Pesvedzero Inopfuurira: Kuumba Kunoita Muitiro Wokumwe weAustralia Kutsiga Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika muPapua New Guinea

Ukama pakati peAustralia nePapua New Guinea (PNG) ndirimwe ramabiteramitwaro makurusa muSouthwest Pacific. Kwerinopfuura zana ramakore, zvisarudzo zvemiitiro yokumwe zveAustralia zvakaumba zvakananga zvirongwa zvokudzora zvePNG, zvivako zvokudzivirira, uye kupesvedzera kwezvemari. Iyi pesvedzero haisati iriwo zvayo yenhau; inopfuurira kushanduka, nebhajeti riri rose reyamuro yeAustralia, nhano yekochekedzo yeruwa, kana kuti kupindira kwemibatanidzwa yemiuyo mikuru yezvamatongerwe enyika muPort Moresby uye kupfuura. Kunzwisisa iyi rondedzero inokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa denho dzakakura nemikana yakatarisana nenharaunda yePacific Islands.

Nheyo Dzenhau Dzoukama Hwechikadzi

Kubva Pakutonga Kwehurumende Dzinodzora Kuenda Kurusununguko

Kutanga kweAustralia nePapua New Guinea kwakavamba nenzwisiso mukati menhambo yokumwe yehurumende yokumwe. Kuvambira muna 1906, Australia yaitarisira Teriture of Papua, uye pashure peHondo yeNyika I, yakava nechinzwano chaMarudzi chakaraira payaichimbova Germany New Guinea. Uku kudzora kuviri kwakaparira nhaka yegadziriro dzehwaro, gadziriro dzapamutemo, uye masangano edzidzo ayo akaratidzira zvikuru mienzaniso yeAustralia. Nhambo yapashure peHondo yeNyika II yakava nefambiro mberi, bva ukama hwakaramba huripo chaizvoizvo.

Kuchinja kwokuzvimirira muna 1975 hakuna kungoerekana kwaitika. Australia yakagadzirira nokushingaira PNG nokuda kwokuzvidzora, ichipa rovedzo yokudzora netsigiro yemari. Zvisinei, ukama hwepashure pokutsamira pamunhu hwakarondedzerwa nokuramba kuchitsamira payamuro yeAustralia, rubatsiro rwekuzvidzivirira, uye kutsigirwa nehurumende. Kutsamira pamunhu uyu kwakaita simba rakasiyana nemamwe: nepo PNG yakawana uchangamire hwakarongwa, kugadzikana kwayo kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakaramba kuri pakati pezvisarudzo zvehurumende zvokuAustralia.

Nguva yePfter - Indence: Kupindirana Nokunetseka

Pashure pa1975, muitiro wokumwe weAustralia kuPNG wakatungamirirwa nezvinangwa zvitatu zvikuru: kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwenharaunda, kuchengetedza kuchamhembe kweAustralia, uye kusimudzira kufambira mberi kwezvemari. Izvi zvinangwa zvinowanzowirirana nezvinodiwa nePNG, asi zvakaparirawo kusawirirana. Somuenzaniso, kuomerera kweAustralia pamitemo yakanaka yokudzora nokuda kweyamuro dzimwe nguva kwairwisana nezvinoitika zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvePNG, uko masangano ehurumende ehurumende uye zvirongwa zvesimba zvomunzvimbomo zvisingawanzowirirani nokunaka kwechipfuro cheCernharbar.

Nhambo dzenyanduko dzakaoneka pamusoro penhau dzakadai seWest Papua-Papua New Guinea, apo kusvika kwokungwarira kwouchangamire hweIndonesia kwakarwisana neitiro hanya dzePNG nenzvimbo dzemhuri dzemasangano okuzvimirira eWest Papuan. Nenzira yakafanana, kubata kweAustralia vatsvaki venzvimbo yehuvanze pasi pePezifiki, kubatanidza Manus Island Regional Processing Centre, kwakabatanidza chinhu chakaoma muukama hwezvitsuwa. Izvi zviitiko zvinoenzanisira kuti muitiro wokumwe nyika yokumwe nyika, kunyange apo yakagadzirirwa kuterama kwenzvimbo yepasi pejikia, zvinogona kuparira kusagadzikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika muPNG.

