vanorasikirwa nebanza ravo rokuva nemirangariro yavo, itiro hanya, uye zvokutanga zvinomiririrwa mukuita chisarudzo chehurumende.

Apo mapoka akati echiverengero chavagari vemo kana kuti nzanga dzine muvhoti akaderera, fariro dzawo dzingafuratirwa kana kuti kuratidzirwa muzvisarudzo zvemitemo. Nenzira inopesana, mwero yakakwirira yokutora rutivi mumativi ose enzanga inotungamirira kuudzori hunobatanidza hwakawanda uye hunomirira.

Mutoro Webic Noutano Hwehurumende

Apo nhamba huru yevavhoti vakakodzera vanosarudza dzinosarudza munzanga dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu dzinoda kuvimbisana kushingaira kuti ishande zvinobudirira.

Muvhoti mukuru anosimbisa kuva pamutemo kwehurumende yegutsaruzhinji uye anova nechokwadi chokuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vanomirira zvirokwazvo kuda kwavanhu.Inopawo shoko pamusoro poutano nesimba ramasangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.Robhustt kunoratidzira chivimbo chavose mugadziriro yakasarudzwa nemusengwa wokutonga kwehurumende yehurumende.

Migumisiro Yakareba

Migumisiro yesarudzo inotambanukira kure kupfuura chinzvimbo chapakarepo chevakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa. Zvisarudzo zvinoitwa navamiriri vakasarudzwa zvinogona kuva netapuro dzinogara panzanga, hurumende, uye nyika kwamakore kana kuti kunyange makumi amakore. Kugadzwa kworutongeso rwedare, kuisa mari yedzidzo, uye mitemo yedzidzo yemhoteredzo inongova mienzaniso mishomanene yenharaunda umo zvisarudzo zvanhasi zvinosarudzwa zvichava chaizvoizvo mangwana.

Kupfurikidza nokutora rutivi musarudzo, vavhoti vanobetsera kusarudza kwete bedzi muitiro wazvino asi murairo wenhambo refu wenzanga dzavo nenyika. Uku kutarira mberi kwevhoti kunosimbisa ukoshi hwokutora nokufunga uye kuita zvisarudzo kwokuziva pabhokisi rebhora.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvokuparadzira Uye Kuedza Kuwedzera Kubatanidzwa

Zvipingamupinyi Zvinozivikanwa Navose Zvokutora Rutivi

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwokuvhota, mhinganidzo dzakasiyana - siyana dzinogona kudzivisa kana kuti kudzivisa vagari vemo vakakodzera kutora rutivi musarudzo. idzi mhinganidzo dzinobatanidza zvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa, mitemo yokuvhota, nzvimbo dzinosarudzwa dzakaganhurirwa, mitsetse mirefu, kushaikwa kwechokufambisa, rwisano dzepurogiramu dzebasa, uye mashoko asina kukwana pamusoro pavanoda kutora rutivi nenhau.

Vatsigiri vanoti matanho akadaro anochengetedza kuperera pasarudzo, nepo vatsoropodzi vachipikisana nevanhu uye vachikonzera zvipingamupinyi zvisina basa.

Kuwedzera Kuwana Bhallet

Kuziva ukoshi hwokutora rutivi kwakafara, mativi mazhinji akaita matanho okuita kuti kuvhota kuve nyore zvikuru. Idzi dzinobatanidza nhambo dzokuvhota kwapakuvamba, kusavapo kwokuvhota, gadziriro dzokuvhota namaposi, maawa okuvhota akarebeswa, uye kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero. Kunyoresa kwechiVter kwakaitwa kuti kuve kunowanika nenzira inowedzera mumakore, uye Congress achipfuudza National Voter Regablication Act (NVRA) muna 1994 nechinangwa chokuwedzera mwero yokuvhota.

Ruzivo rwezvigadzirwa rwakaitawo basa mukuwedzera kusvika. Munyika dzakawanda, vagari vemo vakakodzera vanogonawo kuvhota paIndaneti, kunyange zvazvo zvichida vachida rezinesi rokutyaira, ID yehurumende, uye kana kuti nhamba ina yokupedzisira yenhamba yako yokuchengeteka munzanga kuti inyorese paIndaneti, sezvo nyika dzakawanda dzichida kopi yesaini yako pafaira.

