Pesvedzero Yemitemo Yemitemo Yechechi Yechechi Yakaumbwa Nechechi

Kunzwa kweCongress kwave kuchibatira kwenguva refu senzira inokosha mukushanduka shanduka kweUnited States ine simba nokuvandudza. Iyi miitiro inopa purogiramu yakarongeka umo vagadziri vemitemo, vakuru vakuru vemasangano, vatungamiriri veindasitiri, nyanzvi dzedzidzo, uye vatsigiri veruzhinji vanonzvera simba nezvikanganiso zvemitemo yazvino uno. Kupfurikidza nouchapupu, kurukurirano, uye chinyorwa chavose, kunzwa kunoparira ufakazi nesimba rezvamatongerwe enyika rinodikanwa kushandura muitiro wakaoma kunzwisisa mukuita kwomutemo. Mumakumi amakore apfuura, kunzwa kwakaumba zvakananga chinjo dzetsika dzetsika, kuvambira muna 1952 Pathy-Smith America Act kusvikira kuLeant Act yeReany, uye nhamburiko dzinopfuurira dzehurumende, kushatisa, uye dzikamo pakati pekodzero dzehurumende.

Tsika Yebumbiro reMitemo Nesangano

Simba reCongress rokuita mitemo yapamutemo inoyerera kubva kuChikamu I, Chikamu 8 cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. chinopiwa simba nemutezo wedare "kusimudzira Nhungamiro yeSayenzi neMitoo yakaisvonaka, kupfurikidza nokuchengetera nguva dzakaganhurirwa kuMadziri uye kuisa maruramiro adzo kuManyoro avo akasiana. Kunzwa kweCongregational iri mitoo yokutanga iyo mutengiyo uyo mutengi wedare rinounganidza nayo zivo chaiyo inodikanwa kushandisa simba iri nokuchenjera. Muitiro wokunzwa unodzorwa nemitemo yekamuri rimwe nerimwe uye zvikurukuru unobatanidza dare repepa kana kuti chiremera chenzvimbo yedzidzo. Mudare redare rePudiary’stion’s Implected Publications inobata nayo; Muimba yeimba, Judiate Coute Count paH.

Kutonga kunogona kuva chibvumirano chemitemo (kurangarira mutengo chaiwo), kutarisira (kuhwirudzura kuitwa kwemitemo iripo), kunzvera (kunzvera zvikanganiso zvakati), kana kuti kusimbisa (pasangano rinopa mirayiridzo), mugadziriro yokusarudza, temberi dzave dzine pesvedzero zvikuru. Vanobvumira matare kudana Mutungamiriri weU.S. Patennt ne Trademark Office (USPTO), vatongi vehurumende, nyanzvi dzemari, vamiririri vekambani, uye vatengi kuti vagove mashoko ose ari maviri enhau noruzivo rwokuzviwanira runoshanda. Chinyorwa chavose chakasikwa naaya chinova chiteshi chematare, masangano, uye nyanzvi nguva refu pashure pokunge zvapiwa.

Zviratidzo Zvenhau Zvakaumbwa Nenzeve

Murayiro waPaten Anawo uye Kubatanidzwa Kwetsika Dzazvino Uno

Chimwe chezvinodikanwa zvokutanga zvikurusa uye zvakaparirwa zvikurusa zvakaitika mukupera kwama1940 namavambo a1950 sezvo Congress yakarangarira kunyanyovakwa kwebumbiro remitemo. Patent Act yakavapo 1952 yakatanga gadziriro yazvino uno yokuva apamutemo, kubatanidza kusava noushingi kwapashure kwenhau (35.S.C. 76 103). Kunzwa pamberi peDare reHouse Jaudiary Committee kwakaratidzira uchapupu hunobva kuvhongi, mapoka ebhizimisi, uye vadzidzi vairamba kuti mutemo wenhau yapfuura wakanga wava unopesana. Mitemo yakabudisa nhau yemitemo ine udzame iyo matare ehurumende achiri kududza apo matare anoshandura pamutemo nokuda kwokuva apamutemo, zvikurukuru "Graham" mativi okunzvera zviri pachena. Pasi pekurangarira matare, matare pakanga pasina nhungamiro yakajeka paranganobvumirano paChiteko cha19522.

