Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu chakagadzwa pana 10 April 1998 uye chaiwanzonzi Belfast Agreement / yakaguma namakumi matatu amakore erwisano yamasimba masimba muNorthern Ireland. Nepo vanhu vazhinji vachikuziva sechibvumirano chorugare icho chakatangwa chinoitwa maruramiro esimba anobatira, zviitwa zvinooneka zvishoma asi zvinokosha zvakaenzana inzira yachinokurukura nayo zvakananga mibvunzo yezivikanwo nenhaka yetsika. Nhau idzi dzakanga dzave dziri panzvimbo yapakati pezvinetso, uye gadziriro dzechibvumirano dzakasanogadzirwa pamusoro pezivikanwo, zviratidzo, kodzero dzomutauro, uye rukuremekedza zvakaparira gadziriro yazvose zviri zviviri kuzvibvumira kuona nenzira yakananga munhevedzano itsva yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Zvinetso Nezvinokonzera Kusawirirana Panyaya Yokuzivikanwa

Kunzwisisa chikonzero nei Good Freentunt Agreement yaifanira kutarisana nokuzivikanwa uye nhaka yetsika, munhu anofanira kutanga kunzwisisa kuti aya masimba akanyandura sei rwisano. Northern Ireland yakasikwa muna 1921 nekamuraniswa kakavakwa kwechiverengero chavagari vemo: vazhinji vePurotesitendi avo vakaziviswa seBritain uye vaida kuramba vari rutivi rweUnited Kingdom, uye vashoma veKaturike vaizivikanwa seIreland uye vaishuva kubatana neIreland. Iyi rwisano yakanga isiri bedzi yezvamatongerwe enyika; yakanga yakatekeshera rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu, basa, dzidzo, uye kunyange mauto akamhanya panzvimbo dzeguta. Kwamakumi amakore, mubatanidzwa wehurumende wakadzora hurumende, uye vagari vomunyika vakafunga kuti kuzivikanwa kwavo kweIreland kwakanga kwave kwakaderedzwa, kusingafarirwi, uye tsika dzavo dzetsika dzakaregwa. Pakupera kwa1960, boka rehurumende, dzidzo, uye kudzodzodzodzo dzoudzo dzoudzo dzoudzo dzamauto echiuto ramauto aidzongeri dzinoteverwa zvikuru. Varwi vanobva muhondo vanobva mumarudzi vakatongedzedzedzeke zvikuru; vanozviziva kuto

Chibvumirano Chakanaka CheChishanu Sechisakiso Chokuzivikanwa

Chibvumirano cheGood Friver Augniment chinotaura nezvechizivikanwo chakati. Kusafanana nezviedza zvakapfuura zvorugare, haina kuedza kubatanidza kana kuti kubvisa misiano. Panzvimbo pezvo, yakabvuma kuti British neIreland izivikanwo dzose dziri mbiri dzapamutemo uye kuti nguva yemberi yeNorthern Ireland yaizosarudzwa nemvumo, kwete simba. Uku kuwirirana kunowirirana mugadziriro huru dzinoverengeka.

Nheyo Yokubvuma Nokuzviruramisa

Chikamu 1 chebvumirano yacho chinotaura kuti vanhu veNorthern Ireland vane kodzero yokuzvizivisa vamene seIreland, British, kana kuti zvose zviri zviviri. Ikoku kunonzwika kuva nyore, asi kwakanga kuri kwokuchinja. Kwenguva yokutanga, gwaro rinosungirwa ramarudzi ose rakaziva kuti kuzivikanwa kworudzi chisarudzo icho nyika inofanira kudzivirira. Yakasimbisawo kuti mugariro webumbiro remitemo weNorthern Ireland waigona kuchinja bedzi kana voruzhinji vayo vakavhotera kubatanidzwa neRiphabliki reIreland (Rwanda) inobvisa tyisidziro yesimba kubva kumativi ose. Iyi nheyo yebvumirano yakapa vabatanidzwa kuti kuzivikanwa kwavo kweBritain kusati kuchizova kusingashatiwiwi, nechero yorugare, apo vezvoruzhinji vakawana nzira yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yokuronda kuti varonde nharidzano dzavo.

