Kunaka Kwenzanga Nekwezvamatongerwe Enyika Pakutangwa Kweboka

Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) yakatanga mukutanga kwama1900 kubva kusangano reUnionism raive ragadzirira kurwisana noMutemo weIrish Home. Irish Unionism Alliance, yakaumbwa muma1880, yakagovera chikuva chokutanga nokuda kweavo vaida kuchengeta mubatanidzwa wemitemo pakati peGreat Britain neIreland. Zvisinei, njodzi pamusoro peThird Home Rule Bill (1912-1914) yakaumba Ulster-centricism. Yakatungamirirwa naEdward Carson naJames Craig, Ulty Union yakaronga simba reProgist (Guerce Couragence) nehurumende inoronga, ichiratidzira kuda kwavo kurwisa kutonga kweDublin nesimba kana kuri madikanwa.

Apo Government of Ireland Act 1920 yakakamura chitsuwa chacho ndokuita Northern Ireland sechinhu chinozvitungamirira muUK, UUP yakava sangano rehurumende. Nokuda kwehafu inotevera yezana, yakava nesimba rinopfuurira .A decorieter imwe muruwa rutanhatu rwokumusoro-mmammammamma. Munguva ino, mitemo yebato yakarondedzerwa nezvinokosha zvitatu: kuchengetedza batano yemitemo neBritain, kudzivirira voruzhinji veI Union kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kwechinjo uye, apo yaidikanwa, gerrymanndering, uye kudzivisa kubvumirwa kupi nokupi nokupi nokupi nokureveraniswa kweIrish. Boka rakadzorwawo nesimba gurusa remapurisa (Royal Ulstertabstalling) uye bhishoo Ustery Usteral Special Usteran U.

Munzanga, UUP yapakuvamba yakasimudzira mubatanidzwa wapedyo neOrange Order, sangano reboka rePurotesitendi raiwanzonzwika nemisangano yegore negore yebato racho yeOrange hower mediari, uye vatungamiriri vazhinji vebato vakanga vari vakurusa vaOrangemen. Uku kubatanidzwa kwezivikanwo yezvamatongerwe enyika neyorudzidziso kwakareva kuti UP yakanga iri, kwamakumi amakore, isingaparadzaniswi nedziviriro yePurotesitendi. Nzanga dzeKaturike nedzenyika dzakabviswa musimba uye, muzvinoitika zvakawanda, kubva mukuwana nzvimbo yakakwana yokugara, basa, uye mabasa. Iyi fandesheni yesekete yaizonyandura pakupedzisira kubatanidzwa kwekodzero dzavagari vemo dzechechi nama1960.

Matambudziko Ari Pakati Pemapurazi uye Kutsvaka Kugadzikana

Pakasvika 1950, kudzora simba kwaUP kwakaratidzika kuva kusingarambiki, asi kusawirirana kwenzanga kwakanga kuchikura. Utungamiriri hwebato racho pasi peBasil Brooke (Ishe Brookeugh) hwakachengeta muitiro wokubatana kusingachinjiki, kudzingwa kwezvigumbu zvenyika. Zvisinei, kukura kwezvemari kwapashure pehondo kwakavamba kuparadza maindasitiri egamuchidzanwa sekuvaka ngarava nerino mucheka, kumanikidza kuti varangane mune zvemari. Kusikwa kweNorthern Ireland Development Council muna 1955 uye nhamburiko dzokukwezva kuvengiswa kwemite yezveringi yokumwe nyika neUnited States zvikurukuru shandutsira kuenderero yezve yemari yazvino uno. Bva miitiro yenzanga yakaramba yakacherekedzwa zvikuru, nemiteko yorumano yorumano rwakakomba nedzidziso dzechechi yeKaturike panhauro dzenzanga dzakafanana nedzevo dzorudzidziso dzakatokuratidzira kubatanidzwa munzanga dzakato.

