Chishandiso chemitemo chinoshandiswa mumitumbi yemitemo kutambanudza kurukurirano pagweta, kazhinji kazhinji kunonotsa kana kuti kuvhara nzira yaro. Inowanzobatanidzwa neUnited States Serhenari, umo yakashandiswa nokuda kwerinopfuura zana ramakore. Vagadziri vemitemo vanoshandisa filbuster kupesvedzera mitemo uye mirau inodzorwa, kuiita kuti ive chimwe chemativi makurusa echibvumirano chavanhu cheAmerica. Pakati pacho, finbuster inobvumira mutengi mumwe kana kuti boka ravanenisi kunonotsa kupfurikidza nokutaura nguva dzose kana kuti kupfurikidza nokushandisa zvirongwa zvokushandisa zvinodzivirira imba kuti iende mberi. Chirongwa ichi chinopa chishandiso chiduku chinoshandisa chishandiso chine simba kuti chigadzirire purogiramu yemitemo, asi chinomutsawo mibvunzo pamusoro pokushanda zvakanaka, mamiriro ezvinhu, uye kudzora.

Kunzwisisa filbuster kunoda kunzvera mavambo ayo, mashandire ayo, zvirongwa zvinoshandiswa navagadziri vemitemo, uye tapuro yazvo huru pamuitiro wemitemo. Nepo vatsigiri vachiitsigira vachidzivirira maruramiro evoruzhinji ndokukurudzira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, vatsoropodzi vanoaita kuti agone kudzongonyedza uye kudzikamisa. Nyaya ino inonzvera aya mativi zvakadzama, ichigovera murangariro wakadzikama wokuti vaiti vemitemo vanoshandisa sei chiberekeso kunonotsa kana kuti kumisa mutemo, uye nei gakavadzano dzokuvandudza dzichipfuurira kubuda muCongress.

Nhoroondo yeFilibuster

Filibuster haadudzwi zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. Panzvimbo pezvo, rakabuda mumirairo yeDare yemiitiro, iyo yakavapo mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi 19. Shoko rokuti “filibuster” rinotorwa muDutch vrijbuiter [ [i] (mabute), uye pakuvamba rakanongedzera kuvapangi vemabhinya kana kuti mabharani. Mumashoko emitemo, rakasvika pakurondedzera vaiti vomutemo avo vano “vararira kurukurirano yokudzivisa kurukurirano isingaganhurikwi. Tsika yeDare rekurukurirano, kusiyana neHouse yavamiriridheri inodzika nguva, yakagovera gadziriro nokuda kwevaki

Kushandiswa Kwapakuvamba Nenhambo Yapamberi Pebasa

Muzana ramakore rechi19, vanambuya vakanga vasingawanzovaki nemhaka yokuti Dare raiva nemitezo mishomanene uye tsika isina kurongwa zvikuru. Zvisinei, sezvo nyika yakawedzera uye mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika akawedzera, unyanzvi hwacho hwakava hwakazivikanwa zvikuru. Muenzaniso wapakuvamba wakaitika muna 1841 apo Senator John C. Calhoun fibribster akarwisana nepepa rebhangi. Mune nguva yapamberi peji, pakanga pasina nzira yapamutemo yokugumisa nayo gakavadzano ($(varatori vaigona kutaura kwenguva refu sezvavaigona kumira mumuviri. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kuhurukuro dzenharo, kubatanidza Sundary Breyster naShue Beary, uyo akatsinhira Shakespeareall uye akarava mirayiridzo yokunonoka kuvhota.

Kudikanwa kwegadziriro yokugumisa kurukurirano kwakava pachena sezvo vanambuya vakava vanodzongonyedza zvikuru. Muna 1917, Dare rakagamuchira Mutemo 22, iyo yakatanga kubatana: vhoti inovhoterwa namaviri mativi matatu evane chokuita musangano zvino uye kuvhota kuti vapedze kurukurirano. Ikoku gare gare kwakachinjwa kuva magirati matatu (60) eDare rakazara muna 1975. Chinoumba chinoramba chiri chishandiso chikuru chokuputsa chikwata chapambwa nhasi.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwezana Ramakumi Maviri

