Pfungwa yokusateerera kwavagari vemo yakabatira sechinhu chine simba nokuda kwechinjo yenzanga nezvamatongerwe enyika mumazana amakore. Chinopfuura kuputswa kwomutemo kwakapfava, chiito choune, chisina masimba masimba chokuramba chakavakirwa mukutenda kwetsika. Kusateerera kwavagari vemo hakupikidzi mitemo yakananga bedzi asi uyewo nheyo dzakadzama dzeruramisiro nekodzero munzanga. Nyaya ino inonzvera rondedzero dzakawanda dzokusateerera kwevagari vemo kwenhau nedzenhau, zviitiko zvenhau, ratidziro dzenguva ino, uye gakavadzano dzinogara dzakapoteredza kushandiswa kwayo. Nokunzvera zvose zviri zviviri kubudirira kwayo uye kutsoropodza kwayo, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti chimiro ichi chokuramba chinopfuurira sei kugadziridza kurwisa nyika yakarurama zvikuru.

Kurondedzera Kusateerera Kwehurumende: Unhu Hwokutevedzera

Chaizvoizvo, kusateerera hurumende kunoitwa nevanhu vose, kusateerera mutemo usina masimba masimba, uye kutungamirirwa nehana kunoitwa kuti mutemo kana kuti mutemo wehurumende uchinje.Vazivi nevatsigiri vakaratidza zvinhu zvinokosha zvinoverengeka zvinousiyanisa noutsotsiwo zvahwo kana kuti chisimba chinopandukira:

  • [[FLT: 0] Kuziva: chiito chinosundwa nechitendero chapachokwadi chetsika kana kuti chetsika chokuti mutemo wakananga kana kuti muitiro haururamisiri. Hauitwi nokuda kwemhindu yomunhu oga kana kuti zvikonzero zvoudyire.
  • Rurakarti rwavagari vemo: Kusateerera kwavagari vemo kunoramba zvakajeka kushandiswa kwesimba kana kuti kuvadziko pavanhu. Iyi musengwa ndowezvose zviri zviviri yemutoo wetsika nenheyo, kuvavarira kuratidzira ukuru hwetsika dzavapanduki uye kudzivisa vangada kubatana navo.
  • [ Chiito chinoitwa pachena, kazhinji kazhinji nechiziviso chisati chaziviswa kana kuti mukati mokuramba kumene, kuti chizivise kuziva vanhu nokukurukurirana. Chisimiro kana kuti unyengeri zvinopokanidza vavariro yokusateerera kwehurumende.
  • Kugamuchira chirango: Vagamuchiri vanozviisa nokudisa kusungwa uye zvirango zvapamutemo, nokudaro vachisimbisa kuremekedza kwavo gadziriro yapamutemo yose zvayo apo vanodenha kushandiswa kwakati kwokusaruramisira. Uku kudisa kunoratidzira uchokwadi uye kusimbisa chibvumikiso chetsika.

Izvi zvinoita kuti vanhu varambe vachinyengetedza pane kumanikidza, zvichifadza hana yevanhu vakawanda nepfungwa yokururamisira munyika.

Mavambo Enhau Nemhindumupindu

Kurerekera Kuvhenekero

Pfungwa yokuramba chiremera chisina kururama ine muenzaniso wakare. Mutambo waSophocles Antigone, mutungamiriri wehurumende King Creon anodzora Mambo kupfurikidza nokuviga mukoma wake, achidudza mutemo wetsika wakakwirira. Socrates, sezvakanyorwa naPlato, akaramba kunzvenga rufu rwake pasinei zvapo nokudavira kusaruramisira, achipikisa kuti mugari wemo anofanira kuteerera mutemo kana kuti kupesvedzera guta kuti richinje. Vafiri kutendeka vapakuvamba vechiKristu vakashandisawo chimiro chokusateerera kwavagari vemo kupfurikidza nokuramba kunamata vamwari veRoma. Panhambo yeChiedza, John Locke, akareva kuti apo hurumende inoputsa chivimbo chavanhu, chinenge chapamutemo, chinorega kutsigira mutemo usina simba.