Dzidzo Yezviyo Nebvumirano

Kuwedzera kutora rutivi hakungodi bedzi kubvisa mhinganidzo asiwo kuva nechokwadi chokuti vagari vemo vane mashoko nezviwanikwa zvavanoda kuti vatsigire nenzira inobudirira.

Apo vavhoti vanonzwisisa nhau dziri mungozi uye nzvimbo dzavanoda kubhapatidzwa vakasiyana - siyana, vanogona kuita zvisarudzo zvakaziviswa zvikuru izvo zvinoratidzira zvirokwazvo mipimo yavo nezvinokosha.

Basa Remapati Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Muzvisarudzo

Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika anoita basa guru mukuronga nokubatanidza muitiro wokuvhota. Muitiro wesarudzo yapurezidhendi unovamba namapati ezvamatongerwe enyika eAmerica, America ichiva zvikurukuru gadziriro ine mativi maviri yakaumbwa neDemocratic Party neRepublicaan, uye apo mamwe mapoka aripo, iwo ane simba duku zvikuru nepesvedzero apo anoenzaniswa namapoka makuru maviri.

Mapati anoita mabasa anokosha anoverengeka mugadziriro yokuvhota. Anoita kuti vanoda kuvhota vatsigire, vanotanga zvirongwa zvemitemo, vavhoti, vanogovera gadziriro dzesangano nokuda kwenhimbe, uye vanobetsera vavhoti kuti vasarudze nzira dzinoshandiswa nezvinofungwa nemativi epfungwa. Zvisinei, kudzora kwemasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika kwave kuchitsoropodzwawo uye kugadziridzwa kwenhamburiko dzakaitirwa kuderedza pesvedzero yeboka rehurumende mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.

Kutendeseka Nokuchengeteka Zvinosarudzwa

Vakuru vakuru vezvirongwa zvokusarudza vanoshandisa dziviriro dzakawanda kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vhoti dzinovhota dzinosarudzwa ndokuverengwa zvakarurama, kuti vavhoti bedzi vakakodzera, uye kuti muitiro wacho unoramba usina utsotsi kana kuti kubiridzira.

Idzi dziviriro dzinobatanidza kuva nechokwadi chokuvhota, matanho echengeteko okuvhota, kurovedza mushandi wokuvhota, kucherekedza kunoitwa navamiriri vebato nevanonzvera vazvimirira, kunzvera kwapashure pekusarudza, uye miitiro yokuverenga. Nepo pasina gadziriro yakakwana, mibatanidzwa mizhinji yechengeteko netarisiro mumasarudzo azvino uno inoita kuti kunyengera kwakapararira kuve kwakaoma zvikuru uye kusingawanzowaniki.

Vakuru vakuru vezvokuvhota uye vagadziri vemitemo vanoramba vachishanda nesimba kuti vasimbise kuchengetedza zvinhu asi vachiramba vachikwanisa kuvhota.

Maonero Anoita Nyika Dzose Pazvisarudzo

Nepo nyaya ino ichinangidzira ngwariro zvikurukuru pasarudzo muUnited States, kunokosha kucherekedza kuti sarudzo dzedemocracy dzinoitika munyika yose, imwe neimwe ine mavara akasiyana anoumbwa negadziriro dzamabumbiro emitemo akasiana, gadziriro dzakasarudzwa, uye tsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Mitoo yezviito nemitoo yezvinoitika yakasvika pakushandiswa munenge munyika dzose dzedemocracy, kungova kwaichimbova nyika dzeBritain neFrance.

Kuongorora masangano anosarudzwa mudzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa nevanhu kunogona kupa nzwisiso uye maonero anokosha pamusoro pokuti nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokusarudza dzinoita kuti vanhu vamiririre, vaitewo chimwe chinhu, uye vatungamirire.

Nguva Yemberi Yezvisarudzo

Kukurukurirana nezvokuchinja kungangoitwa zvinhu kunosanganisira kuitisana nharo pamusoro peElectoral College, mitemo yezvemari, nzira dzokuvhota, nzira dzokuchinja, uye kushandiswa kweruzivo rwokuvhota nokuverenga.

Unyanzvi hwokubatanidza hunopa zvose zviri zviviri mikana nedenho nokuda kwesarudzo. Kuvhota paUniversity, gadziriro dzevhairasi, uye mapepa okuvhota akavandudzwa anogona kuwedzera kuwanikwa nokubudirira, asi hunomutsawo mibvunzo pamusoro pechengeteko, kuva woga, uye kupesana kwemibatanidzwa yemadhigirii. Kudzikamisa kugadziridzwa nokuchengeteka nokuwana mashoko kunoramba kuri chinetso chinopfuurira kuvatungamiriri vesarudzo navagadziri vemiitiro.