Chikwata chainzi filbuster chakava chombo chikuru mukati menhambo yekodzero dzavagari vemo. Vanamakurukota vokuMadokero vakaishandisa zvikuru kuvhara kurwisana netsororo, maruramiro okuvhota, uye mutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo. Chibvumirano cha1957 Covil Rights chakanga chiri chokutanga kukurira chikwata chemonicbuster, asi muenzaniso unoshamisa zvikurusa wakanga uri 1964 Civil Rights Act, iyo yakatarisana ne 75666day Relivrebuster pamberi pokukumbira. Nguva ino yakasimbisa mukurumbira wedicinbuster sechishandiso chokudzivirira, kazhinji kazhinji kacho kudzivirira dzinza. Mumhinduro, vatsigiri vekodzero dzavagari vemo dzakasimubatanidzwa nokuda kwechinjo, asi chinodikanwa chikurusariranwa chamajeri chakaramba chiripo.

Mumakumi amakore akatevera, nhubuster yakakura kupfuura hondo dzakananga. Vanamabhii vakavamba kuishandisa nguva dzose zvikuru, kwete bedzi pamitengo yenharo asiwo pakutaura nokufambisa mashoko. Nhamba yokufambisa maronda yakachengetwa yakawedzera zvikuru kubva muma 1970 zvichienda mberi, zvichiratidzira chinjo yebasa kukushandiswa kwenguva dzose kwenhokwe kuumba mutemo.

Mashandiro Anoita Filibuster

Vanamakanika vechikwata chinonzi filbuster vanotangira mumirau inodzora kurukurirano. Kazhinji kazhinji, apo chikwereti chinounzwa kuuriri, mutungamiriri mukuru anotsvaka kubvuma zvakafanana kupfuurira. Kana zvinhu zvipi nezvipi zveseneti, gakava rinogona kupfuurira nokusingaperi kutoti ratokumbirwa. Mukuedza, vanambuya vazvino uno havawanzobatanidza kutaura kwenharo huru. Panzvimbo pezvo, vasatene vanongoratidzira vavariro yavo kuna vanachizvaro, uye vazhinji vanofanira ipapo kuunganidza mavhota 60 okugumisa kurukurirano inoitwa kupfurikidza negundamuko.

Stepōbymbilia Satep

  1. Bill anoshumwa ari mudare uye anoiswa pakarenda yeDare.
  2. Kana zvinhu zvedare zvikanzi zvinotemwa, chikwereti chacho chinomiswa.
  3. Kuti vakurire kuramba kwacho, voruzhinji vanofanira kunyora chikumbiro chokukumbira, chakasainwa navatevedzeri vanenge 16.
  4. Kana vamiririri 60 vakasarudza kutsigira, kukurukurirana kunoganhurirwa kumamwe maawa 30. Kana zvikasadaro, muganhu unoramba uripo.
  5. Kunyange pashure pokunge magwara, vatsigiri vanogona kugadzirisa, asi kupopotedzana kunopera.
  6. Kana kutadza kurapika kukatadza, voruzhinji vangasarudza kurega chikwereti chacho kana kuti kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kuti vachengetedze kuvhota kwechi60.

Chimbambaira Chisingatauri

Nepo vanababa vapakuvamba vaidikanwa kuti vavambe uriri, mubati wemazuva ano kazhinji kazhinji akanyarara. Mutevedzeri anogona kungoisa zvake “chirugu, kureva kuti vanoramba kupfuurira. Mutungamiriri woruzhinji anofanira ipapo kusarudza kana aizoronga kuvhota. Uku kuchinja kwakaita kuti vanambuya vave nyore uye kazhinji kazhinji, sezvo vagadziri vasingadi kutsungirira kuoma kwepfungwa kwehurukuro refu. Zvisinei, kuderedzawo kujeka nemhaka yokuti vanhu havangazivi kuvhara kubuda kwechinhu kunze kwokunge kwasimbiswa pachena.

Zvirongwa Zvakashandiswa Nevaiti Vemitemo

Vagadziri vemitemo vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana - siyana kuti vatsigire mwana, kubatanidza hurukuro dzenguva refu, kunonoka kwemashoko, uye kushandiswa kwemibatanidzwa.

