Kutanga: Basa Rokushandisa Kubatsira Vokune Imwe Nyika Mune Zvematongerwe Enyika

yamuro yokunze inomirira kuyerera kukuru kwezviwanikwa zvinobva kuhurumende dzinopa mari, masangano akawanda, uye nheyo dzakavanzika kunyika dzichiri kubudirira. Mu2023 moga, budiriro yehurumende inobva kunyika dzeOECD yakasvika pazvinofungidzirwa kuva mabhiriyoni $240. Zvinangwa zveyamuro iyi zvinovambira pakuderera kwourombo nevandudziko dzoutano kupfuudzo yemasangano ehurumende. Kunyange zvakadaro, chimwe chezvinhu zvinotemwanwa zvikurusa zveyamuro yokumwe nyika isimba panzvimbo yenyika dzinogamuchirwa. Kusimba kwezvamatongerwe enyika (jeri) kwakajeka sokusavapo kwerwisano yamasimba masimba, kudzora kusingachinji, uye kudzoreki kwetsika kwetsika dzesangano (* idiro yebudiriro yebudiriro inotsigirwa neteraniso yezvokudzora. Kunyange zvakadaro, ukama pakati peyamuyamuyamuyamuro nedzikamo yehurumende dzinoshanda munyika dzose.

Mirangariro Yakakomba Pamusoro Pebetsero Nokugadzikana

Nyanzvi navanachiremba vakasimudzira gadziriro dzinoverengeka kuti vanzwisise kuti yamuro yokumwe inobatana sei namasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika. “kudzora kwakanaka kwamagamuchidzanwa” kunopa nharo kuti yamuro inosimbisa masangano, inosimudzira kuoneka, uye inoderedza zvichemo zvinonyandura kusagadzikana kwepetutsa. Mukupesana,“ upfumi hwezvamatongerwe enyika” hunonyevera kuti yamuro inogona kuparira kurudziro dzakashata, zviremera zvakashata, uye inonetesa chibvumirano chenzanga pakati pavagari vemo nehurumende. Maonero echitatu, anotangira mufundo dzerwisano, anokarakadza kuti yamuro inogona kubhadhara nokusawirirana namapoka ane zvombo kana kuti kusawirirana kwedzinza apo pfuma inoparadzirwa nenzira isina kufanira. Idzi rondedzero dzinopikisa kudikanwa nokuda kwechirongwa chakarongwa chinorangarira mugariro wenyika, kuyamura, uye zvikarakadzo zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvevose vanopa.

Budiriro Yacho Inopesana

Boka rinokura renzvero rinowana fanano pakati peyamuro dzokunze nemhindu dzemusikirwo. Sezvo mafuta kana kuti zvichero zvichigona kunyandura uori, udzvinyiriri, uye rwisano .Inji inozivikanwa se “chinotukwa chenyika” (jeni, chikuru, yamuro inofanotemwa ingaparira simba rakafanana. Aid inogona kuva manyuko e“ mari isingazivikanwi" nokuda kwehurumende, kuderedza kuzvidavirira kwavo kuvagari vemo uye kuderedza zvikarakadzo zvemari inopindwa. Manyika anotsamira zvikuru payamuro angawana simba rehurumende risina kusimba munguva refu, nemhaka yokuti vatungamiriri havadi kukurukurirana nemitero kana kuti kuvakira tsigiro yakafara. Ikoku kunogona kuwedzera nenzira inopesana kuderera kuderera kwokusadzika kwezvamatongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru apo yamuro inodzorwa inodzorwa nokukurumidza kana kuti inopiwa.

Kubatsira Kwakanaka Kwokumwe Kurwisa Kubatana Kwematongerwe Enyika

Kubatsira kwacho kwakasiyana - siyana: Kunobatsira kunogona kutsigira mabasa anodiwa nevanhu, kusimbisa masangano anozvimirira, kutsigira kugadzirisa kusawirirana, uye kuita kuti pave nemikana yezveupfumi inoderedza kufarirwa kwechisimba.

