Ukama pakati pemirayiro yebhizimisi yomunzvimbomo nemikana yebasa inhau inoumba simba remari munzanga munyika yose. Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo yemanisiparati inotapura sei kuumbwa kwebhizimisi, kufutunuka, uye basa kunobetsera vadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye vagadziri vemiitiro kuonga kutengeserana pakati pedziviriro dzevashandi, dziviriro dzemhoteredzo, uye kukura kwemari. Nyaya inonzvera miuyo yakasiana-- siyana yemiraudzo yomunzvimbomo pamisika yebasa, ichigovera kunzvera kwakadzikama kunogona kuzivisa kurukurirano dzekirasi nezvisarudzo chaizvoizvo zvenyika.

Kunzwisisa Mitemo Yebhizimisi Yomunzvimbomo

Mitemo yebhizimisi yomunzvimbomo mitemo yebhizimisi nemirau yokudzora inoitwa neguta, nyika, kana kuti hurumende dzeruwa kudzora mubato wezvokutengeserana mukati memadzoro adzo. Iyi mirau inovavarira kudzivirira utano hwavanhu, chengeteko, uye garikano asiwo inopesvedzera kuti mabhizimisi anogona kutanga, kushanda, uye kukura sei. Masangano makuru anobatanidza:

  • Kugamuchira uye kubvumidza - Zvinodikanwa nokuda kwokushandisa bhizimisi, kubva kumarezesi ebhizimisi kusvikira kumvumo chaidzo nokuda kwebasa rezvokudya, kuvaka, kana kuti mabasa ebasa.
  • [[FT:0] Mwero yeHeri nekotsekano[[FLT: 1] – Tragiro dzinodzora migariro yebasa, kubata zvokudya, ganhuriro dzokuvaka, uye kugadzirira kwekurumidziro.
  • [ Mitemo yetsika - Mitemo pamusoro pokuraswa kwetsvina, kubudiswa kwetsvina, kudzorwa kweruzha, uye kushandiswa kwenzvimbo uko mabhizimisi anofanira kutevera kuderedza kuvadziko yemhoteredzo.
  • [ Mitemo yemari [ - Mitemo yomunzvimbomo pamubhadharo muduku, mari yezororo rokurwara, kuronga, uye kurongwa kwomushandi.
  • Mitemo yeTSV [[[FLT: 1] – rezinesi rebhizimisi, mari inoripirwa mitero yakakomba, mitero yezvinhu, uye zviverengero chaizvo zvinosiana nenzvimbo.
  • Kuzivisa uye kushandisa nzvimbo [ - Miganhu pamusoro peapo marudzi akati amabhizimisi anogona kushanda, achitapura maruwa ezvokutengeserana, nzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye mabhizimisi akavakirwa pamusha.
  • Chiratidzo nokushambadzira - Mitemo pamusoro poukuru, kuiswa, uye kuvhenekerwa kwezviratidzo zvebhizimisi.

Somuenzaniso, guta riri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa ringaisa mitemo yakatsiga kuti ridzivirire mhenderekedzo yaro yegungwa, nepo guta rokumaruwa ringaisa miganhu miduku yezvipingamupinyi kuti ritengese mari.

Basa Remitemo Mumabasa Ebhizimisi

Mitemo inoumba mhoteredzo inoshanda munzira dzinoverengeka dzakakomba, ichipesvedzera chinhu chiri chose kuvambira pakuda kwokutanga kusvikira kukukura kwenguva refu. Kunzwisisa aya majekiseni kunobetsera kujekesa chikonzero nei murau mumwe chetewo uchigona kurumbidzwa navamwe uye kutsoropodzwa navamwe.

Mitengo Yokushandisa

Mitemo yose inoisa mutengo kuti iende kuitwe. Mabhizimisi anofanira kupedza nguva nemari pamapepa, kuongorora, kurovedza, zano remitemo, uye kudzikamiswa kwemitengo. Nokuda kwamasangano makuru, iyi ndyiko inowanzoshandiswa sechikamu chiduku chemari. Mabhizimisi maduku namavambo, zvisinei, kuzviisa pasi kunogona kupedza migove mizhinji yemari. Mushumo weNational Federation of Independent Business wakawana kuti vanasabhadhari vaduku vanopedza avhareji ye $2 000 pagore pahurumende, hurumende, uye kuzviisa pasi kwomunzvimbomo. Apo miraudzo yomunzvimbomo inowedzera mirwi, mutoro unogona kuodza bhizimisi kana kuti ushande pasina mapepa akafanira, zvichitungamirira kungozi dzapamutemo.