Mamiriro Anokosha Emitemo Yokumwe yeAustralia Akachinja PNG

Kushandira Pamwe Kwechengeteko Neukama Hwokuzvidzivirira

Australia inoramba iri mukwanyina wedziviriro mukurusa wePNG. Declaration on Security Cooperation (yakavakwazve muna 2020) inogovera gadziriro yokuongorora nguva dzengarava, rovedzo yehondo, uye rwisano dzinodzivisa. Vashandi veAustralian Device Force Magnes vanoiswa mukati menzvimbo inodzivirira PNG, uye mapurisa enguva dzose engarava dzengarava dzeAustralia anobetsera kutarira nzvimbo huru yePNG yepasi pegungwa.

Kunyange zvazvo urongwa uhwu huchisimbisa simba rePNG rokuita zvinhu zvinodzivirira, hunoitawo kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu akaganhurirwa pakuchengetedza zvinhu zveAustralia.

Yamuro Yezvemari Nebetsero Yeenderero Mberi

Australia ndiyo yamuro hurusa yePNG, ichigovera anenge mamirioni $600 eAUD gore negore pasi pe PNG-Australia FUNITARY. Uku kutsigira mari kunoitwa nevezvoutano (zvikurukuru utano hwaamai nohumwana), dzidzo, zvirongwa, uye utongi. Gadziro dzeAid dzakabetsera kuvandudza kuoneka: kubhadharwa kwenho dzenhomba kwawedzera, kunyoreswa kwechikoro kwawedzera, uye mabatano okufambisa akavandudzwa.

Bva kutsamira payamuro kunotakura miuyo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Apo yamuro yeAustralia inosungirirwa kumigariro . yakadai sechinjo dzinorwisana nouori kana kuti chirango chemari (chinogona kunzwisiswa naPNG zvamatongerwe enyika navagari vemo sechikanganisiro pauchangamire. Dzikamo dzeyamuro dzinotevera kuderera kwekudzora kunofungidzirwa yave, panhambo nenhambo, yakatanga njodzi dzomukati ezvematongerwe enyika, sezvo vatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo vachipomera hurumende yeAustralia kuti ivhiringidzike. Nhando dzinotemwa kana kuti yamuro isina kuganhurirwa dzinogona kudzikamisa gadziriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika kupfurikidza nokubvumira kurongwa kwenguva refu. Dzikano pakati pezviwirirano nemubatanidzwa ichero yetsika huru muukama.

Kutengesa Nokuisa Mari Mubhizimisi

Kudyidzana kwezvemari kunotambanukira kupfuura yamuro. Australia ndiyo musika mukurusa wokutengesa kunze kwenyika uye manyuko makuru ezvokutengeserana kwakananga kwokumwe, zvikurukuru muchikamu chegasi romusikirwo rinonyunguduka. PNG LNG, inoshanda neExxonmobil uye inotsigirwa namakambani eAustralia, yakaparira purofiti yehurumende asi inoparirawo zvinetso. Kudirana kwepfuma yezviwanikwa kunogona kupfumisa matongerwe enyika ezvemari, kukumbira, uye kupesana pamusoro pemibayiro yebetsero.

Mitemo yokumwe yeAustralia inotsvaka kuderedza idzi ngozi kupfurikidza nezvibvumirano zvebhizimisi nezvirongwa zvemibato yemari zvinosimudzira kuonana nokutora rutivi kwomunzvimbomo. Zvisinei, mwero mukuru wokubatanidzwa kwebhizimisi reAustralia unoreva kuti zviito zvechikamu chavanhu veAustralia — dzimwe nguva zvisingagoni kudzora kudzikamiswa kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Mitezo apo femu dzeAustralia dzakapomerwa kukuvara kwemhoteredzo kana kuti kunzvera nzanga kusina kukwana zvakanyandura kutsutsutsumwa nenyadziso dzezvamatongerwe enyika, zvichida kupindira kwehurumende.

