Hwaro Hwezvinodikanwa Zvinobetsera

Chibvumirano chechina cheMitemo yeMitemo yeUnited States chinogadza nheyo yokuti vagari vemo vane kodzero yokuva vakachengeteka muvanhu vavo, dzimba, mapepa, uye migumisiro inopesana nokunzvera kusina mufungo nepfari. Iyi dziviriro yebumbiro remitemo inoparira hwaro hwepamutemo nokuda kwegadziriro yetendero, ichida kuti ibvumire nemhaka bedzi inobvira, inotsigirwa nemhiko kana kuti bvumirano, uye zvikurukuru kurondedzera nzvimbo kuti vanhu kana kuti zvinhu zvibatwe. Nepo iyi inoshanda zvakafanana muhurumende nehurumende kupfurikidza nedzidziso yeChibvumirano che 144 , kuitwa kwezvinodikanwa zvinoshanda zvinobvumiranwa kunogona kuderera zvikuru pakati pegadziriro yehurumende nedare rimwe nerimwe rehurumende.

Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi haisi nzira yokudzidza nayo nyanzvi dzepamutemo. Vakuru vakuru vemitemo, magweta anodzivirira, vachuchisi, uye vatongi vanofanira kushandisa misiyano iyi zuva nezuva kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti uchapupu hunowanwa nokuongorora uye nhashu hunenge hwaita kuti pave nechinetso chepamutemo. Chibvumikiso chinogutsa mipimo yehurumende chingasasvitsa zvinodiwa zvegadziriro yehurumende yakati, uye zvinopesana. Nyaya ino inoongorora kusiyana kukuru kuri pakati pezvinodikanwa zvehurumende nehurumende, ichipa nyanzvi dzemitemo kunzwisiswa chakakwana chokuti uwane mashoko anowanikwa mugadziriro ipi neipi.

Zvinodikanwa Zvinobetsera Mudare Rehurumende

Gadziriro yekodzero yehurumende inoshanda muPeredal Rul of Criminal Procediture, Mutemo 41 wakananga unogovera miitiro ine udzame yokuwana, kuita, uye kudzosa nokusunga. Zvibvumikiso zveFederal zvinofanira kupiwa nomutongi wehurumende kana kuti, mumamiriro ezvinhu akati, nomutongi wedare reruwa. Muitiro wacho unodzorwa zvikuru mumaruwa ose ehurumende, kunyange zvazvo misiyano miduku ingave iripo mumitemo yoruwa yomunzvimbomo.

Zvinodiwa Zvinonyatsotevedzerwa Mudare Rehurumende

Mutemo weFederal unoda kuti chisakiso chinobvira chiitwe kupfurikidza neaffidavit yakapikirwa yakapiwa nemukuru mukuru wemitemo. Iyi dare rinofanira kuva namaidi akakwana nemigariro kutungamirira munhu ane mufungo kudavira kuti ufakazi hwoutsotsi huripo munzvimbo yokunzverwa kana kuti kuti munhu anofanira kusungwa akaita mhaka. matare eFrederal anoshandisa chitsama chemigariro [ kuedza kwakatangwa mu [[FLT:]] Illinois v. mages, uko kunobvumira vatongi vatongi kuti vaite, zvisarudzo zvinoshanda, zvinobvira pamusoro pezvisakiso zvinovapo zvakavakirwa pamashoko ose anowanika.

Zvibvumikiso zvinobatanidza zvinofanira kugutsa chinodikanwa chaichoicho noururami. Chibvumikiso chinofanira kurondedzera zvakananga nzvimbo inoda kunzverwa, kubatanidza kero yakakwana, rondedzero yechivako, uye mativi api naapi anosianisa zvinosiyanisa nzvimbo yacho navamwe. Zvinhu zvinofanira kubatwa zvinofanira kurondedzerwa nechakananga zvakakwana kudzivisa kunzvera kwavose. Matare eFrederal akashatisa magwaro apo rondedzero yezvinhu yakanga yakafara zvikuru, zvakadai sebvumidzo dzinobvumira kutorwa kwezvinyorwa zvose kana kuti mapepa pasina muganhu wakakwana.