Ma 1980: Kuberekwa kweDare Razvino Uno Repant uye Biotech Era

Rimwe nhambo inokosha yokunzwa yakaitika mukuvamba kwama 1980 apo Congress yakakakavadzana kuumbwa kweDare reZvikumbiro reFederal Circles. Federal Centre, yakatangwa neFederal Courts Reconfizence Act ya1982, yakabatanidza zvikumbiro zvose zvapamutemo kupinda mudare rimwe kuti zvibatanidze mutemo wapamutemo. Kunzwa pamberi peHouse Judicary Compuderary Courtteettee paCourts, Civil Liberties, uye Administration of Justices yakabatanidza ufakazi kubva kuvatongi navagadziri vemitemo vaidzo vakasimbisa zvisarudzo zvemite pakati pematunhunhu. Chisiko cheFedera chakatungamirira chakananga kuchengetedzwa chapamutemo chakasimba chakasimba zvikuru uye chakagovera kukukura nhau inogamuchirwa kwezvose zviri pachena mudzo dzose dziri dzose mbiri dzegadziriro yemiteopu yapamutemo yemiteshi yemiteshina. Muwiriso wenhau yenhau yenhau dzakaremu dzama yema yema yemato yenhau dzakareyi yenhau dzakareyi dzinobvumira kubvumira ku

Chiratidzo cheAmerica cha 2011: Chinjo Huru Zvikurusa Muchizvarwa

Hapana mutemo wakarongwa wakanyatsoumbwa nokunzwa kupfuura Leyaý Smith America Invents Act (AAA), yakasainwa mumutemo muna 2011. Pakati pa 2005 na 2010, Dare rakava nokusashandiswa zvakanaka kwenhau dzinobva pahuvara hwekodzero uye kupfuudzira kudikanwo yegadziriro yokutanga yeINCONDO. Kunzwa kwakazivisa miganhu mikuru yemichina yezvokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Vamiririri vemitengo mikuru yezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu vakadai seGooglo, Microsoft, uye Intel(iotel.) yakasimbiswa kuti gadziriro yeU. yakanga ichipfuudzwa nezvirongwa zvakaderera nemhesvo zvakaderera kubva kuzvinhu zvinonzi mabhurori. Panguva ino, masangano ezvemictictictictictictic aithrong aiat quences aithromageod produces oult.

Kunzwa kwakabatanidza pakupedzisira kubvumiraniswa kuzhinji kwakabatanidza gadziriro huru: kutama kubva pasutu yekutanga uye kukurudzira maruramiro esumo pamberi pevhu kugadziriro yokutanga; kusikwa kwegadziriro dzehwirudzuro dzepashure panzvimbo imwe cheteyo dzakadai sepakati penhindi (IPR) uye kupfuudzira nzira dzebhizimisi (CBM); uye chinjo dzokudzivisa sututi dzenhema uye kukurudzira maruramiro apakuvamba. Dare paJudiaster renhaury rinoshandura mutoo wakajekanwa wa 2011, richiziviswa nouchapupu uye kuzviisa pasi pakanyorwa, richiri kududzwa muvuriro inotenderwa nhasi, zvikurukuru pamusoro pemiitiro yemiitiro yebhizimisi yakafukidzwa. . Dare reAA rinomira semuenzaniso wakajeka semupikidzwa wekunzwa kwedare remitemo. Nokuda kwokuchinja kwechibvumirano chemitemo chenyika. [Foctal AF]

Misoro Inokosha Mukutonga kweCongregary Paint

Kunyange zvazvo nyaya dzinokurukurwa mumabhuku anonyatsozivikanwa kuti anokwanisa kunzwa dzakatanga neunyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu uye hwezvokutengeserana, misoro yakawanda inodzokororwa inowanzotaurwa.