Kusimbisa Utachiona hweHurumende uye Basa Rinoitwa Nevanhu Vose

Imwe yenzira dzakajeka zvikurusa dzinosimudzira nayo kuterama iri kupfurikidza nokugonesa hurumende kupa mabasa makuru. Dzidzo, tarisiro youtano, mvura, utsanana, uye magetsi zvinonetsa nokuda kwegarikano yavanhu. Apo aya mabasa anenge asipo kana kuti achikundikana, vanhu vanopera nokuramba vachiwedzera. Somuenzaniso, gadziriro dzoutano dzeyamuro muAfrica iri pasi peSaharan dzakabetsera kuderedza zvikuru kuderera kukuru kwokufa kwavana uye kupararira kwehosha dzakadai seHIV/AIDS nemarariya. Zvibudirire izvi zvinosimudzira kuvimba navanhu vose muhurumende uye zvinoderedza kusawirirana kwenzanganiswa kwenzanga. Nenzira yakafanana, zvirongwa zvinotsigirwa nezvipo zvokupa , zviteshi, magirabhurori okuwedzera kukura kwezve kwezve zvoupfumi uye mabasa, zvinowedzera kuderera kuderera kwemitengo.

Kupfuura kupiwa kwebasa, yamuro inowanzobatanidza betsero yebasa kuvandudza urongwa hwehurumende. Kurovedza vabatiri vehurumende, tsigiro nokuda kwokuva nemari inoshandiswa, uye betsero mukuronga gadziriro dzemitero inoshanda inogona kuvandudza simba rehurumende. Mugadziriro dzapashure pekuzvidira seRwanda neLiberia, kuvaka kwesangano rinotsigirwa nesangano kwakabetsera kudzorerazve mutemo uye kuvakazve chivimbo mumasangano enyika. Nepo fambiro mberi yave isina kuenzana, mienzaniso iyi inoratidzira kuti yamuro inosanosanoteverwa inogona kusimbisa masangano amene anodzikamisa kusimba.

Kudzivirira Kwakarwisana Nokuvaka Rugare

yamuro yokunze inoita basa rakatanhamara mukuvaka rugare nokudzivisa rwisano. Vadzori vanotsigira kukanda zvombo pasi, kuderedza mamiriro ezvinhu, uye kudzorwazve kwevaichimbova varwi, kutsigira chokwadi negadziriro dzeyananiso, uye nhungamiro dzemari dzenzanga. MuNepal, somuenzaniso, yamuro inobva kuChibatanwa chaMarudzi uye vakwanyina vemibatanidzwa yezvibvumirano zvezvibvumirano zvezvibvumirano zvinobatanidza mari dzinobatsira kutsigira mamiriro ezvinhu orugare pashure pehondo yavagari vemo yamakore gumi, kubatanidza kumira kwemoto uye kudzoserazve varwi veMayoist. MuColombia, yamuro yamarudzi ose yakatsigira kukuramaruwa uye kugadziriswa kwenyika munharaunda dzakatapukudzorwa kwenguva refu. Kupindira uku kunogona kuderedza zvakananga ngozi yokudzoka kwechisimba uye kuita mamiriro ezvinhu ezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kutsigira Kutonga Kwehurumende Nekodzero Dzevanhu

Masangano akawanda anopa anovavarira zvakajeka kusimudzira udzori hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu senzira yokuterama. Aid inogona kutsigira sarudzo, kusimbisa masangano emitemo nemitemo, kutsigira masangano enzanga, uye kusimudzira rusununguko rwezvinobudisa nhau. Munyika dzine chinjo dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi kuhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Akadai seGhana neKenya(aid) yakabetsera masangano ezvokusarudza uye kuvaka simba rokuita kuti pave norugare. Apo kusarudzo dzinoda kunoitwa uye migumisiro inoremekedzwa, makwikwikwi ezvematongerwe enyika anopinzwa mumiitiro isina masimba masimba. Ruyamuro runotsigira kutarisirwa kutongwa kwekodzero dzavanhu uye yamuro yepamutemo zvinogonawo kuderedza zvitsamwisa zvingaita kuti zvipfuure. mamiriro okuwedzera kufambidzano dzerugare, anenge aratidza kubudirira nokubudirira mukuwedzera kuyamura ezvematongerw ezvematongerwe enyika.

Ngozi Nemigumisiro Yakashata Yeyamuro Yokumwe

Ngozi huru dzinosanganisira kutanga kuvimba neyamuro, kupfuudzira uori, kuita kuti pave nokubatana kwehurumende dzinodzvinyirira, uye kugadzirisa kurwisana kusingadiwi.

