Nzvero dzokumanikidza dzinomirira imwe yemifungo mizhinji ine mifungo mizhinji zvikuru munhimbe yamatongerwe enyika yazvino uno. Kusafanana nenzvero dzapamutemo dzakagadzirirwa kuyera murangariro wavose musayenzi, kunzvera kunonyandura kunoitwa nevavariro yakajeka ye inopa pfungwa [ — kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nokuparadzira mashoko akaipa kana kuti anotsausa mukurumbira wenzvero. Idzi kana kuti mapepa epaIndaneti haaedzi kudzidza izvo muvhoti anofunga; panzvimbo pezvo, vanoedza kuisa pfungwa dzakananga kana kuti nzanga. Kunzwisisa kuti nzira iyi nzira inoshandiswa nayo iri nzira inokosha nokuda kwemunhu upi noupi anoedza kunzvera kwakakomba mamiriro ezvinhu enguva yokuvhotambira.

Nepo nzvero dzamagamuchidzanwa dzichiedza nenzira isingazivikanwi kuwana nzwisiso yenhamba dzinoshanda, kunzvera kwokusunda kusinganyadzisiswi kana kuti kunyomba. Dzinowanzova pfupi, dzinobatanidza chiverengero chiduku chemibvunzo, uye dzinopiwa norunhare, mashoko, kana kuti magariro etsika — kazhinji kazhinji pasina kuziviswa kwesangano rinotsigira. Nemhaka yokuti havasati vari pasi pemiraudzo imwe cheteyo yokuoneka sezviziviso zvinoshambadzwa munzvimbo dzakawanda, kumanikidza kunzvera kunogona kushanda munzvimbo yachena. Nyaya ino inogovera nzvero dzakajeka-ka-kadukusa dzekunzvera: nhau yavo, unyanzvi hwavo, mitoo yavo inovashandisa pamufambiro unogamuchirwa, pamutemo uye kurukurirano dzapamutemo dzakavapoteredza, uye nzira dzinoshanda kuazivisa.

Kutsanangura uye Kusiyana Kwezvinhu Zvinoitwa Nokumanikidza Vamwe Kuita Chii?

Nzvero inomanikidzira haisati iri nzvero yose mupfungwa yemiitiro. Shoko racho rakakurumbira muma 1990 kurondedzera kutengesa pafoni kana kuti kurukurirano yomutoo umo donzo guru riri kunyengetedza, kwete muunganidzwa wemashoko. Kunzverwawo zvako kungabvunza mubvunzo wakadai, “Kudai ungava kana kuti ungangova muduku zvikuru kuvhota kwaCandidate Smith kana waiziva kuti akanga adudzwa nokuda kwokuputsa mari kwechirongwa?” Kunyange kana kupomera kwacho kuri kwenhema kana kuti kubviswa mumashoko akapoteredza, kudzokororwawo zvako kweshoko mu “foroma yeChoperoma kunozvipa kuvimbika.

Mafemu okuvhota anonamatira kumipimo yorumano yakarongwa namasangano akadai se American Association for Public Opinion Research (APOR]). Vanoshuma ukuru, miganhu yemhosho, mashoko epanikiro, uye kubhadharwa. Kuvhota, nokupesana, kusingatongopinduri. Iwo anoratidzirwawo noukuru huduku — kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji bedzi mazana mashomanene “vamiriri” — uye haaedzi kuedza kurema kana kuti miuyo. “Basa chairoiro yokunzvera" ipfungwa yakachinjwa yomunhu uyo akapindura runhare.

