Good Friver Agreement, yakasainwa pana 10 April 1998, inoramba iri imwe yegadziriro huru dzezvamatongerwe enyika nenzanga munhau yazvino uno yeBritain neIreland. Yakaguma nenzira yakajeka makumi matatu amakore erwisano yamasimba masimba inozivikanwa seNhamo ndokutanga hwaro hutsva hwokutonga muNorthern Ireland. Pamberi pebasa rayo kwakanga kuri kuumbwa kwegadziriro yeyananiso inowirirana pakati penzanga mbiri dzakakamurwa zvikuru: vabatanidzwa, avo vanofarira zvikuru Northern Ireland inosara iri rutivi rweUnited Kingdom, uye vagari vomunyika, avo vanotsvaka chisimba rakabatana. Chibvumirano hachina kungogumisa chirongwa chinoitwa kuti chive chirongwa chinoshanda, kuzivikanwa, kuzivikanwa, uye kuporefu. Nyaya iyi inonzvera kuti Chibvumirano cheChishanu chinotsigira sei zvakananga pakati penzanga idzi dzemitemo, gadziriro dzacho, uye kubatana negadziriro kwetsikano.

Nheyo Huru dzeChibvumirano Chinoyananisa

Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu chakavakirwa panheyo dzinoverengeka, imwe neimwe yakarongedzerwa kupedza zvisakiso zvikuru zveparadzano uye kuita migariro umo vabatanidzwa navane urudzi vanogona kugara pamwe chete murugare.Idzi nheyo hadzisi mirangarirowo zvayo asi dzakabatanidzwa mugadziriro dzapamutemo nedzezvamatongerwe enyika dzeNorthern Ireland.

Kuenzana uye Kuremekedzana

Chivako chikuru cheChibvumirano chacho ndechokuzivikanwa kwakajeka kuti nzanga dzose dziri mbiri dzine nzvimbo dzapamutemo, zvishuvo, uye kodzero. Iyi nheyo yokuzviremekedza inoreva kuti hapana gamuchidzanwa rakakwirira kupfuura rimwe. Chibvumirano chinotaura zvakajeka kuti vanhu veNorthern Ireland vane maruramiro okuzvizivisa vamene seIreland, British, kana kuti dzose dziri mbiri, uye kuti uku kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo kwaifanira kuremekedzwa. Uku kuzivikanwa kwakanga kuri chinjo panguva ino. Nokuti vabatanidzwa, vakawana nzvimbo yeNorthern Ireland mukati meUnited Kingdom kusvikira vavhoti vazhinjisarudzi. Kureva kuti, kwaivimbisa kuti kuzivikanwa kweIreland netsika zvaizobatwa noruremekedzo rwakaenzana, uye kuti mubvunzo wemitemo wokuzvibatanidza ungagona kutevedzerwa kupfurikidza norugare, kureva kuti uzivi hwehurumende. Uku kuderedza pfungwa yekutyisidzira kutyisidzirana kunoitwa nenzanga imwe neimwe yeya yakabatana.

Hurumende Inodzvinyirira Simba

Chibvumirano chakagadza hurumende yakasarurwa umo vabatanidzwa navarwi vanogoverana simba ravakuru. Chibvumirano cheNorthern Ireland Chikuru chinoda kubvumirana kwemibatanidzwa nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvikuru, kuvimbisa kuti hakuna nzanga inogona kudzora imwe. Gurukota rokutanga nemuteveri weMinisteri wokutanga ibasa rimwe, rimwe rinogadzwa sesangano uye rimwe serevo renyika, richiita mubatanidzwa wemasangano. Iri sangano rinomanikidza vatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika kuti vabatirane, kukurukurirana, uye kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira. Simba harisi urongwawo hahwo hwokubatanidza zvinhu; ibasa rezuva nezuva mukuyanana. Apo vafundisi vakabatana nevezvokutsigira nyika yose vanoshanda pamwe chete senhau dzoutano, dzidzo, uye zvinhu, vakabatana nokuda kwenza nzanga yose. Iidi yacho yakabatanidza basa, uye kudzora nokuda kwamakumi amakore maviri anotonga.

