Kusunungurwa Kwevanhu Vose Chii?

Rusununguko rwavagari vemo ikodzero huru nerusununguko runodzivirira vanhu pakudzorwa nehurumende kwakanyanyisa. Idzo ivimbiso dzapamutemo dzinokubvumira kutaura ndangariro yako, kushandisa kutenda kwako, kuungana navamwe, uye kurarama pasina vhiringidzo isina kufanira nehurumende. Idzi rusununguko dzinoiswa zvadzo mubumbiro remitemo renyika, mumutemo wekodzero dzevanhu, kana kuti zvibvumirano zvekodzero dzevanhu zvamarudzi ose. Pfungwa inodzokera kumagwaro akaita seMagna Carta (12), Chirungu chekodzero dzekodzero (1689), uye, chinonyanya kupesvedzera, United States Bill of Rights Rights (179), nhasi, chibvumirano cheNyika yose yekodzero dzevanhu.

Kunokosha kusiyanisa rusununguko rwavagari vemo nekodzero dzevagari vemo. Rusununguko rwavagari vemo idziviriro ku chiito chehurumende (zvakadai sorusununguko rwokutaura kana kuti kodzero yokuva woga). Kodzero dzavagari vemo, kune rumwe rutivi, misengwa yakananga kuhurumende kuva nechokwadi chokuva nechokwadi chokubatwa kwakaenzana nokudzivisa rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, vatano, rudzidziso, kana kuti mamwe mavara. Mativi ose ari maviri anokosha, asi iyi nyaya inonangidzira padanho-panzira yokunzwisisa nokuchengetedza rusununguko rwavagari vemo.

Kukosha Kwokusunungurwa Nevagari Vomunyika Imwe Chete

Rusununguko rwevagari vemo haisi pfungwawo zvayo; ndiyo inokonzera kuti vanhu vasununguke uye vade hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu.

  • Vanodzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu oga kubva kuvhozhokerwa nehurumende. Pasina rusununguko rwavagari vemo, hurumende ingagona kunyaradza kusabvumirana, miitiro inorambidza, kana kuti kutsvaka misha pasina chikonzero. Idzi rusununguko dzinoita nhoo yakapoteredza munhu ari wose, kuvimbisa udzori nechiremera.
  • Vanotsigira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu nokutora rutivi muupenyu hwomugari wemo. Rusununguko rwokutaura, kuungana, uye kukumbira hurumende inobvumira vagari vemo kukurukura nhau, kuita kuti vatungamiriri vazvidavirire, uye kuvhota pasina kutya. Utongi hunotonga hwehurumende hunotsamira paidzi rusununguko runodzivirirwa zvakasimba.
  • [ Vanovimbisa ruramisiro nokuenzana munzanga. Kodzero dzinodiwa nekodzero dzekuita , kufanana nekodzero yokutonga kwakarurama, kumirira kwapamutemo, uye dziviriro pakuzviranga kwakaipa, uye kutsigira mutemo. Vanovimbisa kuti kunyange vanhu vasina dziviriro zvikurusa vanobatwa zvakanaka mutsika yemitemo.

Zvakaitika zvinoratidza kuti hurumende dzinodzvinyirira dzinotanga kuronga rusununguko urwu.

Danho 1: Ziva Kodzero Dzako

Zivo ndiwo mutsetse wokutanga wedziviriro. Usati wagona kudzivirira rusununguko rwako rwavagari vemo, unofanira kunzwisisa zvadziri uye kuti dzinoshanda sei kwauri. Nyika iri yose ine dziviriro dzayo yapamutemo, asi zhinji dzinogoverana nheyo dzavose. MuUnited States, Bill of Rights uye gadziriso dzinotevera dzinoumba musimboti werusununguko rwomunhu.