  • .Paent Asterect Emperition Endties (PAES) uye Litigation Abuse: Kunzwa kubvira muna 2012 kwanangidzira ngwariro pamienzaniso yemabhizimisi ayo anowana kuva ane kodzero dzokukwikwidza kana kuti kutyisidzira sututi. Zvapupu zvakapa mashoko anoratidza kuti matare akashata akawedzera kubva panenge 500 mu 2006 kusvikira ku 4 000 muna 2015. Rwiyo rwezvichemo rwakatungamirira kuChiteko chinokarakadzwa cha2013, 2015, 2017, uye mipimo yokuteterera yakapfuudzira yakapfuudzira zvikuru muKutonga kwechipurisa kwechipukanana kwechipukanana 84(b).
  • Paent Seaty and Examition : musoro usingagumi ndiwo uwandu hwezvibvumikiso zvakabudiswa. Vanzwi vakanzvera basa rokunzvera rine pamutemo, kunyorwa kwemanyuko eunyanzvi apamberi, uye kurovedzwa kweminzvero. Muna 2019, Mutungamiriri weUSPTO akapupurira pamberi peimba yeJeudicary Pricetee pakudikanwa kwokutsvaka vaongorori vakawanda neSTM. Kunzwa kwakagovera kuSP’s Religint Patent Sety Implution, izvo zvinobatanidza kuputsa mavarariro avose. Munogona kunzvera kuvandurira pa [FF:]
  • Software and Business Etting Paents: Kumuka kwekodzero dzesoftware kwakaparira gakava, kuchiguma muzvisarudzo zveDare Gurusa mu Alice v. CLS Bank[ [20] (2014] na [[FLT]]]] Mayo v. Promeus] (2012). Mirangariro mumavambo 2010 yakabudisa kurukurirano pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvendangariro zvakadzikamatoko pakombiyuta inofanira kuva yapamutemo. Kunyange zvazvo Dare risati raita rondedzero yenhau inogamuchirwa, kunzwa chinyorwa chinoziviswa chiPitcimbirwa.
  • .Parmacutic Pricing naHatchäWaxman Reforms:[ Kupinda kwemirimo kworudzi, kuva nevhu rinovaka, uye biologyologyologyologyology kwave kuri misoro inodzokororwa. Hatchpaxman Act ya 1984 imene yakabuda munhevedzano yenzwi yakadzika nhevedzano yezvinonyandura nyanduro zvevagadziri vemadhairwe nezita rechname nefariro yavose mumitengo yakaderera. Kunzwa kwemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi kwePrijini yemirimo kwakanzvera mutambi pakati peiexclusion, PDAGUPN idzoractusclation, uye kupesana nomutemo.
  • International Personation: Sezvo makambani eU.S. anoshanda mumisika yenyika yose, kunzwa kwakanzvera misiano pakati pomutemo wekodzero yeAmerica neEuropean Paten Convention, Paten Cooperation Trade TRIPS Regionation, uye mipimo yakagadzwa neWorld TRADE Organization. Ufakazi hunobva kuUSPTO ne U.S. Tradex Admistration hwakatungamirira kukuita mipimo iyo yakadzo yakadzorwa mubvumirano dzebhizimisi renyika yeU.
  • Nomutoo waEdict Pantens na FRAND Trusts: Mumakore gumi apfuura, kunzwa kwakakurukura kusagadzikana pakati pemipimo kwenuro yekodzero (SEPSS) nemutsa, une mufungo, uye asingarangariri, uye asingarevi 76discrimination. Vaiti vemitemo vakabvunza kana vaSePiat vanogona kutsvaka mirairo inorwisana navashandisi vanoda kubhadhara umambo. Kunzwa hakuna kuita mutemo wakananga asi kwakapesvedzera Dhipatimendi remitemo yeAntix Revolustration ye Divice Crective Commis.

Kushandurwa Kunoitwa Kunzwa Kunoitwa Mitemo Yemitemo

Kuchinja Kwemabhiri uye Kugadziridzwa Kwemashoko

Hearings typically occur in the earliest stages of the legislative process. After a bill is introduced, the committee chair holds one or more hearings to gather feedback. Witness lists are carefully balanced to include stakeholders from industry, academia, consumer groups, and government. The written testimony and question‑and‑answer session become part ofDare rinoshuma kuti mushumo unoperekedza mutero wacho apo unotumirwa mukamuri rakazara. Uyu mushumo unotsoropodza nemhaka yokuti matare pane dzimwe nguva anotsamira pauri pakududzira mutauro wemitemo usinganzwisisiki. Somuenzaniso, mushumo wedare wakataura zvakajeka chinangwa ku "kutora kudare rokutanga rejinindoràtoquist" uye kugovera kuhwirudzuro ye "postrēgrant iyo inoshanda nokukurumidza, inoshanda, uye inodhura zvishoma" kudare reruwa.

Kutarisira Nzeve Senzvero PaAgency Action

Kunyange apo kunenge kusina muganhu mutsva unoringana, kutonga kunobvumira Congress kumanikidza masangano kururamisa miitiro yavo uye kusimbisa zvinetso zvingada mutemo gare gare. Somuenzaniso, muna 2020 ne2021, House Judiary Coutee yakava nenzwi rokutarisira pasuo reUSPTO rokubata kwomutungamiriri muPTAview comments. Chipupuriro chevambo chevatongi navashandi chakaratidza kuti USSPTO Muganhu wePro Federation Mafungiro wazova manyuko matsva asingadereki. Avo vakanyandura kusuma kwe [[FLT] Countroption yeAmerica’s Information Act [FLT] uye [FF] Chiremoumplect [F] uye Chirego chaTsvence] Chirego chaG. Kunyange zvazvo murairo weUS: Vakabva kukudzoso.