  • Bvumira mabhiri okuitirana nharo
  • Simba Rinochinja Kana Kuti Kubvumira
  • Zvirongwa Zvemitemo Zvinononoka
  • Ita kuti vanhu vazive nyaya dzauchakurukura
  • Dzivirira kuti pane vaminete
  • Gadziriro yemitemo inochinja mukutsinhana nokuda kwokudonhedza filbuster

Kirasi Yacho “Kutaura” FILIbuster

Chirevo chegamuchidzanwa chinobatanidza mutengi wedare ramamongi akamira nokutaura kwamaawa kana kuti kunyange mazuva. Iyi nzira haiwanzowaniki nhasi nemhaka yokushanda kwemonitor akanyarara, asi inogona kuva inoshanda nokuda kwokukweva ngwariro yenhau. Somuenzaniso, muna 2013, Senator Ted Cruz akataura kwemaawa anopfuura 21 pamusoro peAffordcable Care Act, kunyange zvazvo yakanga isiri mutambi wechokwadi wevana nemhaka yokuti hapana vhoti yakanga yamira. Muna 2021, Mutongi Ron Johnson akanonotsa kodzero dzokuvhotera nokurava bhuku zvinonzwika kwemaawa anoverengeka. Izvi zvinoitika zvinobudisa misoro yenhau uye zvinobvumira vatambi kuti vabvume kutsinhirane.

Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu Zvine Simba

Kupfuura kutaura, vatenzi vanogona kushandisa kutora zvinhu kwechisaririra kuti vanonoke. Somuenzaniso, vanogona kuraira danidzo dzedemoram, kuvhota mavhoti pazvinogadziriswa zviduku, kana kuti kuda kuraviwa kwakazara kwemabhiri. Kufamba kumwe nokumwe kunopedza nguva uye kunogona kudzorera vhoti yokupedzisira. Voruzhinji vanofanirawo kuronga kuvhota, uko ivo vamene vanotora nguva youriri. Nemhaka yokuti Dare rine nguva yakaganhurirwa, kunyange kunonotsa kuganhurirwa kushomanenesa kwemabhiri kunogona kudzivisa kupfuura pamberi penguva inoperera kana kuti pamberi pomugumo werusando.

Kuchengeta uye Kuramba Kusingazivikanwi

Mutarisiri anogona kuisa chirevo chokuvanza nokuzivisa mutungamiriri mukuru wevarambi. Kusvikira vabati vabviswa, mutongo haugoni kupfuurira. Mitemo inowanzoshandiswa kubvisa mvumo kubva kuvoruzhinji kana kuti kunonoka kusvikira nhau yakati yakurukurwa. Nepo 2007 Honest Leadership and Open Government Act ichida kuti inochengeta iziviswe pashure pamazuva matanhatu, inoramba ichiri kushanda. Iyi nzira inobvumira vamiriri kuti vasai vedare kuti vasazvidavirira pachena.

Tapuro Pamutemo

Kushandiswa kwenhamba yevana kunowanzoguma nokurongeka kwemitemo, kuchikuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuisa mitemo nokukurumidza. Nepo kuchigovera simba rebato duku, vatsoropodzi vanoramba kuti inogona kudzivisa udzori nokunonotsa chinjo dzinokosha dzetsika. Kuchinja kugadziriro yemonibulister kunowanzokurukurwa muCongress. Simba rinooneka zvikurusa panhau dzakakwirira dzakadai serecurecurence, kubuda munyika, kodzero dzokuvhota, uye muitiro wezvemari.

Tapuro Dzakanaka Nokuda Kwevaduku

Vatsigiri venhamba dzinotsigira vanabuster vanotaura kuti inodzivirira maruramiro ebato duku uye inokurudzira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira. Nemhaka yokuti 60 vhoti dzinodikanwa zvadzo kuti dzipedze mutemo mukurusa, vazhinji vanofanira kukurukura navashoma kuvaka chiverengero chikuru. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kuzvikwereti zvine mwero zvikuru, zvinogamuchirika zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, Tax Reform Act ya1969 Reformation Act zvose zviri zviviri zvakabatanidza bipartisan, rutivi nemhaka yokuti tyisidziro dzediaster dzakamanikidzira voruzhinji kupinda mumugwagwa.