Miitiro Yemauto Neganhuriro Dzenguva

Federal Ruramo rweCriminal Procedure 41 runoisa ganhuriro dzenguva dzakasimba pakuitwa kwemitemo yomubatanidzwa. Chibvumikiso chokutsvaka chinofanira kuitwa mukati mamazuva 14 kubva pamusi weitsvo, pashure pokunge rugwaro rwacho ruchizova rusingatenderwizve uye runofanira kubvumirwazve. Zvibvumikiso zvokusungwa hazvisati zvine ganhuriro imwe cheteyo yenguva nemhaka yokuti migariro inoruramisa kusungwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji haifaniri kukurumidza kubatwa. Zvibvumidzo zvehurumende zvinofanira kuitwa mukati mamasikati kutoti mutongi anobudisa murairo webasa rousiku rakavakirwa pachikonzero chine mufungo chinoratidzwa.

Gadziriro yehurumende inodawo kuti vakuru vakuru vagovere kopi yetsamba nerisiti nokuda kwenzvimbo ipi neipi yakatorwa kumunhu ane nzvimbo yakanzverwa kana kuti kutorwa. Mukati menguva ine mufungo pashure pokuuraya, vakuru vakuru vanofanira kudzorera rugwaro rwacho ndokugovera mutengi yezvinhu zvakabatwa kumutongi anopa. Uku kudzivirira kunovimbisa kuzvidavirira ndokugovera chinyorwa chehwirudzuro yedare kana rugwaro rwacho rukadenhwa gare gare.

Varwi Vanoshandisa Erectronic Expression

Mutemo weFederal une gadziriro dzakananga dzemitemo yemagetsi inodzorwa nemitemo yeOmnis Crime Control and Safe Streets Act ya1968, pamwe chete neChiratidzo cheTsvened Communications Act nokuda kwoufakazi hwemichina. Iyi mitemo inoisa zvinodikanwa zvokuwedzera kupfuura zvikwaniriso zvenzvero dzetsika, kubatanidza zvinodikanwa zvinoderedza kubatwa kwekurukurirano zvisina batano necherekedzo. Zvibvumikiso zvemagetsi zvinoda kutenderwa neBato repamusoro reSahlulero uye zvinodzokororwa zvikuru kupfuura zvikwanikiso zvinoreverwa.

Zvinodikanwa Zvinobetsera Mudare reHurumende

Hurumende inobvumira kuti pave nenheyo yebumbiro remitemo yeGenese Amendment asi inoshanda pasi pemitemo yehurumende, mitemo yehurumende, uye mitemo yehurumende. Dzimwe nyika dzinochengeta zvinodiwa zvakafanana nezvinodiwa nehurumende, nepo dzimwe dzakashandisa urongwa hunodzivirira zvikuru pasi pebumbiro remitemo rehurumende. Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States rakaramba richidavira kuti hurumende dzingaisa mitemo inorambidza kupfuura mutemo wehurumende, uye nyika dzakawanda dzakaita kudaro munzvimbo dzinobvira pazvisarudzo zvokutsigira kuuraya.

Kuchinja - chinja Kwemitemo Inokonzera Zvinokonzerwa Nehurumende

Nepo nyika dzose dzichida chisakiso chinobvira nokuda kwezvibvumikiso, mipimo yokuziva chinobvira inogona kusiana zvikuru. Dzimwe nyika dzinotevera hwerengedzo yehurumende yemigariro yacho kubva ku Illinois v. Masuo[, asi dzimwe dzakaramba uyu muedzo unoda muedzo wakawedzera zvikuru wakasiyana kubva Alinarillar v. Texas uye [[FLT:]Spinellic v. United States. Munzvero wamashoko maviri akavakirwa pamashoko okuzivisa kana kuti kuzivisa kworuzivo.