Dzidzo Yavose Nokuchinja Muwindo weTorton

Basa rakananga zvishoma asi rinokosha zvakafanana nderokudzidzisa vanhu nokuchinja nhevedzano yemiitiro inogamuchirika. Kana zvinobudisa nhau zvikafukidza mishonga inotemesa musoro zvinonzwa ( zvakadai semarusando a 2013 ari pamichina miduku yebhizimisi yaipomerwa kuti ishandise zvikamu zviduku zvokunzwa. Zvikamu izvi zvinogona kuparira mamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika umo marapirwe aisafungwa nemunhu, akadai semitero kana kuti kujeka kuti inodikanwa kuti zvive nohuni. Sangano reUS Invenor rashandisa kunzwa mikwidzo kuunganidza mibato youswa hweuswa, nepo Recolleclation Alces yakaparirawo chipupuriro chakafanana kupesvedzera mishonga inogamuchirwa.

Fundo Yenhau: Hondo Pamusoro Pechinorutsiro

Chimwe chemiuyo yakakosha zvikurusa yenzwi chakaitika munharaunda yemitero inodzorwa. Mupasi pa 35 U.S.C., USPTO ine chiremera chokugadza nokugadziridza mari, kana iri yokutarisira. Muna 2012 na 2013, UPTO yakakarakadza rudungwe rwemibhadharo yaibatanidza kutenuka pakupfuurira kwemitero uye zvikumbiro zvokupfuurira kunzvera, kuvavarira kuderedza kudzorwa kwemari nemubatanidzwa. Vavambi vaduku navagadziri vakazvimirira vakapupurira kuti mari yakakarakadzwa yaizowedzera kuranga avo nezvishandiso zvakaganhurirwa. Kunzwa kwakatungamirira kurunga kwaita mudungwe wemitengo uyo wakachengeta kukura kwakaderera asi wakaparira mugariro mutsva mutsva (75%) wekudzoresa. Ichi chiwirirano chakasimbiswa muchapupuriro chakanangana chapanyuko chinobva mubumbiro rokuwana ruramisiro.

Kuganhurirwa Nokutsoropodza Kwemuitiro Wokunzwa

Nepo kunzwa kwaratidza kuva kune simba, hakuna kushaikwa. Vatsoropodzi vanonongedzera kunhau ina dzinopfuurira. Chokutanga, karenda yokunzwa inowanzodzorwa nenhau dzounyanzvi hungada nguva inopfuura 90 minureti imwe chete. Chechipiri, kusarudzwa kwevachapupu kunogona kuva kwakanaka: zvigaro zvedare zvinoungana pamwe nezvinotsigira zvakafanorongwa, kuderedza mukana wokufunga zvakanyatsorongwa. Kwechitatu, kunzwa hakuwanzoita migumisiro inovhara migumisiro inobatira; mingava mingava yakawanda inodzokera muhwiro yemitemo pashure pokunzwa kumwe. Chechina chechina chinovakwa pakati peCapitol Hill, USPTO, uye kukwidza mafemu kunogona kuita kuti pave nenzvimbo apo nyanzvi dzakafanana dzinoonekazve, dzichida kurangarira. Pasinei zvapo izvi, chinyorwa chinokarakadza kugadziridza kugadziridza kugadziriswa kwemitemo.

Mugumisiro: Kukosha Kunopfuurira Kwekutongwa Nematare

Kunzwa kweCongress kwakabvumikisa kuva injini inoshandura itiro hanya dzechienzi pamusoro pomuitiro wokuzvimirira kuva unooneka, unomanikidzirwa. Kuvambira muna 1952 Act kusvikira kuIA nekurukurirano dzazvino uno pamusoro pe-SEPS, shamhu, uye kutanga kwounyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu, kunzwa kunobatira sebhuroji rakakomba pakati pezivo yenyanzvi nechisarudzo chedemocracy. Zvinogovera nzvimbo yavose apo zviono zvemari zvinokwikwikwidzanwa zvemari nezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinogonekanwa zvinogona kuedzwa, uye (5) apo nyeredzi dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinoswedera kuUnited States. Sezvo zvinetso zvitsva zvinobuda (kuwedzera kuva nohumbiso dzinozivikanwa nemhizha dzinoshandiswa mumugariro mukurusa wenhau, mitoo yenhau yenhau yenhau yenhau yenhau dzinodavi. [Nyamubatanidzwa mudare renyika yose) hakugoni kunzwisisa sei kuti ive nomutemo wezve.[10]