Kubetsera uye Kuzvidavirira Kusina Kusimba

Munyika umo yamuro inoumba mugove mukuru webhajeti renyika yose (padzimwe nguva inodarika 50% yemari inotengwa nehurumende. Varevereri vangada zvishoma kuvagari vemo. Vabhadhari vemari vanoraira zvikuru kuitwa kwehurumende kupfuura vagamuchiri vezvipo zvokunze. Apo hurumende dzinowana mari yakawanda mumanyuko okunze, dzinogona kufuratira zvishoro zvemhuri uye kushora pasina kutya kudzorwa kwemibatanidzwa yehurumende. Iyi simba yave ichicherekedzwa munyika dzinobetsera mupasi peAfrica neCentral Asia. Somuenzaniso, muEthiopia pasi perwisano yeTigray, mikana mikuru yeyamuro haina kudzivisa hurumende kubvisa rusununguko rwavagari vemo kana kuti kudzorwa. Panzvimbo pezvo, yakagovera mari iyo inogonesa nyika kuchengetedza nyika inovakwa pasina kudzorwa kwakapararira.

Uori Nokutadza Kutarisira Zvinhu

Kufamba kukuru kweyamuro kunogona kuparira mikana youshati, zvikurukuru apo gadziriro dzokutarisira dzakaneta. Vakuru vakuru vangatsausa mari, zvibvumirano zvokuyamura kudzimba, kana kuti kushandisa mari kuti vavake mibatanidzwa yokutsigira. Ikoku hakusati kuri tsvina bedzi asi kushatawo chivimbo mumasangano avose. Apo vagari vemo vanoona kuti yamuro iri kupfuudzira vakaropafadzwa vashoma, pfundero inogona kukura nokuramba kuiswa mafuta. Munyika dzakadai seAfghanistan naSouth Sudan, yamuro huru mumibato inowirirana noushatindiva hwakapararira uye yakapa govera kudzodzo kuruwa rwemari. Chidzidzo cheWorld Bank chakawana kuti zvirongwa zveyamuro zvinobudirira zvikuru munyika nechekero dzakasimba; yamuro yavo; yamuro inogona kushatisa zvomenemene kushata. Kubvisa njodzi iyi, kubvisa njodzi dzinowedzera kudzora bhiza kuti zvitooke, asi chikaro chinoramba chitoko.

Kunyengera Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Neitiro hanya Dzouchangamire

Yamuro dzokunze hadzitongorina kutsigira chose chose. Vadzori vanowanzoronda fariro dzemubatanidzwa wezvokutengeserana, mikana yezvokutengeserana, kana kuti pesvedzero yepfungwa dzenyika. Idzo dzingashatisa zvamatongerwe enyika enyika. Ruyamuro rungaendeswa kuvatungamiriri vanodiwa kana kuti mapoka, ruchivadzivirira pakuzvidavirira kana kuti kupa mari yokudzvinyirira. Nhau yeHondo yeShona inopa mienzaniso yakawanda apo kuyamura kwoudzo yesimba gurusa kunoiswa mutsinhano yekuvimbika, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji pamutengo wedzikamo yenhambo yenhambo yenhambo yenyika. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, yamuro inobva kunyika dzakadai seChina neRussia yakashorwa nokuda kwokutsigira hurumende pasina kudzora. Apo yamuro inova inonyandura nyika yezvokudzorwa kwechibvumirano chezvamatongerwe enyika mukudzorwa kwetsika, tsigiro yenzanga yenze kweboka renyika renyika. Munyika nenyika dzinova neboka rimwe renyika dzinova neboka renyika dzinova dzinova dzinova dzinova dzinotyisidzira kutyisidzira kurwisana nedzimwe rwisa.

Kuwedzera Kukakavadzana Kwemadzinza Nekwenharaunda

Kuparadzirwa kweyamuro ndekwemuzvarirwo. Zvisarudzo pamusoro pokuvakwa kwezvikoro, makiriniki, kana kuti migwagwa zvinogona kubetsera dzimwe nzvimbo kana kuti mapoka emadzinza pane dzimwe. Munzanga dzakakamukana, ikoku kunogona kukudza kuvadziko dziripo nokunyandura zvigumbu. Somuenzaniso, muKenya, yamuro dzinogoverwa kunzvimbo dzinodzorwa neboka rimwe redzinza rakawedzerwa mirangariro yefungira mano akaipa uye yakaparira kusawirirana kwakamuka mumasimba masimba pashure pekusarudza kwa 2007. Nenzira yakafanana, muEast Democratic Republic yeCongo, yamuro yamarudzi ose yakasimbisa mapoka ane zvombo nokugovera kana kuti mitero. Donorss azova anoziva zvikuru ngozi idzi uye zvino mufambiro werwisano yemajambwa, asi anoramba ari asina kukwana.