Chiremba anodzivisawo voruzhinji mukupfuura mipimo yakanyanyisa iyo ingachinjwa gare gare apo simba rinochinja. Kupfurikidza nokuda chikumbaridzo chakakwirira, Dare rinovimbisa kuti chinjo huru dzemiitiro dzine tsigiro huru, iyo inogona kubetsera kuteramo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Mumurangariro iwoyu, nhingi inoshanda secherekedzo pamirangariro mikuru, yakafanana nehwirudzuro yapurezidhendiial veto kana kuti dare.

Migumisiro Yakaipa Pakutonga

Zvisinei, vatsoropodzi vanonongedzera kuwedzero inowedzera yevane filbuster soufakazi hwokusashanda zvakanaka kwomutemo mukurusa muma1950 nama1960, nhanho shomanene bedzi dzakaiswa paCongress imwe neimwe. Pakasvika 2020, nhamba iyoyo yakawedzera kusvika ku 300 paCongress. Kushandiswa kwechikwata chePricialbuster kwakashandura Dare kuva dare gurusa remitemo, kuchikuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kupedza zvinetso zvokukurumidzira. Somuenzaniso, kuedza kukwidza mari shomanene, kupfuudza mutemo wemisi yemamiriro okunze, kana kuti mitemo yokuvandudza pfuti yakakundikana kakawanda pasinei zvapo netsigiro yevoruzhinji mudare rinonzvera uye kunyange muDare rimene.

Dare ringaparira kunonoka kukuvadza ruzhinji. Apo Congress inokundikana kupfuudza zvikwereti zvemiitiro, kuvharwa kwehurumende kunomira. Apo isingagoni kusimbisa vamirineri vakuru vebazu, masangano anoshanda pasina utungamiriri. Vanamburuster vanobetserawo kukwidziridza mirayiridzo yevakuru vakuru nezviito zvokutungamirira, sapurezidhendi vanopa chigaro kuti vasvike nharidzano dzemitemo.

Mienzaniso Yenhau

Chimwe chezvisingakanganwiki zvikuru mundangariro dzichangopfuura apa ndi 2013 chitsama chepepa rokuita macheki ezvokutenga pfuti munyika yose. Pasinei zvapo netsigiro yavose, mwero wakaderera pa 60 76vote suo, uye kurukurirano dzakaputsika. Nenzira yakafanana, 2021 yeInternation Act (kodzero dzechipano) uye 20222 Vakadzi vaS Health Develotection Act (kodzero dzechipfuva) zvisingagoni kukunda vanavakichandi, kunyange zvazvo vakapfuudza Imba. Mienzaniso iyi inoratidza kuti vaFilibbester vanogona sei kumisa mutemo wakakurumbira.

Kune rumwe rutivi, filbuster yakashandiswawo kuvhara zvikwereti zvenharo izvo zvisina tsigiro yakapararira, zvakadai sekuedza 2017 kudzosa Affordble Care Act pasina kutsiva. Marebitarian akaita seSenators Susan Collinski naLisa Murkowski tyisidziro yeRebialbuster yokutaura uye pakupedzisira kuuraya tsiki. Nenzira iyi, filibbuster akamanikidzira kusvika kwokungwarira zvikuru.

Kupokanidza Nokutsoropodza

Chiremba anotarisana nokutsoropodza kuri kukura, zvikurukuru kubva kuvafambiridzani naavo vanokuona sechinodzivisa. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kunosekesa nheyo dzedemokrase kupfurikidza nokubvumira vashomanene vavanamakurukota kumisa kuda kwevoruzhinji. Nemhaka yokuti munyakurera anoda 41 bedzi (kubva mu100) kuti atsigire, kunogona kupa simba rondedzero duku kuraira purogiramu yemitemo.

Kukakavadzana Kworusaruraganda

Kushandiswa kwenhau kwechinonzi filbuster kuvhara mutemo wekodzero dzevanhu kwakashatisa mukurumbira waro. Vatsigiri vazhinji vekuchinja vanoonesa kuti nhubuster yakanga iri chinhu chikuru kukuchengetedza kusarura nokunonoka kubatana. Nhasi, vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti inopfuurira kumisa kodzero dzokuvhota uye kururamisira kwedzinza, izvo zvinokanganisa zvisingaenzaniswi nzanga shoma. Chirevo chokuvhota, somuenzaniso, chakakundikana nemhaka yedaidzo yedaidzo yevana kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vevatambi vedare vakaichitsigira. Izvi zvakatungamirira kudana kuti zvibvise kana kuti gadziridzei kodzero dzevaneibuluster kuti vadzivirire hurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa.

