Chibvumirano Chakanaka CheChishanu: Nheyo Dzorugare

Good Founder Agreement, yakasainwa pana 10 April 1998, inomira seimwe yenziyo dzorugare runokosha zvikurusa dzezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri. Yakaguma namakumi matatu amakore emasimba masimba esekete anozivikanwa seMatambudziko, ayo akanga auraya vanhu 3 500. Chibvumirano chacho chakagadza hurumende inotonga muNorthern Ireland, masangano ezvokuyambuka pakati peNorth neSouthern Ireland, uye chirongwa cheEast neWest chinenge chiri pakati peUnited Kingdom neRepublic yeIreland. Crucily, chakabatanidza nheyo yebvumirano: Northern Ireland yaizoramba iri rutivi rweUniverland kunze kwokuvhovesaruzhinji. Muganhuro usingaonekwi pakati peNorthern neIreland neRiphabliki yeIrland yakava muganhu womuviri weiyi nguva itsva nebatira pamwe chete.

Chibvumirano chacho chakavakirwa pakuzivikanwa kwamagamuchidzanwa makuru maviri muNorthern Ireland: vabatanidzwa (vanozivisa seBritain) navagari vomunyika (vanozivisa seIreland). Chakaparira gadziriro dzakaoma dzemasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika akarongedzerwa kuvimbisa kuti nzanga dzose dziri mbiri dzingagona kudzora pamwe chete. Pamwoyo yavo pakanga pane musengwa wokuti mapoka ose aizoshandisa mitoo mikuru yemagariro yehurumende neyezvematongerwe enyika kupedza misiyano. Kwamakore anopfuura makumi maviri, Good Wearth Agreement yakagovera nheyo yakasimba yemitemo iyo yakabvumira Northern Ireland kufambira mberi, kukwezva bhizimisi, kuvaka, uye kuporesa maronda makuru emagariro.

Brexit: Kurohwa neSystem

Vhoti ya192016 yeUnited Kingdom yakachinja zvikuru mashoko akapoteredza umo Dare reEurope reChishanu rakashanda. Nemhaka yokuti zvose zviri zviviri UK neIreland zvakanga zviri mitezo yeEU, muganhu pakati peNorthern Ireland neRiphabliki yeIreland wakanga uri muganhu weEU, usingadi kuongororwa kwetsika kana kuti zvishandiso zvemuviri. Brexit yakatyisidzira kuchinja mutsetse iwoyo usingaoneki kuti uve mubatanidzwa wokunze weEU, ichikwidza kurangarirwa kwemuganhu wakaoma waigona kumutsa kunetsa uye kuvhiringidza rugare rwakaderera rwaiva muitiro.

Brexit haana kungodenha bedzi wirirano yezvokutengeserana; yakarovanya nokubvumirana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakakomba kwakaparira mutoo worugare. Vatongi veEU vairangarira kuva mitezo sevimbiso yekodzero nokuva norukudzo, nepo vabatanidzwa vazhinji vakaona Brexit sebanza rokusimbisa uchangamire hweUK. Muuyo wakanga uri gakava rokuti mapoka ekare akavhurwazve. Nheyo yokubvumira yakadzivirirwa nokungwarira muGoondw Wearver Agreement / zvino yakanga yava kuedzwa nevhota yeUK mupasi rose kuti Northern Ireland yakanga isina kutsigira (56% Shota).

Denho Yokubvuma

Chikamu 1 cheGood Frive Augnesment chinotaura kuti mugariro webumbiro remitemo weNorthern Ireland unogona kuchinja bedzi nokubvumira vanhu vayo. Bva Brexit, iyo yakachinja ukama hwebumbiro remitemo pakati peNorthern Ireland neRiphabliki yeIreland (sezvo zvokupedzisira zvakasara muEU), wakanga usati uri pasi pegadziriro chaiyo yokubvumirana yeNorthern Ireland. Ikoku kwakaparira kuperevedza kwehurumende uko vatsoropodzi vakaredzera kusekesa mudzimu weChibvumirano. Chisarudzo cheUK chokusiya EU pasina chigadziro chakaitwa Northern Ireland chinoisa rugare pasi pedzvinyiriro isingaenzaniswi.