Misiyano Inokosha Pakati Pekumanikidza Kufurira Nokuongorora

  • [[FOL:0]Purpose: Kunzvera kwemitemo; kumanikidza kunzvera kuchinja murangariro.
  • [[FT:0] Ukuru hwezvisarudzo: Nhamba yakakodzera inovavarirwa nokuda kwenzvero yomumiriri (kazhinji kazhinji 1 000+); kumanikidza kuvhota kunoshandisa mapoka maduku, asingamirirwi.
  • [[FOL:0] Chirongwa chokutsiva: Nzvero dzemitemo dzinodzivisa kutungamirira kana kuti kuisa mashoko pamitsetse; kumanikidza kuvhota kutsamira pachiri.
  • Tsvakara: Vaongorori vanorumbidzwa vanozivisa mitoo nemari; kumanikidza kuvhota kazhinji kazhinji hakuzivikanwi kana kuti kushandisa ID inonyengera.
  • [[FT:0] Kuvhota kwakakodzera kunobudisa mahwendefa amapepa; kutsinhanisa kunoparira sarudza rachinjwa.

Mavambo Enhau uye Mienzaniso Isingacherechedzeki

Nepo shoko rokuti “nzvero” razvino uno zvikuru, muitiro wokushandisa mibvunzo yenzvero nokuda kwokunyengetedza unovambira shure kwamakumi amakore. Kumwe kwokushandiswa kukuru kwakanyorwa kwapakuvamba kwakaitika mukati me 1996 Republican purezidary primerities. Nhimbe yaPat Buchanan inoshumwa kuva yakashandiswa kumanikidza kunzvera muIowa neNew Hampshire kubatanidza Bob Dole kuwedzero yemitero. Nzira yacho yakanga ichishanda kwazvo zvokuti yakaparira kudzokorokoroka kwechinobudisa nhau uye nhimbe dzinokwikwidzani, zvichitungamirira kukutepfekedzwa kwakapararira kwenzira yacho kwenguva yokutanga.

Zvichida muenzaniso wakaipa zvikurusa unobatanidza dzinza guru ra 2000 reRepublica pakati paGeorge W. Bush naJohn McCain. Calls vakaitwa kuvavhoti muSouth Carolina vachibvunza, kuti, “Mungadai mava nebviro zvikuru kuti muvhotere John McCaine kana muchiziva kuti akanga ava nemwana mutema asina pamutemo?” Mubvunzo wakataura runyerekupe rusina kuganhurirwa pamusoro pomwana anodiwa naMcCain anobva kuBangladesh. Nhimbesano yeMcCain gare gare gare yakazivisa runhare serune mutsigiridzi weBush, kunyange zvazvo Bush anoramba zivo yakananga. Chiiti chinoramba chiri nhau yebhuku yekuva yekuva inopfuudzira kukuva mukurumbira wemutengi.

Mune zvikamu zvenguva pfupi yapfuura, kuongorora kwachinja kupfuura kuridza runhare. Tsamba, kubvunza vanhu nezvemaInternet, uye Indaneti “kushambadza” zvinoshanda zvakafanana. Mukati me2020 Democratic primiry, vavhoti munyika dzinoverengeka vakashuma kuti vakagamuchira kuongorora kwairatidza kuti Elizabeth Warren akanga atsigira mutemo wakananga waakanga asina. Mashoko aya maduku anogona kuva akavanzika zvikuru nemhaka yokuti anobva kushamwari kana kuti kune imwe nzvimbo.

Zvigadzirwa Zvinoshandiswa Mukushatisa

Kuongorora kunoitwa nevanhu kunobva pamichina mishomanana inobatsira chaizvo kana yakashandiswa muchidimbu, kuchiita kuti pfungwa dzedu dzifunge — nzira iyo pfungwa dzedu dzinongoshanda nadzo, kazhinji tisingazvizivi.

Mutauro Wakaoma

Mashoko anorema. Mibvunzo yokuvhota inosanotaurwa kunyandura kuita kwakasimba. Somuenzaniso, mubvunzo unganongedzera ku “mushonga unoshambadza wehurumende” panzvimbo pe“ hurumende inopambadza” kana kuti “mutero” panzvimbo pe“mutero unokwesha.” Kusarudza majekesi namazita kunobatanidza nhau pamberi pomuvhoti ane mukana wokufunga. Mashoko akafanana ne “mushonga unofambiswa nehurumende,”“ mushonga unorapa,” uye “mubhadharo wemariro,” anozivikanwa mukusunda majeko. Nemhaka yokuti anonyandura kuita kwapamberi.