Uchapupu Hwokushandisa: Apo Yamuro Inoshanda uye Apo Inodzorera Mwoto

Nzvero dzenhau nenzvero dzequanta zvinopa ufakazi hwakavhengana. 2020 meta-alyse yefundo 38 payamuro nerwisano dzakawana kuti, paavhareji, yamuro inoderedza bviro yerwisano(apose) asi muuyo unotsamira pamashoko akapoteredza. Munyika dzine mavara makuru esangano, yamuro inoderedza nguva dzose ngozi. Mumhoteredzo dzine utera hwakaneta, zvisinei, yamuro ingawedzera ngozi yerwisano yakaderera, zvikurukuru mukati mamakore mashomanene epurogiramu. Ruyamurowo: yamuro runopfuudzwa kupfurikidza namasangano asina kuganhuriro (NGO) inowirirana neyakashatapukwa yakashata kupfuura mutengo yemari inogoverwa zvakananga kuhurumende.

Muenzaniso Wakanaka: Chiuru Chemakore Chinodenha Kokorodzano

Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) inoenzanisira mutoo wokupa uyo mubatanidzwa unoyamura kukunatsiridzwa kwehurumende kunoenzana. Nyika dzinofanira kusangana nezviratidzo munharaunda dzakadai sokudzorwa kwouori, kutongwa kwomutemo, uye maruramiro edemocracy kuti vakwanirise nokuda kwezvipo zvikuru. Kupfurikidza nokuronga betsero pakushanda kwesangano, MC inoderedza chinjo uye inoderedza ngozi iyo yamuro ichawedzera pesvedzero yakaipa. Munyika dzakadai seGhana ne El Salvador, MC Compates dzine marose masangano anotsigira zvivako zvokugadzirwa nokugadzirwa kwemipindudziko pamwe chete nokudzora, ichibetsera kugadziridza kuterano.

Muenzaniso Wakaipa: Aid muAfghanistan

MuAfghanistan, yamuro huru yamarudzi ose kubva muna 2001 kusvika muna 2021 yakakundikana kubudisa masangano akatsiga ezvamatongerwe enyika. Yakawanda yeyamuro yakapiwa kupfurikidza nezvivako zvakafanana zvinopfuura nyika, kuvamba upfumi huviri hwakanetesa maruramiro nesimba rehurumende yeAfghanistan. Uori hwakava hwakapararira, uye hurumende yaisagona kupa chengeteko kana kuti ruramisiro zvinobudirira. Apo nzanga yamarudzi ose yakaderera, Taliban nokukurumidza mauto ehurumende. Mhaka iyi inosimbisa kuti kana isati yadzikamiswa munzira yezvamatongerwe enyika, inogona sei kuderedza kugadzirwa kwehurumende nedzikamo refu yeGene62.

Miitiro Yokuderedza Kusagadzikana Inotapura Kubetsera

Vachifunga nezvezvinhu izvi zvakaoma, vagadziri vemitemo vakagadzira nzira dzokuwedzera nadzo kubatsira kunobatsira kugadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika asi vachideredza ngozi.

Simbisa Kuva Munhu Womunzvimbomo Nokuronga

Aid ine bviro huru yokubetsera kuterama apo inowirirana nezvinokosha nezvinorondedzerwa norudzi. Chibvumirano cheParis on Aid Effectiveness (2005) uye zvinotevera chinosimbisa kuva kwenyika, kutsinhirana pakati pavapi, uye kuzvidavirira. Apo hurumende dzinogamuchira dzinotungamirira kuumbwa kwegadziriro dzokuvandudza, yamuro inogona kugovera nhamburiko dzomumba panzvimbo pokushatisa zvikarakadzo. Mukushanda, ikoku kunoreva kushandisa masangano ehurumende nokuda kwokupayamura, kunyange nokusakwana kwadzo, kuvaka simba nokuzvimirira panzvimbo pokuita zvivako zvakafanana.

Kuchengetedza Zvinhu Mumisangano Yakasimba Nokutarisira

Kuvaka mahofisi anotarisira akasimba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kushandisa Mitoo Yokugamuchira Mikana Yokusawirirana

Purogiramu yeyamuro iri yose inofanira kuongororwa nokuda kwezvinoda kurwisana. Kupesana kunotapurwa kunobatanidza kunzwisisa upfumi hwezvamatongerwe enyika hwomunharaunda, kubvunza vapangi vakasiyana - siyana, uye kutarira miuyo isingarongwi. Ikoku kunobatanidza kudzivisa yamuro iyo inobetsera mapoka ane zvombo, kuparadzira zviwanikwa nenzira inowirirana munzvimbo dzose, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvinangwa zvokuvaka rugare zvinobatanidzwa muzvikamu zvose /_haingova izvo zvinonyorwa zvakajeka se “Kuvaka rugare..". Vapi vanoverengeka, kubatanidza United Kingdom’s Foreignlden, Commonweal & Development Office, vakagamuchira rwisanomes rePreciencessssss renyika dzinoshainde.

