Ugandanga hwakatanga zvinoshamisa muzana ramakore rapfuura, zvichiratidzira chinjo huru muruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, pfungwa, uye mageographic. Chakavamba sekuuraya kwakaitirwa nemasero maduku echitsotsi chakakura kuva chiitiko chakaoma zvikuru chenyika yose chinobatanidza kurwisa kwekombiyuta, kurwisa kwoga kwoga kwemagakava, uye nhevedzano dzezvinobudisa upfumi. Mumhinduro, hurumende, masangano akangwara, uye dziviriro zvakagara zvichigadziridza mativi azvo, kuumba mavambo ezvo anopfuurira ehondo. Kunzwisisa iri gandanga rezvo rine simba rinokosha kuvadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye nyanzvi dzinofunda nhau dzenhau dzezvinoumba mamiriro ezvinhu echipurisa enhau uye kunzvera kuti mafambiro adzoke, kupfurikidza nokupaza, kuoneka kutenderera kwenzvimbo inoramba kutenderera.

Ugandanga Hwapakuvamba Hwoutongi Nohurudzi: Nguva yeAsassin

Nhambo yazvino uno yougandanga inowanzorondwa kusvikira kumugumo wezana ramakore rechi 19 napakuvamba kwerechi20, apo mapoka anopandukira hurumende nevezvourudzi akashandisa nzira dzakarongedzerwa kuparira katyamadzo huru yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kutadza kwemisoro yenyika . Yakadai sokuuraya kwa1901 kwaPrezidhendi William McKinley naReon Czolgosz, kana kuti kuuraya kwa 1914 kwaAducard Franz Ferdinand nemuSerbia wezvourudzi Gavri Princip. Zvaiitirwa kumisa hurumende nokunyandura kumukira kukuru. Izvi zvakanga zviri zvakaderera, zvaibatanidza mabhomba omusha, kana kuti mabhara, uye zvakasimbisa zvipfuro zvokufananidzira.

Nhano dzokudzivisa mukati menhambo ino dzakanga dziri dzechienzi. Mauto amapurisa akatsamira pavazivisi, kunzverwa kwevazivisi vanozivikanwa, uye kupinda kwapachivande. Nhambo yokupandukira yakatanga batira pamwe yokutanga yamapurisa amarudzi ose, yakadai se 1898 Conference yeRoma pakurwisa masimba masimba echisimba echitsotsi, uko kwakatungamirira kugoverana vatarisiri nebvumirano zvokuwedzera. Zvisinei, mwero nokusvikwa kwaaya mapoka apakuvamba zvakaramba zvakaganhurirwa namasangano apashure.

Mazano Makuru Enguva YechiAscist

  • Zvikanganiso zvamadzimambo, mapurezidhendi, uye maminisita makuru
  • Mabhuruburo munzvimbo dzavanhu vakatsvikinyidzana (mutoo, nhau ye 1886 Haymarket muChicago)
  • Propaganda kupfurikidza necend -- masimba masimba akarongwa kunyandura chinjo
  • [ Kupfura kwadzinopfura [ kwamapurisa namapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika

Zvinoitwa Pakutanga

  • Kuumbwa kwemapoka evakachenjera vari mumapurisa
  • Zvibvumirano zvenyika dzakawanda zvokuwedzerwa kwevanonyumwira kumukira
  • Kutangwa kwechengeteko inodzivirira nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vetsika dzezvematongerwe enyika
  • Kushandiswa kwemabhuku nemapepanhau okupandukira

Pasinei nenhamburiko idzi, nhambo yacho yakaratidzira kuti kunyange masero maduku aigona kuvhiringidza kudzora.