Henry David Thoreau Nehana Yomunhu Mumwe Nomumwe

Kusateerera kwazvino uno kwavagari vemo kunopa musengwa mukuru womunyori weAmerica Henry David Thoreau. Murondedzero yake ya 1849 " Pamutero wekusateerera kwevagari vemo," Thoreau akataura kuti vanhu vane musengwa wetsika wokuramba batira pamwe nehurumende inoderedza kusaruramisira. (8) Uranda hunodzorwa nehondo yeMexican-America. Kuramba kwake amene kubhadhara mutero webvunzo kwakatungamirira kuusiku mutorongo. Nhevedzo yaThorea pahana yomunhu mumwe nomumwe nesimba ro "munhu wakatendeseka" kuzunungudza hurumende kupfurikidza namasangano apashure.

Mahatma Gandhi naSatyagraha

Kushandiswa kukurusa uye kunobudirira kwokusateerera kwavagari vemo kwakava pasi poutungamiriri hwaMahatma Gandhi muhondo yeIndia yokuzvitonga. Gandhi akatanga uzivi hwe ssadyaha[ (chokwadi kana kuti simba romweya), uhwo hwakabatanidza kusarwisana nokudzivisa kwokushingaira. Munyu March wa1930, umo zviuru zvakafamba mugungwa kuti zviite munyu mukupesana nomutemo weBritain, zvakava muenzaniso unofananisika. Gandhi akaomerera pasimba rorumano rezvo risingabvumiki, uye kudisa kutambura, kuchinja chiremera chetsika chokurambana kuva chombo chezvamatongerwe enyika icho pakupedzisira chakamanikidzira Umambo hweBritain kukurukura.

Martin Luther King Jr. neBoka Rekodzero Dzevanhu

MuUnited States, Martin Luther King Jr. akakwevera zvakajeka pauzivi hwaGandhi mukati megadziriro yechiKristu. Montgomery Bus Boycott (5585-1956) uye Birmingham Campaign (1963) zvakaiswa musori, nhambo, uye kushora mukurwisana norudzi. " Letter kubva kuBirmingham Jail" inoramba iri dziviriro yakatanhamara yokusateerera kwavagari vemo, ichitaura kuti kune mitemo yakarurama uye isina kururama uye kuti vanhu vane mutoro wetsika wokusateerera vasakarurama. Kubudirira kwaMambo mukuchengeta Gadziro dzavagari vemo dza 1964 nekodzero dzeVorgation Acts of 1965 inoratidzira chinjo yapamutemo inobvira yokuramba.

Pesvedzero Yenyika Yose

Muenzaniso wokusateerera kwavagari vemo wakapararira munyika yose. MuSouth Africa, sangano rinodzivisa kurwisana nemasimba masimba rakashandisa kurwisa kwechisimba, kubatanidza Kurwisa kwechisimba kwema1950, kunyange zvazvo kurwisana nepfuti kwakaitika gare gare. Lech Wałłsasa Singlity rakashandisa kurova nokuramba kuti, kunyange zvazvo nguva dzose risiri risingadzoreki zvakasimba, rakashandisa nzira dzokusateerera hurumende kudenha utongi hwechikomonisiti. Nenzira yakafanana, Chinjo yeVelvet muCzechoslovakia uye Chinjo Yavanhu muPhilippines yakaratidza kuti chiito chisiri chemasimba masimba chaigona sei kuputsa hurumende huru isina masimba.

Zvishongo Zveuzivi

Musengwa Wetsika Unopesana.

Kusateerera kwavagari vemo kunotsamira papfungwa yokuti mutemo wetsika unogona kuva wekutanga kupfuura mutemo wemitemo.Vatsi vemitemo yezvakasikwa vanotaura kuti mitemo isina kururama haisati iri mitemo yechokwadi, nepo vamwe vachiomerera kuti vagari vemo vane basa rokusateerera apo mitemo inoputsa kodzero huru dzavanhu. Uku kunyanduka pakati pemitemo yemitemo yetsika (mutemo mutemo) uye hana yetsika ndiyo inokosha mukurukurirano. Vazivi vakakarakadza kuti vanhu vamwe navamwe vanofanira kuturikira mutemo mukuwirirana nenheyo dzetsika, vachibvumira kusateerera kwenheyo muzvinoitika zvakajeka zvokusaruramisira.