Kusunungurwa Kukuru Muhurumende muUnited States

  • Rusununguko rwokutaura. [Fokuqala Amendment] inodzivirira maruramiro ako okutaura pfungwa, kunyange dzisingafadzi kana kuti dzinomutsa nharo, pasina kuongororwa nehurumende. Ikoku kunobatanidza kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kutaura kwounyanzvi, uye mabasa okufananidzira akafanana nemoto. Zvisinei, mamwe mapoka (akadai sokunyandura masimba masimba, kuzvidza, uye kushatisa) hakuna kudzivirirwa. Dare Rapamusoro reBrandenburg v. Ohio ) rakasimbisa kuti kutaura kunogona kuganhurirwa bedzi kana kuchi “kudzorwa kunyandura kana kuti kuparira chiito chokusateerera mutemo chapedyo."”
  • Rusununguko rwoRudzidziso. Mhedziso yokutanga ine zvikamu zviviri: Chivako chaClaus (hurumende haigoni kutanga rudzidziso) uye Free Expression Claus (unogona kushandisa rudzidziso rwako pasina dzongonyedzo yehurumende). Ikoku kunobvumira mhatsa huru yezvitendero nemiitiro, kubva pakupinda chechi kusvikira kukupfeka nguo dzorudzidziso, chero bedzi vasingapunza mitemo isingatsiki pamutemo yehurumende.
  • Rusununguko rwePress. A muchina wapachena unobatira sechinodzivisiro pasimba rehurumende. First Amendment inodzivisa kuganhurirwa pamberi pe (chinyorwa chinovhara) kunze kwemumiganhu yechienzi zvikurusa, yakadai setyisidziro dzenyika. Zviitiko zvechiratidzo zvakafanana neNew York Times Co. v. United States [10] [10]1]
  • [ Kururama Kurunyararo. Ungaungana navamwe nokuda kwokuramba, misangano, nzvero, uye misangano. Nepo hurumende dzinogona kuisa nguva ine mufungo, nzvimbo, uye ganhuriro nomutoo (mue., dzichida mvumo nokuda kwokuungana kukuru), hadzigoni kurambidza magungano akavakirwa pazviri mukati meshoko.
  • Kureverera Hurumende. Irori rinokubvumira kunyunyuta kana kuti kukumbira chiito chinobva kubazu ripi neripi rehurumende(nzvimbo ipi neipi, hurumende, kana kuti hurumende. Inofukidza chinhu chiri chose kubva pakusaina chikumbiro kuChibvumirano.
  • Kururama Kutakura Zvombo. [Ichi chiNgezi] Chipiri chinodzivirira maruramiro omunhu okuva nepfuti nokuda kwamadonzo apamutemo, pasi pemirau yakati (cheki dzeshure, ganhuriro pazvombo). Ikoku kunoramba kuri imwe yemikana mikurusa yerusununguko, nekurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro poukoshi hwarwo.
  • Kururama Kuvanzika. Kunyange zvazvo isingadudzwi zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo, Dare rapamusoro rakaziva maruramiro ekuvandika munharaunda dzakadai sezvisingakuvadzi ( Griswold v.Connecticut), kubvisa mimba ([[FLT:]] [[FLT]]] RWEVE v. [[[FLT]] [[FLT]], gare gare gare gare gare gare yakatendeuka asi ichiri madikanwa asi kuvanzirwa) uye ukama hwapedyo ([[FLT] LT] L.[FLT] v[FLD:7]]
  • Yakarurama kuMuitiro wakafanira. Hurumende yeshanu neyegumi namana inovimbisa kuti hurumende haigoni kukutorera upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu pasina miitiro yakarurama. Ikoku kunobatanidza maruramiro kukutonga kwavose kwokukurumidza, kunangana nezvapupu, kuva nezano rapamutemo, uye kuramba chinyerere (Fith Amendment).
  • DZIDZIVIRIRO muMutemo. Iwe 14th Amendment’s Experity Protection Claus inoda kuti hurumende ibate vanhu vose mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana. Nepo isati iri rusununguko rwehurumende mupfungwa yakaganhurirwa, inovakira maruramiro akawanda uye inodzivisa mitemo yokusarura ruzhinji.

Kodzero Dzinopfuura United States

If you live outside the U.S., research your country’s constitution, human rights act, or charter. For example, the European Convention on Human Rights protects similar freedoms across Europe, enforced by the European Court of Human Rights. Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms, South Africa’s Bill of Rights, and India’s constitutional rights all offer robust protections. Understanding the specificpamutemo musimba rako kunokosha.

Danho 2: Ziva Zvausingakwanisi

Zvisinei, idzi ganhuriro dzinofanira kuva dzakasanogadziridzwa uye dzakaruramiswa zvakajeka. Kuziva uko miganhu iripo hakukubatsiri kudzivisa kudarika ndokukugadzirira kudenha nharirire isiri pamutemo.