Kodzero, Dziviriro, uye Mukana Wakaenzana

Chibvumirano chinobatanidza misengwa mikuru kukodzero dzevanhu nokuenzana. Yakatanga Northern Ireland Rights Commission, Sexual Commission, uye yakaraira Bill of Rights (kunyange zvazvo isati yatanga). Yakarambidza rusaruro pazvikonzero zvechitendero, zvezvamatongerwe enyika, uye dzinza.

Kurega uye Kuchengeteka

Kukanda zvombo zvehondo hakuna kudikanwa zvakajeka murugwaro rwapakuvamba, asi Chibvumirano chakapa mativi ose maruramiro okushandisa “pesvedzero ipi neipi yazvo kuti zvive” kuti zviwane mavambo. Mumakore anotevera, IRA, mapoka ezvokuvimbika, uye mamwe mauto akaisa zvombo zvisingagoneki. Iyi purogiramu yakanga yakazadzwa negakava uye kunonoka, asi kupedzwa kwayo pakupedzisira kwakanga kuchikosha nokuda kweyananiso. Kubviswa kwechisimba chomuviri chamasimba masimba airwa nepfumba kunobvumira nzanga kuvamba kuvimba kuti nzira dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzichatsiva kurwisana nepfuti. Rusununguro, rwakadai sokubviswa kwezvivaramisiriso zvehondo negadziriro yemasimba engozi, zvakawedzerazve mamiriro ezvinhu ehondo akanga ashatisa upenyu hwezuva nezuva. Apo mapurisa akavandudza mamiriro ezvinhu echipoteshi kupfurikidza neChinyorwa chenyika chenyika yeISercence yeIreland yeIreland yeNorthernernernern (Northernernernern) mutemo unotongedzese mutemo wehurumende ipi neipi.

Kushaya Ropa Nekodzero Dzetsika

Parades, zvikurukuru ayo eOrange Order, akanga ari nzvimbo inotambira rwisano. Chibvumirano chakagadzira Parades Commission, mutumbi wakazvimirira kuti uone migariro yokumisa vhiringidziko nemhinganidzo. Yakazivawo ukoshi hwekutaura kwetsika nokuda kwenzanga dzose dziri mbiri. Mutauro weIrish, pamwe chete neUlster Scots, zvakagamuchira tsigiro yapamutemo nedziviriro. Chibvumirano chitsva chaMakore okuMakore aMakore aMakumi anosirwazve chakasimbisazve idzi maruramiro etsika, kubatanidza kuumbwa kweIrish Language Commissioner yeUlty neMumiriastery yeBritain. Chitendero cheUlster chinorangarirwa kuti zvose zviri zviviri zvisungo netsika dzenyika dzenyika inoremekedzwa, hachidzoreswi, chinoparira chibvumirano chizere munzvimbo yavose apo boka risingafungiri tyisidzirwi. Chino chetsikadzokoro chino cheyamu chino chetsika chinowanzo kudzokororososo chenguva refu.

Michina Inokurudzira Kuyanana

Kunze kwenheyo, Bhuku rinonzi Good Frinth Agreement rakagadza nzira dzinoverengeka dzakagadzirirwa kusimudzira kuyanana munzanga, mumapoka, uye munzanga.

Chikamu cheCommunity Fusha yeMutambo neChibiko cheForum

Chibvumirano chakagoverwa nokuda kwechibvumirano cheChibvumirano cheChibvumirano cheChibvumirano cheNyama, dare rinonzvera rinomirira nzanga, kubatanidza mabhizimisi, masangano ebhizimisi, machechi, uye masangano okuzvidira. Nepo Forum isina kuchengetwa mukuchinja kwapashure, murangariro wacho wakaratidzira nzwisiso yokuti kuyanana hakugoni kusiiwa bedzi kuna vezvamatongerwe enyika. Nhevedzo dzeNhevedzo dzenzanga, dzinotsigirwa neInternational Fund yeIreland neEUUNICEF, zvakatsigirwa nokubatira pamwe chete zvichipfuurira kubvira muna 1995. Zvirongwa izvi zvinounza pamwe chete Purotesitendi nepwere dzeKaturike, mapoka echiuto, vasungwa vehurumende, uye mapoka avanyajambwa kuti vagoverane zvinoitika uye vavakwane. Tsiano yekurukurirano, inotsigirwa nokunzvera kwenzanga, inoratidzira kuti kubatirana mumitezo inoderedza kufungira mano yakaipa. Kutsigirana kwemitezo yokutsigira nokutsigira dzidzo yetsika dzamanyoro nokuda kwegadziriro yamabasa makuru ebasa.