Kushatisa

Nzvero dzine simba zvikurusa dzinonangidzira ngwariro pazvakaipa. Nzvero muruzivo rwendangariro rwezvamatongerwe enyika inoratidza kuti mashoko asina kunaka anoyeukwa zvikuru uye sezvingabvira zvikuru kupesvedzera zvisarudzo zvokuvhota kupfuura mashoko akanaka — chinoitika chinozivikanwa serusaruro rwezvisingabviri. Nzvero yokusunda inobvunza kuti, “Kungava here kana kuti kushoma zvikuru kutsigira mukwereti kana waiziva kuti akanga atora mari inogamuchirwa navagamuchiri? ”?” Inotanga muvhoti kuti abatane nouori, pasinei zvapo noufakazi chaihwo. Purogiramu inomanikidza muvhoti kuti atsigiridze mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa, kunyange kana vakaaramba pakupedzisira.

Mibvunzo Inotungamirira

Mubvunzo mukuru unokarakadza nenzira yamanomano mhinduro inodikanwa. Somuenzaniso: “Mune upfumi husina kujeka hwanhasi, haubvumi kuti tinoda mukwikwidzani ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwebhizimisi rwakabvumikiswa, kufanana naCandidate X?” Purofisha inokuita kuti kuve kwakaoma munzanga kusabvumirana. shanduro dzakawanda dzakajeka dzinoshandiswa “sezvaungaziva” kuti dzibudise mashoko asina chokwadi:“ Sezvaungaziva, Canditessa Y anosarudza kukwidza mitero pamhuri dzomukirasi dzapakati. Izvo zvine chokuita here?”

Mashoko Anosarudza

Nzvero dzinopa rutivi rumwe bedzi rwenhau. Muvhoti angabvunzwa, kuti, “Kunokuitirai hanya here kuti Candidate Z anotsigira mari nokuda kwepurogiramu yakatsoropodzwa nokuda kwendyiko dzayo dzakakwirira dzokutarisira?” Pasina kududzwa kupi nokupi kwebudiriro dzepurogiramu kana kuti betsero huru. Kupfurikidza nokuwana maidi, muvhoti anosunda muvhoti kuyera muitiro wakavakirwa pamashoko asina kukwana neanosarura.

Kudzikama Kwenhema Nokuzvidzosera

Dzimwe nzvero dzinogombedzera dzinoshandisa nhevedzano yemibvunzo inodzokorora kutaura kwakaipa kanoverengeka. Kunyange zvazvo muvhoti angasabvumirana pakutanga, kudzokororawo zvako kunowedzera zvokwadi inocherechedzwa yeshoko — muuyo wendangariro unozivikanwa setapuro yenhema yezvokwadi. Nhimbe yokukandira tsvina yevhiki yose ingasvika pamuvhoti kanoverengeka, nguva imwe neimwe ichikumbira mhatsa yakasiana yetsvimbo imwe cheteyo, zvishoma nezvishoma kubvisa kupanikira.

Kutsigira Kwakakwana

Kunzverwa kwokumanikidzana kunowanzoguma nomubvunzo wakadai souyu, “Ungangotsigira zvikuru here mukwikwidzani anoshora kupambadzwa kwemadhora omutero?” Hapana anonyoreswa zita, asi mubvunzo wacho wakagadzirirwa kutungamirira munhu anobvumirana kumugariro uyo uchashandiswa zvisina kufanira mukutumira mashoko echirongwa. Migumisiro yemibvunzo yakadaro ipapo inoziviswa soufakazi hwetsigiro yavose nokuda kwenzvimbo, kunyange zvazvo mubvunzo wacho wakapinzwa.

