Sumo: Chiratidzo Chekodzero Dzokusarudza Norugare

Chibvumirano chaMakurukuru cheChishanu (chinozivikanwawo seBelfast Accounting), chakasainwa pana 10 April 1998, chinomira sechimwe chezvibvumirano zvorugare zvikuru zvechikamu chezana ramakore rechi20. Kupfuura pakugumisa kurwisana kwemakore makumi matatu kwemasekete kunozivikanwa se Zvinetso[[FLT]], chibvumirano chakaisa gadziriro huru yekodzero dzavanhu uye kuenzana mutsika uye nyika yepamutemo yeNorthern Ireland. Kupfurikidza nokuwana misengwa yehurumende dzeBritain neIreland, semapati ezvamatongerwe enyika eNorthern Ireland, kunoitwawo mamiriro ezvinhu echisimba anoshanda mutsika dzinovakwa patsika, ruremekedzo, ruremekedzo, uye kusabatana nemitemo yemitemo yetsikano. Nyaya yavanhu inoongorora sei kufambidzana kweChishanu nekodzero chavanhu, uye kuenderera mberi kwezvinetso zvarongedzero, mamiriro okunze, nyika inoenderera mberi.

Chibvumirano chacho chakatenderwa nedare renhau rehurumende mbiri: 71% yavavhoti muNorthern Ireland uye 94% muRepublic yeIreland yakachitendera, kuchipa chiremera chehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende inotonga namasimba anopesana. Chakaumba hurumende inoderedza simba, yakaziva nheyo yemvumo pamusoro penzvimbo yebumbiro remitemo reNorthern Ireland, uye yakatanga masangano aizoronga kukurukura kupunzika kwamaruramiro avanhu norusaruro izvo zvakanga zvatambudza nharaunda yacho kwezvizvarwa.

Nhoroondo: Zvinetso uye Rusaruro Rwemarongerwo Enyika

Kunzwisisa chikonzero nei kodzero dzevanhu nokuenzana zviri chinhu chinokosha kuGood Wearth Agreement, munhu anofanira kutanga kunzwisisa kusaruramisira kwakadzika midzi kwakaparira rwisano. Hurumende dzeUnion-omanist muNorthern Ireland (1921-191972) dzakasarura munhevedzano mukurwisana nevomuKaturike kana kuti verudzi rwese vaiva mudzimba, basa, uye vamiririri vezvamatongerwe enyika. Gerrydering yakavimbisa kuti vadzore madare omunzvimbomo kunyange munharaunda dzakawanda dzinotsigira nyika. Kufora kwekodzero dzevagari vemo mukupera kwama1960(11) kwakafuridzirwa nekodzero dzevagari vemo veAmerica nemasimba masimba enyika, zvichitungamirira kukuputsika kweparamendi yekutanga nehurumende yakabva kuLondon. Pakazosvika 1998, vanhu vanopfuura 600 vakanga vaurawa murwisano.

Kutaurirana kworugare kwakabudisa Bhuku reChibvumirano cheGood Wear Ad Regand kwakaumbwa nebvumirano yokuti kugadzikiswa kupi nokupi kunogara kwenguva refu kunofanira kuva nedziviriro dzakasimba nokuda kwenzanga dzose. Chibvumirano chacho chinotaura zvakajeka kuti vatori rutivi vanogoverana musengwa ku “dziviriro yekodzero dzavagari vose vose,” uye rakagadza gadziriro ine udzame yedziviriro dzesangano idzo dzaizovimbisa kuti hakuna nzanga yaigona kudzora imwe.

Gadziriro Huru Dzamaruramiro Avanhu Nokuenzana

Gadziriro dzamaruramiro avanhu dzebvumirano yacho dzinoshanda pamwero mitatu: kubatanidzwa kwebumbiro remitemo yemipimo yamarudzi ose, kuumbwa kwamasangano anoongorora akazvimirira, uye kurongwazve kwamasangano ehurumende kuti agumise miitiro yokusarura.