Muganhu: Kubva Pakusaoneka Kuenda Kukugutsikana

Hapana chinyorwa chinoenzanisira zvikuru simba reBreet kupfuura muganhu pakati peNorthern Ireland neIreland. Chibvumirano chaGood Chishanu chakaita nongedzero yakajeka kukubviswa kwenzvimbo dzose dzokuchengetera pamuganhu. Mumakore akatevera, nharirire dzakabviswa, nzvimbo dzokunzvera dzakanyangarika, uye migwagwa yomumuchinjikwa yakavhurika. Vanhu nezvitoro zvakafamba zvakasununguka, zvichibatanidza upfumi hwemo nenzanga. Muganhu wacho wakava murangariro usiri wechokwadi nokuda kwavagari vemo vazhinjisa, uchibvumira mhuri kutenga, kushanda, uye kushandirana parutivi rumwe norumwe rusina mhinganidzo.

Breut inomanikidzira vapfumi kutarisana nomubvunzo unokosha: UK ingagona sei kusiya mubatanidzwa mumwe womusika netsika weEU ichiri kuchengeta muganhu weIreland wakazaruka? Kubva kumuganhu weIUC, muganhu wakazaruka waireva kuti hapana kudzorwa kwetsika, hapana nzvero dzepytosantaria, uye pasina kunyudzwazve. Pasina muganhu muIreland, EU yakada kuti Northern Ireland irambe iri mutsinhirano nemitemo yayo. Ichi chinetso chine mufungo chakatungamirira kukuumbwa kweNorthern Ireland Protocol.

Mutemo Wacho Wokuchamhembe kweIreland: Chigadzikiso Chakaedzwa

Mutemo weEU, wakaitwa sorutivi rweActal Active Activeaunt uye wakatanga kushanda pana 1 January 2021, wakaitirwa kudzivisa muganhu wakaoma pachitsuwa cheIreland kupfurikidza nokuchengeta nokuMadokero Ireland mumusika mumwe weEU achitenga zvinhu nokuibatanidza nemitemo yetsika dzeEU. Zvezvo, izvi zvakareva kuti tsika dzakatamisirwa kuIrish Sea, kugadzira de compos pakati peGreat Britain neNorthern Ireland.

Nzanga dzesangano reUnion Union dzakarangarira kuti Porototo yeNorthern Ireland yakaisa nzvimbo isingadzorwi: kuzviisa pasi pemirairo yakati yeEU pasina kuva nevhoti pairi, uye yakaparadzana neUK yose mumashoko ezvokutengeserana. Democratic Unionism Party (Dupu) yakabvisa Gurukota rayo rokutanga paMutungamiriri wesimba rinodzorwa mukutsutsutsumwa, achidzosa masangano eGood Wechishanu Active akanga agadzira. Nationalis, anoreva, anoreva, kuti chibvumirano chePrototikoso cheNorth chakaisvonaka chaiva munhevedzano yeEUSA neIreland.

Kuwa Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika: Misangano Inovhiringidzwa

Chibvumirano cheGood Chishanu chakagadza masangano matatu anobatana: Northern Ireland Assembly (Stormont), North-South Minister Council, uye British-Irish Interpreference Conference. Brexit, uye zvikurukuru Tragrative, yakaisa ose ari matatu mudzvinyiriro yakakomba. Gungano neGuta raVatungamiriri vaisagona kushanda pasina tsigiro inoyambuka, uye mukomana weDup yakareva kuti Northern Ireland ive isina hurumende yakaderedzwa kwamakore maviri (kuvambira muna February 2022 kusvikira muna February 2024).