Somuenzaniso, matare eNew York anoshandisa kare maererano nezvaanoda pakuongorora mazano, achida kutsigirwa nemitemo yakawanda kupfuura zvingadiwa nematare ehurumende.

Kutongwa Nedare reHurumende Nokutongwa

Zvibvumikiso zvehurumende zvinopiwa navatongi vehurumende kana kuti vatongi, uye mwero wokutarisira kwedare unosiana zvikuru mumativi ose ehurumende. Mudzimwe nyika, inoda kuti zvikumbiro zviwanwe kunzvera kwakakomba navatongi nguva dzose vachibvunza vakuru vakuru pamusoro pehwaro hwechokwadi hwechingabvira. Mudzimwe nyika, muitiro wehwirudzuro ungadzokororwa zvikuru, uye vatongi vachigamuchira maaffidavits paukoshipi mukusava nezvikanganiso zvakajeka.

Mitemo yehurumende inosianawo pamusoro peanogona kushandiswa nokuda kwezvibvumikiso. Zvibvumikiso zvehurumende zvinowanwa zvakaisvonaka navakuru vakuru vanotarisira mutemo wehurumende vakadai seFBI, DEA, kana kuti vamiriri veATF. Zvibvumikiso zveHurumende zvingawanwa namapurisa ehurumende, vatongi veruwa, vakuru vakuru vakuru vemapurisa, uye mune dzimwe nyika, kupfurikidza navakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende kana kuti kunyange vagari vemo voga vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaganhurirwa. Zvimiro zvinoshandiswa nokuda kwezvikumbiro zvehurumende zvinosiana zvinosiana zvikuru, nemimwe mitengo inoda udzame hwehurumende pazvimiro zvehurumende zvakateverwa apo vamwe vanobvumidza kupupurira mumhiko yomuromo.

Mitemo Inoda Kupiwa Nehurumende Yokuparadza Kunotambudza

Mitemo yehurumende inodzora kuitwa kwezvibvumikiso inogona kusiana zvikuru nemirairo yehurumende. Mimwe mifungo inoda kuti iitwe mukati menhambo pfupi yenguva kupfuura nhambo yezuva 14 yomubatanidzwa, nedzimwe nyika dzichida kuurawa mukati mamaawa 48 kusvikira ku 72. Mitemo pamusoro pokuuraya usiku inosianawo, nedzimwe nyika dzichirambidza kunzvera usiku chose chose chose kutoti migariro chaiyo inoratidzirwa, nepo dzimwe dzichiisa mutoro pamitemo kuti ipembedze kuurawa masikati.

Chinodikanwa chokugogodza nechokuzivisa chinopa imwe nharaunda yemhatsa yehurumende. Nepo mutemo wehurumende uchida vakuru vakuru kuzivisa kuvapo kwavo nedonzo vasati vapinda, Dare Rapamusorosoro rakarangarira kuti ichi chinodikanwa hachina kurairwa mumutemo mumigariro yose. Dzimwe nyika dzakabatanidza zvinodikanwa zvokugogodza nezvokududza kuti zvive mutemo, nokusiyanisa kwakajeka nokuda kwemigariro uko chiziviso chingava chine ngozi kana kuti chisina maturo. Mamwe masangano akagamuchira mipimo inodzivirira zvikuru iyo inoganhurira kushandiswa kwokusashandisa kwekicking kumigrogiramhina bedzi.

Misiyano Huru Pakati Pevarwi Vehurumende Nehurumende

Mipimo Yapamutemo Nokuda Kwechisakiso Chinowirirana

Musiyano mukuru zvikurusa pakati pezvinodikanwa zvehurumende nezvinodikanwa zvinoda mari uri mumipimo inoshandiswa kutanga chisakiso chinobvira. Matare eFederal anoshandisa hwerengedzo yemigariro yacho mumitemo yose. Zvisinei, United States ingashandisa zvimwe muedzo wose kana kuti muedzo unoraira zvikuru wamashoko maviri nokuda kwemifungo. Uyu muuyo chaiwoiwo mukunzvera mirimo, nhau dzechitsotsi, uye dzimwe nhau apo vazivisi vanogovera chikamu chinokosha choufakazi hunotsigira kukumbira kwemashoko.