Kuzvidzora uye Kusatonga Vasiri Vatongi

Chimwe chitsoropodzo ndechokuti chirevo chinenge chisiri chinhu chinoshanda mumhute. Vacherekedzo vanogona kuvhara zvikwereti pasina kumbomira pasi kana kuti kutsanangura kushora kwavo vanhu. Uku kushaikwa kwokuona kungakanganisa kuzvidavirira. Vatambi vangasaziva kuti inyimi vane mutoro wokuuraya bhiri. Kuwedzerazve, zvinodikanwa 60 76vote zvinogona kupa simba dukusa, iro rinogona kutungamirira kutsika kunyange apo boka guru rebato rinodzora makamuri ose ari maviri nerivadender.

“ Chisarudzo Chenyukireya” Nezvinoitika

Dare rakachinja rachinjazve mitemo yaro kuti ripedze ganhuriro dzezvisviko zvevana vane chiremera chikuru, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nechirongwa cheparamende chinonzi “chisarudzo chenyukireya.” Muna 2013, voruzhinji veDemocratic, vakavhiringidzwa nokudzongonyedzwa kwaPurezidhendi Obama, vakachinja mitemo kuitira kuti voruzhinji vagogumisa gakava pabazu gurusa rehurumende uye dare rokutonga (kuendesa Dare Rapamusorosoro). Muna 2017, Republicans dzakatambanudzira ikoku kuDare gurusa. Ichi chinjo hachina kutapura vaGenesticial Belicbacsster, asi vakagadza muenzaniso wokuti mitemo igona kuchinjwa nevoruzhinji.

Vadziviriri venfilbuster vanotaura kuti kubviswa kwaro kungashandura Dare kuva shanduro duku yeImba, richidzokororwa nokukurumidza. Vanoomerera kuti mauto echichikafu anorangarira ndokudzivisa udzvinyiriri hwevoruzhinji. Zvisinei, kombamiro yokushandisa mwana munhamba kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji yakaita kuti kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kuve kwakaoma zvikuru, kusati kuri nyore, nemhaka yokuti boka rimwe nerimwe rinoziva kuti rimwe rinogona kuvhara mutemo, naizvozvo dzimwe nguva kurukurirano dzinopunzika chose chose.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Azvino uye Kuchinja Zvinhu

Kusvikira muna 2025, chibvumirano chemitemo chinoramba chisina kukuvadzwa, asi dzvinyiriro yokuchinja yakakwirira. Zvikarakadzo zvinoverengeka zvakaiswa mberi, kuvambira pakubvisa chose chose chikwata chemonilbuster kudzorera “chinotaurisa chinenge chanzi“ filibuster” icho chingada vatarisiri kuti vabate uriri.

ZVINOTAURWA 1: BOLIS FILIBUster

Vamwe vaiti vemitemo, zvikurukuru vaDemocrates vanofambira mberi, vakaraira kubvisa chose chose muberekeri. Muiyi nzira, mutemo waizopfuura nevoruzhinji vakapfava (51 vhota). Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti utongi huzhinji ndohwedemodoka zvikuru uye ungabvumira Congress kukurukura nhau dzekurumidziro dzakadai sechinjo yemamiriro okunze, kuchengeteka kwoutano, uye maruramiro okuvhota. Zvisinei, vashori vanonyevera kuti kubvisa chigadzikiso chinokurumidza chichatungamirira kukuchinja apo kudzorwa kwedare rinotonga, kuderedza kuterama.