Usanyanya Kuvimba Neyamuro Zvishoma Nezvishoma

Kudzikama kwenhambo refu kunoda kuenda kumarongedzero emari anoshandiswa pakuzvibetsera. Aid inogona kutsigira kugadziridzwa kwomutero nokurongwa kwemitero. Somuenzaniso, zvirongwa zvinobetsera nyika kusimbisa kuunganidzwa kwomutero uye kuderedza upfumi hwemasanga zvinoderedza kugoverana kwemari mubhajeti uye kuwedzera kuzvidavirira kwehurumende kuvagari vemo. Zvingangofanana, kuderedzwa kwakajeka muyamuro kudarika kutoitika. (8) Kupa hurumende nguva yokuchinja nokugadzira zvimwe zvinhu. “tsigiro chemari inoteshingisa upfumi hweEurope" zvino inowanzobatanidza zviratiro zvine chokuita nokuwana mari yemari inotambirwa kuchizvarwa cheimba.

Yakarongwa pakati pavapinziri

Yamuro dzakaganhurirwa, dzisingachinjiki dzinogona kukurira hurumende dzinogamuchira ndokuparira makopi kana kuti zvikarakadzo zvinopesana. Basa rakabatanidzwa retsinga, rakagoverana miuyo, uye gadziriro dzemari dzinobatanidzwa (zvakadai seGlobal Fund to Frieme, TB neMalaria) inoderedza ndyiko dzebhizimisi uye zvinowirirana nhamburiko dziri seri kwezvinangwa zvakafanana. Kusvika kwakabatana kunokosha zvikuru munyika dzisina kusimba, umo vapi vakawanda vangava vachishanda payambukanisa zvinangwa. The New Deact for Concementation in Fralize States, inotsigirwa neOECD, inoraira ngwariro pakuvakwa norugare uye zvinangwa zvehurumende zvinobvumiranwa nehurumende dzenyika.

Mugumisiro: Kutakura Mabhizimisi

Yamuro yokunze chishandiso chine simba asi chisina kukwana chokuvandudza kuterama kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Miuyo yacho inotsamira zvikuru pamamiriro ezvinhu ezvamatongerwe enyika nesangano enyika inogamuchirwa, mitoo yokupa yamuro, uye wirirano yebvumirano yomupi. Apo inoshandiswa kusimbisa masangano anozvidavirira, kupa mabasa anokosha, uye tsigiro inobatanidza rugare, yamuro inogona kuva simba rinokasha. Zvisinei, apo inoparira uori, inotsigira hurumende dzisingaverengeki, kana kuti inoshatisa kurudziro dzezvamatongerwe enyika, inogona kukanganisa kudzikamisa kudzikama kwadzikwa kwadziri kusimudzira.

Ufakazi hunonongedzera kumishonga yakapfava asi inodenha: yamuro inofanira kuva muchirongwa chikuru icho chinobatanidza uchangamire, chinovaka nzvimbo, uye chinochinjira kuzvinhu zvomunzvimbomo. Chivimbo chizere kana kuti kutsoropodza hazvibvumiki. Panzvimbo pezvo, ufakazi hwokungwarira hunozivikanwa nokudzidza nokugadziridza kunopfuurira () hunogovera nzira yakanakisisa yokuita kuti yamuro yokumwe igova nokutsiga kwezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo pokuideredza.

  • Key inoenda: Aid inoshanda zvakanakisisa apo inosimbisa kuzvidavirira kwomunzvimbomo uye inovaka simba rehurumende.
  • Keyi yengozi: Yamuro isingachinjiki kana kuti isina kudzorwa zvakanaka inogona kuisa ushati hwetsika ndokunetesa chibvumirano chenzanga.
  • Kumberi: Vapi navagamuchiri vanofanira kuisa pamwe chete mukuona, kunetsa kwerwisano, uye chizvarwa chemari yomumba.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, ona Hurumende yeNyika yose neInstitutions , OECD’s Fragile States inoshuma [[, uye United Nations’s Foastment Fund yoRugare [[FLT:]].