Kupinda Mune Zvokutengesa uye Makwikwi

Mitemo yomunzvimbomo yakakomba inogona kuita mhinganidzo kukupinda. Somuenzaniso, guta rinoda mvumo dzinodhura nokuda kwerori dzezvokudya ringaganhurira nhamba yavatengesi, kuderedza makwikwi nechisarudzo chavatengi. Nenzira inopesana, miitiro inodzokororwa inogona kusimudzira mamiriro ezvinhu ebhizimisi ane simba. Mukuwirirana neWorld Bank’s Doing Business mishumo, mari ine miitiro yokuvamba yakapfava inowanzova nemitengo yakakwirira zvikuru yegadziriro itsva yebhizimisi uye mwero yakaderera yemasanga.

Kudzivirirwa Kwevashandi Nemisika Yevashandi

Mitemo yavashandi yakadai semitemo inobhadharwa mishoma, mirayiro inobhadharwa, uye mitemo inorwisana nokusasarura yakagadzirwa kudzivirira vashandi. Painoshandiswa nokufunga, inogona kuvandudza mipimo yokurarama, kuderedza, uye kuwedzera basa. Zvisinei, kana ndyiko dzokuteerera dzichiva dzakakwirira zvikuru, vashandirwi vangadavidza nokupinza vashandi vashomanene, kuderedza maawa, kana kuti kutsiva kushanda nokushandisa motokari. Ukama pakati pemibairo inotanhanhanhanhanharo namabasa ndiimwe yemisoro yakadzidza zvikurusa muzvero, nokunzvera kuratidzira miuyo yakasiana - siana kupfurikidza nemisika yebasa yomunharaunda yenzvimbo dzamabasa nezvivako zveindasitiri.

Kuvandudza Nokugadziridza Kwemabasa Okugadzira Zvinhu

Mitemo inogona kunyandura kana kuti kumisa. Mitemo yemhoteredzo, somuenzaniso, yakasunda kutangwa kwemiitiro yezvokugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakachena namabasa akasvibira. Mumaguta anoraira kuti zvirongwa zvokuvaka zvinoshanda zvakanaka, mafemu okuvaka akaisa zvinhu zvitsva nemitoo, achiparira kudikanwa kwavashandi vane unyanzvi musimba rinomutsidzirwa uye gadziriro dzinotsigirwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, miraudzo inonyanyonyorwa ingavhara mumiitiro yechinyakare, inoodza kuedza nokuderedza kuchinjika kumigariro yomusika.

Kuchinja Kwazvakaita Mikana Yokuita Basa

Migumisiro yemirayiro yebhizimisi yomunzvimbomo pabasa yakaoma uye kazhinji kazhinji inotsamira pamashoko akapoteredza. Nepo mirau inogona kudzivirira vashandi ndokusimudzira kukura kwavose, inogonawo kuva nemigumisiro isina kurongwa inoganhurira kugadzirwa kwebasa.

Migumisiro Yakanaka

  • [ Kugadzira basa mumaindasitiri ari kuvamba. Mitemo yomunzvimbomo inotsigira simba rinomutsidzirwa, kugadzirwazve, kufambiswa kwavose, kana kuti imba inotengeseka inogona kuita basa rakananga. Somuenzaniso, maguta ane mitemo yechivako chegirini chakasimba aona kukura mumabasa nokuda kwavacheri vemagetsi, vagadziri vezuva, uye vanogadzira mapurani ezuva vanotsigirwa.
  • [ Unyanzvi hwokushanda. Hunoronga nokuda kwokurovedza mushandi, zvibvumikiso zvokukotsekana, kana kuti dzidzo inopfuurira inogona kukwidziridza kunaka kwenzvimbo yebasa. Vashandirwi vanoziviswa kazhinji kazhinji vanoraira mibairo yakakwirira zvikuru uye vanofarikanya mabasa akatsiga zvikuru.
  • [ chengeteko yebhizimisi nechivimbo. Mitemo inovimbisa makwikwi akanaka, zvokwadi mukushambadzira, uye kwezvakagadzirwa zvinosimudzira chivimbo chomutengi. Mhoteredzo inodeya kuzivikanwa inokurudzira kuisa mari mubhizimisi kwenguva refu, kubatanidza kuwedzera basa.
  • [[FT:0] Kuderedza kushandiswa zvisina kufanira. Mitemo yebasa yakadai semari inobhadharwa nguva yakawandisa, zvinodikanwa zvokuputsa, uye kurwisana nenzvimbo dzakashata dzinoparira nzvimbo dzebasa dzakakotsekana, idzo dzinogona kuderedza shavo ndokukwezva tarendi riri nani.