Johane Vasingabereki uye Kururamiswa Kwokusateerera Kwevagari Vomunyika

Mu Chitendero cheChiratidzo, John Rawls akagovera gadziriro yakasununguka yokusateerera kwavagari vemo. Akairondedzera sechiito che "voruzhinji, chisina masimba masimba, chine tsiye nyoro, asi chezvamatongerwe enyika chinopesana nomutemo unowanzoitwa nevavariro yokuparira chinjo mumutemo kana kuti miraudzo yehurumende." Varabheri vakarangarira kuti kusateerera vagari vemo kunoruramiswa bedzi munzanga iri pedyo zvikuru, apo dzimwe nzira dzokukwirira dzakundikana, uye apo dzinonanga kusaruramisira kwakakomba. Akairangarira segadziriro inodzikamisa inogona kururamisa mumiitiro yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Hannah Arent uye Nzvimbo Inowanika Vanhu Vose

Hannah Arendt akarangarira kusateerera kwavagari vemo sechimiro chechiito chezvamatongerwe enyika chinoparira nzvimbo yavose nokuda kwokupesana. Akasimbisa basa rayo mukumutsidzira kutora rutivi kwedemokratiki, zvikurukuru apo masangano anomirira anova asingagamuchiri.

Kushanda uye Kubudirira

Kuchinja Kwomutemo Nokutonga

Kusateerera kwavagari vemo kwakapesvedzera zvakananga kuchinjwa kwemitemo isina kururama. Chibvumirano cheCivil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act, kuguma kwoutongi hweBritain muIndia, uye kuwa kwetsananguro dzose dzine mhosho huru kunhimbe dzisina masimba masimba. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, kunyunyuta mukurwisana neDakota Accounser Dippiline paSving Rick kwaibatanidza kusateerera kwavagari vemo uko, nepo kusamisa paipi, kwakasimudzira kuziva rudzi uye kwakapesvedzera mitoo yokuhwirudzura mhoteredzo yakatevera.

Kuchinja Mafungiro Evanhu

Zvichida chinokosha zvikuru kupfuura kuhwina kwomutemo kwokukurumidza isimba rokusateerera kwavagari vemo rokuchinja kuziva kwavose. Kupfurikidza nokuita kuti kusaruramisira kuve kwakatanhamara muzvinobudisa nhau, vashori vanogona kuchinja mirangariro yetsika yavose. Mifananidzo yakashambadzwa yavanhu vane rugare inodenhwa namapurisa muSelma, Alabama, somuenzaniso, kutsigirwa kwenyika nokuda kwekodzero dzokuvhota. Nenzira yakafanana, kushora kwemamiriro okunze kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kweGandma Redult kwakaparira kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze panhau ezvematongerwe enyika.

Simba Nechivako Cheboka

Kubatanidzwa mukusateerera kwavagari vemo kunogona kupa simba vanhu nenzanga, kuvaka unyanzvi hwokutungamirira, kubatana, uye pfungwa yesangano.Masangano anotanga nezviito zviduku zvokuzvidza anogona kukura kuva mapoka makuru, sezvinoonekwa nezvinoitika munyika yose. Kusateerera kwevagari vemo kazhinji kazhinji kunobatira senzvimbo yokupinda nokuda kweavo vaimbenge vasina hanya, vachichinja vaoni kuva vatsigiri.

