Sumo: Basa reRaje Sabha muMuitiro Webhajeti weIndia

Dare Rokuronga Mari ndiyo mashoko ezvemari anokosha zvikurusa eHurumende yeIndia, richibudisa zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinopinzwa uye zvinoshandiswa nokuda kwegore riri kuuya. Nepo Lok Sabha, seimba yakasarudzwa zvakananga, ine chiremera chikuru panhau dzemari, Rajiya Sabhaha — Dare reUnited States — rinoita basa rakasiyana uye rinorondedzerwa nenzira yemitemo mumuitiro wemitemo yemari yokubvumira. Uyu muitiro hausi muitirowo zvawo unongova unorangarirwa nenzira yakarongwa; muitiro unotambudza wokuva nechokwadi, kumirira fariro dzeruwa, uye kuchengeta gadziriro yechekero nedziri dzemari muparamende yeIndia.

Kunzwisisa kuti Rajiya Sabba anobata sei bhajeti kunoda kunyura kukuru mugadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo, mitemo yetsika, uye kubatanidzwa kunoshanda pakati pedzimba mbiri dzeParamende. Nyaya inopa kunzverwa kwakakwana, kune chiremera kwedanho riri rose remari inorangarirwa muRajiya Sabhaha, ganhuriro dzayo dzebumbiro remitemo, revo dzehurumende nokuzvidavirira, uye gakava rinopfuurira rakapoteredza kushanda kwayo.

Chirongwa cheBumbiro reMitemo Chokurangarira Rokubhadharwa MuRaje Sabhaha

Masimba ezvemari eRaje Sabha haana kuenzana neayo eLok Sabha. Bumbiro reMitemo reIndia, zvikurukuru Articles 109 ne 110, anoisa musiano wakajeka pakati peMari nemumwe mutemo wemari. Uyu musiyano unoumba zvakananga kubatanidzwa kwerapya Sabba mubhajeti.

Kurondedzera Bhizi Remari

Chikamu 110 chinorondedzera Mari sebhiri rine gadziriro bedzi dzinobata nenhau dzemari dzakati — dzakadai sokuisa mari, kubvisa, kanganwiro, kuchinja, kana kuti murairo wemitero; kuchengetwa kwePhiko yeIndia yakasimbiswa; kana kuti kubviswa kwemari muhomwe iyoyo. Mutauri weLok Sabha anoderedza kana chikwereti chiri Bill yeMoney, uye chibvumirano ichocho chiri chokupedzisira uye chisingazaruriri kudenha mudare ripi neripi.

Bhiro reProfeya uye Bhili reMari, iro rinoumba musimboti wemari, rinowanzotangwa seMari. Izvi zvine revo huru nokuda kwebasa raRajiya Sabha:

  • Raje Sabra haagoni kuramba kana kuti kugumisa Bhiro yeMari, iyo Lok Sabha angagamuchira kana kuti kuramba.
  • Raje Sabra anofanira kudzorera mari inonzi Bill kuLok Sabba mumazuva 14 okupiwa risiti yayo.
  • Kana Raje Sabra akarumbidza kugadziriswa, Lok Sabha angagamuchira chipi kana kuti zvose, uye chikwereti chinobva chanzi chapfuudzwa muchimiro chakagadziridzwa. Kana Lok Sabha akaramba rumbidzo dzose, zvibvumikiso zvacho zvinopfuudzwa muchimiro chapakuvamba.

Mabhiri Ezvemari Asina Mari

MaBhii ezvemari ayo asati ari Mabhii eMari (zvireva kuti, ane gadziriro dzinopfuura mwero weChikamu 110, zvakadai senhau dzendyiko dzavose idzo dzinobatanidzawo chinjo dzemiitiro yehurumende) anotevera muitiro wemitemo wavose. Muzvinoitika izvi, Raje Sabha Sabha ine masimba akaenzana etsika: anogona kupedza, kuramba, kana kuti kunonotsa zvikwereti zvakadaro. Izvi zvinobatanidza zvikwereti zvinotsvaka kutanga masangano matsva avose kana kuti kuisa misengwa mitsva yemari inokundikana kunze kwerondedzero huru yemari Bill.