Kuyera Ruremekedzo

Chinhu chinokosha chebvumirano yacho ipfungwa ye “kusiyana kworuremekedzo”."Ndokufunga kuti zvose zviri zviviri magamuchidzanwa, British neIrish, zvinofanira kubatwa noruremekedzo rwakaenzana muupenyu hwavanhu vose. Ikoku hakusati kuri chishuvo chisina kujeka; kune revo dzinoshanda nokuda kwemashandire anoita masangano ehurumende, kuti mari inogoverwa navose sei, uye kuti kutaura kwetsika kunoitwa sei. Kuremekedza kunoreva kuti zviratidzo zvenzanga, nhau, kana kuti mutauro hazvisi zvakaropafadzwa pane zvomumwe. Kunosungirwa kuti nyika itsigire kunzwisisa kukuru pakati peIFM panzvimbo pokungozvibvumira.

Kodzero, Dziviriro, uye Mukana Wakaenzana

Chibvumirano chinobatanidza mubatanidzwa mukuru wekodzero dzinopfuura kungoti kusawirirana. Inoita kuti hurumende yeUK i “pedzise kupinza mutemo weEuropean Convention on Human Rights" uye kugadza Dare reHurumende reNorthern Ireland Rights Commission. Inoumbawo Dare reSangano reSangano reKuyera kubata zvakanaka muzvikamu zvipfumbamwe, kubatanidza chitendero chorudzidziso uye pfungwa dzezvematongerwe enyika. Masangano aya anopa vanhu ruvimbiko kana kuzivikanwa kwavo kana kuti nhaka yavo yetsika ikakanganiswa. Kupfuurirazve, chibvumirano chinoda kuti zviremera zvose zvehurumende zvitsigire kuenzana kwemikana yebasa rokuwana .(a)

Masangano Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Anoratidzira Kuzivikanwa

Chibvumirano cheGood Friver Augnity chakaumba gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yakarongedzerwa kumanikidza batira pamwe pakati pavamiriri venzanga dzakasiana - siana; inhauwo pamusoro pokuti ndiani ane simba uye kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei.

Gungano Rokuchamhembe kweIreland Noudzori

Gungano rinosarudzwa nokumiririra kwomubatanidzwa nechezvourudzi, zvinoreva kuti zvose zviri zviviri zvigaro zvinongoenzana nokuvhota kwavo. Asi chinodikanwa chaichoicho chinoreva kuti Mutungamiriri(wn) hurumende (jee inoumbwa neboka guru kubva pazita rimwe nerimwe (mubatanidzwa wenyika, mubatanidzwa, uye “rimwe”). Iri boka revhomoni rinobatana rinoreva kuti hapana boka rimwe ringadzora. Mushumiri wokutanga nomutevedzeri weMutungamiriri Wekutanga ibasa rimwe chete, akasarudzwa nevoruzhinji vanobatanidza vabatanidzwa vose mubatanidzwa wehurumende nevenyika imwe. Chivako ichi chinovimbisa kuti mhatsano inovakirwa mumichina yehurumende chaiyo, kwete kungowedzerawo.

Kugadzira Nokugadzira Kwomubato Wokusangana

Kudzivisa nzanga imwe kusadzongonyedza kupfurikidza nomutemo unorwisana nezvido zvomumwe, Gungano rinoshandisa miitiro chaiyo yokuvhota nokuda kweinonzi “zvisarudzo zvinokosha.” Izvi zvinoda voruzhinji vevose vari vaviri vabatanidzwa navanoumba nyika yose zvavose (kubvumirana) kana kuti voruzhinji vanorema 60%, kubatanidza inenge 40% yezita rimwe nerimwe. Ikoku kunoreva kuti chikarakadzo chipi nechipi chinotapura nhaka yetsika cheIrish Language Act kana kuti muitiro wokubhururuka mureza weUnion (zvinofanira kuwina tsigiro kugura nokukamu.Vatsoropote vanoramba ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kukuoma, asi vatsigiri vanoti chinovimbisa kuti nhau dzokuda kuziva dzinobatwa nebvumirano.