Kusateerera Kwehurumende Kwenguva Ino

Upenyu Hworuvara Hunokosha uye Ruramisiro Yedzinza

Black Lives Matter sangano, iro rakatanga mukupindura kuuraya kwamapurisa kwaBlack America, rakashandisa zviito zvakasiyana - siyana zvinosanganisira kuvhara motokari mumigwagwa, kuvhara motokari, uye mabasa enzvimbo dzavose. Nepo sangano racho rakatarisana nokutsoropodzwa nokuda kwokuparadzwa kwezvinhu kwapanhambo nenhambo, unyanzvi hwaro hunoramba husingakuvadzi zvine masimba masimba — kuchine ngozi kumanikidza ngwariro parudzi rwetsika. 2020 yakarwisana nokuponda kwaGeorge Floyd akaona mamwe amabasa makurusa okusateerera pamutemo muU.S. nhau, kuchitungamirira kukugadziridzwa kwamapurisa mumaguta akawanda uye kurangarirwa kwetsika.

Ruramisiro Yemamiriro Okunze Nokupanduka

Kutsakatika kwesangano renyika yose rinoshandisa kusateerera kwavagari vemo kuraira chiito chokukurumidzira pakuchinja kwemamiriro okunze nokuputsika kwemhoteredzo. Tycs dzinobatanidza kuvhara migwagwa, kugara zvivako zvehurumende, uye kuuraya kukuru. XR inozviita pachena pamibato yekodzero dzevanhu, kuomerera pakusada kurwa nechisimba uye kuda kusungwa. Sangano racho rakabudirira mukuisa zviziviso zvekurumidziro munyika dzakaita seUK, kunyange zvazvo kubudirira kwaro mukuderedza kuderera kwemitengo yechadenga kuchiramba kuri kukurukurwa.

Kusateerera Kwevanhu Vasina Kufanira Kwechinyakare Nokusatendeseka

Pazera remitengo, kusateerera kwavagari vemo kwachinja. Mapoka aHacktivist akadai seasingabvumirwi kushandiswa kunoparadzirwa kurwisa kwokuramba kurambwa kwejeri reDDOS uye mawebsite okushaikwa kwemikana yokudzongonyedza hurumende kana kuti masangano. Kunyange zvazvo zviito izvi zvisati zvichiwanzova zviwirirana nezvinodiwa zvegamuchidzanwa zvokusarwisana nokusazvidzora, vamwe vanopikisa kuti vazvidzore kana kuti vasapinda muIndaneti. Chinetso chemichina chemichina chingashaiwa kuzvipira kwomunhu uye kujeka nokusatenderwa kwetsika kwetsika. WikiLeaks anobudisa mapepa anogamuchirwa, nepose pasina kusateerera mutemo kwavagari vemo, anomutsa mibvunzo yakafanana pamusoro petsika dzokuputsa mitemo yokushatsa kufumura kushatsa.

Kodzero Dzevakadzi Munyika Yose Nemasangano ELGBTQ

Makeyi avakadzi uye kurwisa nokuda kwokuenzana kweroorano zvakashandisawo kusateerera kwavagari vemo. MuMarch wa2017 Vakadzi, mazana ezviuru akatora rutivi mumabasa okudzivisa kwavagari vemo. Kurwisana nemitemo inoganhurira kubvisa mimba muPoland, Argentina, uye United States yakabatanidza zvigaro necheni. LGBTQ+ shoodorations dzakabatanidzwa mukutsvedza nokuratidzira kwapamhesano kwetsika, kurwisa tsvoka, kudzokorora kwapa matare echinyakare.

Kunetseka Nezvatisingakwanisi Kuita

Mutemo uye Zvinogona Kuitwa Nevapanduki

Vatsigiri vanopikisa kuti kusateerera mutemo kunowanzoitwa nevanhu. Asi kana munhu wose akasarudza kuti mitemo ipi yokuteerera ichibva pahana yake, nzanga inogona kupinda munyongano.

Kusarudza uye Unyengeri

Vatsoropodzi vanoti kusateerera hurumende kunowanzoitwa nevavariro dzefashoni, nepo dzimwe ruramisiro dzichisafungwa.