Ma 1960 akaunza kushandurwa kwokutanga kweTrefere O’Neill (1963-1969). O’Neill akaziva kuti kupukunyuka kwenguva refu kweUP kwaida kusvudzirira kunzanga yeUP kuruwa rwenyika neyazvino uno yeNorthern Ireland. Iye akatanga kuronga kwezvemari, kwakavandudzwa kubatira pamwe neRepublic of Ireland, uye nenzira yokufananidzira kwakasangana neTaoisthe Seán Lemass muna 1965(a whitems chiratidzo chenyika chemutungamiriri weUnist Union. O’Neill akaedzawo kuchinja hurumende yomunzvimbomo nenzvimbo kuti ataure zvichemo kuti nyika yose ivedze mamiriro ezvinhu ayo Northern Covial Rights Association yakanga yatanga kunzwika. Zvisinei, kukamu kechimbimbiso yeIs Union, kubatanidzawo chikwata cheDidemocratic Union (DUnictic Union), chinopandukira chibvumirano cheOnnoult, ON's yakawana kupfupikisa kupfupikisa.

Mukati mamakore apakuvamba eNhamo, UUP yakabatwa pakati pehurumende yeBritain yakatsunga kuisa chengeteko nokuchinja kwezvamatongerwe enyika nechiva cheUnionism icho chaida mhinduro yakasimba kuIrish Republican Army (IRA). Kuiswa kweTreader Tractive Rulage kunobva kuLondon muna 1972 kwakanga kuri kunyadziswa kukuru nokuda kwebato, kuri kuibvisa pahurumende yakabviswa yadzoserwa. Gadziriro yeUP yakanga yaparadzwa neyakanga yaparadzwa neyakawanda yeUP yakanga ichipesana: yakashurikidza “kushandisa bhishopu” apowo yaitora rutivi mukuedza kwamasimba, kubatanidza bvumirano chezuva pfupi rezuva rinopfupi muna 1973. Sunningdale, iyo yakaumba chibvumirano chenyika inodzongodzosera pamutemo yeIreland, zvakaparadzwa nomutungamiriri mukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru weIrland, zvakaparadzwa norutivi rwa1940, nemhaka yekusagona kutakura rutivi rwayo mufambiso.

Kufamba Kwenguva Refu Kumubvumirano Wakanaka weChishanu

Ma 1980 namavambo a1990 yakanga iri nhambo yokufungazve kwezvomubatanidzwa weUP. Pasi poutungamiriri hwaJames Molyneaux (1979-19995), mubato wakagamuchira muitiro we “kuzvidira” ("") Hurumende yeNorthern Ireland inofanira kuva yakabatanidzwa zvizere muUK, pasina hurumende yakadzorwa. Iyi mirangariro yakaratidzira kuodzwa mwoyo nedekistion nechishuvo chokudzivisa batano ipi neipi neRepublic. Zvisinei, Anglo-Irish Revegion yeChibvumirano cheHurumende yeChibvumirano cheHurumende cha 1985, icho chakapa Dublin basa rokubvunza muNorvert Ireland, kushatiswa kweUPUP kurangarirazve. Bokachanga rakarongwa nokuramba uye mukomana weparamendiro asi rakawana zvishoma. Chibvumirano chacho chakaratidza kuti hurumende yeBritain yakanga ichi ichirwisana nechirongwa nechirongwa nechirongwa nechirongwa nechirongwa mubatanidzwa chezvamatongerwe enyika zvezvamatongerwe enyika muUnited States.

Sarudzo yaDavid Trimble somutungamiriri webato muna 1995 yakaratidzira chinjo huru kurumano rwekubatira mberi kwematunhu. Trimble, aichimbova purofesa wemitemo, akaziva kuti miitiro yevagari vemo nenzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika zvakaita kuti udzori hweUnionism hurambe huripo pasina kudzoreka. Akanzwisisawo kuti muitiro worugare, wakatanga naJohn Hume weSDLP uye wakatsigirwa nehurumende dzeBritain neIreland, wakagovera mukana wakanakisisa wenzvimbo inotsigariranwa neUPUNIO (* iyo yakachengetedza Union neyatisss aishandirane nyika dzose. Trible utungamiriri hwebato hwakanga huri mhasha mukati me. Iye akapfuudzira kupfurikidza ne “Nhangero kunhimbe yeChishanu Chashanu (GFA) muna 1998, pasineiwirira mberi kwechipo chibvumirano chikuru. GFA yakaunza simba reUP.