Kushandiswa kwaizogutsa nyore nyore mutongi wehurumende kungarambwa nomutongi wehurumende muhurumende inoda kutsigirwa kwazvimirira kwouchokwadi hwemuzivi. Nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinofanira kuziva mupimo unoshanda muhurumbidzo hwavo uye kugadziridza kukumbirwa kwezvikumbiro maererano. Cornell Legal Information Institute inogovera mipimo inobvira pachinhu chinenge chiripo mumativi akasiyana- siyana.

Mitemo Nemusimboti

Matendero anotevera miitiro yakafanana yoMutemo 41 weFederal Rules of Criminal Procedare, kuvamba kusachinjana mumativi ose ehurumende. Miitiro yokuraira inosiana yakavakirwa pamirau yehurumende, mirau yedare, uye miitiro yomunzvimbomo. Dzimwe nyika dzinoda kukumbirwa kupiwa kwekunyoreswa kunoitwa pamunhu, nepo dzimwe dzichibvumira zvikumbiro zvemapepa. Zvinodikanwa zvekunyora zvinosiyanawo, nedzimwe nyika dzinoda kusaitwa kwemaaffidavit uye dzimwe dzinogamuchira zviziviso zvisingabvumirwi pasi pechirangoriso chepejury.

Muitiro wokudzokera nokuda kwezvinodikanwa zvakaitwa unoratidzira mumwe musiyano wetsika. mutemo weFederal unoda kuti rugwaro rudzorwe kumutongi anotora nemudungwe wezvinhu mukati menguva ine mufungo. Dzimwe nyika dzinoda kudzokera mukati mechiverengero chakati chamazuva, uye kundikano yokudzosa panguva yakafanira rugwaro rungaguma nokudzvinyirirwa kwoufakazi munyika idzodzo kunyange zvazvo kunonoka kumwe cheteko kusati kwaizova hako kunouraya mudare rehurumende.

Kukura Kwechiremera Nevaisarura

Mitemo yehurumende ingaziva kusiyana kuchinodikanwa chinopiwa icho mutemo wehurumende usingabvumiri, kana kuti zvingaganhurira kusiiwa kwomutemo wehurumende. Kusiiwa kwemotokari kunogovera muenzaniso unobetsera. matare eFederal anobvumira kunzvera kwemotokari kusina pamutemo kana chisakiso chinobvira chiripo, chakavakirwa pakufamba kwemotokari kwapakuvamba uye kariro yakaderedzwa yokuva woga. Dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seNew Jersey nePennsylvania, dzakaganhurira kusirwa kwemotokari pasi pebumbiro remitemo rehurumende, dzichida kubvumirwa kwekunzvera motokari kunyange apo chisakiso chinobvira chiripo, kutoti migariro yakaderedzwa.

Kunzvera kwokubvuma kunoratidzirawo kupesana pakati pemipimo yehurumende nehurumende. matare eFederal anoshandisa mupimo wokubvuma kwokuzvidira wakavakirwa pahwerengedzo yemigariro. Dzimwe nyika dzinoda kuti kuchengetwa kwomutemo kuzivise vanhu nezvekodzero yavo yokuramba, uye ufakazi hunowanwa pasina ziviso yakadaro hungadziviswa. Chiremera chechiremera chechitatu chekubvumirana kwenzvimbo dzinogoveranwa.

