Good Frive Augnes (GFA), yakasainwa pana April 10, 1998, yakaratidzira nhambo yechinjo munhau yeNorthern Ireland, ichiguma namakumi matatu amakore erwisano yamasimba masimba inozivikanwa seNhamo. Nepo zviitwa zvayo zvikuru zvakanga zviri zvamatongerwe enyika nebumbiro remitemo nemitemo (zvinotsiva simba, dziviriro dzavanhu, uye masangano anodzivirira anovhara njodzi. Nhasi, pesvedzero yeGFA pautano yavanhu yakatambanukira zvikuru muutano hwavanhu. Mitemo yenheyo yemitengo yemwe, kubatanidza, uye kubatana kwakaita hwaro hwokushandura gadziriro yezvo utano yakanga yave yakaputsika pamitsetse, kazhinji yaibvisa kupesana kwenhando.

Necheshure: Utano Nezvinetso

GFA isati yatanga, gadziriro youtano yeNorthern Ireland yakaratidzira nzanga yayo yakakamukana. Trocks (1968-1988) dzakaparira nzufu dzinopfuura 3 500 uye makumi ezviuru ekuvadziko, namavanga akadzika mifungo. Masangano outano aiwanzopiwa mumiganhu yakasarurwa, nenzanga dzePurotesitendi nedzeKaturike dzichiwana zvipatara zvakasiana - siana kana kuti miraundi, dzimwe nguva nemhaka yeitiro hanya dzenzvimbo kana kuti dziviriro dzinofungwa. Uku kukamukana kwakaparira kusaenzana kukuru: upenyu munharaunda dzakashaiwa zvikurusa dzeKaturike hwakavamba kusvikira kumakore mashanu shure kwemisha yakabudirira yePurotesitendi; mwero yokufa kwevacheche yakanga yakakwirira munzanga dzinoshanda dzorudzi rwamarudzi; uye migariro inopfuurira sehosha dzokufema uye hosha dzomwoyo yakanga yakapararira zvikuru munharaunda dzine mwero yakakwirira.

Kupfuurirazve, mukati merwisano, nhano dzoutano dzavose dzaiwanzoshatiswa nokusavimbana kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Kubatana pakati pamapoka outano anobatira nzanga dzakasiana - siana kwakanga kwakaneta, uye nhamburiko dzokupedza zvisakiso zvikuru zvoutano hwakaipa (sokurwara, imba, uye kubviswa kwenzanga) dzakafukidzwa nechengeteko. GFA yakatsvaka kuchinja kuti kupfurikidza nokuenzana kwokusaitirana uye kuremekedzana senheyo huru dzokutonga.

Gadziriro Dzoutano Mukati Mechibvumirano Chakanaka CheChishanu

Kunyange zvazvo GFA isiri chibvumirano choutano, yakatanga chirongwa chesangano chebatira pamwe yezvoutano hwechikamu chemibatanidzwa. Dare reNorth- Southern - Service Council, rakatangwa pasi peSterand Miviri yebvumirano yacho, rinobatanidza chikamu chakati choutano. Mutumbi uyu wakapfavisa zvirongwa zvemasangano echinhu chose kubva pakunzvera kenzara kusvikira kumhinduro yekurumidziro. Kuwedzera, kusimbisa kwekodzero dzevanhu nokuenzana kwakatungamirira kutangwa kweNorthern Ireland Rights Commis, uko kwakapesvedzera muitiro woutano kupfurikidza nokutsigira kuwanikwa kwezvirongwa zvisiri zvehurumende zvekunze kweIreland. Dare rokubatsira nokuda kwokudavidza nokuronga zvinhu. Kuwedzera chibvumirano chinowirirana ne 75 cheNorthern Ireland Act, zvinoda zviremera zvoutano zvinobatanidza kusangana kwemapoka ezvitendero nevezvematongerwe enyika.