Zvikamu Zvakadzama Zvekubvumirwa Kwebhajeti MuRaje Sabhaha

Nepo Lok Sabha iri Imba inobvumira bhajeti kupfurikidza nokupfuudzirwa kwezvinodikanwa zvaGrants, Raja Sabha anotanga kuvimbisana pashure pokunge bhajeti yapiwa muLok Sabbaha uye inopfuurira nomumativi anoverengeka akasiyana. Muitiro unodzorwa neMitemo yeProcedure neShumba yeBhizinesi muRaja Sabra.

Chikamu 1: Kupa uye Kukurukuriranawo zvako

Dare Rokubhajeta reSabian rinowanzopiwa naMutungamiriri weMari muLok Sabhaha musi wa1 February. Rajiya Sabha anogamuchira magwaro emari yemari panguva imwe cheteyo, uye kurukurirano yavose pamusoro pemari inoitirwa muRajiya Sabba pashure pehurukuro yeMari. Iyi kurukurirano, inowanzogara mazuva maviri kusvikira kumana, inobvumira mitezo kutsinhira pamusoro pemipimo yemari — zvinhu zvayo, zvisaririra zvemari, uye kugoverwa muzvikamu. Hapana kuvhotaro kunoitika mukati mechikamu chino cheProngedzero yeMaripiti yeProjimendi inobetsera mirangariro yavose neyapamasangano.

Chivako 2: Kunzvera Nematare Akagadzwa neBato

Pashure pekurukurirano yavose, bhajeti inonongedzerwa ku Dare rinogara richiita basa rikasainwa kunzi risainwa kunzi risainwa. DSC imwe neimwe inofukidza mabasa akananga — somuenzaniso, Dare reMari rinobata Minisionare yeMari, Dare reMitunhu yeHome rinobata Minisiona, zvichingodaro. Raja Sabha rine kuvapo kwakasimba paaya matare, nemitezo inokweviwa kubva kudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Matare aya:

  • Ongorora Zvinodiwa NevaGrant Veushumiri Hwakasiyana - siyana.
  • Vakuru vakuru, nyanzvi, uye vachengeti vezvibvumirano nokuda kwoufakazi nemitemo yakanyorwa.
  • Gadzirira mishumo inoongorora nzvimbo dzinonzi dziende, iratidze nzvimbo dzinonzi dziende, uye simbisa mikana yokuenda.
  • Isa mishumo yazvo kudzimba dzose dziri mbiri Kurayira kwaGrant kusati kwavhoterwa muLok Sabha.

Mishumo yedare haisungi hurumende, asi ine ukoshi hunokosha hwetsika nezvamatongerwe enyika. Mubasa, gadziridzo dzakawanda dzehurumende negadziridzo dzokushandisa dzinopesvedzerwa nemishumo iyi. PRS Legislative Research[ yakanyora zvinoitika zvakawanda apo rumbidzo dzedare dzakatungamirira kukugadziridza migove yebhajeti.

Chikamu 3: Kufunga Nezvemapepa Emari

Kana Lok Sabha angopfuudza Nhevedzo dzeGrants, hurumende inosuma Appropriation Bill neBhili reMari. Sezvo idzodzi dziri Mari, basa raRajiya Sabhaha rakaganhurirwa pakuita rumbidzo mukati mewindo rezuva 14. Zvisinei, ikoku hakurevi kurukurirano yaRajiya Sabbaha isina basa. Gakava muRajiya Sabha inogona:

  • Tsanangura kuperevedza mukuva neakaunzi kwehurumende kana kuti kurongwa kwemari inoshandiswa.
  • Simbisa hurumende kujekesa kana kuti kudzivirira zvinhu zvayo zvemari.
  • Nzvera vanhu kupfurikidza nenhau dzinotaura nezvezvinoitika.

Kana Raje Sabha akasarudza kurumbidza — zvakadai sokukarakadza mwero wakaderera womutero kana kuti kukarakadza kwakasiyana — Lok Sabhaha angazviona.