Kuparadza Kwapashure Pehondo Nokumuka Kwezvipembenene

Pashure peHondo yeNyika II, ugandanga hwakabatanidzwa namasangano anorwisana nehurumende inotongwa nehurumende uye rusununguko rwenyika. Mapoka akafanana neIrgun muPalestine, National Liberation Front (FLN) muAlgeria, uye Mau Mau muKenya akashandisa kubhomba, kuviga, uye kutora vanhu kuti vadzorere masimba ehurumende. Nguva ino yakavawo nokuvhozhozhokera senzira yakatanhamara. Mutengi weForver Front yeFORation yeParestinatina (PFLP) yakapayona kuvhozhozhokera ndege mukupera kwama1960, ichiraira kubudiswa kwemajeriso kuiswa mutorongo nengwaradziro renyika yose.

Hijackings akanga ari mutsigiri wemitambo: akanga ari anoshamisa, akaoma kudzivirira, uye akavimbisa kubhadharwa kwamarudzi ose. Kuvhozhokera kwaParaljian kwa1970 kwaDawson, umo ndege nhatu dzakatsaurirwa kunhandare yendege yomurenje muJordan, dzakaratidzira kuti boka duku raigona sei kuita kuti marudzi ose ave nhapwa kuzvinodikanwa zvaro. Mumhinduro, ndege nehurumende zvakasuma vatakuri vendege, zvakasimbisa masuo enzvimbo inochengetedzwa, uye mitemo yamarudzi ose. Hague Convention yeTruction of Ubricious Seiz of Aircraft yakanga iri imwe inodzosanwa navamwe vanhu vakawanda zvikuru, masangano okutsiva.

Kurwisa ugandanga kwakavawo kwakakurumbira zvikuru mukati menguva ino. Masangano enjere munyika dzokuMadokero akavamba kugoverana zvikarakadzo zvetyisidziro nemabasa okuronga. Munich Olympic . Kwakaitika personal (mumubati ushe hwePalestine hwakauraya vatambi 11 veIsrael) ndokunyandura kuumbwa kwemapoka akatanhamara anorwisana, akadai seGSG 9 neU.S. Delta Force.

Mazano Anozivikanwa Navose Enguva Yokuparadza

  • ZVINOTEVERA kuvhozhokera [ nokuda kworudzikinuro kana kuti zvinodikanwa zvezvamatongerwe enyika
  • [ Kutora-teji mumahofisi, zvikoro, kana kuti nzvimbo dzavose
  • Guerrilla-mutoo [ kurwisa mauto echengeteko munzvimbo dzinotongwa nehurumende
  • Mabhomba ereta anotumirwa kuvakuru vakuru vehurumende nezviteshi zvemapurisa

Kurwisa Kuchaitwa

  • Kuchengetedza ndege munyika yose (kuongorora, kuongorora simbi)
  • Kuumbwa kwokununura nhapwa kwakazvitsaurira uye mapoka chaiwo emabasa
  • Kubatsirana kwouchenjeri kupfurikidza negadziriro dzemibatanidzwa yakawanda (muchib., boka reTREVI muEurope)
  • Kokorodzano dzapamutemo dzinopinza muutsotsi kuvhozhokera nokutora nhapwa

Chinjo Yokukurirwa Norudzidziso Nokuzviuraya

Zana ramakore rechi20 rakapupurira chinjo huru yepfungwa sechitendero .____kanyanya kutsanangura chiIslam kwakava simba rinosunda ugandanga. Mapoka akadai seHezbollah, al-Qaeda, uye gare gare Islam State (ISIS) akashandisa nzira dzakadzika mitsetse pakati pevarwi navarwi navasiri varwi. Kubhomba kwokuzviuraya kwakava nzira yokusaina nayo, yokutanga yakashandiswa zvikuru naTamil Tigers muSri Lanka (vaisava venyika), asi gare gare gare gare gare yakagamuchirwa namapoka eMiddle East. Chiteshi chaMarieat chikwata chaMarieast (chinobhomba 241) yakauraya .Marine .Nhaviro ai ai ainwa anoshandisa kudenha kwokuzviuraya kwokutanga pachipfuro chepfuro chikuru uye chiratidzo chenguva itsva yokuda kuuraya vanhu vakawanda pasina kupukunyuka munhu oga oga.