Izvi zvirongwa zvakabatsira mukufambisa muitiro woutano kubva pamuitiro wechaunga unoita kuti pave nematanho, unoparira njodzi kusvikira kune uyo unodzivirira nokusasarura. Somuenzaniso, Department of Health’s “Kuita Kuti Upenyu Huve Nane Nyore” (2021) inonongedzera zvakajeka chiono cheGFA chenzanga yakagoveranwa, ichivavarira kuderedza mukaha woupenyu pakati penzvimbo zhinjisa nedzisingatsaurwi zvikuru ne50%.

Kuderedza Kusawirirana Muutano

Chimwe chemiuyo yavose yakatanhamara zvikurusa yemapoka eGFA chave chiri kuganhurirwa kwemisiyano youtano pakati penzanga dzePurotesitendi neKaturike. Mumakumi maviri amakore pashure pebvumirano, nduramo yavose vari vaviri varume navakadzi muNorthern Ireland yakakwira namakore mana, uye mukaha wakati pakati penhamba yakakwirira zvikurusa neyakaderera zvikuru yezvemari yenzanga. Kuziva kubva kuNorthern Ireland Statistics neNSRA (NISRA) kunoratidza kuti pakati pa200 ne2021, musiyano mumiganhu youpenyu pakati penzvimbo zhinjisariranopfumi napashoma zvikuru, wakaderera wakaderera kubva pamakore 8.4 kusvikira ku7,1 nokuda kwamakore 5.4 kusvikira ku55.

Nhano dzemitemo dzakadai se “Kuwedzera Utano Nezvinodikanwa zvenzanga” (THSN), zvakatangwa pakuvamba kwama 2000, zvakatungamirira zvinhu zvokuwedzera kunzvimbo dzinoshaiwa zvikurusa. Nharaunda idzi (_kazhinji kazhinji idzo dzakatambura zvakaipisisa zvezvinetso) dzakawedzerwa mabasa okutarisira apakuvamba, zvipatara zviri nani, uye gadziriro dzoutano dzenzanga. Somuenzaniso, kutanga kwe “Heathy Living Centrees". Munzvimbo dzakafanana neWest Belfast neDerry/Londonderry dzakagovera miuyo inozadzwa nohuvarariro yehosha dzinogara dziripo munharaunda, kuvandudza miuyo yavagari vemo avo kare vakanga vachiganhurirwa kugona kutarisirwa.

Nenzira inokosha, kuunganidzwa kwamashoko outano kwakavandudzwawo. Post-GFA, nzvero dzoutano dzakavamba kubata nguva dzose mashoko pamusoro porudzidziso nemamiriro ezvinhu enzanga, kuchibvumira vagadziri vemiitiro kuziva nokutaura nenzira yakananga zvikuru. Somuuyo, kupindira kwakarongwa kwakadai semapurogiramu okusvuta nharaunda dzechiKaturike kana kuti njodzi yemwoyo mumapoka echiPurotesitendi anoshanda neboka .

Kushandira Pamwe Mubasa Routano

GFA yakasimudzirawo kubatira pamwe kwakananga pakati pamabudi ezvoutano anobatira nzanga dzakasiyana- siyana. Somuenzaniso, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust zvinokamuranisa mabasa ayo akamboparadzaniswa pakati peRoyal Victoria Hospital (inoshandiswa zvikurukuru naVaKaturike) neGuta Hospital (inowanzoshandiswa naPurotesitendi), mabasa ehama ekenza, mishonga yehosha yenjodzi yaderedza kunyorwa kwemigumisiro yezvokuvhiya uye migumisiro yezvokuvhiya kwevana veIreland, iyo yakapfumiswa pakati pekuvhiya mwoyo muDublin nokuda kwevarwere vose vari vaviri veNorthern Ireland neRepublic Republic, inoratidzira kuti kubatira pamwe chete kweyamupata unovandudza sei kunaka apo inoderedza mari.