Kunaya Kwechokwadi Nokuziva Zvekare

Rimwe ramativi akaoma zvikurusa eyananiso nderokubata nenhaka yamasimba masimba ekare. Chibvumirano cheGood Wearday hachina kutanga basa rimwe rezvokwadi, asi rakagadzira nhano dzinoverengeka. Vatapurwa, vaKomishinaridhei, Nhevedzano yeHistorical Enquirical Encories Teammes (ipo yakanzvera Zvinetso zvinobatanidza rufu), uye maPrepagence emisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi pasi peStornont House Regreement (Unions yakaedza kugovera mhinduro kumhuri. Chibvumirano chakakurudzira “kudzorwa nokuyananiswa” uye kurangarira marwadzo avanyajambwa kubva kumativi ose. Nepo mapoka anoitira nharo zvikuru nemhoshoro dzeva dzinonzwa ruramisiro dzisina kubatira panenge pakanga pazaruramiramiramirano nokuda kwokuziva kuti nzanga dzose dziri mbiri uye kuti zvokwadi yerwisano haina kuudzwa. Akggy, kunyange pada kukanganwira, kunyange kutadza kukanganwirwa.

Kutanga Kwomunharaunda Nenzvimbo Dzakagoveranwa

Chibvumirano chakanyandura chizvarwa chezvirongwa zvokubatanidza: zvikoro zvinogoveranwa (kunyange zvichiri zviduku), zvirongwa zvedzimba zvakabatanidzwa, masvingo orugare anoderera (kuderera), uye gadziriro dzemitambo nedzemiitiro. Chibvumirano cheHouse Adminitive Bigtive Neighbource Programme neHofisi yeGumbi reSangano reSangano reSangano reUnited Union ndivazukuru vakananga chiono cheChibvumirano. Somuenzaniso, kukurazve kweCrumlin Road Gaol munzvimbo inokwezva vashanyi uye nzvimbo yemisangano zvino zvinobatira senzvimbo imwe chete munharaunda yakakamukana yenhau yokuchamhembe kweBelfast. Uku kugadziridzwa kwomuviri nenzanga kunoratidzira kuti kuyanana hakungori bedzi pamusoro pezviono zvechiono zvechiono zvechibvumirano. Somuenzaniso, kukurarutsungidzira kwezuva nezuva apo vaMubatanidzwa nevoni vanobva munyika yose vanowana nyika yose.

Kuchinja Kwemitemo Nekwematongerwe Enyika Kunodzivirira Kuenzana

Kuenzana kweChibvumirano nekodzero dzevanhu zvakatungamirira kudziviriro dzepamutemo dzinooneka. Chikamu 75 chebasa pasi peNorthern Ireland Act 1998 chinoda zviremera zvehurumende kusimudzira kuenzana kwemukana neukama hwakanaka. Izvi zvakashandiswa kudenha miitiro yokusasarura mukupa dzimba, mapurisa, uye dzidzo. Basa rimwe chetero rakakumbirwawo kudzivirira kodzero dzemadzinza echiduku nevakadzi, zvichiumba tsika dzakakura dzokuremekedza mhatsa. Chinjo dzezvamatongerwe enyika, zvakadai sechinodikanwa chokuvhotera kudarika kwemipato mikuru, zvakadzivisa kudzorwa kukuru nokumanikidzwa. Izvi zvinodzivirira kudzivirira nzanga dzose dziri mbiri kuti havasati vachizoiswa pasi, izvo zvinokosha nokuda kwokuvakira rukudzo.