Kubhomba kwevamiririri veAl-Qaeda muna 1998 muKenya neTanzania, kurwisa kwe2000 USS Cole, uye kurwisa kune ngwavaira kwaSeptember 11, 2001 zvakaratidza mhindumupindu yakajeka kukubatana kweboka, kuwanda kwenhamba. Uku kurwisa kwakakanganisa ndege dzebhizimisi, vashandi vokuzviuraya, uye kurova nokukurumidza panguva imwe cheteyo uko kwakada kuronga kwapakati uye kugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda.

Nhano dzokudzivisa pashure pe 9/11 dzakashandurwa. U.S. yakaita Department of Homeland Security, yakapfuudza USA PATRIOT Act, ndokutanga Hondo yenyika yose pa Terror. Masangano eCHENGETED akakudza zvinoshamisa mano okunzvera, kubatanidza kuunganidzwa kwemashoko akawanda, kunzvera metaneti, uye kunyora mari. Kushandiswa kwokuuraya kwemajere aidiwa pakuuraya vatungamiriri vemagandanga kwakava chinhu chinomutsa nharo asi chikuru cheU. S. Sangano renyika dzose reUnited Nations Security Council rakagamuchira chikanganiso 1373, kuchida kuti nyika dzose dziite utsotsi hwezvougandangaridzo nepfuma yezvipo zvinonyumwiswa zvamapoka.

Mazano Makuru Okuparadza Kworudzidziso

  • Kubhomba kweSuicide kurwisana nezvipfuro zvehondo nezvisiri zvehondo
  • Complex yakatsinhirana kudenha [ (mutoo, 9/11, 2005 kubhomba kweLondon)
  • Attacks panzvimbo dzakapfava (mabhanzi, makirabhu eusiku, machechi, misika)
  • [[[NHAU] kushandiswa kwendege dzokutengesa sezvombo[[[FTL:1]
  • [[[IT:0] Michina inoputika (IED) yakaiswa mumigwagwa uye mukurwisana nemotokari dzinomhanya

Kurwisa Munyika Yakapera - 9/11

  • Kuchengeteka kwendege kwakasimbiswa (TSA, mauto ehurumende, masuo akaoma enzvimbo inochengeterwa ndege)
  • Kukura kukuru kwamasangano akachenjera (NSA, CIA, MI5, DGSE)
  • Shandisa ye ungwaru hwechiratidzo[ uye data yomugodhi [ kucherekedza mapurani
  • Kurwisa kwakada kurwiwa muAfghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen, uye Somalia
  • Nyika dzakawanda dzinobvumira hurumende uye kuongorora mari (zvinorumbidzwa neFATF)

Kugadzirwa kwegadziriro inorwisana nougandanga kwakavakwa pashure pe9/11 kwakashanda muutungamiriri hwamaoresa hwamaAl-Qaeda hunonyadzisa, asi kwakaparirawo zvinetso zvitsva. Kumuka kweISSIS, kwakatanga munyongano yeIraq Hondo, kwakaratidzira kuti kupindira kwehondo nebasa zvinogona kunyandura nhevedzano itsva yemagariro. Kushandisa kwounyanzvi kwemanyuko enhau kwakadeya kufananidzirawo rutivi runotevera rwekutangwa kwamagandanga.

Chikwata cheJihad: Kurwisa KwechiCyber, Kunyora Mashoko, uye Kuchinja Kwemashoko Pakombiyuta

Kugamuchirwa kwakapararira kweInternet nekurukurirano dzamakombiyuta kwakachinja zvikuru nzira iyo mapoka amagandanga anoronga nayo, kupinza, uye kudenha. Kuvamba munenge muna 2005, al-Qeda akavamba kushandiswa kwakaisvonaka kwemakombiyuta uye gare gare nzvimbo dzesociation. Asi yakanga iri ISSIS yakachinja paradzirwo yemitengo kuva chishandiso chenyika yose. Yakabudisa mavhidhiyo etsika dzakakwirira, akabudiswa magazini paIndaneti akafanana ne Dabiq, uye yakashandiswa kuisa mashoko akavanzika (TEGAMEGA, Whapp) kubatanidza nokukurukurirana navateveri munyika yose. Mano okubudisa “mapere mamwe akaenzana" kupfurikidza neaimote yema nekombiyuta.