Kutonga uye Kuzvidavirira

Vatongi vemajaji veFederal vanorovedzwa chaizvo uye vakarovedzana zvikuru nemiraudzo yomutemo weFreeterment yeChina kupfuura vatongi vehurumende vanobata nhatsa huru dzenhau dzemitemo. Iyi zivo chaiyo inogona kutapura kuti kukumbira kunodzokororwa sei. Vatongi veFederal vangashandisa mipimo isingachinji zvikuru mumitongo yavo yenhau nemhaka yechiremera chavo chakatanhamara pamusoro penhau dzoutsotsi uye kurovedzana kwavo neFederal Games of Criminal Procedature.

Vatongi vehurumende, zvikurukuru avo vari mumaruwa kana kuti matare ehurumende akaganhurirwa, vangava noruzivo rushoma nezvikumbiro zvakaoma. Zvisinei, vatongi vehurumende munzvimbo huru dzomumaguta vangabata uwandu hukuru hwezvishandiso zvezvishandiso zvekushandisa ndokukudziridza unyanzvi hunokosha. Kusiana muunyanzvi hwokutonga mumativi ose enyika kunoparira misiyano mumashandiro ezvinodikanwa. Office yeU.S. Dare rinogovera mashoko ane udzame parovedzo yehurumende yejajisitisiti yemitoro .

Vakasiyana Nevanhu Vanochengeta Chikumbiro Chisingarambiki

Miitiro yose iri miviri yehurumende neyehurumende inobvuma mhesano kuchinodikanwa chokuraira, asi ukuru nokushandiswa kweidzi mhatsa kunosiana zvikuru. Kunzwisisa iyi misiano kunokosha nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vanotarisira mutemo vanoshanda mumiganhu yehurumende uye nokuda kwamagweta anodenha kunzvera kusina maruramiro.

Migariro Yakaoma

Matare ehurumende anoziva migariro inosiyanisa nechinodikanwa, achibvumidza kunzvera apo chiito chokukurumidza chiri madikanwa kudzivisa ruparadziko rwoufakazi, dziviriro upenyu, kana kuti kudzivisa kupukunyuka. matare ehurumende anowanzoziva kusiyana kwakafanana, asi migariro yechokwadi iyo inoumba kujeka. Dzimwe nyika dzinoda kuratidzirwa kwakakwirira kwekurumidziro kupfuura uko matare ehurumende angada, zvikurukuru pamusoro pokuparadzwa kwoufakazi mukunzvera mirimo.

Hurumende inopa tarisiro yokutsiva, uko kunobvumira zvitatiso zvisina kukodzera apo vakuru vakuru vanobatanidzwa mumabasa asina chokuita noutsotsi, yakagamuchirwa muzvimiro zvakasiyana - siyana mumativi ose enyika. Dzimwe nyika dzakakudza uku kusiiwa kuti kubatanidza nzvero dzegarikano nebetsero dzekurumidziro, nepo dzimwe nyika dzakaganhurira kunyoresa kwadzo kudzivirira kubatwa zvisina kufanira kupfurikidza nokuchengetwa kwomutemo.

Tsvaka Chinokonzera Kusungwa

Chinonzvera kusunga kutsiva chinobvumira vakuru vakuru kunzvera musungwa nenharaunda iri pedyo pasina pamutemo. Mutemo weFederal, unotevera California v. uye Arizona v. , inoganhurira nzvimbo yokunzvera kumunhu womusungwa nenharaunda iri pakati poudzori. Dzimwe nyika dzakagamuchira iyi yakasiana zvikuru, nepo dzimwe dzakaganhurirwa kunzvera chiitiko chokusunga mhaka duku kana kuti nzvimbo yemotokari kutongerwa kutorerwa zvikuru kupfuura mutemo wenyika unoda.

Matare ehurumende anoverengeka akarangarira kuti kunzvera chinoitika chokusunga kuputswa kwemigwagwa kana kuti mhaka dzokusachengeta mwana kunoputsa dziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo, kunyange zvazvo kunzvera kwakadaro kungabvumirwa muGaramende Rechina. iyi mirau yakananga yehurumende inoparira ganhuriro idzo kuchengetwa kwomutemo kunofanira kurangarira pakushanda mukati mehurumende idzodzo.