Tapuro Dzakashata

  • [[FLT: 0] Ndyiko dzakakwirira dzebasa dzinotungamirira kukurongera mashata kana kuti kubvisa basa. Apo mibairo yakaderera yomunzvimbomo inowedzera zvikuru pasina mhindu inowirirana, mabhizimisi maduku angaderedza kushanda kwavashandi kana kuti kuchinjirwa kumabasa enguva isina kuzara kuti atarisire mitoro inotakurirwa.
  • inodzorwa kukukura. ganhuriro dzinoganhurira kuvaka nzvimbo yakakwirira kana kuti nharaunda youriri dzinogona kudzivisa makambani anokura kukwira munzvimbo imwe cheteyo, kuvamanikidzira kutamira kudzimwe nzvimbo kana kuti kurega kukura.
  • Chiratidzo chakanyanyisa chemari.[[FLT: 1] Kunyanyisa kunogona kusunda mabhizimisi pachivande. Basa ramasanga kazhinji kazhinji harina betsero, chengeteko yebasa, uye dziviriro dzapamutemo, richisekesa nharidzano dzimene mirau yakarongedzerwa kuti isvike.
  • Kuderedza bhizimisi. Miitiro yemvumo yemvumo nendyiko dzakakwirira dzokutanga zvinodzivisa vatengesi vanotsvaka bhizimisi, zvikurukuru avo vanobva mumigariro yakaregeredza. Kufunda 2022 neKauffman Foundation kwakawana kuti kuoma kwemitezo yetsika chinhu chinokosha mukuderera kwemwero yemavambo pakati penzanga dzinowana mari dzakaderera.
  • Kutapura kwapamabhizimisi maduku. Uketani hukuru kazhinji kazhinji hune madhipatimendi okuteerera akatsaurirwa, nepo zvitoro zvamai nepopa zvinofanira kutsaudzira nguva yamuridzi kure navatengi vanobatira. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kukuisa basa romusika uye mabasa mashoma mumugariro wemari womunzvimbomo.

Kuongorora Nyaya Dzokudzokororwa Kwezvinhu Zvomunzvimbomo Nemabasa

Fundo 1: Kuwa Kwemari Kunowedzera Zvishoma Mumaguta Makuru

Muna 2014, Seattle yakatanga kuwedzera mari yaidiwa kusvika pa $55 paawa, imwe yemibato yakakwirira zvikuru munyika panguva iyoyo. Vanzveri vakasanodzidza migumisiro yebasa. Imwe fundo yepaYunivhesiti yeWashington yakawana kuti kunyange zvazvo mari yakakurumbira yakakwira zvikuru nokuda kwavashandi vakaderera, maawa akaderedzwa, uye mari yose yaitambirwa vashandi vejob yakawedzera zvishoma. Zvisinei, dzimwe zvidzidzo dzinoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzakawana kuti hapana zvadzinokanganisa mabasa. Speattle inoratidza kuti migumisiro yemitemo inobhadhara mishoma inotsamira pazvinhu zvakadai sekugadzirwa, kuvhenganiswa kwemaindasitiri, uye mamiriro ezve zvoupfumi. Kukurukurirana kwakafanana kwave kunoitwa mumaguta akafanana neSan Francisco, New York City, uye Chicago, uko vagadziri vemiitiro vemo vanoramba kuwiriranwa kuti vashambadzirirwe nebhizimisi.