Kubatsira Kunoita Chibvumirano Chokuyanana: Kufambira Mberi uye Matambudziko Anoramba Achivapo

Kugadziridzwa Mumasimba Masimba Nokusagadzikana Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kushanda kukurusa kweGood Friver Augnes kwave kuri kuderera kukuru kwamasimba masimba ezvematongerwe enyika. Kuvambira padzinopfuura 450 dzorufu dzinobatanidzwa muna 1972 kusvikira kudzisingasviki 20 gore negore mumakore achangobva kupfuura, kuchinja kwacho kwakajeka. Kurega kupfuta kwehondo kwakavapo zvikuru, uye mabasa okudzivirira akaitwa nenzira yetsika. Uku kuderera mumasimba masimba kwakaparira kuchengeteka kwomuviri nokwendangariro kunodikanwa kuti kutange. Mhuri hadzichisi kupfuurira kurarama mukutya kubhomba kana kuti kupfura, uye vana vanogona kukura munzanga umo kusava kusingadzivisiki. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, pasinei zvapo nenjodzi dzenguva dukusaidzo dzinobvira (g., kubviswa kwevambirwe kweyamubatanidzwa kuvambira muna 2017 kusvikira mu2020), dzakagovera kutyira kwokugara kuvhozhozhokerwa kwezvo zvombo.

Mafungiro Nechivimbo Zvenzanga

Nzvero dzinoratidza wedzero yakatsiga muzvimiro zvendangariro zvakanaka pakati penzanga mbiri. Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey inoratidzira kuti mwero wavanhu vanozivisa savasingawirirani navarwi venyika yakakwira, inoratidzira nzvimbo yapakati yapakati. Tsigiro yedzidzo yakabatana yakawedzerawo zvikuru. Zvisinei, ruvimbo runoramba ruchiderera. Vavakidzani vazhinji vanoramba vakaparadzaniswa nedzimba nedzidzo, uye kuyananisa, uye 60% yavagari vemo vanorarama mumasuro ayo ari 80% yePurotesitendi kana kuti yeKaturike. Madziro erugare achiri kupfuurira kubvisa mamwe masvingo, mamwe mamitengirwo anoramba aripo. Denho yokuparadza mamiriro okunze etsika dzinooneka. Kuyananisa vanhu munzvimbo dzakadaro dzichatora zvizvarwa.

Kuchinja Kwezvemari

Kuyanana kunotsigirwawo nokubatana kwezveupfumi. Kudyidzana kworugare kwakakwezva mari yakawanda yokumwe, uye kushanya kwakawedzera, vashanyi zvino vachikweverwa kutsika dzakanaka dzeBelfast panzvimbo perwisano yayo. Programme dzeEU PEAT dzakaisa mazana emamiriyoni mumitsetse yemicheto neyamazambuko. Kudyidzana kwezvemari kunoparira zvikarakadzo zvokubatira pamwe; apo mubatanidzwa wemibatanidzwa navatungamiriri vehurumende vanotsigira kuisa mari pamwe chete, vanoratidzira fariro dzakagoveranwa. Ppost-Brexit Northern Ireland Protocotocol naWind Frameory yakatevera yakaedza kutsigirome iyi yemari, asi yakaratidzawo kuti batira pamwe chete yemari inogona kuva chishandiso chokutarisira kusawirirana kwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Zvakakonzerwa Nemakakatanwa Akapfuura uye Anoramba Achingoitika

Pasinei zvapo nefambiro mberi, kuyanana hakuna kukwana. Nhaka yeNhamo ichiri kutambudza Northern Ireland. Hapana nzira yokuvandudza zvokwadi yakakwana yakabvumiranwa. UK’Spect yakaguma mhaka dzevagari vemo uye kunzvera kwakabatana neNhamo, uko kwave kuchitsoropodzwa zvikuru nevezvourudzi vazhinji namapoka avanyajambwa. Kuitira hanya kwesangano reSangano reProtocolment kwakanetesa masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, kuchitungamirira kukuramba kuripo kwemapoka echiuto (Kupera kwemoto) kunochengeta kudzorererwa kwepfuridzo munzanga dzakati. Muitiro weyananiso hausati uri mutsetse; unowana mhinganidzo pamusoro peProtekoso nefambiro mberi.