Iri basa risingashandi rezvamatongerwe enyika rakakuvadza mabasa avose, kunonotsa kuita chisarudzo pautano, dzidzo, uye gadziriro, uye kukura kusavimba kwenzanga. Kushaikwa kweGuta reHurumende rinoshanda kwakarevawo kuti Northern Ireland yakanga isina inzwi mukurukurirano pamusoro pegadziriro dzayo amene dzokutengesa dzapashure peBrti. Pesvedzero yehurumende iyo vatsoropodzi vakanga vanyevera pamusoro pokuva chinhu chaichoicho: zvisarudzo zvinotapura mari yeNorthern Ireland noupenyu hwezuva nezuva zvakanga zvichiitwa muLondon neBrussel pasina mubatanidzwa womunzvimbomo.

Vanhu Nezvizivikanwo

Breexit yaidzorwa nekurukurirano pamusoro pezivikanwo muNorthern Ireland, iyo yakanga yanyaradzwa nokudzikamiswa kwokungwarira kwechibvumirano cheGood Chishanu cheBritain neIrish. Vabatanidzwa vazhinji vakarangarira kuti Mutemo wasekesa nzvimbo yeNorthern Ireland muUK, nepo varwi vazhinji vakairangarira senhano kukuvarazve kweIreland. Iyi mifungo yakasiana yakaparira nhamburiko itsva yakaoma kudzorera simba. Nheyo yebvumirano yokuremekedza yakava netyisidzirwa sezvo nzanga imwe neimwe yakadudzira Bret kupfurikidza nereko rayo imene.

Somuenzaniso, chinodikanwa cheProtocol kuti zvinhu zvinobva kuGreat Britain zvisvike mipimo yeEU chakaonekwa navabatanidzwa sekuputswa kweMabasa eUnion, nepo vagari vemo vakairamba kuti kwakanga kuri kubvumirana kworugare kuri madikanwa. Mutauro umene waishandiswa kurondedzera muganhu we(Irish Sea) kana kuti "muganhu weIride" wakava mutezo wezvitendero zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvakadzika zvikuru. Uku kuderera kwomutauro kwakasimbisa kuti Brexit yakanga yabvisazve nhau yokuti Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu chakanga chapedza budiriro.

Kunetsa Kwemari: Kutengesa Nokuisa Mutoro

Miuyo yezvemari yeBreits paNorthern Ireland yakaoma uye yakavhengana. Kune rumwe ruoko, Mutemo unopa Northern Ireland masvikire maviri akasiyana: inoramba iri mumisika yomukati yeUK uyewo mumisika imwe yeEU yezvinhu. Ikoku kwakakwezva kutengwa kwomukati, sezvo makambani enyika yose anoona Northern Ireland se "gateway" kumisika yose iri miviri. Kune rumwe rutivi, mabhizimisi anotarisana neimwe bhizimisi apo anotengesa neGreat Britain, uko kunoparira 60% yehwerengedzo yebhizimisi reNorthern Ireland. Customs, chekets, uye kukwira kwemikwidza kwapasi repulation refter Ireland yakakwira mari yakawedzera uye kutakura.

Mabhizimisi maduku neaduku, zvikurukuru, akarwisana nokusawirirana kutsva. Bikari yeCounty Tyrone iyo yaitumira zvinhu kumasupamaketi muGlasgow zvino inofanira kupedza magwaro okutumira kudzimwe nyika. Murimi anotumira mombe kuEngland anotarisana namapepa matsva. Iyi mitoro inoshanda inoderedza kubatana kwezvemari uko Good Friday Agreement yakakurudzira. Northfood yachinjawo: Kutengeswa kwemichinjikwa pakati peNorthern Ireland neIreland kwakawedzera chifo cheBrexit, sezvo mabhizimisi kumativi ose ari maviri anochinjirwa kumitemo yeEURO, neGreat Britain zvakaderera.