Chivako 4: Kubudisa Mashoko uye Kupfuura Kwokupedzisira

Nemhaka yokuti mari Mabhiri inovamba muLok Sabhaha uye haidi vhoti yepamutemo muRaje Sabhaha (mutoo wezuva 14 unoshanda), Rajiya Sabbaha haavhoti papurogiramu kana kuti mari yemari imene. Zvisinei, nokuda kwezvimwe zvikwereti zvemari zvisiri mari Mari Bills — zvakadai sepepa rokuita mubatanidzwa mutsva wemari kana kuti kubvumira chibvumirano chechikwereti chinovimbisa — Rajiya Sabbaha vhovhoti zvakafanana chaizvo neLok Sabha. Chibvumirano chacho chinofanira kupfuudzwa neRaja Sabha muchimiro chimwe chetecho chakapfuudzwa neLoka Sab kana kuti nokubvumirana paandida.

Pashure pokunge dzimba dzose dziri mbiri dzapa mutemo wemari, unoendeswa kuMutungamiriri wenyika nokuda kwokubvuma, pashure pacho kunova mutemo.

Masimba Akaenzana: Raje Sabha vs. Lok Sabhaha Pamusoro Penhau Dzemari

Simba rakaganhurirwa raRaje Sabra paMari rePurces rinoitwa namaune neBumbiro reMitemo, rakaitirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti Lok Sabhaha akasarudzwa zvakananga ane chirevo chokupedzisira pamusoro pemitero nendyiko. Zvisinei, pesvedzero yaRajiya Sabha inotambanukira kupfuura kuvhota. Pepa riri pasi apa rinopfupikisa misiyano mikuru:

Simba: gadziridzo yeMari dzeMosai
[[FLT]][3] Lok Sabha: inogona kutsiva norusununguko[[
[FLT][FLT]] RABHA][[[FLT:] .]

Simba: Kurambwa kweMari dzeMosai
[[FLT]]] .Lok Sabha[: kunogona kuramba[[
[FLT][FLT]] RAGA SABHA: Haugoni kuramba; haufaniri kudzoka mukati mamazuva 14

Simba: Kunzvera kupfurikidza namatare
[[FLT]] .Lok Sabha: Kugoverana mitezo yedare[
[FLT][FLT]] RAYA SABHA: mativi ematare; mishumo yedare inopesvedzera

Simba : Kushandisa zvinodikanwa nokuda kweGrants
[[FLT]] .Lok Sabha: Simba rinobatanidza[
[FLT]] RABWA[FLT][FLT]]

Simba : Zvinyorwa zvemari zvisina mari
[[FLT]] LIT]LAHA[: Simba rakazara rakaenzana[
[FLT]] RABYA DABHA]

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti inoita kuti imba yepamusoro ive nzanga inongoitirana nharo pamusoro pomutemo wezvemari. Vatsigiri vanoti inodzivisa Rajiya Sabba — iyo isingadzoreki uye isingagoni kuratidzira fariro dzakadzika midzi — kubva pakudzivisa nzanga yehurumende yakasarudzwa.

Kunetsa Kwechidhipatimendi cheIndia uye Utongi Hunosarudzwa Nehurumende Hunosarudzwa Nehurumende Huri Muhurumende Yavose yeParamende

Kumirira Hurumende Nefariro Dzoruwa

Raje Sabra inoumbwa nemitezo inosarudzwa namagungano ehurumende emitemo, ichiiita imba inomirira zvakananga nyika muUnited Union Parmendi. Basa rayo rokunzvera bhajeti rinokosha nokuda kwokuva nechokwadi chokuti miitiro yemari yenyika haisi kufuratira itiro hanya dzehurumende. Mukati mekurukurirano yavose pamusoro pemari, mitezo inobva kunyika dzakasiana--- siyana inowanzomutsa nhau dzakadai sokusakwana kwechirongwa chikuru chemitengo, uye muuyo wemitero pamitero yenyika. Iyi mutevedzero inogona kutungamirira kugadziridzo mumaro makuru kana kuti gadziriro dzemitero pakati peCentreal nehurumende.