Kudzora Kutama uye Kudzora Muganhu

Nhaka yenzvimbo inochengeterwa makomo eManus Island inoramba ichienderera mberi nokubatana kwemavara. Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yacho yakavharwa muna 2017, kushanda kwayo kubva muna 2012 kusvika muna 2017 yakaisa PNG pakati pegadziriro yokugadzira zvinhu inomutsa nharo pamusoro peAustralia. Urongwa hwacho, hwakarongwa pasi pePURC Reparective Relacement Agemistration, hwakakanganisa gadziriro yepamutemo yePNG, hwakaita kuti pave nezvinonetsa zvekuchengeteka, uye hwakaita kuti pave nokukakavara. Kuwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakaparira nharo dzemhuri muPNG pamusoro penhau yehurumende uye mari yokubatana neAustralia.

Mitemo yazvino inotapukira zvikuru, asi donzo reAustralia pakudzivisa kupfurikidza nokudzivisa uye kudzoserazve miuyo PNG. Somuenzaniso, tsigiro yehurumende yeAustralia nokuda kwesimba rokudzora muganhu wePNG inotapura sei Port Moresby kudzora muganhu wenyika yayo neIndonesia nemiganhu yayo yegungwa neSolomon Islands. Kukanganisika kupi nokupi mumitemo kunogona kubudisa kusagadzikana kwenharaunda, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzemuganhu umo vanhu vanotakurwa zvikuru.

Kuchinja Kwepesvedzero Pakusagadzikana Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kusimbisa Kana Kuti Kuodza Mwoyo Here?

Miitiro yokudzimwe nyika yeAustralia inowanzovavarira kusimbisa masangano ehurumende yePNG kupfurikidza nebetsero yezvoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, rovedzo yedare, uye gadziriro dzezvikamu zvehurumende zvokuchinja. Somuenzaniso, PNG-Australia Law ne Justice Parneship zvakatsigira kutarisirwa kwedare namapurisa. Nhamburiko idzi dzinogona kukudza simba rehurumende rokukunda rwisano, kutsigira mutemo, uye kutungamirira sarudzo (apose) inokosha kukutsiga kwezvematongerw enyika.

Zvisinei, kusimbisa kurongwa kunogona kuva nemigumisiro isingatarisirwi. Kana vapi vemipiro vekunze vakagadzira gadziriro dzinowirirana kana kuti unyanzvi hwemo hwekupa mazano, vanogona kukanganisa simba ravo. Uyezve, kana kuchinja kukaitwa kuchiita sekwakatangwa nevokunze, vangashaya kodzero uye vangakundikana kudzika midzi. Kurega kwemari yeAustralia kubva kuNational Department of PNG’s Health nemhaka yokusatarisirwa zvakanaka kwepfungwa kwakaratidza kuti kubatsira kungatokanganisa sei mabasa anoitwa nevanhu uye kutoita kuti hurumende ishaye simba mune zvematongerwe enyika.

Basa Rokuvhiya Nokubvisa Majemusi

Australia inowanzoshanda semurevereri wemibatanidzwa yedzimwe nyika murwisano dzomukati dzePNG. Mukati menjodzi yeBougainville ya 1988-1988, vakuru vakuru veAustralia vakaita basa guru mukubatanidza kurukurirano dzorugare, pakupedzisira kuchitungamirira kuBougainville Peace Agument nerendersum parusununguko. Iyi kurukurirano yakanga iri inokosha mukugumisa hondo inoparadza yehurumende iyo yakatyisidzira zvakananga perero yeji yePNG.

Nenzira yakafanana, Australia yakabatanidzwa mumabasa echerechedzo dzetsororo, kurukurirano dzokudzivisa rwisano munharaunda yeHighlands, uye tsigiro ye Ministerialial Reference Group pamasimba masimba edzinza. Uku kupindira kwemibatanidzwa yehurumende kunogona kubvisa njodzi uye kuvaka chivimbo pakati pamasekete anokwikwikwidzana. Bva murangariro wokuti Australia iri kutora rutivi kana kuti kushandisa pesvedzero isakafanira inogonawo kunyandura pfundero. Denho ndeyokuti pasina kutsigira, uye kutsigira gadziriro dzerwisano dzePNG pachadzoro pakati pezviwiriranwa.