Kubatanidzwa kweEuropean Convention on Human Rights

Chimwe chezviitwa nokukurumidza zvikurusa zvebvumirano yacho chakanga chiri chibvumirano chokubatanidza Dare reEurope rekodzero dzevanhu mumutemo weNorthern Ireland. Iri basa rakazadzika neUK Parliament’s Human Rights Act 1998, iyo yakapa simba repamutemo kuCORM mhiri kwamaUnited Kingdom. Nguva yokutanga, vanhu vomuNorthern Ireland vaigona kusimbisa kodzero dzavo dzomunhu zvakananga mumatare omumba, kubatanidza maruramiro oupenyu, rusununguko kubva mukutambudzwa, kutongwa kwakarurama, uye kuungana. Chibvumirano chacho chakaenderera mberi nokurayira kuti zvikwereti zvipi nezvipi zvenguva yemberi zveNorthern Ireland zvinofanira kuwirirana chose neECHRD, uye kuti hurumende yaizo “kubatanidza nokukurumidza maruramiro avo vohunhu mudare remhuri, kubatanidza rusununguko, kutongwa norusununguko, kutongwa norusununguko. Chibvumirano chacho chakaitwa nokurayira kuti zvikwane maruramiro api nezvipi zvamangwana zvehurumende zveNorthernern Ireland zvikwaro zvehurumende zvibvire.

Uku kutama kwakanga kwakakomba nemhaka yokuti kwakabvisa kusava nechokwadi kwokutsamira chose chose padziviriro dzomutemo wavose ndokuvimbisa kuti mipimo yamarudzi ose yamaruramiro avanhu yakava inosungirwa pazviremera zvose zvavanhu, kubatanidza mapurisa nehondo.

2. Kugadzwa kweNorthern Ireland Human Rights Commission (NIHRC)

Chibvumirano chacho chakagadzira Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission sedare ramagariro rinoshanda nokusimudzira nokutarisira kuzviisa kwamaruramiro avanhu. NIHRC ine murairo wakafara: kuraira Gungano neMutungamiriri pamipimo yekodzero dzavanhu, kuitisa mibvunzo nokuongorora, kugovera betsero yapamutemo kuvanyajambwa vekodzero dzekodzero, uye kushanda kuBill of Rights for Northern Ireland. Mumakore ose, Dare rakaita basa guru mukudenha mitemo yehotera, kudzivirira kodzero dzevatami vemo navasungwa, kutsigira kodzero dzeruramisiro. Chiratidzo charo charo chavanhu chaizova nesangano repamutemo, rakaparadzana musha, puro yebazi rinotonga.

3. Kushanda Kwokuenzana uye Kurwisana Nevanhu

Chibvumirano chaMakuru cheChishanu chakarairawo kuumbwa kweKomishoni yakabatana [[FLT: 0] yeNorthern Ireland, ichibatanidza mitumbi iripo yakananga padzinza, urema, vatano, uye rudzidziso. Dare reEality rine simba rokumanikidzira mitemo inorwisana nerusarurano pabasa, pokugara, zvinhu namabasa. Inodzorawo kuwirirana nebasa [[FLT:] rekuenzana 75 . [-asvomhosverate face gadziriro yapa pasi muNon Northern Act 1998. Chikamu 75 chinoda zviremera zvose kuti zvitsigire kuenzana kwemikana pakati pezvitengo zvorudzidziso, mirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika, zera redzinza, vatano, uye vanhukadzi, uye pasina kuoma. Zvinoda kurangarira kupfuudza mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kupfurikidza namabasa okupfuudza kupfuudza kupfuudza kupfuudza kupfumisa uku. Chino kupfupikisa kupfupikisa kupfupikisa kupfura kupfupikisa kudarika mamiriro ose. Chipo. Chino. Chi