Kutsigira kwebato racho nokuda kweGFA kwakabviswa. Kwenguva yokutanga, UUP yakagamuchira nenzira yapamutemo nheyo yemvumo yebvumirano . kuti mugariro weNorthern Ireland waigona kuchinja bedzi kupfurikidza nevhoti yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende nevoruzhinji. Izvozvi zvakamirira kubva kukuru kwenhau pamusoro pesimba reIUnityism. Trimble akava Mutungamiriri wokutanga mumukuru mukuru wesimba idzva, basa raakabatira panguva imwe chete sezvo masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika akabviswa panjodzi yokupinda mukusashanda zvakanaka kweIRA, poligist, uye kufamba kweboka rehurumende.

Kushata Kukuru uye Kuderera KwemaUP

Nhambo yapashure peGFA yakanga iri, nenzira inopesana, imwe yokuderera kwevhoti yeUUP. Vatsigiri vayo vakasimba zvikurusa veDemocratic Union Party (Dupu) pasi peIan Paisley. Muchisarudzo cheGungano cha 2003, DUP yakabata UP kwenguva yokutanga, uye pakasvika 2007, Dupuce yakanga yava mubatanidzwa mukuru webato. UP’s reDity, nepo zvaidikanwa nokuda kwegadziriro yorugare, zvaiidyira tsigiro yemubatanidzwa uyo akanzwa kuti paboka racho rakanga rabvuma zvakanyanyisa. Mufungo wokuti UPUP “yakarasira rugare” yakaramba iri mutsika dzamasangano. Trim yabvisa utungamiriri muna 2005 pashure pekuvhotera kwaWest Westminstern.

Muvatsivi vakadai saReg Empey, Tom Elliott, Mike Nesbitt, uye Robin Swann, UUP yakaparapatika kuzvitsaura imene neDupu ichiri kuchengeta chimiro chayo chePP. Boka racho rakagamuchira muitiro we “kusimbisa kuvimbisana kworugare”, richitsigira masangano apo aishandira asi achishora zvarakaona semigumisiro yeRepublic. Panhau dzenzanga, UUP zvishoma nezvishoma yakawirirana zvikuru neUK Coonatismus, ichitsigira kubatana kwevagari vemo pakutanga asi gare gare gare pamuchato mumwe chetewo wezve semurangariro wavose. Muna 2020, boka racho rakagumisa nenzira yapamutemo kushora kwaro. Pamubatanidzwa waro mukuru, rinoratidzira kufamba kukuva mubatanidzwa wakasununguka zvikuru, wetsika.

Brexit inteerendamu ye2016 yakamutsa denho itsva iripo. UP, kufanana neDupu, yakaedza kuramba iri muEurope Union, asi vhoti yeUK- yose kuti imutsezve mubvunzo womuganhu. Boka racho rakashora Northern Ireland Protocol, iyo yakaita muganhu nemuganhu muIrish Sea, ichisimbisa kuti yakasekesa Union. Zvisinei, UP yakawana kusvika kushoma kurwisana kupfuura DUP, ichikurudzira hurumende yeBritain kukurukura panzvimbo pokuputsa masangano esimba panzvimbo pokuputsa. Boka rama Press-Brit yakasimbisa chinodikanwa ku “Brexit's reS.

Muitiro Wezvemari Nenzanga Muzana Remakore Ra21

Mumakumi maviri amakore apfuura, UUP yakagadzira chirongwa chemiitiro icho chinoedza kubatanidza mubatanidzwa wehurumende nepurogiramu yemagariro akadzikama, yenzvimbo yenzanga nezvemari. Pazveupfumi, mubato unotsigira mitero yakaderera yebhizimisi, zvivako zvakavandudzwa, uye kuiswa mari muunyanzvi. Yakatsigira kuti pave nemhiri kwamakwikwikwi yezvemari yeNorthern Ireland inogona kukwezva kuisa mari yakananga kune imwe nyika, zvikurukuru kubva kuUS neAsia. Varindi vakatsigirawo “Union party .”[1] Kutsigira kuti Northern Ireland inobetserwa nokubatana kukuru kweUK.[1] Asi yakanzwisisa zvikuru kudikanwa kwenharaunda yokuvandudza kugadzirwa kwemari nenzvimbo yacho.