Kuchinja Kwematongerwe Enyika

Gadziriro dzokumwe dzeAustralia hadziwanzoedza kusarudza zvakananga vatungamiriri vePNG, asi zviratidzo zvadzo zvine chokuita. Nyaradzo yeAustralia kana kuti kusasununguka nevanotonga vezvamatongerwe enyika vakati, kunotaurwa kupfurikidza nokutaura kwevoruzhinji kana kuti mwero wokuvimbisana, kunogona kuumba pfungwa dzakatanhamara. Somuenzaniso, apo vakuru vakuru vakuru veAustralia vanorumbidza kunzvera uori kwakananga kana kuti kutsoropodza kunonoka kwehurumende, vanotumira mashoko anodzokororwa nehurumende yezvamatongerwe enyika yePNG.

Munguva dzekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika, zvakadai sezviito zvakawanda zvisina kuvimbwa izvo zvakawisira hurumende muma2010.Nhau yeAustralia inogona kuvimbisa misika neshamwari dzamarudzi ose kana kuti kusavimba. Sarudzo ya2019, yakatungamirira kuJames Marape kuva Mutungamiriri wehurumende, yakaona tsigiro yokungwarira yakabetsera kudzikamisa kuchinja kwacho. Nenzira inopesana, zvinoitika apo vamiriri veAustralia vakapomerwa kudzongonyedza 2016 Bougainville sapane pokuvhota sapamberi yapurezidhendi.

Mipimo Yoruwa Neyezvamatongerwe Enyika

Pesvedzero Dzemakwikwi: China Nemamwe Masimba

Kuvapo kunowedzera kweChina muPacific kwakagadziridzazve muitiro wokumwe weAustralia kuPNG. Australia zvino inokwikwidzana neChina nokuda kwepesvedzero kupfurikidza nemari yepfuma, chengeteko, uye zvirongwa zvokuyamura. Belt neGaadnitive yeChina inopa mamwe manyuko ebudiriro yePNG, kazhinji kazhinji nemigariro mishoma yehurumende kupfuura yamuro yeAustralia. Nepo ikoku kunogona kuderedza kutsamira kwaPNG paAustralia, inosumawo masimba matsva ezvamatongerwe enyika: Zvirongwa zveChina zvakatsoropoteswa nokuda kwemiitiro yamabasa, chikwereti, uye nhau dzokuona.

Muitiro wokumwe weAustralia wakagamuchira kupfurikidza nokuwedzera mipinduro yawo umene yehwaro yezvirongwa zvokupinzwa kwemari − yakadai seAUD $300 000 000 000 kuPapua New Guinea Electrification Prebiatedship((* uye kupfurikidza nokusimbisa ukoshi hwemari inopenya. Iri makwikwi anogona kusimbisa nzvimbo yokutaurirana yePNG, asiwo ine ngozi kushandura PNG kuva nzvimbo yehondo yezvematongerwe enyika. Vatambi vezvamatongerwe enyika vehurumende vangashandisa zviito zvokukwikwikwidza zvimene, sezvinobvira kukanganisa bvumirano inodikanwa nokuda kwokugadzira nhevedzano.

Mubvunzo weBougainville uye Muitiro weAustralia

Kuzvimirira kwaBougainville pakupedzisira kunoramba kuri imwe yenhau dzinotambudza zvikurusa muukama hwebiladator. 2019 appendium yakaona vhoti huru 98% nokuda kwokuzvimirira, asi muuyo wacho kusava kubatanidzwa uye kunoda kubviswa neparamende yenyika yePNG. Nzvimbo yeAustralia yave yakangwarira: inotsigira muuyo womuitiro wokubvunza asi inosimbisa kuti chinjo ipi neipi inofanira kuva ine rugare nemitemo.