Chirongwa chenguva refu chezvemari chinoramba chisina chokwadi. Windsor Framework, yakabvumirana muna February 2023 pakati peUK neEU, yaivavarira kupfavisa kushanda kwePrototo kupfurikidza nokuderedza cheki dzezvinhu zvakarongwa kuNorthern Ireland bedzi, uye kupfurikidza nokupa masangano eNorthern Ireland inzwi guru zvikuru ("Strake"). Nepo basa reFrame rakataura zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshanda, harina kupedza kuoma kwemitemo. Kusagadzikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunoenderera mberi muNorthern Ireland kunodzivisa kuchengetedzwa kwenguva refu, sezvo kuva noukoshibyo zvirokwazvo kuri pamusoro pokusvika pakugona.

Kubatsira Kunoita Vanhu Nenzanga

Brexit yakatapurawo upenyu hwezuva riri rose hwavanhu muNorthern Ireland munzira dzinooneka zvishoma. Kubviswa kwenzvimbo yechengeteko, yaichimbova isina musoori, zvino kunononozeka panhambo nenhambo sezvo motokari dzinofamba pasina kurongwa. Vanhu vanogara mumiganhu yemiganhu, yakadai seNewry, Dundalk, kana kuti Derryändonderry, inoshuma pfungwa yakakura yemapoka. Kubviswa kwenzvimbo yechengeteko makore makumi maviri apfuura kwakanga kwave kuchichengetwa sechiratidzo chorugare; kudzorwa kwezvivako zvitsva zvemahombekombe nenzvimbo dzetsika, kunyange paGungwa reIreland, kwamutsidzirazve kuwirirana.

Masangano epwere nenzanga anovimba nemari inotsigirwa kubva muEU + . Yakadai sepurogiramu yeRugare(*) yakatarisana nokusava nechokwadi. Hurumende yeUK yakatsiva mari yeUUC yakatsiva UK Bitgate Provice Fund, asi pane funganyo pamusoro pokupfuurira kwenguva refu. Chiono cheGood Wear Actives chechikamu chakayananiswa chinotsamira murutivi pakushandira pamwe kwenzanga nezvemari muchitsuwa, uko Brexit yakaoma kunzwisisa.

Nguva Yemberi Inobvira: Zvikamu Zverugare Nokutsiga

Nguva yemberi yeChibvumirano cheGood Chishanu munyika yapashure peBrexit inotsamira pachido chezvamatongerwe enyika nokusimba kwesangano.

Muenzaniso Wokutanga: Kushanda Nemhepo

Kana Windsor Framework ichishanda semagadzirirwo, Chiremera cheNorthern Ireland chichadzorerwa uye zvinetso zvinoshanda zvePrototocol zvichapedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Nzvero pazvinhu zvinobva kuGreat Britain dzichava shoma, uye Stormont Brake ichapa vezvamatongerwe enyika vomunzvimbomo gadziriro yokuramba mitemo mitsva yeEU iyo ichava netapuro huru. Muchinoitika chino, masangano eGood Wewendiro yeChibvumirano chichavazve kushanda, kunyange zvazvo kusawirirana kwebumbiro remitemo kuchagarapo. Rugare ruchapfuurira, asi ukama pakati peNorthern Ireland nasara peUK hungachinjwa zvhinei.

Muenzaniso 2: Chibvumirano Chiri Kupera

Kana kupesana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kukaenderera mberi, masangano eGood Frinth Areact angapererwazve. Pasina hurumende inobvisa miganhu, zvisarudzo pamusoro penhau dzeNorthern Ireland zvinoitwa navafundisi veUK, zvichisekesa kuzvidavirira kwomunzvimbomo nebvumirano yokuyambuka. Ichi chinoitika chinoparira njodzi yokuvandika iyo ingagona kuzadzwa namapoka echiuto kana kuti manzwi anodenha. Ganhuriro akazaruka raizochengetwa, asi mudzimu webatira pamwe unoitsigira kukuvadziko inoderera.