Utano nedzidzo ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha mudzimba. UUP yakatsigira nguva dzose nheyo yebasa rezvoutano renyika yose, rakasununguka papfundo rokushandisa, asi yakatsigira nokuda kwokubudirira kukuru, yakaderedza mitsetse yokumirira, uye batano iri nani pakati poutano netarisiro yenzanga. Mudzidzo, boka rinodzivirira kodzero yevabereki yokusarudza dzidzo yokusarudza ( “11 petasizimuzimu” yegadziriro yezvikoro zvegirama), muitiro unoiparadzanisa neSin Féin neSDLP, uyo anoda dzidzo yakakwana. Boka racho rinotsigirawo zvirongwa zvedzidzo zvinobatanidza uye zvinogoverana izvo zvinounza vaPurotesitendi navana veKaturike pamwe chete, zvichiratidzira kuyananiswa kwaro pasina kubvisa gadziriro yechikoro chiripo.

Panhau dzenzanga, UUP yakabudirira zvishoma nezvishoma. Yakatsigira kubvumirwa kwomutemo wokubvisa pamuviri muna 2019-2020, kunyange zvazvo ichipesana nechomukati, uye zvino zvinotsigira nenzira yapamutemo gadziriro yazvino uno yemitemo inobvumira kubvisa pamuviri muzvinoitika zvengozi dzinouraya uye ngozi yakakomba kuutano hwaamai. Chimiro chebato pazivikanwo yomunhu oga nemitemo yokuenzana chachinjawo; zvino chinotsigira dziviriro dzapamutemo parusaruro rwakavakirwa pachimiro chevatano nechiratidzo chayo chevatano, kunyange zvazvo chine nharo pamusoro pe “zvikoro zvemari” nokuda kwavadzidzi vane vatano nezvinodzivirira zvinorangarirwa nemitezo yevatano izvo mitezo yakakomba zvikuru inorangarirwa kuva inokosha. Iyi mhindumupinduko inoratidzirawo kuedza kwebato kukwidza, kubatanidza vakadzi vaduku, nezvinochengeta kubatana kwayo kukuru.

Utano hweUnion neChiono cheBumbiro reMitemo cheUP

Ibasa guru raUUP rinoramba riri dziviriro yeUnic, asi mubato zvino unorondedzera ikoku mumashoko akanaka zvikuru uye anobatanidza kupfuura kare. Panzvimbo pokungoshora chinzwano cheIreland, UUP inosimudzira chiono chomubatanidzwa icho chiri pamusoro pokugoverana chizivikanwo, mukana wemari, uye kuva mugari wemo weBritain. Vanotaura kuti Union iri pamusoro pechinotonga chinopfuura chisungo chetsika, magamuchidzanwa emitemo, uye kukwanisa kupinda munzvimbo yavose. “Chibatanidzwa ichi” chinotsvaka kufadza avo vangava vasati vari vaPurotesitendi kana kuti vagari veRoma kupfurikidza nokuberekwa asi vanokoshesa ukama hweBritain nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoshanda kana kuti zvemirangariro.

Mubato wacho waifanirawo kupindura kuchinja kuri kuitika muNorthern Ireland. Kuverengwa kwavanhu kwechiverengero chavagari vemo 2021 kwakaratidza kuti chiverengero chavagari vemo cheKaturike zvino chinotanhamarisa zvishoma kupfuura chiverengero chavagari vemo vePurotesitendi, kuchinja kwenhau. Mhinduro yeUUP yave iri yokutaura kuti Union haifaniri kuva basa rorudzidziso asi kuti nderezvamatongerwe enyika: vanhu vemigariro yekare ipi neipi vanogona kutsigira Union senhau yechisarudzo nefariro. Vapoti yacho vakabatanidza nechiKaturike nechisimba, vachigadza muKaturike kuti amire Westminstern mujatoote 2024 uye kusimbisa zvibvumikiso zvayo zvisiri zvesekete. Nepo iyi nzira yakaganhurirwa kuva nebudiriro inoganhurirwa, inomirira kubviswa kukuru kweboka raOreoreyi.