Zvemagandanga zvechiSyriac Electronic Army .Cyber inomirira kuratidzwa kwetsika dzinoshandiswa. Kunyange zvazvo kurwisa kwakazara kweIndaneti kunoparira kuparadza kwomuviri kwave kusingawanzoitiki, mapoka akarangana negadziriro dzemarongerwo ezvinhu, masangano ezvemari, uye mapepa ehurumende. Muna 2013, mauto eMitemo yeSiriya yeElectronic Army(am yakadisc) yakarovererwa kuhurumende yeAssad Press Twitter nhauro yapanhau dzenhema dzekudenha shopu paWhite House, kuputsa , kudimbura shopu. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, kudenha nokurambwa kwe-service kwaves kwaves kwavessssss dzinobvira kuti zvikwanidzoro zvezvirongwa zvenguva yemberi zvemagandanga. [[FLT:]

  • Kuchinja [ kupfurikidza nesociation, toums, uye mikoto yakacherwa
  • [ Kupfimbwa kwekurukurirano kunoshandiswa kuronga denho dzisingagoni kusvikwa nemitemo
  • Yakagadzirwa nokuda kweparadziro, kupinza, uye kuisa mari (umh., mipiro yeBitcoin)
  • Kurwisa kweCyber panzvimbo dzinoda kugadzirirwa (magiramu, mamichina emvura, kudzora kufamba kwemhepo)
  • Kunetsa uye kunetswa[ kwevashandi vanochengetedza uye vatori venhau

Kurwisa Kunoita Madhigirii

  • Chisiko che mirairo [ mukati memasangano ehondo neouchenjeri (U.S. CYBERCOM, UK’S
  • Kuwana nokubvisa magandanga ari mukati nokudzidza (chirevo, Internet yeNyika Yose Kurwisa Ugandanga)
  • Kushanda pamwe namakambani ezvoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kuti avhime ndokubvisa nhau dzengozi
  • Zvikarakadzo zvokunyepera (zvinotenderwa uye zvinoramba zvikuru navatsigiri verusununguko rwehurumende)
  • Kushandiswa kwe open-source ungwaru (OSINT) kuongorora pachena zvirimo zvinowanika

Uyu mutambo wekatsi-mouse unoratidza kuti hauna chiratidzo chokunonoka. Mapoka amagandanga akabvumikisa kuva nyanzvi pakutamira kuzvikuva zvitsva(kuvambira paFacebook kuenda kuTelegram kuKurasa uye kunyange vashandiri vanoridza tsvina) kana chimwe chikuva chikavhunduka. Ukuru hwezviri mukati meIndaneti zvinoita kuti kuongorora vanhu kusava kwemasangano echengeteko kutowedzera kunetsa mamiriro ezvinhu echiito chokuzvishandira, izvo zvinotowedzerawo zvinetso nengozi dzemhoshoro yemitemo yemitemo.

Kutyisidzira Kwechipfuyo Choga Nedenho Dzechinodzivirira Zvine Simbi

Muma2010 uye kupfuura, muitiro unoshamisa wave uri kukwira kwe “mhumhi imwe” inodenha vanhu paIndaneti asi ichiita nenzira yakazvimirira kurayira kupi nokupi. Vatsotsi ava vanoshandisa zvombo zviduku, zvinodzikira zvishoma, mapanga, kana kuti matemo. Zvinenge zvisingabviri kuziva kana kuti kudzivisa. 2016 Bastille Day muNicaea, France, umo rori yakarima vanhu 86, wakanga uri muenzaniso wakaoma. Kurwisa kwakafanana kwakaitika muBerlin (206), London (2017), uye New York City (2017).