Kushatisa Kwakaita Makambani Okushatisa Vanhu Nemazano Akanaka

Kunzverwa kwemabhomba hakungoshandiswi kwakabatanidza zvinhu izvi sechimwe chezvirongwa zvikuru zvokukurukurirana, kazhinji mumavhiki okupedzisira kusati kwasarudzwa apo vavhoti vanogamuchira zvikurusa kutumira mashoko kwenguva pfupi.

Kupa Mhosva Nokugadzira Agenda

Kupfurikidza nokumutsa nhau chaiyo mukunzvera kwokumanikidzira, vavhoti venhimbe vanofunga pamusoro penhau iyoyo pakunzvera vada kufunda. Somuenzaniso, kana nhimbe ichida kuita kuti chengeteko yorudzi ive chinhu chokutanga, inogona kusunda vavhoti nemibvunzo inobatanidza muvengi neutera. Kunyange kana muvhoti akanga asina kurangarira nhau yacho kare, kuvhota kwacho kunoita kuti ive nhete. Uku kunonzi kuronga kwezvirongwa — kupesvedzera nhau dzinorangarira kuva dzinokosha.

Mavhoriyamu Anotanhamara

Nhimbe dzazvino uno dzine mijenya ine udzame hwevavhoti, kubatanidza nyoreso yomubato, nhau yokuvhota, mufambiro wavatengi, uye kunyange mubato wesocial meInternet. Nzvero dzokuvhota dzinogona kuitirwa pamapoka akati evagari vemo sezvingabvira anganyengedzwa neshoko rakati. Somuenzaniso, nhimbe ingasunda vanamai vomumusha wemumahotera nemari yechikoro, kana kuti vagari vemo vakuru pakushandisa mari yezvoutano. Mibvunzo yacho inowirirana nefunganyo dzeboka rimwe nerimwe, ichiwedzera tapuro yesimba.

Kuedza Mashoko Akaipa Okudenha

Pamberi pokutanga purogiramu yeterevhizheni kana kuti mufambisi wetsamba, nhimbe dzingaedza mashoko kupfurikidza nokuvhota kwokumanikidzira. Kupfurikidza nokuyera kuti vavhoti vanoita sei kushanduro dzakasiana- siyana dzekutaura kwakaipa, nhimbe yacho inogona kuchenesa mutauro kuti uve unokuvadza zvikurusa. “Pope” ipapo inozoshandiswa mukati — kwete kusunungurwa kuvanhu — kutungamirira gadziriro yokushambadzira. Mupfungwa iyi, kusunda kuvhota kunobatira seboka rinosimukira iro rinodyarawo shoko.

Kudyara Nyore uye Kutsauka

Dzimwe nzvero dzinomanikidzira dzakarongedzerwa kwete kuchinja mavhoti asi kuderedza kuwanda pakati pavatsigiri vomutevedzeri. Mibvunzo yakafanana neiyi: “Kudai waiziva kuti A akanga atochengetwa nenhume dzakaringanira kuhwina, ungangovhota muchinhu chikuru here?” inogona kuderedza mavambo omuvengi kupfurikidza nokuita kuti sarudza riratidzike serisina tariro kana kuti risina revo. Iyi nzira yakarovedzeka zvikurukuru mumakwikwidzano makuru umo chiverengero chiduku chavavhoti chinosarudza muuyo wacho.

Kuumba Kuchinja Kwematombo

Nhimbe dzingakurudzira kuvhota kubvunza muvhoti uyo vanofunga kuti achahwina, panzvimbo pekuti ndoupi wavanoda. Miuyo ipapo inodirwa nenzira yakasarudzwa kuzvinobudisa nhau soufakazi hwe “mukurumbira” kana kuti“ kukwanisa.” Ikoku kunoparira uporofita hwokuzvigutsa: vavhoti vanoda kudzorera mukundi, uye miuyo yokunzvera inorongwa inovapwisa kuti mutevedzeri chaiye ndiye mumhanyi wenhabvu.