Fundo Yenhau 2: Mitemo Yemhoteredzo Nemabasa Egirini Anokura

Mitemo yemhoteredzo yakakomba yeCalifornia yakarumbidzwa nokutsoropodzwa. Purogiramu yehurumende, mipimo yechekufambisa yemakepisi neyechipiri, uye mitemo yokubudisa motokari zvakanyandura chikamu chamagetsi chinobudirira. Maererano neCalifornia Moloking Development Development Department, nhamba yemabasa mukugadzira zuva, kuisa zvinhu, uye kugadziriswa kwakakura na 80% pakati pa 2015 na 2023. Zvisinei, vatsoropodzi vanonongedzera kukurasikirwa nebasa mukugadzira nokurima semari inotengwa. Mutengo wesimba pahwerengedzo pabasa rose unokakavadzana, asi chiitiko chacho chinoratidza kuti muganhu webasa unogona kukudza sei mabhizimisi: mamwe mabasa apo mamwe mabasa anobvumiranwa. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinogona kuderedza migumisiro yakaipa nokupa purogiramu dzokuchinja nokuchinja uye kutsigira mapurogiramu evashandi vanenge vadzingadzinga.

Fundo Yenhau 3: Kugadzira Mari Nebasa Rokugadzira Zvinhu

Hurumende dzakawanda dzomunzvimbomo dzinoda marezenisi ebasa nokuda kwemabasa anobva muruzivo rwechisiko chose kusvikira kurugadziridzo rwemusha. Nepo aya marezenisi achivavarira kudzivirira vatengi kupfurikidza nokuvimbisa mabasa mashoma, anogonawo kuganhurira mikana yebasa nokuda kwavanhu vane pfuma yakaganhurirwa kuti vabhadhare nokuda kwerovedzo nebvunzo. Mukupindura, mamwe maguta akavamba kuderedza zvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa mabasa akaderera. Somuenzaniso, 201 yechinjo muLouisville, Kentucky, yakabvisa kugadzira maaslassing nokuda kwebasa gumi nerimwe, kubatanidza vachemi uye vachemi vemikoro, kuti vasarudze kupinda. Kuziva kwokutanga kunoratidza kuderera kwemifungo mumabhizimisi matsva uye pasina kuwedzera kunyunyuto. Ikoku kukura kwemifungo mumibato kuti iko yokuwana basa rishandururwe pasina kupfuutsa.

Mazano Okudzikamisa Mitemo Nokukura KwaJobho

Vaiti vemitemo, vatungamiriri vebhizimisi, uye vatsigiri venzanga vanogona kushandisa mitoo inoverengeka yemirayiro yemaoko inodzivirira fariro dzavose pasina kudzvinyirira basa.

Zvirongwa Zvokuita Mvura

Kushandisa mapepa anobvumira mapepa okunyorera, kuongorora, uye kupa mazano akajeka kunogona kuderedza nguva uye mabhizimisi emabhizimisi anopedza papepa.Maguta akadai seAustin, Texas, anoshandisa mahotera epaIndaneti anobvumira mabhizimisi kukumbira mvumo dzakawanda panguva imwe chete, zvichideredza nguva yokubvumira neavhareji ye40%.

Vabati Muhurumende

Pakuita mirayiro mitsva, hurumende dzemo dzinofanira kukumbira zvinenge zvichitaurwa nemabhizimisi, vashandi, uye masangano enzanga. Kutongwa kwedare, madare okuongorora, uye mapurogiramu evatyairi vendege zvinogona kubatsira kuziva migumisiro isingadiwi nokukurumidza. Somuenzaniso, Portland, Oregon, akashandisa boka rinoshandisa mapurisa kuti rigadzirire zororo raro rinorwara raibhadharwa, zvichiguma nenguva yenhambo yepamabhizimisi maduku kuti agadzirire.

Kutsigira Kushandira Pamwe

Mabhizimisi maduku kazhinji kazhinji haana zviwirirano zvapamutemo nezvemari zvokushandisa mipimo yakaoma. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinogona kupa betsero yapachena kana kuti yakaderera yemari, yakadai semashopu okushandira, mabharani, uye magwaro okuedzesera. Mamwe mataundi ane makoreji enzanga kugovera rovedzo pazvinodikanwa zvehurumende, kubetsera vashambadzi kuramba vachiteerera pasina kupinza mapeja anodhura.