Kudenha kwoga kunopa denho yechienzi nokuda kwougandanga. Kunoda kuronga kuduku, kushandisa zvinhu zvezuva riri rose, uye kusiya zvisaririra zviduku zvemasangano akangwara kuti azive. Vavhozheri vanowanzozivikanwa kumutemo nokuda kwoutsotsi huduku kana kuti mamiriro outano hwendangariro, asi havawirirani nezvinokosha zvebasa regandanga. Masero naizvozvo akachinjirwa kukuita kwemitoo yakavakirwa panzanga: kukurudzira kushuma mufambiro unonyumwira, unobatanidza mabasa enzanga, uye kushandisa mapurogiramu okuvandudza. kuvaka purofiti pamwero yomunzvimbomo zvino inozivikanwa sechinhu chinovarira pakudzivirira.

Mazano Okushandisa Zvipfuyo Zviri Zvimwe

  • denho dzinowedzera [ munzvimbo dzine vanhu vanofamba netsoka vakazara
  • [ denho dzeKnife muzvifambiso zvavose kana kuti maruwa okutenga
  • Arson uye zvigadzirwa zvokuputika zvakagadzirwa kubva mumakemikoro omumba
  • Kupfura [ nepfuti dzinowanwa pamutemo (mutoo, 2019 kupfura kwomusikititi waKristu)

Mipimo Yokudzivisa Yakavakirwa Panzanga

  • [“ Ona chimwe chinhu, taura chimwe chinhu”[ nhimbe dzokuzivisa vanhu
  • Nzvimbo dzokunzvera tyisidziro dzakawanda dzinobatanidza mapurisa, mabasa enzanga, uye nyanzvi dzoutano hwendangariro
  • Gadziriro yokuderedza nokubvisa (muchib., purogiramu yeAlder Hey muUK, purogiramu yeHayat muSaudi Arabia)
  • Kushandiswa kwe jasi retyisidziro (BTA) kuzivisa zviratidzo zviri kuwedzera zvechisimba
  • Kupindira muruwa (mabhollard, mhinganidzo, zviteshi zvechengeteko) kuti zviomese nharaunda dzavose

Paralf paradigm iri yoga yakamanikidzira kurangarirazve ugandanga hunodzivisa: kubva kumuenzaniso mukuru wenjere nehondo kusvikira kunzira yokushandisa yezvoungwaru inobatanidza utano hwavanhu, dzidzo, uye kurongeka kweguta. Asi kupararira kwetyisidziro yacho kunovimbisa kuti hapana gadziriro imwe inogona kugovera chengeteko yakakwana.

Zvinetso Zvomunguva Yemberi: Uchenjeri Hwokugadzira, Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu Zvipenyu, uye Kutyisidzira KweCBRN

Kutarira mberi, nharaunda mbiri sezvingabvira dzicharondedzera rutivi runotevera rwekugadzirwa kwemagandanga: zvombo zvemakemikoro, zvemichina, zveradiology, uye zvenyukireya (CBRN), uye kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwouchenjeri hwokuisira (II), nepo CBRN yakaedzwa (zvikurukurukurukuru Tokyo sarini gasi rinorwisa nokurwisa kwechiCRIS shiryo). Zvisinei, kufambira mberi muzvinhu zvesayenzi yemakemikoro, zivo yakazarukira, uye masangano okupa zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvingaderedza mhinganidzo. Kuparadza kwechigadzirwa kwegadziro kwegasi kwechiCRIS[FLT] , somuenzaniso, sezvinofungidzirwa kungagona kuita kuti kugadzirwa kwemajeri. Contectives colution idzo idzo dzoumbiso dzinodzora kunzvera, kunzvera zvinhu zvemarudzi ose, uye kupfumisa.