Kubatsira Kunoita Mafungiro Evanhu uye Kuratidza Kunoita Vamwe

Zvisinei, masayendisiti ezvematongerwo enyika akanyora zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana zvinopesvedzera kuongorora kunoitwa nevanhu kuti vafeyafeya:

  • Ruzivo rwenyongano: Majee anowanzokanganwa kwaakanzwa kutaura kwakaipa asi anochengeta murangariro wemirangariro. “manyuko” anoita kuti manyuko aratidzike kuva asina wirirano, anowedzera kuvimbika.
  • Kuendeswa kune mativi ose: Mashoko asina kunaka anobva mukunzverwa kunoparira kuita kwemirangariro kunozviitikira kumuvhoti, kunyange kana muvhoti achizvidza nenzira ine mufungo mashoko acho.
  • Muuyo wekunyengera: Nokufamba kwenguva, tapuro yokunyengetedza yeshoko inogona kukura zvomenemene sezvo yeuko yamanyuko inonyangarika. Kushambadza kwechisaririra kunoratidzika kuva kunopanikirika panguvayo kunganzwa mavhiki echokwadi zvikuru gare gare.
  • Uhwuru: Apo mashoko okukandira anodzungaidza kukarakadza mudariki anobudiswa, vavhoti vangakwira mugungwa kuti vakumbanire anozivikanwa.

Mukuwirirana nenzvero yakabudiswa mu Journal of Political Marking, kuva pedyo nemubvunzo mumwe chete wokusaidzira kugona kuchinja zvisarudzo zvinosarudzwa nezvikamu 3 kusvikira ku5 muzana pakati pavavhoti vasina kunyorwa. Musarudzo yapedyo, iyo muganhu unopedza. Uyezve, kuvadziko yacho inowanzonangidzirwa pakati pavavhoti vezvamatongerwe enyika vashomanene — chaizvoizvo vateereri vanoda kusvika nemashoko akapfava.

Kurangarira Kwetsika Nenzvimbo Yetsika Yachena

Tsika dzokumanikidzira kuvhota dzakakakavadzana zvikuru.Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kumanikidza kuvhota kunonyengera nenzira yomuzvarirwo nemhaka yokuti vanoshatisa vavariro yavo. Muvhoti anopindura “munzveri” anodavira kuti vari kutora rutivi mukunzvera, kwete kuiswa pasi pamashoko anoparadzirwa. Ikoku kunoputsa nheyo yetsika yokubvuma kwokuziva, iko kunzvera kwapamutemo nekurukurirano yedemocracy.

Kupfuurirazve, kunzvera kwokumanikidzira kunowanzobatanidza nhema chaidzoidzo kana kuti kumonyanisa kwakakomba. Kunyange kana kutaura kwacho kuri kwechokwadi muruzivo rwezvoruzivo, kuvhota kwakasarudzwa ndekwechitsotsi. Somuenzaniso, nzvero yokumanikidzira ingabvunza kuti, “Ungava nomukana mukuru wokuvhota nokuda kwaXid Dantia kana uchiziva kuti iye anovhotera kutsigira mari nokuda kwavakarwa?” Usingadudzi kuti vhoti yakanga iri rutivi rwomutemo mukuru zvikuru uyo muvhoti anoshora nokuda kwezvimwe zvikonzero.

Kune rumwe rutivi, vamwe vadziviriri vanotaura kuti kumanikidza kuongorora irudzi rwekutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakadzivirirwa neFirst Amendment. Vanopikisa kuti vada kukumbira vane kodzero yokukurukura mashoko asina kunaka kuvavhoti, uye kana mashoko acho akarurama, mutoo wokupa haufaniri kudzorwa. Zvisinei, iyi nhetembo inokundikana kutsanangura mamiriro enhema e “Poll”. Kana chirongwa chakabhadharwa nokuda kwechikumbiro chakanzi“ ichi chitsotsiro chinopesana naCandidate Y, muvhoteri anozviziva kuti vari kushambadzwa.