Murangariro Wakajeka

Chiono chakajeka chinobvumira kubvumwa kusina pembedzo kwakarurama kwoufakazi huri pachena apo vakuru vakuru varipo nenzira yapamutemo. Matare ehurumende nehurumende kazhinji kazhinji anoshandisa iyi dzidziso nguva dzose, asi misiano inobuda mukushandiswa kwayo. Dzimwe rondedzero dzinoda kuti mamiriro ezvinhu okukodzera oufakazi ave pachena nokukurumidza, nepo mamwe anoshandisa mupimo unochinjika zvikuru. Ukuru hwecherechedzo yapamutemo inoparira kuratidzirwa kwakajeka kunochinjawo, zvikurukuru pamusoro pokushandiswa kwamatochi, maspecurets, kana kuti kunzvera kwendege kuti acherekedze ufakazi hwakavanzika.

National Institute of Justice yakabudisa nhungamiro yakakwana pamusoro pokunzvera nokubvuta mutemo mumativi ose unogovera kurangarirwa kune udzame kweiyi misiano yehurumende yakajeka.

Mabhuku Anoshanda Nokuda Kwenyanzvi Dzepamutemo

Kuongorora Kwemuchinjikwa

Nokuda kwamasangano anotarisira mutemo anoshanda mumiganhu yehurumende nehurumende, kunzwisisa misiano iri muzvinodikanwa zvokuraira kwakaoma. Vamiriri vehurumende vanobatanidzwa mumabasa ehurumende vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvibvumikiso zvinowanikwa zvinowirirana nezvose zviri zviviri mipimo yehurumende nehurumende kana ufakazi huizoshandiswa mugadziriro ipi neipi. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanotsvaka maruramiro ehurumende vanofanira kutevera miitiro yehurumende, kubatanidza kushandiswa kwezvimiro zvinotenderwa uye kuwirirana neganhuriro dzenguva dzehurumende.

Nzvero dzakabatana pakati pamasangano ehurumende nehurumende dzinoda kusanobatana kuti dzisarudze kuti idzoroi ichatsvaka magwaro. Chisarudzo chokupfuurira mudare rehurumende kana kuti rehurumende chinotapura kwete bedzi zvinodikanwa asi uyewo zvirango zvinobvira, zvinodzivirira, uye mitemo yakajeka. Vatsigiri vemitemo kumabasa akawanda anofanira kugadzirira kurayira vakuru vakuru vemipimo inoshanda munguva inodikanwa mukufeyafeta nokukurumidza.

Kudzvinyirirwa Nezvinetso

Magweta anodenha maruramiro anokweverwa kudzivirira anofanira kusanonzvera kana kogirosa ichigutsa zvinodikanwa zvomugariro wakati apo mhaka yacho iri kuvigwa. Chibvumikiso icho chingagona kuva chakakodzera mudare rehurumende chingava chinodzvinyirirwa mudare rehurumende kana hurumende ikaisa mipimo yorumano zvikuru nokuda kwechisakiso chinobvira, chakananga, kana kuti miitiro yokuuraya. Nenzira inopesana, mamwe matare ehurumende anoregeredza zvikuru mukuhwirudzura zvikumbiro zvekodzero kupfuura matare ehurumende, achiita kuti kudzvinyirira kuve kwakaoma zvikuru mumitemo iyoyo.

Mutemo wokubvisa, uyo unodzvinyirira ufakazi hunowanwa mukupunzwa kweGadziriro yeChina, unoshanda muzvose zviri zviviri dare rehurumende nerehurumende kupfurikidza ne 144th Amendment. Zvisinei, mifungo ingashandisa mutongo wokuparadzanisa zvikuru kupfuura mutemo wehurumende unoda kupfurikidza nokudzvinyirira ufakazi hwokuputswa kwegadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo dzehurumende idzo dzinopfuura dziviriro dzehurumende. dzidziso yokubvisa mutemo inopfuurira kushanduka [[, uye varapi vanofanira kuramba varipo pazvose zviri zviviri zvinoitika zvomubatanidzwa nehurumende.