Kugara Uchiongorora uye Kupisa Zuva

Mitemo inofanira kurangarirwa nguva nenguva kuva nechokwadi chokuti ichiri inoshanda uye iri madikanwa. Zvikamu zvemashoko zvinongoerekana zvagumisa mitemo yakagadzwa pashure pechiverengero chamakore kutoti hurumende ichiivandudza nokushingaira. Iyi mirau inoyerazve nguva nenguva ndokuderedza kuunganidzwa kwezvinodikanwa zvechinyakare. Somuenzaniso, Virginia inoshandisa gadziriro yokuhwirudzura yakabvisa mitemo inopfuura 1 500 yekare kana kuti inonyorwa kubvira muna 2012.

Kusarudzwa Kwemabhizimisi Maduku

Vachiziva kuti mitemo yose inogona kuputsa bhizimisi duku, dzimwe nzvimbo dzinovhozhokera mabhizimisi ane nhamba yakati yavashandi vasingasviki mirau inodhura zvikurusa. Somuenzaniso, mitero yakawanda inobhadharwa inosiya mabhizimisi anosunungura navashandi vasingasviki 5 kana kuti 10, inoabvumira kukura asati aita mimwe mitoro yokuwedzera. Vatsoropodzi vanopikisa kuti ava vashandi vari mumafemu maduku asina kudzivirirwa, asi vanoarangarira senzira yokuchengetedza nayo mikana yokutanga.

Basa Revapfumi Vakawanda

Kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, zvinoda kuti vatambi vabatane:

  • [ Hurumende dzenharaunda dzinofanira kuisa mitemo yakajeka, isingachinji uye kuisa mari mukuita kuti zvinhu zvive zvakarurama uye zvinodzidzisa panzvimbo pokuranga.
  • [ Varidzi vebhizimisi vanofanira kutora rutivi nokushingaira mumuitiro wokutungamirira, vachigovera mashoko nemhinduro chaiyoiyo yenyika kuumba miitiro inoshanda.
  • Vashandi namasangano ebasa vanogona kutsigira dziviriro nepo vachibvuma budiriro yamabhizimisi anoashandisa.
  • Masangano ekomunipani uye mabhuroko asingabetseri anogona kubetsera mipata, kupa zviwanikwa zvokubetsera mabhizimisi kuwirirana uye vashandi kunzwisisa maruramiro awo.
  • Masangano edzidzo [ anoita basa kupfurikidza nokugadzirira vamabhizimisi navashandi vomunguva yemberi kuti vadzore nzvimbo dzinotungamirira uye kupfurikidza nokunzvera kunozivisa muitiro wakavakirwa paufakazi.

Nokuda kwokuravazve pamusoro pemiitiro yakanakisisa, U.S. U. Office yebhizimisi duku inopa nhungamiro pamusoro pezvirongwa zvemazamu nemvumo, nepo World Bank’s Business Ennating Environment[[[FLT:]] inogovera kuenzanisa kwemawere. [[FLT:]] Bhureauau yeMitengo yeMitemo yeBasitiki inoita kuti basa risaruke nokuchinja kwokuchinja. Kuwedzera, [[FLT:]] Kaffan Foundation Foundation [[FL:]]]

mhedziso

Mitemo yemirayiro yebhizimisi yomunzvimbomo pamikana yebasa haina kunaka kana kuti yakaipa. Mitemo yakarongeka nenzira yokufunga inogona kudzivirira vashandi, mhoteredzo, uye vatengi vachingokwanisa kubetsera upfumi. Zvisina kurongwa kana kuti mirau yakanyanyisa, zvisinei, inogona kuvhunga kushata bhizimisi uye kuderedza basa, zvikurukuru pakati pevanhu vasina dziviriro. Chinokosha chiri mukurukurirano inopfuurira, gadziridzo dzemashoko, uye kuzvipira kudzika mifungo inokwikwikwidza. Vadzidzi, musoro uyu unopa nzvimbo yakapfuma yokufunga kwokutsoropodza, kunzvera, kurongeka, uye kuvimbisana kwenzanga. Nokunzwisisa miganhuro yemitemo yomunzvimbomo, chizvarwa chinotevera chavatungamiriri chinogona kubetsera kugadziridza zvose zviri zviviri zvakarurama nebudiriro munzanga dzavo.