Kuita Chiito: Nzira Yokuita Nayo Zvinobudirira

Kunzwisisa kuti basa rokusarudza inhano yokutanga kukutora rutivi rune revo.

  • Iva nechokwadi chokuti vakanyoreswa kuti vavhote uye kuti vachengete mashoko avo okunyoresa aripo
  • Gara uchiziva nezvezvirongwa zvokusarudza zviri kuuya, zvokuda kusarudzwa, uye zvokuvhota
  • Vanoda kutsvakurudza uye zvinyorwa zvevanoda kuvhota vasati vavhota
  • Nzwisisa marongerwo ezvivhoti, kusanganisira nguva yokunyoresa, nzvimbo dzokuvhota, uye zvinodiwa zvokuvhota
  • Ita gadziriro yokuvhota, pangava pazuva resarudzo, mukati mokuvhota kwapakuvamba, kana kuti kupfurikidza netsamba
  • Kurudzira hama neshamwari kuti dziitewo chimwe chinhu
  • Rangarira kuzvipira somushandi wokuvhota kana kuti mucherechedzi wesarudzo
  • Ramba uchisarudza nokutevera purogiramu uye kukurukura nevamiririri vakasarudzwa

Nokuda kwaavo vanotsvaka kunyoresa kuvhota kana kuti kuwana mashoko pamusoro pesarudzo dzinotevera, zviwanikwa zvapamutemo zvakadai se Vov.gov inogovera mashoko akazara, asingatori rutivi pamusoro pomuitiro wokunyoresa, zvinodikanwa zvokuvhota, uye misi yesarudzo. Hurumende namahofisi esarudzo zvomunzvimbomo zvinopawo mashoko ane udzame akananga kuhurumende imwe neimwe.

mhedziso

Kubva panhano dzokutanga dzokunyoresa kwevavhoti kupfurikidza negwara rehurumende, kugovera mutoo unokosha uyo vagari vemo vanoshandisa nawo uchangamire uye vanoita kuti vatungamiriri vavo vazvidavirire.

Kunzwisisa marudzi akasiyana - siyana esarudzo, kubva kumakwikwi apurezidhendi kusvikira kumadzinza omunzvimbomo nokutanga kuvhota, kunobetsera vagari vemo kunzwisisa ukuru hwakazara hwesimba ravo redemokrasi.Kunyange kuvhota nokuda kwebasa rakakwirira zvikurusa munyika yacho kana kuti nokuda kwemitezo yedare rechikoro chomunzvimbomo, chisarudzo chimwe nechimwe chechisarudzo chinobetsera kuumba miitiro nezvinokosha zvinotapura upenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Kukosha kwokutora rutivi kwomunhu mumwe nomumwe hakugoni kunyanyoziviswa. Nhau dzose dzokuvhota, kwete bedzi mukusarudza miuyo yapakarepo asiwo mukusimbisa masangano ehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kuvimbisa udzori hwemimiriri, uye kuumba nhungamiro yenguva refu yenzanga namarudzi. Apo vagari vemo vanonzwisisa kuti sarudzo dzinoshanda sei uye kutora rutivi nenzira inoshingaira mazviri, hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inobudirira.

Sezvo nzanga dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu dzinopfuurira kuchinja ndokutarisana nedenho itsva, nheyo huru dzinotungamirira sarudzo dzinoramba dziri dzenguva dzose: hurumende inowana chiremera chayo mukubvumira kwevanotongwa, uye kubvuma ikoko kunofanira kupiwa norusununguko kupfurikidza nemiitiro yokusarudza inosarudza inoratidzirwa, inojeka, uye inosvikika. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa iyi nheyo nokutora rutivi nokushingaira mukusarudza, vagari vemo vanoita mutoro wavo wehurumende yehurumende uye vanovimbisa kuti hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu irambe yakasimba, inogamuchira, uye inobudirira nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvichauya.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pevhota nasarudzo, shanyira SAV'S zviwanikwa zvasarudzo kana kuti bvunza hofisi yako yesarudzo yoruwa nokuda kwezvinodikanwa chaizvo nemiitiro munharaunda yenyu.