Kurovedza Nokufambira Mberi Kwemitemo

Masangano anochengeta mutemo anofanira kuvamba gadziriro dzokurovedza nemitemo izvo zvinokurukura zvinodikanwa chaizvo zvezvinodikanwa zvenzvimbo umo vakuru vakuru vanoshanda. Masangano ane vakuru vakuru vanoshanda mumiganhu mizhinji yenyika anotarisana nedenho dzakati, sezvo misiano yetsika pakati penyika dziri pedyo inogona kuparira nyongano nengozi yapamutemo. Kurovedza kwokubatanidza pazvinodikanwa zvokupa chirango kunofanira kufukidza mipimo inobvira, kugadzirira, kuzivisa miitiro yokuuraya, uye kubatana pakati pehurumende nemitemo.

Mahofisi evatongi anofanira kuchengeta nhungamiro yazvino pazvinodikanwa zvezviratidzo izvo zvinoshandisa, kubatanidza kugadziridza pazvisarudzo zvedare zvemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvinogadziridza mipimo iripo. Marusando erovedzo yenguva dzose ayo anotaura zvose zviri zviviri gadziriro dzinoratidza kubvumira kubetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti kuchengetwa kwomutemo kunokurira kuongororwa kwedare uye kudzivirira kusatapurika kwoufakazi hunokosha.

mhedziso

Zvinodikanwa mugadziriro dzedare rehurumende nerehurumende zvinogoverana hwaro hwebumbiro remitemo hwakafanana muGavhura reChina, asi kuitwa kwezvinodikanwa izvozvo kunopesana munzira dzine revo. matare eHurumende anoshanda mumiitiro yakafanana yeFederal Miganhu yeCriminal Procedeture, nepo matare ehurumende achishandisa gadziriro dzawo amene dzebumbiro remitemo, mirau, uye mitemo yemitemo izvo zvingaisa zvinodikanwa zvakasimba kupfuura zvinodikanwa zvomutemo womuhurumende.

Nyanzvi dzemitemo dzinofanira kuziva nezveiyi misiano yokupa zano nenzira inobudirira vatengi, kuwana zvibvumikiso zvinoshanda, uye denho. Misiano mumipimo inobvira inoparira mipimo yokuuraya, miitiro yokuraira, kunze kwechinodikanwa chokuraira, uye utariri hwedare hunogadzira nzvimbo yakaoma inoda kungwarira kufamba. Masangano anodzika mutemo anobetserwa nokutanga mitemo ino mufungo iyo inoita zvinodikanwa zvakananga zvemitemo yose uko vakuru vakuru vakuru vanoshanda, nepo magweta anodzivirira anofanira kusanonzvera mipimo inoshanda apo kunzvera kunodenha rugwaro runotsigirwa.

Sezvo matare ose ari maviri ehurumende nehurumende anopfuurira kutanga ganhuriro yeChina yeSangano reMitemo yeChibvumirano cheChinetso cheHurumende, ukama pakati pezvinodikanwa zvehurumende nezvinodikanwa zvehurumende hucharamba huchishanda. Nheyo huru inoramba iri yenguva dzose: Zvibvumikiso zvinofanira kutsigirwa nezvikonzero zvinobvira, zvinofanira kurondedzera zvikurukuru nzvimbo inoda kuongororwa uye zvinhu zvinofanira kubatwa, uye zvinofanira kuurawa nomutoo unowirirana nedziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo nezvinodikanwa zvemitemo. Kunzwisisa kuti nheyo idzi dzinoshandiswa sei mumitemo yakasiana kunokosha kusimbisira kuti zviito zvomutemo zvinobvumirwa nomutemo zvinobvumirwa nomutemo zvinoramba zviri pamutemo mudare.