Kuchinja Kwetsika Neruramisiro

Zvichida hakuna sangano rakasaidzwa zvikuru kupfuura Royal Ulster Consabulary (RUC), iyo yakanga iri yePurotesitendi inokurira uye yakarangarirwa navagari vemo vazhinji sesimba rinochinja. Good Foundter Augment yakazvipira kugadziridza kwakawanda mapurisa, yakatangwa kupfurikidza nomushumo Patten Commission (1999). Kuchinja kwakatsiva RUC nePUS yeNorthern Ireland (PMS), yakagadza 50:50 revo yavanhu veKaturike nePristi, yakatangazve purofiti yePolice Ombsman yakazvimirira kuti iongorore zvichemo, uye yakaita kuti ive dare rePromotempiai rakavakwa nemuchinjiro. Izvi zvakavandudza zvikuru nomufananidzo weNostern Ireland (PN), zvakakwi 1201, zvakawedzera kuva ne2% yePS, kunyange zvazvo zvichiringwe na50, kupfupikisa kwamari yebasa.

5. Kodzero Dzevanyajambwa Nedzokusunungurwa

Chibvumirano chacho chakakurukura nhaka inorwadza yeMatambudziko nokuzivikanwa kwekodzero dzevanyajambwa. Chakavamba nzira dzepamutemo kuti vanyajambwa vatsvake chokwadi uye vabvume uye vape zvirongwa zvemari.

Tapuro Panzanga Norugare

Kodzero dzevanhu uye kuenzana kwakaita vanhu muChibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu chakakanganisa chaizvo nzanga yokuNorthern Ireland, kunyange zvazvo isina kukwana.

Kuderedza Kunyanyisa Masimba Masimba Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kubva pakusainwa kwechibvumirano kusvikira kuzuva razvino, rufu rwamasimba masimba ezvematongerwe enyika rwakaderera ne 90% kana zvichienzaniswa nama1990. Kurega moto kwemauto kwave kuchiitwa zvikuru, uye upenyu hwavanhuwo zvavo hwadzokera kunzanga dzakamboparadzaniswa nokubhomba nokupfura. Kubviswa kwenzvimbo dzehondo dzeBritain nokuitwa kwenguva dzose kwemapurisa kwakabvumira maguta akadai seBelfast neDerry/Londonderry kukwezva bhizimisi nokushambadza. Nepo mapoka eRepublicanland achingotyisidzira, simba rawo rawo rakaganhurirwa, uye kusvika kwapamutemo kwamauto avanhu kwehurumende yeBritain kwakavandudza chivimbo munzanga.

Kumirira Kwakakura Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokutsigira Simba

Chibvumirano chakagadzira hurumende yakabviswa panheyo ye inopesana nebvumirano ye . Zvisarudzo zvikuru zvinoda ruzhinji rwevose vari vaviri vakabatana navanorwira nyika MMLS kana kuti voruzhinji (60% kubatanidza 40% yezita rimwe nerimwe). Iyi purogiramu yakagombedzera mapoka kubatira pamwe, uye kwamakore akawanda yaibatanidza zvose zviri zviviri Democratic Union Union Party (DuP) naSin Féin·ader. Nepo masangano akaputsika panhambo nenhambo nenhambo yehurumende. 202020,2020, akadzorerwa nguva dzose, achiratidzira kuzvipira kumiitiro yebvumirano. Chibvumirano chinobatanidza zvose zviri zviviri chibvumirano chinosimbisa manzwirevo ehurumende uye maSangano renyika yose.

Kufambira Mberi Kuenzana

Nheyo kubva kuEfecial Commission neNorthern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) inoratidza kuvandudza kunopfuudza. Nzanga dzeKaturike nedzePurotesitendi dzakava dzakabatanidzwa zvikuru munzvimbo yebasa, nechiverengero chavaKaturike muboka ravose chakwira kubva pa42% muna 2000 kusvikira kuinopfuura 50% pa2020. Migumisiro yedzidzo yakabatanidzawo, kunyange zvazvo dzidzo inowirirana ichiri yakakurumbira. basa rokuenzana 75 yakasunda mitumbi yavose kukwidziridza kuenzana kwemitemo yose mikuru, inotungamirira kukuita maruramiro makuru, ichiita maruramiro aidzo dzinopfuurira. Pareve rinogoverwa nekodzero dzavanhu. Paredhiyokuna rechinyakare. PaRlandland yakaonekwa nokubudirira kwepamutemo chibvumirano chapamutemo chibviro chekugara muchato mu 2020 muzana ra20 muzana nokupfumba kwedare rinotongedzero, rinotongedzerwa kusimba reChishanu neChirengoripotinakuumbwa chakaitwa chinoitwa neChishanu. Chipfuri chakaitwa chinoitwa chi