Gadziriro dzokunze dzeAustralia dzinopesvedzera nhau yeBougainville munzira dzinoverengeka. Chokutanga, kupfurikidza negadziriro dzeyamuro dzinotsigira kuyanana nokudzora muBougainville, Australia inogona kubetsera kudzivisa kudzokerazve murwisano. Chechipiri, kupfurikidza nokuratidzira tsigiro inopfuurira nokuda kweperero yenharaunda yePNG, Australia inosimbisa nzvimbo yehurumende muPort Moresby. Yechitatu, kubatanidzwa kwekurukurirano nevakuru vakuru vakuru veAustralia kunogovera mukoto. Kutsinhamo yezvamatongerwe enyika yePNG inowirirana nenzira yakananga kuti nhau yeBougainville inopedzwa sei; mugumisiro unonzi hauna kururama nebato guru ripi neripi zvaro ringaparira kusagadzikana.

Zvinetso Muukama Hwemhuri

Kunetseka Nezvouchangamire uye Kurwisana Mumhuri

Chinetso chinoramba chiripo ipfungwa yokuti muitiro wokune dzimwe nyika wokuAustralia unobata PNG senyika inotengesera. Vatsoropodzi vomumapepanhau uye venzanga dzehurumende yePNG vanowanzotaura mashoko okunyunyuta pamusoro pe “hurumende inodzorwa nehurumende.” Pfungwa idzi dzinogona kushandiswa nevezvematongerwe enyika vachitsvaka kutsausa pfungwa pakukundikana kwemhuri. Kana kushanya kwenhume dzeAustralia kukava nguva dzokutsoropodza vanhu, dzinoratidza kusawirirana muukama hunogona kukurudzira kutaura kwokurwisana nehurumende.

Kutarisira uchangamire kunoda vagadziri vemiitiro yeAustralia kuti vapfuure kurangarira. Kubatana kwechokwadi kunoreva kuteerera zvinhu zvinokosha zvaPNG, kuremekedza miitiro yayo inoita zvisarudzo, uye kubvuma kuti kudzikama kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwePNG hakusati kuri chinangwa cheAustralia asi kuedza kwePNG. Zvirongwa zvinosimbisa kuva munhu womunzvimbomo (kwakadai semuenzaniso weyamuro inodzorwa neKokada Initice) zvinoendesa mberi.

Utachiona Hunoyevedza uye Umhare Hwokunzwisisa

Kukwanisa kwePNG kushandisa zvakanaka rubatsiro rweAustralia kunodziviswa nokusashanda zvakanaka kwehurumende, mari yomutero yakaderera, uye mikana inokosha. Mari yeyamuro inogona kupambadzwa kana kuti kuiswa panzvimbo isina kufanira kana gadziriro dzehurumende dzezvemari dzePNG dzikasakwanisa kuronga mari yadzo. Kumuka kwegwirikwiti ra2018, rakabatana nokukundikana kwenhomba pasinei zvapo nokutsigira kweAustralia, rakasimbisa izvi zvinetso zvesimba rokukwanisa kudzora.

Apo yamuro yeAustralia inokundikana kupa miuyo inooneka, inosekesa chivimbo chavose muzvose zviri zviviri purogiramu yeyamuro nehurumende yePNG. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kukusagadzikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika sezvo vagari vemo vanopomera vatungamiriri vavo mhaka yokusakwanisa kana kuti ushati. Kuganhurirwa kwokugona kudzora kunoda kuiswa kwenhambo refu mubasa ravose rePNG, chimwe chinhu icho muitiro wokumwe weAustralia wakaedza kupfurikidza nebetsero yemichina asi icho chinoramba chiri denho inopfuurira.

Kuchengeteka Kwemhoteredzo Nemamiriro Okunze

Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunoisa pangozi kudzikamo yezvematongerwe enyika muPNG. Kukwira kwemwero yegungwa, kuwedzera kwedutu, uye kuchinja kwemvura kunokanganisa kuchengeteka kwezvokudya nokubviswa kwenzvimbo. Muitiro wokumwe weAustralia pakuchinja kwemamiriro okunze nejenamusi. Nhevedzo yokungwarira yavapo mudzvinyiriro yenyika dzakawanda asi ichiri kutarisana nokutsoropodza kunobva kumarudzi ePacific nokuti haichaiti zvakakwana. Hurumende yePNG, inotsamira pakuwana mari, inobatwa pakati pezvido zvokubudirira uye zvinodiwa nemamiriro okunze.