Chengeteko Yorudzi Nokutaura Kwakasununguka

Muenzaniso wakatanhamara ndewokuti haugoni kudanidzira kuti “moto” muimba yemitambo yakatsvikinyidzana pasina chisakiso. girafiti nengozi iripo muedzo unobva [[FLT:] Scheck v. United States [1919])) yapinda mu [[FLT:] muedzo wekuedza [[[FLT] : kutaura kungangova kunoparira chiito chokusateerera mutemo chinoganhurirwa. Munguva dzehondo, kunzvera nokunzvera zvingawedzera, asi hurumende ichiri inofanira kuremekedza rusununguko rwapakati pevhuro. PATRIO Act Act yakakubatanidza uchenjeri pashure pe9/11, asi dare rinotonga rakava ranazve.

Kuchengeteka Kwevanhu Vose Nekodzero Yokuungana

Zviremera zvinogona kukumbira mvumo dzokufora kana kuti kuratidzira kuti zvidzokere kurwisano, zvinogonawo kugumisa magungano anotanga kuva echisimba kana kuti anoparira ngozi nokukurumidza.

Kuva Woga Kunopesana Nokumanikidzwa Kwomutemo

Gene Remendement inodzivirira kunzvera kusina mufungo nokusurumuka. Zvinowanzoda mapurisa anoraira chisakiso chakavakirwa pachingabvira chokunzvera musha wako kana kuti kutora zvinhu zvako. Zvisipo zviripo nokuda kwemigariro yapakarepo (mutoo., kurondwa kunopisa), kubvumirana, uye kunzvera chinoitika chokusunga. Kuvanza inzvimbo inokura: Dare Rapamusoro ratonga kuti mapurisa ade pamutemo kunzvera serura yako (] Riley v. California, 2014], kana kuti nzvimbo yako inoshandiswa kupfuudza mashoko ecellult ([FT:]]CPUPUP].[5]

Kudzikamisa Miedzo

Madare anoshandisa mwero yakasiana---phaana yenzvero kuyera ganhuriro dzehurumende pakodzero. Nzvero yakatsiga (mupimo wakakwirira zvikurusa) inoshandiswa apo mutemo unoputsa kodzero huru yakadai sekutaura kwakasununguka kana kuti kuvandika. Hurumende inofanira kukuratidza kuva nefariro inogombedzera uye kuti mutemo mutoo unoganhurira zvishoma kuiwana. Kunzvera kunoshandisirwa nokuda kwezvirevo zvakati zvakaenzana zvokudzivirira, uye kuhwirudzura kunokosha zvikurusa. Kunzwisisa izvi zvinzvero kunokubetsera kuyera apo mutemo sezvingabvira unenge uri mutemo wemitemo.

Danho 3: Ramba Uchiziva

Mitemo inochinja, matare anodudzira Bumbiro Remitemo, uye ruzivo rutsva rwokugadzira zvinhu runokonzera zvinetso zvitsva.

Kwakabva Mashoko Akavimbika

  • Dare reUnited States (SCOTUS) Blog - Tracks uye inogovera kunzvera: astutustog.com
  • American Liberties Union (ACLU) – Mishumo pamusoro pomutemo, matare, uye kusatendeseka: [ aclu.org[
  • ELEctronic Foundation (EFF)[[FL:1]] – inonangidzira ngwariro pamitemo yemitemo yemitemo: eff.org
  • Cornell Legin Information Institute (LII) - Kuwana kwakasununguka mitemo, mirangariro yedare, uye tsananguro: mutemo.corell.Celtu[
  • United Nations Human Rights Office[ - Mipimo yenyika yose nemishumo: ohchr.org

Tevedzera nyanzvi dzemitemo navanyori venhau vanofukidza Dare Rapamusoro.

Danho 4: Ita Chirango

Kuziva kusingakodzeri. Kuti uchengetedze rusununguko rwavagari vemo nokuda kwako umene navamwe, unofanira kutora rutivi nokushingaira.

Sangano Rokubatana

Mapoka akafanana neACLU, NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, EFF, uye rusununguko rwomunzvimbomo zvinobatira mubatanidzwa wehurumende pakukwidza mhaka, kukurudzira, uye dzidzo yavose. Mitezo inopa mari yokutsinhana. Yakawanda inopawo mikana yokuzvipira, yakadai semibato yokunyora tsamba kana kuti kubhangisa runhare.

Ona Vamiriri Vako

Nyora, dana, kana kuti tumira tsamba vakuru vakuru vako vakasarudzwa pamusoro pezvikwereti zvadoka zvinotapura rusununguko rwevagari vemo ($angava ari mutemo wokuongorora, kodzero dzokuvhota, kana kuti mitemo yechivande. Iva akananga uye anoremekedza.