Zvinetso Zvinopfuurira Nokutsoropodza

Pasinei nokubudirira kwayo, kodzero dzevanhu dzeGood Chishanu uye zvipikirwa zvokuenzana zvinoramba zvichiitwa zvachose.

Nhaka Yomunguva Yakapfuura: Nhamo Nokusabatana

Kubata nezvakaitika kare kunoramba kuri rutivi runokakavadzana zvikurusa rwebvumirano. Chibvumirano chimene chakaisa muchiono mitoo nokuda kwe “kubvuma nokukurukura kutambura kwavananyajambwa,” asi hurumende dzeUK dzakatevedzana dzakakundikana kushandisa gadziriro yenhaka yakakwana. Northern Ireland Troubles (Legacy and Reconciliation) Act 2023[FLT] [1] [icho chakakarakadza kuganhurirwa kwemhosva dzakawanda zvikurusa dzine chokuita napamberi dzevagari vemo uye kumisa nhau itsva dzevagari vemo uye njodzi dzechinongeri chakaitwa nemapoka ekodzero dzavanhu, kubatanidza NHAUS, Amnesty International, uye Dare rapamusoro reNdounion rekodzero dzevanhu rinopfuurira. Vakataura kuti kupesana kwehurumende kuongorora kodzero dzevanhu pasi peChikamu 2 cheECHRC. Sezvo 20, zvinetso zvepamutemo zvakaitirwa nehurumende repamusoro reIreland neRCheast Dare reN.

Kupesana Kwemasekete Norusarurano

Apo masimba masimba anouraya aguma, Northern Ireland inoramba iri nzanga yakaganhurirwa zvikuru. Dzimba dzavose dzinopfuura 90% dzichiri dzakaparadzaniswa norudzidziso, uye vana vazhinjisa vanopinda zvimwe zvikoro zveKaturike kana kuti zvimwe zvikoro (decount). Mibatanidzwa `masvingo erugare anoparadzanisa masvingo ose ePurotesitendi nerechiKaturike (8%) iripo muBelfast, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe dzakaparadzwa. Togeter: kuvaka United Community nzira, inotangwa muna 2013, yakaitirwa kubvisa masvingo ose orugare panosvika 2023, asi nguva iyoyo yakashaikwa. Nhambudzo dzokusimudzira dzidzo nedzimba dzakabatanidzwa dzakavakwa neroro, uye Eult Commission yashes yakadana kuti iverirwezve.

Kusagadzikana Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika uye Muitiro Wemitemo wokuchamhembe kweIreland

Masangano esimba anopa mari akaregeredzwa kwenguva refu (panguva ichangobva kupfuura apo DIP yakabvisa pagadziriro dzepost-Brexit. Northern Ireland Mutemotive , iyo yakaita kuti Northern Ireland irambe yakawirirana nemirau yeEUC yemitemo yokudzivisa muganhu wakaoma, yakaparira mikana mitsva yezvemari asi yezvamatongerwe enyika. Vatsoropote vaishora kuderedza nzvimbo yemubatanidzwa mukati meUK, nepo vatsigiri vakanongedzera kukodzero dzavanhu, sedzinoramba ichinamatira kuECHRFFFORD uye kutsauriro yakatsaurirwa [[FLT]]]] .[FOLT] Programmes programmes interlinegialsssssssssssss providecialsssssssssssssssssssssss provideciated provialstionstionsss provialm