Nhamburiko Dzinopfuurira Dzokusimbisa Kuyanana

Mirayiridzo Mitsva Yokugoverana Dzidzo Nedzimba

Chizvarwa chapashure pekubetsera chakaona nhano dzakafanana nepurogiramu yeDzidzo inogoveranwa, iyo ibvumirano yemari pakati pezvikoro zveKaturike nePurotesitendi. Pakasvika 2020, zvikoro zvinopfuura 600 zvakabatanidzwa, navadzidzi vachigoverana makirasi, mitambo, uye nzendo. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti dzidzo yakafanana inoderedza rusarurano uye inowedzera kudisa kuyamuranisa. Vavariro yeHowation Guideagedherist yokubvisa masvingo ose orugare panosvika 2023 haina kupedzwa, asi fambiro mberi zvishoma nezvishoma inopfuurira munharaunda dzakafanana neMushana weBelfast kumaodzanyemba, umo chikamu chorusvingo chakadzikiswa uye masuo zvino akazarurwa kazhinji kazhinji.

Zviitiko Zvetsika uye Zvokuyananisa

Zviitiko zvakadai seBelfast Mela (mutambo wetsika dzenyika) uye West Belfast Féile a Phobail zvinokwezva vapindi vanobva munzanga dzose. March nokuda kweZvokwadi neRuramisiro, uye dzimwe vananyajambwa, zvinobatanidza zvikuru manzwi anobva mumagamuchidzanwa ose ari maviri. Kugadzirwa kweMuziyamu yeFree Derry neTroubles neFoort Memort kunoratidza kuti nhau inogona kupiwa sei nenzira inobvuma mifungo mizhinji pasina kurumbidza masimba masimba.

Utungamiriri Hwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokuva Nhungamiro

Nepo Mutungamiriri akatarisana nenjodzi dzakawanda, idi rokuti yadzoka pashure pokunge kutendeseka kumwe nokumwe kwaratidza kuzvipira kukuru kuChibvumirano. Vatungamiriri vakaita saJohn Hume, David Trimbell, uye gare gare Arlene Foster, Michelle O’Neill, uye Naomi Long vose vane, panguva dzakasiana---mbimbimbimbimbi, vakaratidzwa kuda kupinda. Chibvumirano icho chimene chave chakagadziridzwa munguva yakati: St Andrews Recouncipment (2006, Hillsbource Classigment (2010), Shosthoont House Arective (2014, Find Reconsticement, uye New Exploation (2015), uye New Ex2020) chakava nechinhu chose chakaisvonaka. Uku kugadziridza ndiko chiratidzo chesimba rapakuvamba. Chibvumirano ichi chiratidzo chesimba reChibvumirano; hachisi chinhu chipenyu chakabatana.

Mugumo: Hwaro Hwokutsungirira Kuyananiswa

Benest Friver Augnition yakagovera chirongwa chinokosha chezvamatongerwe enyika, chemitemo, uye chenzanga nokuda kweyananiso pakati pavabatanidzwa navatsigiri venyika muNorthern Ireland. Chakanga chisati uye chaisagona kugumisa kupesana nokukurumidza, asi chakaparira migariro umo kupesana kwaigona kugona kudzorwa norugare uye kuvimba kuvakwazve. Kupfurikidza nokupfuudza kuenzana, simba, maruramiro avanhu, ruremekedzo rwetsika, uye kuchengeteka, zvakapa nzanga dzose dzose dzinova nebvumirano, zvakapa vivimbojekanyo kuti zvinhu zvavo zvikuru zvichagona kugadziriswa kupfurikidza nemitoo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Miitiro yokuyambuka-ko, miitiro yenhaka, uye zvirongwa zvenzanga zvakatsigira ukama hunoita kuti kuve kunobvira. Kuyananiswa kwechisimba kungasatongopera makore makumi maviri gare gare gare gare, Nokuchamhembe kwechino inokamurakamura nzanga nzanga nzanga nzanga inokamuraniswa. Kunyange zvazvo zvichingova zvinongoda kupfuudzirwa, zvinopfuudzira kuyananiswa, zvibvumirano zvezvamatongerwedzo zvezvamatongerw enyika, zvinopfurira mberi, zvinopfuudzo zvinopfurira ku