Masangano okuvhota seAPOR akadzivisa zvakasimba kubvunziswa. Bumbiro remitemo retsika nenzira yakajeka rinotaura kuti vavhoti havafaniri kupinda mu “kushandiswa kwenzvero kuparadzira mashoko enhema kana kuti anotsausa.” Masangano mazhinji emitemo enyika akaedzawo kudzora kuvhota, nebudiriro yakasiana.

Nzvimbo Dzine Mabhuku: Chinobvumirwa uye Chisiri

MuUnited States, kunzvera kunoda kudzorwa zvikurukuru hakudzorwi pamwero womubatanidzwa. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ine mitemo pamusoro pezvirongwa zverobhalls namashoko akarekodwa, asi ivo havatauri zvakananga zviri mukati memibvunzo yokumanikidzira. Zvisinei, hurumende dzinoverengeka dzakagadza mitemo inoda kumanikidza vakumbiri kuti vazivise sangano rinotsigira uye kutaura zvakajeka kuti danidzo iri kuitwa nokuda kwenhimbe. Dzimwe nyika dzinorambidzawo kushandiswa kwokuvhotera mukati mechiverengero chakati chemazuva pamberi pesarudzo.

Somuenzaniso, mutemo weMichigan unoda kuti munhu upi noupi anonzverwa anofanira kuzivisa zita nekero zvesangano rinobhadhara runhare. Kukundikana kuita kudaro kunogona kuguma nefashoni. Florida, Ohio, uye North Carolina ane mirau yakafanana. Zvisinei, kumanikidza kunopesana, uye kumanikidza kwakawanda kunosunda kunoitwa namakambani echitoro kana kuti matare ezvamatongerwe enyika ayo akaoma kutevera.

MuCanada, Sangano reMasarudzo rinorambidza munhu upi noupi kunyora mashoko enhema pamusoro pomuda kubhabhatidzwa, kubatanidza kupfurikidza nenzvero. Nzvero dzinobatanidza mashoko enhema kana kuti anotsausa dzinogona naizvozvo kutungamirira kupomero dzoutsotsi. Sarudzo dzoruwa dzinoverengeka dzakaona kunzvera kumanikidzira, kunyange zvazvo kudenha kusingawanzowaniki. MuUnited Kingdom, kushandiswa kwokumanikidzira kurangarirwa kuva kuputswa kwemipimo yeUK Polling Council, asi dare harina simba rokuchengeta pamutemo.

Nzira Yokuziva Nayo Ndokuita Nayo Kuburitsa Mutsinga

Kuvota, vadzidzisi, kudzidza kuziva kunzvera kwokumanikidza unyanzvi hwokurava nokunyora hwezvinobudisa nhau hunotsoropodza. zviratidzo zvinotevera zvinogona kubetsera kusiyanisa nzvero inomanikidzirwa mukunzvera kwapamutemo:

  • Nzvero pfupi zvikuru: Nhamba dzokuvhota dzamaLegitima dzinowanzova nemibvunzo 10 kusvikira ku 30 uye kutora maminiti anoverengeka. Kuvhota kwokumanikidza kazhinji kazhinji kunongova nemibvunzo 1 kusvikira ku 3.
  • [[FLT: 0] Mutauro wamashoko wakakomba: Kana mibvunzo ikashandisa mashoko akadai se “akashata,”“ akashata,” kana kuti “haisi America,” inodokuva nzvero inomanikidzira.
  • Hapana sumo kana kuti kuzivisa: Anverst achazozivisa femu yokunzvera, mutsigiri (kazhinji kazhinji se “basa rokunzvera reyunivhesiti” kana kuti“ sangano remifungo yavanhu vose”), uye kuti mashoko achashandiswa sei. Kuvhota kwokumanikidza kunowanzoita.
  • Nyaya imwe bedzi kana kuti mutendi: Kana mibvunzo yacho ichinangidzira ngwariro bedzi pamunzveri mumwe kana kuti muitiro uye isingabvunzi pamusoro pedzimwe nhau, sezvingabvira ibvunzo inomanikidzira.
  • Mugariro wemibvunzo unowedzera: Kana mubvunzo uchiita sounoda kutora mhinduro chaiyo (“Unobvuma here kuti tinofanira kumisa kupambadza kupambadzwa kweCandidate A?”), uri kusundirwa.
  • Hapana mibvunzo inotevera: Nhamba dzemitemo dzinobvunza kutevera kuchera zvakadzika (mutoo, “Neiko uchinzwa nenzira iyoyo?”. Kukwidziridza kunyora bedzi hungu kana kuti kwete mhinduro ndokupfuurira.
  • Asingadikanwi uye asingazivikanwi: Kana ukagamuchira runhare runobva kunhamba isingazivikanwi, mushanyi haagoni kupa zita chairo resangano, uye runhare runonzwa sechitsama chikuru chokutengesa, chinogumisa kurukurirano.

Zvaunofanira Kuita Kana Ukafunga Kuti Pane Chisakiso Chinoshatirisa

Kana uchiziva nzvero inomanikidzirwa, une zvisarudzo. Unogona kungomira. Unogona kukumbira mukumbiri kuziva ari kubhadhara foni; kana vakaramba kana kuti kupa mhinduro isina kujeka, ndiwo mureza mutsvuku. Unogonawo kushuma danidzo kumutungamiriri mukuru wehurumende kana kuti Federal Trade Commission kana runhare rwakanyorerwa napasi pose. Vadzidzisi vanogona kushandisa mienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika yokumanikidzira mapepa mukirasi kuti varovedze vadzidzi kuti vaone unyanzvi hwacho. Vavariro yacho haisati iri yokudzivisa kunzvera chose chose chose chose — kuvhotera kwapamutemo kunokosha — asi kupindira nenzira yapamutemo neforo.

Kupedzisa: Basa Rokudzidza Kuverenga Nokunyora Muhurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu

Kunzverwa kwokumanikidza rutivi runopfuurira rwenhimbe dzazvino uno dzezvamatongerwe enyika nemhaka bedzi yokuti dzinoshanda.

Vagari vanogona kuziva nzvero inomanikidzirwa vakagadzirira zviri nani kudzivisa pesvedzero yayo. Vanogona kubvunza manyuko acho, kubvunzurudza nzvimbo, uye kutsvaka mashoko okuzvimirira vasati vaita chisarudzo.Vadzidzisi, vadzidzisi pamusoro pokukandira kubvunziswa vanobatira sechidzidzo chinoshanda mukushandisa nhevedzano, kufunga kwokutsoropodza, uye kupindirana kwezvinobudisa nhau nezvamatongerwe enyika. Chero bedzi nhimbe dzichipfuurira kusunda miganhuro yekurukurirano yetsika, vavhoti vanofanira kudzidza kudzokera shure nokupanikira nokunzwisisa.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve patsika dzenzvero yezvamatongerwe enyika, Pew Research Center yenzvero yetsika dzokunzvera [ inogovera pepikicha yakajeka. pamutemo wetsika [[ chisakiso chinobetserawo chokunzwisisa icho vanzveri vemitemo vanovimbisa kudzivisa. Kupfurikidza nokuramba vakadzidza, vavhotera vanogona kudzivirira kuita kwavo vamene chisarudzo — uye perero yomuitiro wedemokrame mene — kubva muichimiro chapamberi chenhiko chenhindi.