Kusaenzana Kwezvemari Nenzanga

Northern Ireland ichiri kunonoka kupedza zvimwe zvikamu zveUK muzviratidzo zvikuru zvemari: mwero yourombo yakakwirira pakati pavana, uye njodzi yedzimba inotapura zvikuru boka rinoshanda munzanga dzose dziri mbiri. Mushumo wa2023 wakabva kuJoseph Rowntree Foundation wakawana kuti vanhu vashoma vedzinza nemadzinza muNorthern Ireland vanowana urovha hwakakwirira uye muripo wakaderera kupfuura vachena. Kuenzana kwetsika hakusati kwakwana zvakakwana kuwiriraniswa kwemitezo, uye vatsoropodzi vanoramba kuti vamiririri vekodzero dzavanhu vakaderedzwa uye zano ravo rakafuratirwa nehurumende.

Bhizimisi Rakanga Risingadzorwi Rekodzero

Chimwe chezvipikirwa zvakajeka zvikurusa zvisina kuzadzikwa zveChibvumirano chaGood Weshanu chikumbiro [FLT: 0] chekodzero dzeNorthern Ireland icho chaizopfuura ECHR. NIHRC yakabudisa purogiramu yeBhiropu yekodzero dzekodzero muna 2008, asi kusabvumirana kwezvematongerwe enyika (8] zvikurukuru pamusoro pokubatanidzwa kwekodzero dzemari nedzenzanga uye nzira yokuratidza nayo nzvimbo yepamutemo yeNorthern Ireland yeIrland, yaizodzivisa nayo kugamuchirwa kwayo. Bill of Rights ingadzivirirazve kusarura, inovimbisa kodzero dzokuvakwa, utano, nedzidzo, uye inopa kujeka padzikano pakati perusununguko rwemunhu nenzanga. Pasina , Northern Ireland inoramba ichiri muUnity Act, iyo iri pasi pekutyisidzira kudzo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Hurumende yehurumende inodzorongedzerwa kupfuudzo dzehurumende kunzvimbo yeChirengori cheChirengocheto, Hande Chipfumende, Haigoni kusha kuderera Hurumende kana kuti Hurumende ivedzeseindedzese Hurumende muIreland, Chibvumirano chakava chiNge

Mugumisiro: Nheyo Mhenyu Yorugare Nekodzero Dzakanaka

Chibvumirano cheGood Chirefu chinopfuura zvikuru kumira: igadziriro yebumbiro remitemo neyapamutemo yakavandudza zvikuru maruramiro avanhu nokuenzana muNorthern Ireland. Kupfurikidza nokupinza European Convention, kuvamba masangano anozvimirira, kuvandudza mapurisa, uye kusimbisa migove inowirirana, chibvumirano chakaita gadziriro inoshanda nesimba kudzivirira kudzokera mberi kwerusarurano rwegadziriro namasimba enyika. Njodzi dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinovandanwa dzinovanda kusingavaki. Nhando pamusoro peda dzechikamu chegore rechine zera ramakore, masangano akabatana zvikuru, uye dziviriro dzapamutemo nokuda kwevaduku. Bva chipikirwa chezvakariro chinoramba chiri chisina kukwana: maruramiro enguva yakapfuura anodzoreverwa zvakakwana, kupfuurira, masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anodzoro yezvamatongerwe enyika anodzongovawo bedzi anochengeteka. Kuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzeChishanu chavanhu nhasi, zvikurukuru sezvibvumirano zvinokosha zvikuru pamusoro pekodzero zvavanhu zvinobvira kusimba kusimba kusimba kusimba kusimba kusimba.

Nokuda kwavaravi vanofarira kunzvera rugwaro rwapakuvamba kana kuti basa rinopfuurira rokuenzana, chibvumirano chakazara chinowanika pawebsite yeHurumende yeUK (https//www.gov.uk/plain/macalensition/belfast/acreement)[[FLT:], uye basa reEdicity Commissions rinonyorwa pa */agrace/wwww.t.[3] org/. Kunzvera kwenhau kunogona kuwanwa kupfurikidza neCINHK pa * * * *.UP.UP.UV/ault / recet/avracement/avrement.[3]