Mheto yeNorth- South neEast-West

Chizivikanwo muNorthern Ireland hachina kuganhurirwa kumaruwa matanhatu. Chibvumirano chakaumba Dare roUshumiri reNorth-South kuti riunganidze vashumiri vanobva Belfast neDublin kuti vabatirane panhau dzakadai sezvokufambisa, kurima, uye /_Zvekunetsa(() zvirongwa zvedzidzo nemitauro. Ikoku kunopa vagari vomunyika yeIrish batano chaiyo kuRepublic uye kuziva chizivikanwo chavo cheIreland. Simultaish Council inobatanidza hurumende dzeUK, Ireland, vadzori vezvokudzora mitauro, uye Hurumende yeHurumende, zvinosimbisa ukama hwechibvumirano neBritain.

Kudzivirirwa Uye Kutaurwa Kwetsika

Kunze kwegadziriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika, Good Frinth Agreement ine misengwa chaiyo kunhaka yetsika.

Kodzero Dzemitauro: Irish neUlster Scots

Chibvumirano chinotaura zvakananga nezvemitauro miviri miduku muNorthern Ireland: Irish (Gaeilge) ne Ulster Scots (Ulstèr-Scotch). Chikamu chekodzero chinotaura kuti “vose vanotora rutivi vanonzwisisa ukoshi hweruremekedzo, nzwisiso nokushivirira mumitezo inopesana yemitauro” uye kuti“Hurumende yeBritain ichatora matanho akatsunga kusimudzira mutauro. Iyi chipikirwa chakatungamirira kukusikwa kwaNaas Gaege, muchinjizi wemichinjikwa unoparirawo kusimudzira Ireland, uye Ulster Scots Agend yakatungamirira kuzivisa mitauro. Mukurovedza, mari yehurumende yeIreland, inotsigira kubudiswa kwezvikoro zveIrish, uye kugovera mabasa okushandura. [FL:] rugwaro rwakazara rwechiutolst [FFFUR.] runonyorawo ruwaro rwekuzivikanwa nerwe nomurwiyo rwemichenje, Scro, SCK, SC.

Pasinei zvapo neiyi fambiro mberi, mutauro uchiri nzvimbo inokakavadzana. Vatambi veCampaign for the Irish Language Act(a stalaone yemutemo weIrish unopa mugariro wehurumende yavanhu kwemakore, nenhau yave ichiparira kurwisana kwezvamatongerwe enyika paSponsont. The New Head.

Zviratidzo Nezviratidzo

Hapana nyaya yakakamuraniswa nzanga dzinopfuura zvikuru kuratidzwa kwemireza nokubata mafora. Chibvumirano hachisi kurayira chigadzikiso chimwe chezviratidzo zvomunzvimbomo, asi chine nheyo dzakatungamirira murairo wakatevera. Inozivisa “kodzero dzenzanga dzose dziri mbiri kuti... dziratidze zviratidzo zvavo zvetsika” uye inokurudzira“ kushandiswa kwezviratidzo nemutauro muupenyu hwepachena.” Mukuita izvi, zvakatungamirira basa rimwe rezvibvumirano zvomunzvimbomo. Dzimwe taundi dzinobhururuka mureza weUnion, dzimwe dzinobhururuka mureza weIrish mitatu pamazuva akati, uye shavi dzinodzosa mureza mushomanene. Dare zvino rinodzosa makwikwidza anomutsa magariro anomutsa.

Dzidzo uye Kugoverana Nhau

Dzidzo yakanga iri hondo mukati meNharo, ine miitiro yezvikoro yakasiana inodzidzisa nhauro dzakasiyana- siyana. Chibvumirano chinoraira “kukutangwa kwegadziriro yedzidzo iyo inobatana, inosimudzira kushivirira nokunzwisisana.” Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukukura muzvikoro zvinobatanidzwa neKaturike (papo vana vazhinji vePurotesitendi neKaturike vanodzidza pamwe chete.) Kunyange zvazvo vazhinjisa vavadzidzi vachiri kupinda muruwa (kakurukurukuru vaPurotesitendi) kana kuti zvikoro zveKaturike. Muna 2007, Northern Ireland idzidzo yedzidzo dzinotanga “Indaneti neGloban joiceticshipt" iro rinobatanidza zvidzidzo pamusoro perwisano, zita, uye kodzero dzavanhu. [FLT][FLT][FF:1] uye gare gare gare kushandira zvinyorwa nezvinozivikanwa zvose, zvinogoverawo kuwana dzidzo munzanga.

Kukurukura Nezvatakasiyirwa Uye Kutsungirira Matambudziko

Pasinei nokubudirira kwaro, Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu hachina kupedza kunetseka kwakavakirwa pazivikanwo nokukurumidza.