Kubudirira Kwakakura

Haasati ari mabasa ose okusateerera kwavagari vemo anobudirira. Mamwe anokundikana kuparira tsitsi dzavose, uye zviremera zvingava zvinodzvinyirira zvikuru, kwete zvishoma. Tianamen Square, somuenzaniso, yakaparadzwa namasimba masimba. Kunyange mumigariro yedemocracy, kudzongonyedzwa kwenguva refu kunogona kuparira pfundepfundepfunde dzavose, sezvinoonwa nokuramba kwakati kuti muEurope. Simba rokusateerera kwavagari vemo rinotsamira kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji pamamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika, kuratidzira, uye kudisa kwehurumende kuita nokudzora.

Kudzorwa Kwakaitwa Vanhu uye Kudzvinyirirwa

Vane masimba vakatanga matanho akaoma okudzivisa, kubatanidza kusungwa kukuru, kuongororwa, uye kuputsa. Muzvimwe zviitiko, masangano anopinzwa ndokushorwa. Kutsamira pakusungwa nemigumisiro yepamutemo zvinogonawo kupisa vatsigiri. Masangano mazhinji azvino uno anorwisa kuchengeta simba kwamakore akawanda, achimutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokusimba kwokusateerera kwevagari vemo senzira yenguva refu.

Nguva Yemberi Yokusateerera Kwehurumende

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nemazano Matsva

Maturusi emagetsi anobatsira kuronga nokukurumidza nokuona nyika yose, asi anoitawo zvirongwa zvitsva. Hurumende dzinogona kuongorora zvinobudisa nhau, kugadzira maatomu kuti zvifambe mitemo yokuramba mahombe, uye kushandisa mitemo yokusabatana paIndaneti kudzvinyirira kusawirirana paIndaneti. Nguva yemberi ingaona zvimiro zvemhesano zvinobatanidza kuvapo kwomuviri nokubatana kwemitengo, zvakadai semhomho kana kuti zviito zvinorongwa zvakanaka zvinorongwa kupfurikidza nepurogiramu dzakavanzwa. Kugadzirwa kwemitemo kuchafanira kupfupikisa kupfuurira kudzvinyirira kwehurumende.

Kufamba Kusingawirirani

Kuramba kwapanguva ino kunowedzera kuziva kubatana kwenhau dzeruramisiro yenzanga. Kuramba kwemamiriro okunze kungasimbisa kusawirirana kwedzinza neupfumi; kufamba kwavakadzi kungabatanidza zvikumbiro zveLGBTQ+ kodzero neruramisiro yokutama. Uku kuronga kwemharadzano kunokudza mibatanidzwa asi kunogonawo kuderedza mirangariro. Masangano anobudirira achada kudzikamisa kubatana nechinzwano.

Maneseji Akabatana Munyika Yose

Kusateerera kwavagari vemo hakuchisina kuganhurirwa munyika. Zvisinei, zviito zvokubatana kwemarudzi ose, kufanana nokurovanya kwemamiriro okunze enyika yose kana kuti kurwisana nemoto wemusango weAmazon unonaya miti yakabatana zvikuru, zvinoratidza mwero mutsva wezviito zvemagariro avanhu zvinobvumira nzira dzokufamba nokukurumidza, zvichiparira kurwisana.

Mumhedziso, kusateerera kwavagari vemo kunoramba kuri chinhu chipenyu, kuchipedza muitiro unodenha vose vari vaviri vagari vemo uye unotaura nezvokurangarira nheyo dzeruramisiro. Kuvambira paSocrates kusvikira kuSign Rock, kubvira pakufora kwomunyu kusvikira kumadhigirizi emichina, kudisa kuputsa mutemo murugare mukuronda kutaura kwetsika dzakakwirira. Kuda kuratidzira kwakawanda simba rayo. Asi hakusi simba rayo inotsamira pamaitiro okungwarira, kujeka kwetsika, uye mhoteredzo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Chero bedzi paripo, nhau yokuti kusaruramisira kucharamba kupfuurira uye nzira yokusateerera nayo. Kunzwisisa nhau, uzivi, uye kusateerera kushatadzira kushatavirira kunokosha nokuda kwemunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kutungamirira ukama hwakaoma pakati pomutemo, hana mirangariro, uye kuchinja kwenzangariro.