Somuenzaniso, mukati mekurukurirano pamusoro pe Dhavision 2023-24, mitezo minoverengeka Rajiya Sabha yakasimbisa kudikanwa kwezvitsama zvakakwirira zvemigove youtano nedzidzo munyika dzine gadziriro dzakaderera. Nepo bhajeti yokupedzisira ingave isina kusanogutsa zvinodikanwa izvi, kurukurirano yacho yakavimbisa kuti hurumende yairangarirwa kuva inozvidavirira kukarirwa kwenharaunda.

Kuongorora Nokuzvidavirira

Gadziriro yedare raRaje Sabra inogovera mwero wenzvero ine udzame iyo pane dzimwe nguva inoshaiwa murukuru, mutsigiri mukuru zvikuru Lok Sabha. Department-Readid Staving Committee, zvikurukuru ayo akaiswa nemitezo ine ruzivo kubva kuRajiya Sabhaha, anogona kuzvibata mukunzvera mari yakajeka. Vane chiremera chokudana ruramiso ine udzame kubva kumitezo yemitunhu, yakaenzanisa nokushanda kwadzo, uye kurumbidza kururamisa kosi. Ikoku kunosimbisa kutarisirwa kweparamendemu uye kunoderedza ngozi yendyiko yemari inosarudzwa kana kuti yokupambadza.

Uyewo, Raje Sabra anokakavadzana nezvemari kakawanda anobudisa unyanzvi hwezvokugadzira zvinhu.

Kudzikamisa Kushanda Kwevane Simba

Mugadziriro yeparamende umo mukuru mukuru anodzora voruzhinji muLok Sabra, Raja Sabha anogona kushanda sesimba rinodzongonyedza. Kunyange zvazvo risingagoni kumisa mari Bills, mano ayo okunonozesa mari, matare, uye kumutsa kutsoropodza kwenzwi kunoparira mutengo wezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwehurumende. Ikoku kunonyanya kukosha apo hurumende inenge isina voruzhinji muRaja Sabba, sezvave zvichiitika kwenguva dzinoverengeka kubvira muna 2014. Mumigariro yakadaro, Rajiya Sabhaha yakashandisa masimba ayo kunongedzera kumatare kumari inodzorwa zvikuru, kuraira kuri nani nokuda kwokushandisa mari, uye kutsigiro nokuda kwokuwedzera.

Kuronga Mari Nezvinetso muRaje Sabha

Kuganhurirwa Kwesimba Pamabhiri Emari

Chinotsoropodza chinopfuurira ndechokuti basa reRaje Sabha mugadziriro yemari yemari rakanyanyoderera. Gadziriro yemazuva 14 nokuda kweMari yemari kazhinji kazhinji haisati iri yakakwana nokuda kwokunzverwa kune revo, zvikurukuru apo bhajeti inopiwa nhambo yapera mupurogiramu kana kuti apo hurumende inokurumidzisa kupfuudzwa kweBill yeMari. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti ikoku kunoderedza nenzira inobudirira imba yapamusoro kuva rezarabha nokuda kwezvisarudzo zveLok Sabbaha, kuchisekesa nheyo yokuhwirudzura.

Uyezve, kutsanangurwa kwakakura kwezvinoumba Mari kwave kuchimutsa nharo. Mumakore achangopfuura, hurumende yakaronga zvikamu zvinoverengeka zvikuru zvemitemo — zvakadai seAadhaar Act uye Murayiro Wemari wa2017 (izvo zvakaita chinjo huru kukudzora kwematare) — seMoney Bills, kufuratira kuongorora kwaRajiya Sabbaha. Dare Rapamusoro rakatsigira kurongwa uku mune zvimwe zviitiko, asi rinoramba riri nhau inorwisana inonetesa basa reRajiya Sabra mumutemo wezvemari.

Kunonoka Nokuparadzana

Kufanana neLok Sabha, Rajiya Sabha inowanzodzongonyedza, kufamba, uye kunonoka kwemiitiro. Apo hurumende inotarisana nevoruzhinji vane utsinye muimba yepamusoro, mitezo inoshora ingashandisa kurukurirano dzebhajeti kubvisa wirirano dzezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti zviitiko. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kukuwedzerwa kwamarusando, nharo dzakavhiringidzika, kana kuti kupfuudzwa kwezvikwereti pasina kurukurirano yakafanira. Runako rwokunzvera runotambura apo kumira kworumano rwezvamatongerwe enyika kunotora nzvimbo yokutanga kutarisirwa.