Chinoumba 2: Chengeta Chiratidzo Chokutaura

Kuchinja kune mwero zvikuru kungada kuti vasarirane vataure zvomenemene pauriri kuvhara mutongo. Ikoku kwaizodzorera muedzo wokutsungirira uko kwakaita kuti vanaripuke kuva vasingawanzowaniki. Chikarakadzo, chakabatanidzwa kazhinji kazhinji naaichimbova Mutungamiriri weSanihe Joe Biden navamwe, chaizoreva kuti kana mutezo wedare wedare risati uchigona kuchengeta kutaura kunopfuurira, gakava raigona kuguma uye vhoti yaigona kuitika. Ichi chinjo ingagona kuderedza kushandiswa apo inochengeta mano evo vashomanene okukweveresa nhau dzinokosha. Zvisinei, vatsoropoteri vanocherekedza kuti ingabvumirazve vatarisiri vakatsunga kunzi venziyo kwamazuva ose, uye zvinobudiswa nezvino uno unogona kushandisa zvinoitika zvakadaro nokuda kwokuva vakakwirira panzvimbo yekurukurirano yezviito.

Chinoumba 3: Kuderedza Mujaho Wokuzvigadzirira

Imwe pfungwa ndeyokuderedza nhamba yezvivhoti zvinodiwa kuti zviwanike kubva pa60 kusvika panhamba yakaderera, zvakadai sa55 kana kuti kunyange voruzhinji nokuda kwemamwe marudzi emitemo (zvikurukuru, kodzero dzokuvhota, kuchinja tsika). Iyi nzira ingachengeta chinodikanwa chikuru chenhau dzinonetsa zvikuru nepo zvichibvumira zvimwe zvikwereti kuti zvipfuurire zviri nyore zvikuru. Zvingagona kuitwa sechinovhariridza, chakafanana nomuitiro webhajeti, icho chinotobvumira kuti zvikwereti zvakati kuti zvipfuure namavhoti 51. Vamwe vachinjiki vanoramba kuti chitsauko chinopfuudzira chinotsamira pauko kana kuti chikwereti chacho chakakomba.

Chikarakadzo 4: Shandisa Chisarudzo Chenyukireya Nokuda Kwomutemo

Chisarudzo chenyukireya . Chinoronga mitemo yeDare kupfurikidza noruzhinji rwakapfava(-) chingagona kushandiswa kubvisa kana kuti kugadziridza chigaro. Ikoku kwakaitwa nokuda kwokusatenderwa asi kusingatongovi mutemo. Chipingamupinyi chemitemo ndechekuti dare rinotonga zvinoda mavhota maviri ane mativi matatu kuti achinje mitemo, asi rimwe boka ringagona kuputsa muenzaniso iwoyo nevoruzhinjiwo zvavo, sezvakaitika nechakaitika. Zvisinei, vamwe vamiririri vanodzivisa chiito ichi, vachitya kuti chichaparadza mutezo wakasiana weDare. Ndyiko yezvamatongerwe enyika yokushandisa chisarudzo chenyukireya yakakwirira, uye zvimwe boka ringazengurira kupa mumwe munhu chishandiro chokuita chimwe chetecho apo vanowana simba.

mhedziso

Chikwata chinonzi filbuster chinoramba chiri chinhu chakakwikwidzwa zvikuru chehurumende yeAmerica. Vaiti vemitemo vanochishandisa kunonotsa kana kuti kumisa mutemo nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana - siyana: kuvhara zvikwereti zvavanoshora, kumanikidza kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, kukwevera ngwariro kunhau, kana kuti kungovhiringidza zvakarongwa nevoruzhinji. Simba racho rakakura, kazhinji kazhinji rinoguma nokuchinja kwapanhambo nenhambo asi kumanikidzawo kugadzira zvinhu. Dare zvarinowedzera kukura, kuwanda nokukura kwehondo dzechiberekero chakawedzera, zvichiita kuti pave nenharo huru pamusoro pechinjo.

Kana filibuster ichiripo muchimiro chayo chazvino, inogadziridzwa, kana kuti ichabviswa kuchatsamira padzikamo yesimba nedzvinyiriro yavose. Kunzwisisa kuti inoshanda sei nemigumisiro yayo kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi weAmerica anotevera zvamatongerwe enyika. Nokuda kwokuravazve, bvunza Sate jirati yejira rehurumende pa [[FLT:], [[FLT:]] BREN] , Concentionalment Archer ression respociality [FFF: FM] mishumo yeBacter [[FLT:], uye kudzosa mashoko enhau, uye kugadziridza.