Kutsigira kuchinja mamiriro okunze eAustralia kunogona kudzikamisa nzanga dzine ngozi, asi kana kukarangarirwa sedzisina kukwana kana kuti sedzisingashandisi chinhu, kunoderedza kusawirirana. Australia-PNG Climate Change Action honeidarship, yakasainwa muna 201, inoedza kuwedzera kubatira pamwe, asi kunzvera kuri mukubudirira. Kutsigikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika mukutarisana nemamiriro okunze kuchatsamira pakubudirira kwenyika dzose dziri mbiri.

Mikana Yokusimbisa Kubatana

Kuva Noushamwari Hwakanyanya

Pfungwa ye “Vuvale” (mhuri), inosimudzirwa nehurumende dzose dziri mbiri, inopa gadziriro yoruremekedzo. Panzvimbo pomupi wegadziriro yokumwe, muitiro wokuAustralia unogona kusimbisa kuva mubatanidzwa wepurogiramu. Kufambira kumitanhiko yenharaunda yose panzvimbo pemari inoisirwa panzvimbo pebasa rinobvumira PNG kugadza zvinhu zvenyika zvokutanga nepo Australia ichigovera tsigiro yakajeka. Ikoku kunoderedza murangariro wokudzongonyedza ndokusimbisa kuva akakodzera kwemasangano ePNG amene.

Kuongorora Zvitsuwa zvePacific uye Chivako Chenharaunda

Australia inogona kushandisa mabudiro akawanda kuti iwedzere inzwi rePNG uye kugovera mutoro wokugovera kuteramo. Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) inogovera chikuva nokuda kwevimbiso dzechengeteko yeboka, kubatana kwezvemari, uye kurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika. Somuenzaniso, Biketawa Declaration inobvumira kupindira kwenharaunda mumigariro yenjodzi, nokubvumira kwakakodzera. Tsigiro yeAustralia nokuda kwegadziriro dzePIF inovimbisa kuti nhamburiko dzokudzikamisa hadzioneki sedzinodzorwa neCanberra chete.

Kuchengetedza Vanhu

Kuterama kwezvamatongerwe enyika muPNG pakupedzisira kwakavakirwa pagarikano yavanhu vayo. Muitiro wokumwe weAustralia unogona kuchinja donzo kubva pakukurukurirana kwakakwirira kusvikira kuchengeteko yavanhu: kusvika kuutano, dzidzo, ruramisiro, uye mukana wezvemari. Zvirongwa zvinosimbisa simba ravakadzi, basa roupwere, uye mapurisa enzanga zvakaratidza chipikirwa mukuderedza rwisano. ... PNG-Australia Health Preciated

mhedziso

Gadziriro yokumwe yeAustralia yakasimbiswa zvikuru mutsika yezvamatongerwe enyika yePapua New Guinea. Kubva kunhaka yehurumende yeyamuro kusvikira kupurogiramu dzeyamuro dzenguva ino, batira pamwe yechengeteko, uye kudzorwa kwemibatanidzwa yehurumende, zvisarudzo zveAustralia zvine tapuro dzakananga nedzinogara padzikamo yezvamatongerwe enyika yePNG. Ukama hahuna kubatsira kana kuti kukuvadza chose chose chose. Hunongova hwakaoma, hunokwikwikwidzanwa, uye nguva dzose. Ngozi hurusa iri mukubata PNG somugamuchiri wetsika yeAustralia panzvimbo pomubatanidzwa wayo nevavariro.

Kuti kuterama kwezvamatongerwe enyika kutsungirire, muitiro wokumwe weAustralia unofanira kushandisa dzikamo yakakomba pakati pepesvedzero nedzokupindira. Inofanira kuremekedza uchangamire hwaPNG nepo ichipa tsigiro yakasimba; inofanira kubvuma ganhuriro dzokunze apo inoshandisa mikana yokubatana kwechokwadi. Sezvo nharaunda yePacific inochinja nokukurumidza zvamatongerwe enyika nemhoteredzo, simba roukama hweAustralia nePNG richaedzwa (8) asi rinewo bviro yokugadza muenzaniso wokubatira pamwe kwokuremekedza kunosimudzira dzikamo nebudiriro zvemarudzi ose ari maviri.