Dare Risina Kukwana Rinotevera

Nepo Dare reDhipatimendi reReligid richiita mishumo inokosha, hakuna mutoo unosungisa wokuti hurumende ishandise rumbidzo dzayo.Mamisiri anowanzopindura mishumo yamadare nevimbiso dzisina kujeka, uye matare haana simba rokuita kuti kutevedzerwa kuitwe. Somuuyo, kunzvera kukuru kwenyanzvi kwakatangwa mukati momuitiro webhajeti kunoramba kuripo panzvimbo pokuraira.

Kuchinja Kunosimbisa Basa Raja Sabha Mukutenderwa Kwebhajeti

Kujekesa Ukuru Hwemabhiri Emari

Kumwe kuchinja kunokosha kwaizova kupfupikisa rondedzero yeMari kupfurikidza nemitemo kana kuti nhungamiro yokutonga.Mabhiri ane chinjo huru dzemitemo kupfuura mutero wakakwana kana kuti kudzorwa kunofanira kurangarirwa seMari, achivimbisa kuti Rajiya Sabha ane chirevo chakaenzana. Ikoku kungawedzera kunaka kwemitemo ndokuderedza kutsoropodzwa kwevakuru vakuru.

Kuwedzera Nguva Yokurangarira kwaRaje Sabha

Nhambo yamazuva 14 nokuda kweMari Mabhiri eMoney ingagona kutambanudzwa kusvikira kumazuva 30, kuchibvumira kunzvera kwakakwana zvikuru kwedare muimba yapamusoro. Ikoku hakusati kuchizodzivisa bhajeti kushandiswa panguva (bhajeti inowanzopiwa muna February, uye gore rapamusoro rinovamba pana 1 April), asi kwaizoda kuti hurumende ironge bhajeti yapakuvamba kana kuti idzvinyirire rimwe bhizimisi.

Gadziriro Yedare Rinosimbisa

Kuita matare anorumbidza kubatanidza kana kuti kuda mhinduro youshumiri mukati mechikamu chakatarwa kunowedzera kushanda kwokunzvera mari.

Kushandisa Kuona Zvakanaka Muzvinyorwa Zvebhajeti

Raje Sabra yaigona kumanikidza kuti mapepa emari ajeke, akadai sokugovera zvinoburitswa uye migumisiro pamwe chete nezvikarakadzo zvendyiko. Ikoku kwaizovandudza kunaka kwenzvero yedare ndokugonesa mitezo kuzvidavirira nokuda kwebasa, kwete kungopfuudza.

mhedziso

Muitiro wetendero yemari muRaje Sabha idiro rakaoma yegadziriro yebumbiro remitemo, masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye mitemo yetsika. Nepo chiremera cheimba yapamusoro chetsika paMari Bills chakaganhurirwa, basa rayo mukunzvera bhajeti kupfurikidza nekurukurirano dzamarongerwo emari, mishumo yedare, uye kurukurirano pamusoro pezvikwereti zvemari zvinokosha nokuda kwokuzvidavirira kwehurumende. Rajiya Sabra inounza murangariro wehurumende, unyanzvi hwezvoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uye murangariro wenguva refu kuumba mitemo yemari — mavara anokosha zvikuru munyika yakasiana - siana kufanana neIndia.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, ganhuriro dzegadziriro yazvino — zvikurukuru kuganhurirwa kweMari uye kusashandiswa kwekushanda kwemasangano edare — zvinoraira chinjo dzokufunga.Kusimbisa kutarisira bhizimisi kwaRaje Sabra hakusati kwaizoparadza ukuru hweLok Sabhaha; panzvimbo pezvo, kungavandudza kunaka kwokuronga mitemo uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mari yavanhu inopedzerwa nenzira yokuchenjera uye inojeka. sezvo upfumi hweIndia hunokura uye zvinetso zvemari zvinova zvakaoma zvikuru, gadziriro yemari yakaisvonaka haisi youmbozha — kuri madikanwa.