Muenzaniso 3: Chinjo Yebumbiro remitemo

Brequit ine gakava rakakurumidzisa pamusoro pechiIrish kubatanidzwazve. Vatsigiri vezvourudzi vanotaura kuti Northern Ireland ichava iri nani mukati meEU, nepo vabatanidzwa vanotaura kuti chinzwano cheIreland chingaunza vhiringidziko yemari. Good Friver Augment inogovera gadziriro yapamutemo nokuda kwenzvero yomuganhu, asi Munyori weHurumende yeNorthern Ireland anofanira kudana kana zvichiratidzika kuva zvingaratidzika kuti vazhinji vangavhota kuti vatsigire kubatana. Kunzvera kwazvino uno hakuratidziri vazhinji nokuda kwechinjo, asi chiverengero chavagari veIreland vaduku nezvimiro zvaigona kuchinja muganhu iwoyo. Kunzvera muganhu kungava chinoitika chinoderedza muganhu kugona kunzvera muitiro worugare kusvikira kumiganhuro yawo.

Muenzaniso 4: Chibvumirano Chitsva

Vamwe vatsinhiri vanotaura kuti Good Friver Agred Agreement, nepo ine mbiri, ingada kugadziridzwa kuti iratidzire zvinhu chaizvoizvo zvapashure peBrexit. `UK-Ireland Tract' itsva' kana kuti zvakadzokororwa Tractiol Tractal inogona kuvaka ukama husingachinjiki hunoziva nzvimbo yakasiyana neyacho yoKuchamhembe kweIreland. Zvisinei, kutangazve gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo kungabvisa ngozi yokusangwarira yakaunza rugare. Kureva zvino, dzose dziri mbiri UK nehurumende dzeIrish dzinotsigira Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu sechirevo cherugare, kunyange sezvadzinokurukura gadziridzo.

Mugumisiro: Kugamuchirwa Kusingaperi Kwechibvumirano Chakanaka CheChishanu

Brexit akaedza Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu munzira idzo vagadziri varo vaisagona kuve vakakarira. muganhu wakazaruka, wakamborerutswa, zvino inhau inopomerwa mune zvematongerwe enyika. Simba rinopa simba, raichimbova muenzaniso wechisarudzo cherwisano, wakaparapatika kushanda mumhoteredzo itsva. Bva nheyo huru dzeChibvumirano ($_aibvumirwa, ruremekedzo, uye kushandiswa kwadzo kwemitoo ine rugare (jere) zvinoramba zviri madikanwa sezvisati zvamboitika.

Denho yavaiti vemitemo muLondon, Dublin, Brussels, neBelfast ndeyokuwana nzvimbo inogara nguva refu inoremekedza uchangamire hweUK neperero yeEU nepo ichichengeta dziviriro idzo Good Friver Augment inogovera. Paratition yeNorthern Ireland ne [FLT] Framem'swor zvinomirira kuedza kuita kudaro, asi hazvisi mhinduro dzokupedzisira. Muitiro worugare hausi chirangari chakasimba chakagadzwa asi muitiro mupenyu weIrlandland unoda ngwariro yenguva dzose nengwariro.

Pakupedzisira, Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu Chingava simba racho gurusa. Chakagadzirirwa kugovera zvishuvo zvakasiyana- siyana . British, Irish, uye Northern Ireland(uye kubvumira chinjo yomunguva yemberi pasina kutendeukira kumasimba masimba. Brexit yakabvumikisa kuti uku kuchinjika kunogona kuoma, asi kuti chibvumirano chinoramba chiripo bedzi pahwaro hunoshanda nokuda kwenguva yemberi ine rugare, demokratiki muNorthern Ireland. Sezvo vafundisi uye [FLT:] vaS [FLT] .[FLT]]