Nangidzira Ngwariro Pautano Hwendangariro

Zvichida hakuna nzvimbo youtano hwavanhu yakatapurwa zvikuru neGFA kupfuura utano hwendangariro. Zvinetso zvakasiya nhaka yekuvadziko, navakura vanofungidzirwa kuva 1 mu 5 muNorthern Ireland achiva nezviratidzo zvedzvinyiriro yendangariro yapashure penhambo yedzvinyiriro (PTSD) ine chokuita zvakananga nerwisano. Mwero yokuora mwoyo, funganyo, uye kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemishonga yakakwidzwa, zvikurukuru munzvimbo dzakawana mwero yakakwirira zvikurusa yamasimba masimba.

Pamberi pa1998, mabasa outano hwendangariro akanga akavhiringidzwa uye asingasvikiki, zvikurukuru nokuda kwaavo vakanga vatapurwa zvakananga nerwisano. Muitiro worugare wakachinja ikoku kupfurikidza nokuita mugariro wezvamatongerwe enyika umo utano hwendangariro hungagona kukurukurwa pachena. Nguva yechiratidzo yakanga iri Bamford Review of Mental Health and Learning Disability [2006], yakarumbidza kunyanyovakwa kwebasa, kusimbisa kupindira kwenzanga kwapakuvamba, uye kudzokororeswa kweza. Iyi kurukurirano yakagoneswa zvakananga nebatira pamwe chete neyakati yeGFA.

Wedzero dzinotevera dzemari dzakaona kuumbwa kwamabasa ekuvadziko yakatsaurirwa, zvakadai se Wave Trauma Center ne Northern Ireland Centre for Trauma uye Transformation [[[FLT:]]. Yapashure, yakatangwa muna 2000, yakakudziridza kurapa kwakavakirwa pauchapupu nokuda kwePTSD, kubatira somuenzaniso munyika yose. Mukuwedzera, hurumende yakavhura upenyu Sangano rokuzviuraya muna 2006] rakagadziriswa nguva dzinoverengeka uye zvino zvino kubatanidza mabasa akananga okutaura nezvezvinodikanwa zvendangariro zveyaichimbova mitezo yematoisiti, vanyajambwa, uye xtercemanspuceman.

Masangano outano hwepfungwa munzanga akawedzera zvikuru. Muna 2021-20222, hwerengedzo yemari yemabasa outano hwepfungwa muNorthern Ireland yaipfuura mabhiriyoni dhora 1 kechipiri, kunyange zvazvo ichiri pasi zvikuru pane dzimwe nyika dzeUK. Mental Health Champions Network yeIreland, yakagadzwa muna 2018, inopfuurira kusunda nokuda kwekuremekedzwa pakati poutano hwepfungwa nohwomuviri (a) zvakavakirwa pamiganhu yeGFA yeFA.

Kubatanidzwa Munzanga Nokusimudzira Utano Hwevanhu Vose

Hurumende yeGFA yeyakabatana yakasvika kumabasa outano hwavanhu vose. Panzvimbo pokuva yakaderera, michina yose inokwana, zviremera zvezvoutano zvakatanga kushanda nenzanga uye masangano okuzvidira aiva nemavambo akadzika midzi munharaunda dzomunzvimbomo. Iyi nzira yakabvumikisa kuva inoshanda zvikuru nokuda kwenhau dzinotapura zvikuru dzakadai soutano hwevatano, kuziva mirimo, uye masimba masimba omumba.

Somuenzaniso, nhimbe ye [FULT] Health Agency ye“Tshintshisa Upenyu Hwako” yakashandisa vakuchidziridziridziridzi vomunzvimbomo neshasha dzenzanga kusimudzira basa romuviri nokudya zvakanaka muvavakidzani vanonyimwa, kuratidzira nzvero dzinobva kumativi ose ari maviri enzanga akakamukana. Nenzira yakafanana, Vatsigiri vezve utano hwemaritsigiri [ [2008-2013] vaitaura zvakajeka zvinodikanwa zvaManoshereketi, mabhineti, mabhineti, uye magengender (LBB), vanhu vapoteri, vapoteri, uye mamwe mapoka akashaidzwa muchaka chapanyukira nguva dzose mudereve yePDFFA.