Basa Rebasa Revanyajambwa Navakapukunyuka

Chinotangira muna 2009, basa iri rinoshanda kuti ritsigire kutambura kwevanhu vose, pasinei nokuti ndivanaani. Mari inogadzirisa zvirongwa zvokutonga, zvirongwa zvenhau zvinotaurwa, uye kuedza kuranga. Zvisinei, pachine kusabvumirana pamusoro penzira yokurondedzera nayo “vhictim” uye kana kukanganisa kuchigamuchirwa. Mishumo yedare racho inosimbisa kudiwa kwokuramba uchitaura nezvenhaka nenzira isingavhuri maronda.

Kubvumirana Pamba Nemagadziriro Etsika

Muna 2014, mapoka akasaina dutu reSponsont House Agreement, iro raida kugadzirisa zvimwe zvinhu zvakanga zvasara zvenhaka. Rakakarakadza kuumbwa kweInstitutions Unit neIndependent Commission for Information Regate. Nhamba dzakabatanidzawo matanho okubata nezvakaitika kare, kusanganisira kuisa pfungwa pakurangaridza uye kuyeuka. Urongwa uhwu hunoda kubatsira vanhu kutarisana nenhau dzavo pasina kurwisana. Vachiri kuumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma asi vanoratidza kuti kuzivikanwa nenhaka zvinoramba zviri chinhu chinokosha pakugadziriswa kworugare.

Nharo Dzapamberi Pacho: Kuzivikanwa, Brexit, uye Tsika

Chisarudzo cheUK chokusiya mativi ezivikanwo eEuropean Union yakavhurazve. Vagari vemo vakawanda navagari vemo vakatya kuti Brexit vaizoomesa muganhu neRepublic yeIreland, vachityisidzira zvisungo zvekuziva kuti inyika dzakafanana zvavanokoshesa. Chisarudzo chakaguma neNorthern Ireland Protocol, chakachengeta nzvimbo yacho mumusika mumwe weEUUNIO nokuda kwezvinhu, zvakatsamwisa vagari vomubatanidzwa vazhinji vaifunga kuti kuzivikanwa kwavo kweBritain kwakasekeswa nokuva nemitemo yetsika dzakasiyana- siyana kubva kuGreat Britain. Uku kusawirirana kunoratidza kuti kuzivikanwa nenhaka hakuchinji; zvinochinja nezvinoitika zvamatongerwe enyika. Chibvumirano chibvumirano chakanaka chePendeko chePendeko chePendeko reChishanu, chirevo, chirevo, uye kuyambuka masangano echikwata chakanakisisa nokuda kwokutarisira kusawirirana nezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mugumisiro: Muenzaniso Wemasangano Epashure PeConlict

Chibvumirano cheGood Chishanu chinomira seimwe yenzvimbo dzorugare dzinobudirira zvikurusa munhau yazvino uno nemhaka bedzi yokuti chakarangarira kuzivikanwa nenhaka yetsika zvakakomba. Panzvimbo pokuramba musiyano wetsika, chakavaka gadziriro inokarira musiano ndokuparira miitiro yokuubata pasina masimba masimba. Gadziriro dzayo pamusoro pokuzvibatanidza, maruramiro omutauro, maruramiro esimba, uye zviratidzo zvinopfuudzwa zvakapa nzanga dzose dziri mbiri danda muNorst Northern Ireland. Hapana munhu angataura kuti chibvumirano chapedza chiziviso chiri chose, mireza, uye kodzero dzomutauro zvichiri kuparira mitsetse yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Uyu mutoo wakapesvedzera mimwe miitiro yorugare, kubva kuSouth Africa kusvikira kuColombia. Chidzidzo chakajeka: Rugare rupi norupi runogara munzanga yakakamukana runofanira kupedza midzi mikuru yezivikanwo nenhaka yetsika, kwete chete zviratidzo zvepamusoro zverwisano. Sezvo Northern Ireland inopfuurira kudzora vhiringidziko dzeBrexit, chinjo yechiverengero chavagari vemo, uye kuchinja kwechizvarwa, gadziriro yefariro yeGood Wear Fear Agreement pazivikan uye tsika dzinogovera hwaro hwakasimba hwokuvaka nguva yemberi inogoverana apo inoremekedza mararamiro akasiyana.