AI inopa zvose zviri zviviri tyisidziro neNhano inotsiva. Mapoka amagandanga anogona kushandisa magenerative AI kugadzira majekiseni anopwisa espending nokuda kwokubvisa mashoko, mabot okutsvaka kukurukurirana, kana kuti kuvandudza kusanangurwa. Madhoroma anozvitonga akashongedzwa nezvimbambaira chiitiko chaichoi chegumi rinotevera. Parutivi rwekudzivirira, gadziriro dzokuongorora dzinoshanda nesimba reAIIA anogona kunzvera uwandu hukuru hwemashoko kuti aone tyisidziro dzinomuka, kunzvera mashandire, kuongorora mashandiro, uye mitemo inotemwa. Asi kunetseka pamusoro pokuongorora kukuru, tsvuka, uye zvinhu zvenhema zvinoramba zvisingagadziriki.

Vatengesi Vane Ngozi Vari Kuwedzera

  • AI-genated process uye mavhidhiyo akadzika anonyandura
  • Zvombo zvinozvitonga (madhiropu, marobhoti evhu) anoshandiswa nevatambi vasiri venyika
  • denho dzebiology [ ichishandisa majini eutachiona
  • Kurwisa kwomuviri kunobata gadziriro dzokudzora maindasitiri (mutoo, zvinorapa mvura, magirazi emagetsi)
  • Quantum comting inobvira kuputsa kunyorwa kwazvino uno kwoupedo, ichifumura kurukurirano dzinorwisana namagandanga

Mipimo Yokudzivisa Yenguva Yemberi

  • Kukura kwe AI-driven tyisidziro [ nokuda kwokunzvera chaiko kwenguva yepaIndaneti namashoko emifungo
  • Zvibvumirano zvenyika dzakawanda zvinoganhurira zvombo zvinozvitonga munharaunda dzisiri dzehondo
  • Kuchengetedza zvinhu zvipenyu uye kuongorora kuviri kwakaitwa (chikonzero, Chibvumirano Chezvombo Zvoutachiona)
  • Kuiswa mu post-quantom cyptography kudzivirira mashoko anotapurika
  • Kubatana kwevanhu voga nokuda kwemitemo yokuchengeteka yeAl uye kukwanisa kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kunenge kuchiitika

Nzanga yakangwara iri kutonzvera iyi miganhu. Nokuda kwamashoko akadzama paAl nechengeteko, Nhlangano yakabudisa nzvero huru pamusoro pengozi dzeII muchengeteko yorudzi. Nenzira yakafanana, Mitemo inogovera kunzvera pamusoro pomuitiro wedzo yehondo netyisidziro dzinomuka, kubatanidza denho dzedenho dzekudenha kwoga kworudzi rwenyika nerekivhi. Nokuda kwemiitiro yemiitiro yetsika yougandanga, [[FLT]] Grogit) Comment Crogitism (GD)[FLD] inochengetwa neHAMBIro yemite yeMaryland ichinhu chinobvumwa.

mhedziso

Kushanduka kwamazano amagandanga hakusati kuri kufambira mberi kwemitsetse asi kuchinjika kunopfuurira kwemamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika anochinja, mikana yeruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uye mativi anodzivisa. Kuvambira pakuuraya kwougandanga kwezana ramakore rechi 19 kusvikira kumibatanidzwa yakavanzika ye21, nhambo imwe neimwe yakaona mapoka achichinja kukurira dziviriro nedziviriro dzinodavirwa. Kutenderera hakuna zviratidzo zvokuguma. SeAI, biotech, uye quantamu, chizvarwa chinotevera chezvose zviri zviviri tyisidziro nezvinopesana zvingava zvakaoma zvikuru, zvinodavirika, uye zvinozivikanwa munyika yose.

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi navadzidzi, chinhu chikuru ndechokuti ugandanga hunodzivisa hahusi mubatanidzwa unowirirana wezivo asi ibasa guru rinoda kudzidza nguva dzose, batira pamwe yamarudzi ose, uye kungwarira kwetsika. Denho iri musati mungori bedzi mukuwirirana namazano anobva mumiitiro asi mukuita kudaro pasina kurega rusununguko nemipimo izvo nzanga dzinotsvaka kudzivirira. Kunzwisisa iyi nhau haisati iri bedzi dzidzo yakakwana − kuri kugadzirira kunokosha nokuda kwedenho dzechengeteko dzenguva yemberi.