Misi yeNhimbe Nedzidzo Yavose

Ronga kana kuti pinda horo dzetaundi, kudzidzisa, uye mashopu. Shandisa manyuko okushandira nzanga kugoverana mashoko akarurama pamusoro pamaruramiro. Somuenzaniso, kana mutemo mutsva uchidzivisa kunyunyuta, kuisa mutsananguri akajeka wechachinja. Kudzidzisa nzanga yenyu kunoparira muvhoti ane ruzivo zvikuru anogona kudzorera kuparadzwa kwerusununguko.

Danho 5: Ziva Nzira Yokudzivirira Namaruramiro Ako

Kukurumidza kuita zvinhu nenzira yakarongwa kunogona kuita kuti pave nomusiyano pakati pokuputsa kwakakwana nokusaruramisira kusingaperi.

Kunyora Zvinhu Zvose

Kana ukava nekodzero dzinoputswa . zvakadai sokutsvaka kusiri kwapamutemo, kurapa kworusaruraganda, kana kuti kurambwa kwegungano rapachena (_nonyora udzame huri hwose: musi, nguva, nzvimbo, mazita evakuru vakuru vanobatanidzwa, mashoko ouchapupu, uye rondedzero yezvakaitika. Chengeta ufakazi hupi nohupi chaihwoihwo, mifananidzo, kana kuti mavhidhiyo. Chinyorwa ichi chinokosha nokuda kwenyunyuto dzapamutemo nepomero dzinobvira.

Tsvaka Betsero Yapamutemo

Kurukurai magweta ekodzero dzevagari vemo kana kuti sangano risingapinduri rinobata nyaya munharaunda yenyu. Mapoka akawanda anopa probono (makasununguka) rondedzero yemhosho huru. Masangano emitemo anogona kubatsira vanhu vanowana mari yakaderera. Kana usingagoni kuwana gweta, zvimwe zvikoro zvemitemo zvine kiriniki dzinotora nhau dzerusununguko rwevagari vemo.

Kunyunyuta Kwefaira

MuUnited States, Department of Civil Rights Division yeChibvumirano cheRugare rweChibvumirano cheChibvumirano cheHurumende inogamuchira mishumo yokuputswa kwemitemo. Magweta ehurumende anewo zvikamu zvekodzero dzavagari vemo. Nokuda kwekusazvibata kwamapurisa, nyunyuta nenhau dzomudhipatimendi kana kuti dare rezvezvero yehurumende.

Nhano Dzinoshanda Mukati Mekusangana

  • Kana ukamiswa namapurisa: Ramba wakaterama, usadzivisa, uye bvunza kana wakasununguka kuenda.MuU.S., une maruramiro okuramba wakanyarara. Usabvumira kunzvera; taura zvakajeka kuti “Handibvumi kunzvera.”
  • Kana musha wako ukanzverwa: Kumbira kuona rugwaro, sanorurava, uye cherekedza nzvimbo dzinotsvakwa navakuru vakuru.
  • Kana kutaura kwako kuchiongororwa: nyora kuongorora ndokuonana neACLU kana kuti sangano rakafanana. zvikamu zvakawanda zvepaIndaneti zvinofanira kutevera nheyo dzeFirst Amendment bedzi kana zviri vatambi vehurumende; makambani emunhu oga ane rusununguko rwakawanda, asi mamwe mabumbiro emitemo anopa dzimwe dziviriro.

mhedziso

Mvumo dzako dzavagari vemo hadzina kupiwa kubva kumusoro; dzinochengetwa kupfurikidza nokungwarira kwenguva dzose nokutora rutivi kwokushingaira. Nokuziva kodzero dzako, kunzwisisa ganhuriro dzadzo, kugara uchiziviswa, kupinda mukuva mutsigiri, uye kuziva nzira yokupindura nayo kuputswa, uchava muchengeti anobudirira worusununguko. Chizvarwa chiri chose chinofanira kumutsidzirazve musengwa uyu. Kutyisidzira kungavapo (kubva mukunzvera nguva dzose) kunzvimbo inonzvera yemitemo (8) asi nheyo dzinoramba dziri zvimwe chetezvo. nzanga inoremekedza rusununguko rwavagari vemo ndiimwe apo vanhu vanogona kukurira, kusabvumirana nokusaruramisira kunonzwika. Ita idzi nhano kumwoyo, kudzidzisa vamwe, uye usatongotora rusununguko rwako nokuda kwokubvumirwa.