Nhano dzoutano dzinobatanidza mativi ose dzakabudawo muzvinhu zvipenyu. Mapato echiPurotesitendi neveKaturike akanga aparadzaniswa mukati mezvinetso zvoutano akavamba kubatira pamwe panhau dzoutano kupfurikidza ne Rugare neReconciliation Partivement [. Kucham Belfast, somuenzaniso, mapoka avakadzi vePurotesitendi neveKaturike akabatanidza pamwe chete zvinoitika zvekenza yemazamu, achisimudzira chivimbo pamwe chete pamwe chete pamwe chete nevandudziko youtano. Commony Development neUnity Nenet Network Network yezveutano [[[CDFLT:3]] [CDN] yakarovedza zviuru zvavazvizvizvipiri zvemunzvimbomo kuva “vamiriri, vanoparira , vanorumbidza nzanga kuti vatore kuva vanhu vavo.

Kubatsira Kudzidza Nezvoutano

Kugona kunzwisisa nokushandisa mashoko outano (*) kwakasimbiswa somugumisiro wenhamburiko idzi dzenzanga. Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvakagadzirwa muzvose zviri zviviri chiIrish (Gaillege) neUlster Scots, zvinowirirana nokuzivikanwa kwomutauro pasi peGFA. Kutumira mashoko kwakapfava kwakakodzera mutsika kwakaderedza vhiringidziko nokuwedzera kwemabasa okudzivirira akadai serekitari yejeko nejekiseni.

Kushandira Pamwe Kwoutano Hwomuboka: Nhaka Inogara Nguva Dzose

Strand 2 yeGFA yakatanga North-South Minister Council (NSMC), iyo inobatanidza rutivi rwoutano rwakatsaurirwa. Mutumbi uyu wakagonesa batira pamwe isingaenzaniswi pakati peNorthern Ireland Department of Health neRepublic of Ireland of Health. Zviitwa zvikuru zvinosanganisira:

  • All Ireland Cancer Network: Harmonising readral uye kugoverana muitiro wakanakisisa nokuda kwokunzvera nokurapa nokukurumidza.
  • [ All Island Nursing na Misterry Forum: Kusimudzira mipimo yenyanzvi navashandi kuronga mhiri kwomuganhu.
  • Kuwana nhomba [ nemishonga inokosha, kuchideredza ndyiko uye kuvimbisa kusimba kwenhevedzano.
  • CAWT (Basa neKushanda Pamwe chete), mubatanidzwa woutano womumuchinjikwa uyo unoita mabasa munharaunda dzakadai sekutarisira musha nokuda kwavakweguru, tarisiro inoderedza marwadzo, uye mwana nowechiduku (CAMHS).

Mukati medenda reCHOVAD-19, chikamu choutano cheNSMC chakabvumikisa kuva chinokosha. Northern Ireland neRepublic inoronga unyanzvi hwokuedza, kukwirira kwechipatara, uye kupa zano rezvoutano kwavose pasinei zvapo negadziriro dzakasiana dzemitemo. Iyi batira pamwe yakaparirwa zvakananga nezvirongwa zvesangano zvakaumbwa neGFA.

Matambudziko uye Kuramba Vachienzaniswa

Pasinei zvapo nefambiro mberi huru, GFA haina kuganhurirwa. Kusaenzana kwoutano, kunyange zvazvo kwakaderedzwa, kunoramba kuri kwokusiririmuka. Muna 2022, vanhu vanogara munharaunda dzine urombo zvikurusa vakanga vachiri vane bviro yokushuma utano husina kunaka seavo vari munharaunda dzisina kutsakatika. Uyezve, muitiro worugare hauna kubvisa mapoka ose enzanga mudzimwe nharaunda dzeBelfast, dzakadai seMater Hospital (mukurumbira wedzinza), uye Ulster Hospital (mubatanidzwa wetsika), zvichiri kubatira zvikurukuru zviverengero zvavagari vemo.

Kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika kwakadzivisawo muitiro woutano. Chikamu cheNorthern Ireland Administrative chakaregwa kanoverengeka kubvira muna 1998, nguva pfupi yapfuura kubva muna 2017 kusvikira muna 2020, umo bhajeti huru dzoutano dzakaomeswa uye nzira dzenguva refu dzakadzorwa. Dambudziko razvino uno rokumirira varwere (nevanopfuura 350 000 vari kumirira kugadzwa muchipatara) zvichibva mumitemo yeISC munguva idzi. Kuwedzera, kubuda kweUK kubva kuEurope Union kwakatanga kusagadzikana kwezvirongwa zvokurapa, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nemari inodzorwa neyamubatanidzwa wezvoutano.

Kupfuurirazve, “kukamuraniswa kworugare” hakuna kuparadzirwa zvakatowanda. Dzimwe nharaunda dzakatambura masimba masimba akaipisisa, zvakadai semativi eBelfast nechokuchamhembe kweDerry, dzakaona kuvandudzika kushomanene kwemiuyo youtano. Trauma inoramba iri mutoro unovandika; mwero yokuzviuraya muNorthern Ireland yakawedzera chifo cha1998, nemwero yemwero yakakwirira zvikuru zvino pakati penjodzi yeUK.A kazhinji kazhinji yakabatanidzwa nekuvadziko yezvinetso zvenzanga yakabatanidzwa nedzvinyiriro yemari.

Tapuro Dzenguva Refu Nenzira Iri Mberi

Kutarira shure makore anopfuura 25, Good Frive Agreement yakagadziridza zvikurukuru mhoteredzo youtano hwavanhu muNorthern Ireland. Yakaparira mhoteredzo yezvamatongerwe enyika umo kuenzana, maruramiro avanhu, uye batira pamwe zvakava nheyo dzinotungamirira nokuda kwomuitiro woutano. Kuderedzwa kwemhatsa, kukura kwemibato yendangariro youtano, uye kukura kwenzanga zvose zvine tapuro yomuitiro worugare.

GFA yakasimudzirawo tsika yegadziriro yakavakirwa paufakazi, ichigonesa masangano okunzvera akafanana ne Queen’s University Belfast uye Ulster University[ kuitisa fundo dzinoparadza pasi panhau dzoutano dzinowirirana, achipesvedzera nzwisiso yenyika yose. Masangano akadai se [[FLT:] World Health Organization kupfurikidza nepurogiramu yezveutano, akabetsera Ireland kugoverana ruzivo rwayo nedzimwe nzvimbo dzepashure. Health Agement Agency [FFF] zvino]

Bva basa racho harina kupedzwa. Kuwana nhevedzano youtano hwechokwadi munzanga ichiri kuoneka kunoda kuda kwakatsiga kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kutsigira mari, uye kupfuuridzirwa kuvimbwa kwapachikamu. Chiri kuuya Health neSocial Care (Reform) Bill[FL:1], panguva ino yakaongororwa neGungano, vavariro dzokuita kuti mabasa agadziriswe kuti asvike zviri nani. Kubudirira kwazvichatsamira padivirira kana mudzimu weGFA_/Honobylji, ruremekedzo, uye donzo rimwe chetero kutungamirira vaiti venhau.

Pakupedzisira, Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu chakaratidza kuti rugare rwaisangova bedzi kusavapo kwamasimba masimba, asi kuvapo kweruramisiro nebanza. Muutano hwavanhu vose, ikoko kunoreva kuva nechokwadi munhu ari wose muNorthern Ireland(*kare) anokwanisa kurarama upenyu hurefu, hune utano. Chiono ichocho, chakaberekwa muna 1998, chinoramba chichikosha senguva dzose. Northern Ireland Department of Health

Kumwe Kurava