Madenderedzwa makuru Mumutemo weUP: Chipfupiso

  • pakuvamba kuma 1900 (Kubatanidza): dziviriro inorwa yomubatanidzwa; chishoro kuKutonga kwapamusha; kuvimba naOrange Order namauto akavimbika; kuchengetwa kwesimba rezvamatongerwe enyika neremari.
  • [1920]-1960s (Nyika imwe yeChikamu): kudzora kwechisarudzo kupfurikidza nokudzora; rusaruro mudzimba nokushanda; kugadziridzwa neOrange Order; kudzvinyirirwa kwechiuto chinopesana; nhamburiko dzomukati dzezvirongwa zvemari pasi peO’Neill.
  • [1968-1988 (Nhamo Negadziriro yoRugare): mukati munokamuka pamusoro pokuchinja; kutora rutivi muSunningdale; rutivi rwokubatanidza; pakupedzisira kugamuchirwa kweChibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu; kugamuchira simba rinovanzarika nenheyo yokubvuma.
  • (1998-2020 (Nguva yeZivisa): tsigiro yamasangano anobviswa pasinei zvapo nenjodzi; kuderera kweDUP; rusununguko rwenzanga; mhindu kuhumwe hwehurumende; chishoro kuProtototo yoUnionstical asi vimbisano.
  • 2020-10 parati iri (Briexit ne Demographic Chinjo): nokuda kwokuchinja kweProtocol; simbiso pahumwe husingabatanidzwi, husiri sekete; tsigiro yokurambira mumusika mumwe weUK uchikurukurwa; kugadziridzwa kwenhau dzenzanga nedzemitezo.

Mugumo: Uzivi Hunotsungirira asi Hunoshandurwa

Ulster Unionsist Party yashandisa zana ramakore rechinjo huru, kubva mukuvadziko yokukamukana, kupfurikidza namakumi amakore okutonga kwesekete. masimba eNhamo, kubvumirana kworugare, uye kusagadzikana kweBrexit. Mitemo yazvo yakabva pakudzivirira, kuva mubatanidzwa wakanangana, kusingaganhuri, uye kusvika kukuvadziko, kunyange kana kuti kukuvadziko, kunyange kana boka racho rarasikirwa nezvaro zvaichimbova zviito zvaro. UP nhasi iboka richiri mubato rinodzivirira mumutauro wemubatanidzwa wehurumende asi rinodzivirira mumipimo yehurumende, repfuma, uye kuyanana. Rinotsigira masangano eChirungu, kunyange sezvo richiramba richipa zvikanganiso zvaro, uye rinotsvaka kubatanidzwa nokuvimba kwarokwazvo neIri kupfurikidza norutyo norutyo nokutyiwakwairland. Kana zvichingova zvinongova zvinokakwanisa upfumi hwechimuteveri mberi kwechimupi wenhau yenhau yeChirungu. Chimumuchipiri chinobvumikisa kuva chakakura zvikuru, kunyange kupfupikisana chamasimba chechimumumumumupfupiti chinopfuudzo inopfurira kudarika

Musipo, kana mubatanidzwa wacho uchida kuwana mashoko anogombedzera kuvakuru vakuru, vavhoti venyika munharaunda umo kuzivikanwa kwechinoitika. Inofanira kufamba noumhizha hwenzvimbo yepashure peBrexit, bviro yokuvhota, uye denho dzinopfuurira dzemasekete. Kana UP inogona kupfuurira kunyungurira . "kuna mavambo okuchinja - kana kuti kudzika miganhu yapanguva yakapfuura apo inovamba kunamate yayo yetsika inotongedzeka.] Kubva pakurangarira chinetso cheIrland seboka remibatanidzwa renyika inowirirana, ine nzvimbo ine nzvimbo muNorthern Ireland ine nzvimbo inonangeri yeIrland yeIter 21 yema1 yematongerwe anenge zana rimwe chete. [FFFFUT] inoisai purofiti iri mumugariro mukuru wehurumende nyika dzose dzepasi pevhuro yehurumende.[FF]